Datasets:

MemGPT

/

qa_data

like 1

[ "2002" ]

[ { "title": "Catch Me If You Can", "text": "Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His primary crime was check fraud; he became so experienced that the FBI eventually turned to him for help in catching other checking forgers. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Catch Me Who Can", "text": "Catch Me Who Can Catch Me Who Can was the fourth and last steam railway locomotive created by the inventor and mining engineer Richard Trevithick. It was an evolution of three earlier locomotives which had been built for Coalbrookdale, Penydarren ironworks and Wylam colliery. Demonstration runs began in July 1808, and \"Catch Me Who Can\" was the first locomotive in the world to haul fare-paying passengers. \"Catch Me Who Can\" was constructed during 1808 by the engineers John Urpeth Rastrick and John Hazledine at their foundry in Bridgnorth, England. It was demonstrated to the public at Trevithick's \"Steam Circus\", a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7121179", "score": "0.8657486", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)", "text": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song) \"Catch Me If You Can\" is a song recorded in two languages (Japanese and Korean) by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The Korean version was released by S.M. Entertainment and KT Music on April 10, 2015, while the Japanese version was released on April 22 by EMI and Universal Music Japan. The song was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi, with the Korean lyrics written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, and the Japanese lyrics written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, it was described by critics as an EDM", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18613893", "score": "0.85527813", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (EP)", "text": "Catch Me If You Can (EP) Catch Me If You Can is the debut extended play by Canadian country music artist Jess Moskaluke. It was released on September 4, 2012 via MDM Recordings and marks her first studio effort. It include the singles \"Catch Me If You Can\" and \"Hit N' Run\". Four of the songs, including the title track, were previously included on her Tyler Ward-distributed 2011 collection, \"Amen Hallelujah\". Jeff DeDekker of the \"Leader-Post\" gave the EP four stars out of five, writing that \"by using the full extent of her voice and also incorporating tenderness and fragility,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19741647", "score": "0.85435283", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)", "text": "from the group in September 2014. Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song) \"Catch Me If You Can\" is a song recorded in two languages (Japanese and Korean) by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The Korean version was released by S.M. Entertainment and KT Music on April 10, 2015, while the Japanese version was released on April 22 by EMI and Universal Music Japan. The song was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi, with the Korean lyrics written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, and the Japanese lyrics written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18613903", "score": "0.85158193", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Catch Me Who Can", "text": "information about \"Catch Me Who Can\" had long been acknowledged. A replica is under construction by the Trevithick 200 charity at the Severn Valley Railway workshops, close to the site where the original locomotive was built. As of July 2017 work towards completion of the engine continues with the braking mechanism being the only major item left to complete. The replica engine can be seen outside near to the entrance of the Severn Valley Railway at Bridgnorth station. Catch Me Who Can Catch Me Who Can was the fourth and last steam railway locomotive created by the inventor and mining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7121187", "score": "0.8311417", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Catch Us If You Can", "text": "Catch Us If You Can \"Catch Us If You Can\" is a 1965 song from The Dave Clark Five (DC5), written by group's drummer Dave Clark and guitarist Lenny Davidson. The song was one of DC5's top hits, reaching number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in the late summer of 1965 and number 4 on the U.S. pop singles chart, later that fall. Starting with guitar and finger snapping accompaniment, the hook was instantaneous: As such, it served as the title song to John Boorman's well-regarded DC5 vehicle and pop scene film \"Catch Us If You Can\" (retitled \"Having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10424680", "score": "0.827055", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)", "text": "Catch Me If You Can (1989 film) Catch Me If You Can is a 1989 American motion picture starring Matt Lattanzi, Loryn Locklin, Grant Heslov, Geoffrey Lewis and M. Emmet Walsh. The film was the directorial debut of writer and director Stephen Sommers, with a soundtrack by Tangerine Dream. The movie follows the antics of high school students and their adventure in saving their school from being closed. Class president Melissa (Loryn Locklin) has started raising money through donations to keep the school open, but when the fundraising begins to slow down, Dylan (Matt Lattanzi) convinces Melissa that he can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15145809", "score": "0.82686543", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "musicals genuinely from that era (like the current hit revival \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\"). Under the direction of Jack O'Brien, though, \"Catch Me If You Can\" moves mostly in fits and starts. But the creators of \"Catch Me If You Can\" have rigged the game against them. What should have been a fun lark of a story seems almost stodgy, like your grandmother's idea of a good time.\" In Steven Suskin's review of the show in \"Variety\", he wrote, \"Tuner has fine credentials, with the lead producer, songwriters, director, choreographer, designers and two featured actresses from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320901", "score": "0.82205796", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (EP)", "text": "Moskaluke is able to cover the complete spectrum of material.\" Casadie Pederson of \"Top Country\" also gave the EP four stars out of five, calling Moskaluke \"one of the best young talents we've seen in a long time.\" Catch Me If You Can (EP) Catch Me If You Can is the debut extended play by Canadian country music artist Jess Moskaluke. It was released on September 4, 2012 via MDM Recordings and marks her first studio effort. It include the singles \"Catch Me If You Can\" and \"Hit N' Run\". Four of the songs, including the title track, were previously", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19741648", "score": "0.8115562", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "You Can't Catch Me", "text": "You Can't Catch Me \"You Can't Catch Me\" is a song written and recorded by Chuck Berry, released as a single in 1956. The song's lyrics describe racing a souped-up \"air-mobile\" down the New Jersey Turnpike, then unfolding its wings and taking off. At the time, the Aerocar designed and built by Molt Taylor was nearing Civil Aviation Authority approval for mass production as a flying car with detachable folding wings. Berry's song was featured in the 1956 film \"Rock, Rock, Rock\" and was one of the four songs from the film that was included on the \"soundtrack\" album (the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330975", "score": "0.8073089", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "to sing and dance his way out of trouble. It's a canny conceit, but one that only emphasizes the character's disingenuousness. There are other elegant and frisky flourishes, from William Ivey Long's eye-candy costumes to Jerry Mitchell's vampish choreography – both of which draw attention to the leggy, voluptuous figures in the female ensemble. Still, in failing to deliver a youthful protagonist you can really cheer for, this \"Catch Me If You Can\" may leave you feeling a bit cheated.\" An original Broadway cast recording was released digitally on May 23, 2011, by Ghostlight Records, prior to a June 28", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320904", "score": "0.8072158", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "17 to 23 June 2015 at Akasaka ACT Theater in Tokyo and 29 June to 6 July 2015 at Umeda Arts Theater Theater Drama City in Osaka. The Australian premiere production as presented by Williamstown Musical Theatre Company opened in Melbourne on May 6 and ran for a limited season from May 6–21 at Williamstown Mechanics Institute. Catch Me If You Can (musical) Catch Me If You Can is a musical with a libretto by Terrence McNally and a theatrical score by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman. It follows the story of a con artist named Frank Abagnale Jr. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320906", "score": "0.80388916", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Catch Us If You Can", "text": "a Wild Weekend\" in the U.S.) of the same year. The title phrase was seemingly a take-off on the 1959 crime film \"Catch Me If You Can\" and similar phrases, with \"me\" turned to the group's \"us\". In years since, \"Catch Us If You Can\" is played near the start of Shrewsbury Town F.C. matches as the footballers run onto the pitch. This has been happening on and off since the 1974-1975 season and \"Catch\" is thus seen by home fans as Shrewsbury's de facto theme tune. Such was its significance to Shrewsbury Town that a local band, Hello Cleveland,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10424681", "score": "0.7927784", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Bashy album)", "text": "Show Sunday 12 July 2009 in a Q&A session with Bashy, Emil and Jake (hosted by Daniel Lambden). Catch Me If You Can (Bashy album) Catch Me If You Can is the debut album of UK rapper Bashy. The highly anticipated debut album was released by Bashy on 1 June 2009. Hiphop.com rated the album 'good' saying \"\"Catch Me If You Can\" is a debut album that perfectly encapsulates how hip hop has become the world's local music. With vocal accents, lyrical references, swagger and varied production styles that will take a minute for the non-Brit to get their head", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13421831", "score": "0.79170513", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "You Can't Catch Me", "text": "Bruce Springsteen referenced the lyric \"New Jersey turnpike in the wee, wee hours\" twice on his album \"Nebraska\". Citations Sources You Can't Catch Me \"You Can't Catch Me\" is a song written and recorded by Chuck Berry, released as a single in 1956. The song's lyrics describe racing a souped-up \"air-mobile\" down the New Jersey Turnpike, then unfolding its wings and taking off. At the time, the Aerocar designed and built by Molt Taylor was nearing Civil Aviation Authority approval for mass production as a flying car with detachable folding wings. Berry's song was featured in the 1956 film \"Rock,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330978", "score": "0.7881191", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "When Can I See You Again?", "text": "When Can I See You Again? \"When Can I See You Again?\" is a song recorded by Owl City for the 2012 Walt Disney Animation Studios film \"Wreck-It Ralph\". It was written and produced by Adam Young, with additional writing from Matt Thiessen and Brian Lee. \"When Can I See You Again?\" is an uptempo dance-pop and synthpop single. It features Young's \"light vocals over a bed of pounding drums and twinkly synths\". Young told AOL Music, \"As a huge fan of Disney animation films growing up, it was a real honor to write 'When Can I See You Again'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16957439", "score": "0.78048813", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Bashy album)", "text": "Catch Me If You Can (Bashy album) Catch Me If You Can is the debut album of UK rapper Bashy. The highly anticipated debut album was released by Bashy on 1 June 2009. Hiphop.com rated the album 'good' saying \"\"Catch Me If You Can\" is a debut album that perfectly encapsulates how hip hop has become the world's local music. With vocal accents, lyrical references, swagger and varied production styles that will take a minute for the non-Brit to get their head around, much of this likable and well-intentioned set still deserves wider attention.\" Bashy re-recorded the video for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13421829", "score": "0.7800722", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pray You Catch Me", "text": "Pray You Catch Me \"Pray You Catch Me\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her sixth studio album, \"Lemonade\" (2016). The song's music video is part of a one-hour film with the same title as its parent album, originally aired on HBO. The song was recorded at Conway Studios in Los Angeles, California in September 2015. Knowles wrote and produced the song with Kevin Garrett, Jeremy McDonald and James Blake. \"Pray You Catch Me\" is a downtempo song. According to the sheet music published by Sony/ATV Music Publishing on Musicnotes.com the song is composed in the key", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19474300", "score": "0.7710682", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)", "text": "her own fashion business Blanc & Eclare; the release of \"Catch Me If You Can\" marked Girls' Generation's first release as an eight-member group. On February 18, 2015, it was announced that Girls' Generation was preparing for their comeback in Japan by releasing their ninth Japanese single named \"Catch Me If You Can\", which was scheduled to be released in Japan on April 22, 2015. On March 23, further information regarding the single was announced: the Japanese version of \"Catch Me If You Can\" would be distributed under three formats: CD single, digital download, and 12-inch single. The Korean version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18613896", "score": "0.7689992", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "“Catch Me” seemed a natural. But this time they’re doing pastiches of music from television variety shows – of both the Mitch Miller and Dean Martin kinds – a form that is dangerously close to lounge and elevator music. The flashy musical numbers definitely emerge from the plot, just as they are supposed to do in your basic organic musical, but they sometimes have the chalky flavor of audio-visual aids.\" Thorm Geier of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the show a \"B-\" and said, \"Part of the problem with \"Catch Me If You Can\" is Terrence McNally's book, which is oddly paced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320899", "score": "0.7688973", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)", "text": "was released digitally worldwide by S.M. Entertainment on April 10, 2015. Due to its popularity on YouTube, the song also received airplay on SiriusXM Hits 1 radio during the week of April 20, 2015. Both versions of the single contain a B-side track titled \"Girls\". The music for \"Catch Me If You Can\" was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi. The Korean lyrics were written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, while the Japanese lyrics were written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, the song was described as an electronic dance music (EDM) track. Jeff Benjamin, writing for Fuse,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18613897", "score": "0.7678565", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can", "text": "earned a Grammy Award nomination. Elements of the film were later parodied in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"Catch 'Em If You Can\". \"Catch Me If You Can\" was released on DVD on May 6, 2003 and on Blu-ray on December 4, 2012. A musical adaptation of the same name premiered at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, Washington in July 2009, starring Aaron Tveit and Norbert Leo Butz. It began previews on Broadway at the Neil Simon Theatre on March 11, 2011 and officially opened April 10, 2011. The musical was nominated for four Tony Awards, including Best Musical. Catch Me", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1700947", "score": "0.7676249", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)", "text": "\"#catchGG\" on Twitter, accompanying the group's comeback. Following the release of the song, the group did not do any official promotion in South Korea. However, Girls' Generation later performed the song on South Korean music program \"Show! Music Core\", in conjunction with the release of the group's subsequent single \"Party\", in July 2015. They also performed the song on NTV's \"Live Monster\" concert in Japan during the same month. The music video for \"Catch Me If You Can\" was directed by Toshiyuki Suzuki and features the members dancing in white tank tops and orange uniforms at a construction zone. Jeff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18613901", "score": "0.7651621", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Catch Us If You Can", "text": "sequence of the ESPN broadcast of the 1989 Winston 500 NASCAR race held at Talladega Superspeedway. \"Catch Us If You Can\" was also used for video clips of baseball highlights on \"The George Michael Sports Machine\". The song was also used in the opening sequence of the TBS broadcast of the 1987 NBA Playoffs between the Los Angeles Lakers against the Seattle SuperSonics in Game 2 of the Western Conference Finals. Catch Us If You Can \"Catch Us If You Can\" is a 1965 song from The Dave Clark Five (DC5), written by group's drummer Dave Clark and guitarist Lenny", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10424684", "score": "0.76100755", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (book)", "text": "and opened on April 10 at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway. The show stars Aaron Tveit, Norbert Leo Butz, Tom Wopat and Kerry Butler. Butz won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011. Catch Me If You Can (book) Catch Me If You Can is the semi-autobiography of Frank Abagnale Jr., a former con artist who, as a young man, cashed $2.5 million worth of bad checks while impersonating a Pan Am pilot, a doctor, a teacher, and an attorney. The book is co-written by Stan Redding, and was adapted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12590624", "score": "0.75922644", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Catch Me (TVXQ song)", "text": "Catch Me (TVXQ song) \"Catch Me\" (stylized as \"Catch Me -If you wanna-\" in Japan) is a song by South Korean pop duo TVXQ, also known as Tohoshinki in Japan. Written by Yoo Young-jin and Yoo Han-jin, two versions of \"Catch Me\" exist: the original Korean-language version, which served as the lead single for the duo's sixth Korean studio album \"Catch Me\" (2012), and a Japanese-language version, which was released as the fourth and last single for their sixth Japanese studio album, \"Time\" (2013). The Korean version of \"Catch Me\" was made available for download on September 24, 2012, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16798531", "score": "0.758222", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "Roger. The production received mostly positive reviews from critics. On March 11, 2011, the musical began preview performances on Broadway at the Neil Simon Theatre, with an official opening date on April 10, 2011. The show featured most of the Seattle cast, with Butz, Tveit, Wopat, and Butler appearing in leading roles. Other Seattle cast members included: Linda Hart, Nick Wyman, Rachel deBenedet, Brandon Wardell, Timothy McCuen Piggee, and Angie Schworer. The production had scenic design by David Rockwell, costume design by William Ivey Long, lighting design by Kenneth Posner, and musical direction by John McDaniel; O'Brien and Mitchell were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320885", "score": "0.75427425", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Bashy", "text": "delivered \"Kidulthood to Adulthood\". Thomas also delved into the grime scene and gathered music from other artists for Clarke to listen to. Clarke then asked Thomas to act as assistant music supervisor for the entire film. Thomas released his debut album, \"Catch Me If You Can\", on 1 June 2009. Hiphop.com rated the album 'good' and cited, \"Catch Me If You Can is a debut album that perfectly encapsulates how hip hop has become the world's local music. With vocal accents, lyrical references, swagger and varied production styles that will take a minute for the non-Brit to get their head", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13108287", "score": "0.75355875", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Catch Me If You Can (musical)", "text": "to be the book but the source material. If there is a musical to be made from this tale of a bumbling FBI agent chasing a naively innocent charmer, the creators haven't found it.\" Elysa Gardner of \"USA Today\" said, \"Boasting a score by the famously witty team of Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman and a book by Terrence McNally, \"Catch Me\" is too ambitious and stylish in its efforts to entertain and move us to induce boredom. The musical is structured so that we see our mischievous finagler crafting his own story, introducing some numbers and then literally trying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11320903", "score": "0.7532074", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Catch Me If You Can", "long_answer": "Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His primary crime was check fraud; he became so experienced that the FBI eventually turned to him for help in catching other checking forgers. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen, and Nathalie Baye in supporting roles.", "chunked_long_answer": "Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His primary crime was check fraud; he became so experienced that the FBI eventually turned to him for help in catching other checking forgers. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen,", "short_answers": [ "2002" ] }

[ "1957" ]

[ { "title": "Toyota", "text": "Toyopet SA, but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck, Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word \"Toyopet (Japanese article)\" was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Toyota Crown", "text": "common to American automakers: a coast-to-coast endurance run from Los Angeles to New York. The Toyopet was barely able to limp into Las Vegas before the project had to be called off. Toyota's first export to the United States began with 30 Crown Deluxe's in June 1958 after establishing Toyota Motor Sales USA the previous October, the first directly managed retail dealer (Hollywood Toyota) the previous February, U.S. wholesale and import companies, and a parts warehouse in Long Beach. Toyota also signs up 45 dealers to sell cars in its initial year, growing to 70 dealers by 1960 and 90", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5822771", "score": "1.2210448", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Gulf States Toyota Distributors", "text": "sold 5,000 cars and trucks through 14 dealerships. GST also completed construction of a processing center on a site at the Port of Houston. In 1979, GST won the Import Vehicle Triple Crown by being first in import car, truck and combined import sales in the United States with 65,826 vehicles sold. The NUMMI plant, a joint venture with General Motors, opened at Fremont, California in 1984 and was Toyota's first assembly plant in the US. Gulf States Toyota completed construction and opened its Parts Distribution Center (PDC) near Sealy, Texas in 1986. Today, the PDC provides dedicated parts delivery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12943677", "score": "1.1691234", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States", "text": "also markets electric powertrain components, including lithium-ion battery packs, to other automakers, including Daimler and Toyota. Toyota's first foray into automobile manufacturing in the United States was NUMMI, a joint venture with General Motors based on the latter's production facility in California, which started in 1984 and has been manufacturing Toyota models and their versions branded as Geo, Chevrolet and Pontiac until GM withdrew in August 2009 and Toyota shut the doors in March 2010. Toyota went on to establish a number of wholly owned plants in states such as Kentucky, Indiana, California, Texas, West Virginia and Alabama. More than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7989213", "score": "1.1462568", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Gulf States Toyota Distributors", "text": "According to Shelby, \"I turned it down because I went to Lee Iacocca, and he told me not to take it because the domestic makers were going to push the Japanese back into the ocean.\" Shelby told his racing buddy, Tom Friedkin, about Toyota's intentions to sell distributor licenses. Friedkin flew to Japan and convinced Toyota that he had the necessary knowledge and resources. Gulf States Toyota brought the first Toyota vehicle to Houston, Texas in 1969, when all Toyota vehicles were manufactured in Japan and imported into the US. Three years later, the company employed 35 associates and had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12943676", "score": "1.1462525", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "History of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its first Type A Engine, which was used in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134867", "score": "1.1397278", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others. Toyota marketing, sales, and distribution in the US are conducted through a separate subsidiary, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. It has started producing larger trucks, such as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418818", "score": "1.127772", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Lexus", "text": "States. The division inaugurated dealerships in the Japanese domestic market in 2005, becoming the first Japanese premium car marque to launch in its country of origin. The brand was introduced in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Europe and other regions. The brand was created around the same time as Japanese rivals Nissan and Honda developed their Infiniti and Acura premium brands. The Japanese government imposed voluntary export restraints for the U.S. market, so it was more profitable for Japanese automakers to export more expensive cars to the U.S. In 1983, Toyota chairman Eiji Toyoda issued a challenge to build the world's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "243174", "score": "1.1254405", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "to Finland for evaluation in June 1962, but no sales followed. The first European importer was Erla Auto Import A/S of Denmark, who brought in 190 Crowns following a May 1963 agreement to become the distributor for Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Netherlands followed in May 1964, and after having established toeholds in countries with little or no indigenous automobile production other markets followed in 1966. In 1968 Toyota established its first European CKD assembler, Salvador Caetano I.M.V.T. of Portugal. With high fuel prices and a weak US economy in mid-2008, Toyota reported a double-digit decline in sales for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134874", "score": "1.1253653", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Toyota Motor Sales, USA", "text": "Hollywood Blvd. As of April 2014 that building is still a Toyota dealership. Because the city had airline access to Tokyo and because of the proximity to the Port of Los Angeles the US division of Toyota located its headquarters in the Los Angeles area. The Torrance headquarters opened in 1982. In 2003 the Toyota South Campus in Torrance received the Golden Nugget Award. In 2014 Toyota announced it was moving its United States headquarters to Plano, Texas in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The new headquarters will have around 4,000 total employees, including about 2,000 employees from the current headquarters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4307658", "score": "1.1196687", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in the United States", "text": "in the U.S. Toyota had 31,000 direct employees in the U.S. in 2012, meaning a total payroll of about $2.1 billion, compared to Ford's 80,000 U.S. employees supplying their 3,300 dealerships and Chrysler's 71,100 U.S. employees supplying their 2,328 dealerships. The development of self-powered vehicles was accompanied by numerous technologies and components giving rise to numerous supplier firms and associated industries. Various types of energy sources were employed by early automobiles including steam, electric, and gasoline. Thousands of entrepreneurs were involved in developing, assembling, and marketing of early automobiles on a small and local scale. Increasing sales facilitated production on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13572509", "score": "1.1159935", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "development facility, a presence in Thailand was established, the 10 millionth model was produced, a Deming Prize, and partnerships with Hino Motors and Daihatsu were also established. The first Toyota built outside Japan was in April 1963, in Melbourne, Australia. From 1963 until 1965, Australia was Toyota's biggest export market. By the end of the decade, Toyota had established a worldwide presence, as the company had exported its one-millionth unit. The first Japanese vehicles to arrive in North America were five Land Cruisers in El Salvador in May 1953. The first Toyotas sent to Europe were two Toyopet Tiaras sent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134873", "score": "1.1145068", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky", "text": "our U.S. customers back to where the brand was born,\" said Akio Toyoda, president of Toyota Motor Corporation. \"It is also fitting that we chose Kentucky because it was Toyota's first stand-alone plant in America. So in a way, for manufacturing, Kentucky is Toyota's home. It also has some of the most-experienced Toyota team members in the world.\" Daniel Lowry, a spokesperson for the Kentucky Cabinet of Economic Development, gave credit to the high quality of Kentucky's workforce, saying Lexus wanted its best people involved in the first U.S. expansion of the brand's manufacturing. TMMK was designated as a \"zero", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6467413", "score": "1.1144496", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s. Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to making small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an entry-level product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low. Conservative Toyota held on to rear-wheel-drive designs for longer than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418783", "score": "1.1102024", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "aluminium wheel plant in Delta, British Columbia, which currently employs a workforce of roughly 260. Its first vehicle assembly plant, in Cambridge, Ontario, since 1988, now produces Corolla compact cars, Matrix crossover vehicles, and Lexus RX 350 luxury SUVs, with a workforce of 4,300 workers. Its second assembly operation in Woodstock, Ontario, began manufacturing the RAV4 late in 2008. In 2006, Toyota's subsidiary Hino Motors opened a heavy duty truck plant, also in Woodstock, employing 45 people and producing 2000 trucks annually. Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418817", "score": "1.109144", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Toyota Hilux", "text": "line with competitors of the time. In 1991, North American production began at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California (the VIN on these trucks starts with '4T'), however some trucks sold in the United States during the 1991–1995 model years were still manufactured in Japan (VIN starts with 'JT'). The Hilux received a minor facelift in 1991 (for the 1992 model year), which was a minor grille change and the new Toyota emblem that had been recently adopted. It was during this generation that Toyota discontinued the Hilux in the United States, replacing it with the new Tacoma for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4394352", "score": "1.1039499", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Toyota Canada Inc.", "text": "at one of Toyota's 14 plants throughout North America. By comparison, in 2001 only 32.1% of Toyota vehicles sold in Canada were produced in Canada and only 45.1% were produced in North America. In 2017, Toyota Canada Inc. experienced its best year of sales to date with 224,547 vehicles sold, a 3.1% increase in overall annual sales growth. As of December 2013, Toyota, its group companies and dealerships have invested more than CDN $9 Billion in Canada and employ more than 24,000 Canadians from coast-to-coast. Beginning September 2014, Toyota celebrated its 50th Anniversary in Canada. The anniversary festivities began with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6729123", "score": "1.1008735", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "lawsuit involving unintended acceleration in some of its vehicles. History of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134876", "score": "1.1008711", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936. Early vehicles bear a striking resemblance to the Dodge Power Wagon and Chevrolet, with some parts actually interchanging with their American originals. Although the Toyota Group is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms, which are now computerized, and electric sewing machines which are available, worldwide. Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. Although the founding family's name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134868", "score": "1.1002018", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "Institute in 1981, as Sakichi Toyoda had planned to establish a university as soon as he and Toyota became successful. Toyota Technological Institute founded the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago in 2003. Toyota is supporter of the Toyota Driving Expectations Program, Toyota Youth for Understanding Summer Exchange Scholarship Program, Toyota International Teacher Program, Toyota TAPESTRY, Toyota Community Scholars (scholarship for high school students), United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Internship Program, and Toyota Funded Scholarship. It has contributed to a number of local education and scholarship programs for the University of Kentucky, Indiana, and others. In 2004, Toyota showcased its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418855", "score": "1.0998839", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Toyota, Aichi", "text": "its major employer, the city of changed its name to Toyota on January 1, 1959. Toyota became a sister city with Detroit, Michigan, United States in 1960. It continued to expand by annexing the towns of Kamigo (Hekikai District) on March 1, 1964, and Takaoka (Hekikai District) on September 1, 1965, and Sanage (Nishikamo District) on April 1, 1967, as well as the village of Matsudaira (Higashikamo District) on April 1, 1970. In 1979 the Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) opened the Toyota New Line (now Toyota Line), and in 1988: The Aichi Loop Line was opened, thus considerably improving access to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2157700", "score": "1.099635", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Torrance, California", "text": "in Public Radio International who was the son of Toyota's first American-based accountant, the Japanese corporate presence in Torrance, beginning with Toyota, attracted many ethnic Japanese. Toyota moved its operations to its Torrance campus in 1982 because of its proximity to the Port of Long Beach and Los Angeles International Airport, and it was followed by many other Japanese companies. In 2014 Toyota announced it was moving its U.S. headquarters to Plano, Texas. As of 1992 about 60% of the Korean population in the South Bay region lived in Torrance and Gardena. In 1990, 5,888 ethnic Koreans lived in Torrance,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1020193", "score": "1.0955969", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France. A youth-oriented marque for North America, Scion, was introduced in 2003. Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005 but slid to 55th for 2011. The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008. In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-sized truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. \"Motor Trend\" named the Tundra \"Truck of the Year\", and the 2007 Toyota Camry \"Car", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418788", "score": "1.0934694", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "new Tundra, to go after the large truck market in the United States. Toyota is also pushing hybrid vehicles in the US such as the Prius, Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and various Lexus products. Currently, Toyota has no plans to offer diesel motor options in its North American products, including the light-duty pickup trucks. In 1963, Australia was one of the first countries to assemble Toyotas outside Japan. However, in February 2014, Toyota was the last of Australia's major automakers to announce the end of production in Australia. The closure of Toyota's Australian plant was completed on October 3, 2017,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418819", "score": "1.0904222", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Toyota", "text": "most; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front-wheel-drive cars in 1983, behind Nissan and Honda. In part due to this, Nissan's Sunny managed to squeeze by the Corolla in numbers built that year. In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a joint venture with General Motors called the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, NUMMI, operating an automobile-manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "418784", "score": "1.0897886", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Toyota Canada Inc.", "text": "– the first Toyota plant outside Japan that has ever won this award. Toyota also operates several parts manufacturing operations in Canada including Canadian Auto Parts Toyota, Inc. (CAPTIN), a wholly owned subsidiary of TMC which manufactures aluminum alloy wheels for the global market. Established in Delta, British Columbia in 1983, this 24,645 m2 facility produced approximately 1.7 million aluminum alloy wheels and employed 310 people in 2013. In August 2011, CAPTIN and the University of British Columbia announced a partnership to refine the manufacturing process for water-cooled die casting to produce stronger, lighter and lower-cost aluminum wheels. Toyota Canada’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6729127", "score": "1.0897356", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States", "text": "half of Toyota-branded vehicles sold in the United States come from American plants. Conversely, all Scions were imported from Japan or Mexico (iA only). Many Lexus-branded models are imported from Japan or Canada (RX only). Some are assembled in Lexington, Kentucky (ES only). During the late 1970s, Volkswagen of America commenced production of the MkI Golf (sold in the US as the Rabbit including its utility variant (marketed in Europe as the Caddy and the US and the Rabbit Sportruck) at its Westmoreland, Pennsylvania assembly plant until the plant ceased operations in the early 1980s. North American production after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7989214", "score": "1.0885482", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Toyota Corolla", "text": "\"E\", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes. Corollas are manufactured in Japan at the original Toyota Takaoka location built in 1966. Various production facilities have been built in Brazil, (Indaiatuba, São Paulo), Canada (Cambridge, Ontario), China (Tianjin), India (Bangalore), Pakistan (Karachi), South Africa (Durban), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey and Venezuela. Production has previously been carried out in Australia (Victoria), New Zealand (Thames) and the United Kingdom (Derbyshire). Production in the United States (at NUMMI in Fremont, California) ended in March 2010. Production resumed the following year after the Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi plant was opened in November 2011", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3292456", "score": "1.0798687", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "NUMMI", "text": "in 1984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. GM saw the joint venture as an opportunity to learn about lean manufacturing from the Japanese company, while Toyota gained its first manufacturing base in North America and a chance to implement its Taylorism-inspired production system in an American labor environment, avoiding possible import restrictions. GM employees went to Toyota's Takaoka plant in Japan and improved production at NUMMI, Spring Hill and other sites, particularly after Jack Smith spread the program. Up to May 2010, NUMMI built an average of 6000 vehicles a week, or nearly eight million cars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3385768", "score": "1.0785887", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "History of Toyota", "text": "was written in the Kanji \"豊田\" (rendered as \"Toyoda\"), the company name was changed to a similar word in katakana - トヨタ (rendered as \"Toyota\") because the latter has 8 strokes which is regarded as a lucky number in East Asian culture. Since Kanji are essentially Chinese characters, in Chinese speaking markets, the company and its vehicles are still referred to by the original Kanji name (), but with Chinese pronunciation. During the Pacific War (World War II) the company was dedicated to truck production for the Imperial Japanese Army. Because of severe shortages in Japan, military trucks were kept", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134869", "score": "1.0777521", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Toyota", "long_answer": "From September 1947, Toyota's small-sized vehicles were sold under the name \"Toyopet\" (トヨペット). The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA, but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck, Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word \"Toyopet (Japanese article)\" was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s.", "chunked_long_answer": "Toyopet SA, but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck, Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word \"Toyopet (Japanese article)\" was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s.", "short_answers": [ "1957" ] }

[ "Bonhomme Carnaval" ]

[ { "title": "Quebec Winter Carnival", "text": "The Quebec Winter Carnival or the Carnaval de Québec is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year Bonhomme Carnaval, the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Carnival", "text": "million. The Quebec Winter Carnival is the biggest winter-themed Carnival in the world. It depends on snowfall and very cold weather, to keep snowy ski trails in good condition and ice sculptures frozen. The carnival is held during the last days of January and first days of February. In the Ottawa-Gatineau region, Winterlude takes place during February. Most Caribbean islands celebrate Carnival. The largest and most well-known is in Trinidad and Tobago. Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saba, Sint Eustatius (Statia), Sint Maarten, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts, Saint Thomas,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "497557", "score": "1.1143862", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Quebec", "text": "pays\" by Gilles Vigneault is often heard and commonly regarded as Quebec's unofficial anthem. The festivities occur on June 23 and 24 and are celebrated all over Quebec. In cities like Québec and Montréal, great shows are organized in the main public places (such as the Abraham plains, Québec, or Maisonneuve Park, Montréal) where several of the most popular Quebec artists relay each others until late at night. Quebec Quebec (; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9141485", "score": "1.1099603", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Bon Soo Winter Carnival", "text": "Montreal Carnivale. The carnivale is named after its mascot Bon Soo, created by Ken MacDougall. Bon Soo Winter Carnival The Bon Soo Winter Carnival is an annual winter carnival in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. The carnival, held every February, began in , and has grown to become one of Ontario's top 50 festivals as well as Canada's second largest winter carnival next to the Montreal Carnivale in Quebec. The festival features a diverse program of outdoor and indoor sports and activity events, as well as cultural activities including concerts, ice sculptures, and a polar bear swim. The Bon Soo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9597253", "score": "1.1042832", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Montreal Winter Carnivals", "text": "showcase Canadian sports and outdoor activities unique to Montreal. The goals behind such an endeavor was specifically said to be recreational, touristic, and economic, as well as having an additional influence on the establishment of Canadian national identity. On average, roughly 50,00 spectators would arrive for the week in late January or early February, a large percentage of whom were from the United States and Europe, all wishing to view and take part in the activities. Carnivals would last generally six days, and followed a detailed plan that changed little from year to year. Planning for such an event would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17816407", "score": "1.0955975", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "L'International des Feux Loto-Québec", "text": "L'International des Feux Loto-Québec L'International des Feux Loto-Québec, also known as the Montreal Fireworks Festival, is the most prestigious and largest fireworks festival in the world. (It was formerly known as \"Le Mondial SAQ\", and \"l'International Benson & Hedges\".) It has been held yearly in La Ronde over the Dolphins lake, since 1985, and is named after its main sponsor, Loto-Québec. It hosts an estimated 3 million spectators each year, with approximately 6,000 fireworks set off during each show. Each summer, eight or nine pyrotechnical companies from different countries present a 30-minute-long \"pyromusical\" show, competing for the Gold, Silver and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5720597", "score": "1.0888926", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Carifiesta", "text": "name of Montreal Carnival Vibration. The Conflict Started When their float broke down and no one from the \"Caribbean Cultural Festivities Association\" took responsibility to resolve the issue. A Carifiesta junior carnival, for kids aged 2 to 16, is held one week prior to the main parade, and is intended to introduce children to Caribbean culture. The day after the main parade, is the Carifiesta Cooldown, held at Parc Jean-Drapeau, which is a family oriented event featuring performances by local and international guest artists. 2017 will be the 5th year that the junior carnival has taken place. The parade officially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16636939", "score": "1.0798594", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Quebec", "text": "Presented outdoors under a tent or in venues similar to the Montreal Casino, the circuses attract large crowds both in Quebec and abroad. In the manner of touring companies of the Renaissance, the clowns, street performers, minstrels, or troubadours travel from city to city to play their comedies. Although they may appear randomly from time to time during the year, they are always visible in the cultural events such as the Winterlude in Gatineau, the Quebec Winter Carnival, the Gatineau Hot Air Balloon Festival, the Quebec City Summer Festival, the Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal and the Festival of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9141472", "score": "1.0614741", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Vilanova i la Geltrú", "text": "Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty the King Carnival) also known as the \"king of the senseless\" celebrated for his prodigious sexual prowess and devastating satire. Up to a third of the population participates in Les Comparses, a couples dance in which rival groups hurl hard candies at one another in what is called the Sweet War. Children are given a day off school to celebrate Dijous Gras (Fat Thursday) during which they celebrate the Merengada, a day long orgy of eating and fighting with sticky sweet meringue, leaving a sticky residue throughout the town. While many of the acts of carnaval", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6697025", "score": "1.0572083", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Flag of Quebec", "text": "Flag of Quebec The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé (the Lily-flowered) represents the province of Quebec. It was adopted by the government of Quebec during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building of the National Assembly in Quebec City. Quebec's Flag Day (January 21) commemorates its adoption each year, though for some time it was celebrated in May. At least one parade marked the flag's 60th anniversary in January 2008. Article 2 of \"An Act respecting the flag and emblems of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1619508", "score": "1.040973", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "L'International des Feux Loto-Québec", "text": "Sainte-Hélène, they can easily be seen from many points in the Montreal area: elsewhere on Île Sainte-Hélène; Longueuil; on the Jacques Cartier Bridge, which is closed to traffic from around 8 p.m. until the end of the show; the Old Port of Montreal; or locations along the side or on a boat on the Saint Lawrence River. L'International des Feux Loto-Québec L'International des Feux Loto-Québec, also known as the Montreal Fireworks Festival, is the most prestigious and largest fireworks festival in the world. (It was formerly known as \"Le Mondial SAQ\", and \"l'International Benson & Hedges\".) It has been held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5720600", "score": "1.0388116", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mondial des Cultures", "text": "and the festival rapidly became a reference in the Québec Folklore, in North America and around the world. Twenty-seven years later, some 90 countries have been represented through dance and music performed by more than 430 different artistic groups. In 1998, a shift began with the change of name, to upgrade the image of the event and also to expand the programming, and focus more and more on the younger public and families. Immersed in an ocean of summer festivals and attractions of all kinds, the Mondial des Cultures has managed to distinguish itself by its content and its product.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13452080", "score": "1.0333316", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Montreal Winter Carnivals", "text": "historians suggest, the Montreal Winter Carnivals lacked the spirit of local culture that had made carnivals popular within the city, but had rather they had become far too commercial. Montreal Winter Carnivals Montreal Winter Articles were week-long social and recreational festivals held during the 1880s in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Organized largely by the city's sporting clubs, the Winter Carnivals were centered on winter sports and other activities such as tobogganing and snowshoeing. More than this however, the carnivals helped to establish Montreal as a winter destination during the late nineteenth century. The Montreal Winter Carnivals were held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17816414", "score": "1.0328393", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Carifiesta", "text": "Carifiesta Carifiesta () is an annual Caribbean Carnival held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was established in 1974, and is held in July. The event is coordinated by the \"Caribbean Cultural Festivities Association\", a nonprofit organization. Carifiesta was established prior to some Carnivals that take place in the Caribbean, Cayman Carnival Batabano for example. The main feature of the carnival is a parade along Saint-Catherine Street with people representing various countries in the Caribbean. Flatbed trucks carry disk jockeys playing turntables. Soca music and calypso music are played on speakers. The participants in the parade, dressed in colorful costumes, wave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16636937", "score": "1.0260463", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Flag of Quebec", "text": "Québec\" confers the status of national emblem () to the flag of Québec. The \"Fleurdelisé\" takes its white cross from the ancient royal flags of France. Its white fleurs-de-lis (symbols of purity) and blue field (symbolizing Heaven) come from a banner honouring the Virgin Mary. One such was reputedly carried by French Canadian militia at General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm's victory at Carillon. The flag is blazoned \"Azure, a cross between four fleurs-de-lis argent\". Its horizontal symmetry allows both sides of the flag to show the same image. The flag's official ratio is 2:3 (width to length), but the flag is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1619509", "score": "1.0247822", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Culture of Quebec", "text": "\"Festival en chanson de Petite-Vallée\", the Montreal International Jazz Festival, the \"Granby International Song Festival\", the \"International Festival of Rhythms of the World\" in Saguenay, the Festival Western de Saint-Tite, the Montreal FrancoFolies festival, the Mondial des Cultures of Drummondville, the White Nights of Anse de Roche, Woodstock en Beauce, etc. Other festivals join music to fireworks, such as Grand Feux Loto-Québec at the Montmorency Falls, Quebec City, the International Loto-Québec Firework at amusement park La Ronde, Montreal, or the \"Grands Feux du Casino\" in the park of Lac-Leamy in Gatineau. Quebec theatre was largely based on plays originating in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2350909", "score": "1.0240059", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Quebec", "text": "\"Québec Place\" in Paris and the statue \"Québec Libre!\" (free Quebec!) by Armand Vaillancourt in San Francisco. The Montreal School of Fine Arts forms the painters, printmakers and sculptors of Quebec. Various buildings reflect the architectural heritage that characterizes Quebec, such as religious buildings, city halls, houses of large estates, and other locations throughout the province. Several circus troupes were created in recent decades, the most important being without any doubt the Cirque du Soleil. Among these troops are contemporary, travelling and on-horseback circuses, such as Les 7 Doigts de la Main, Cirque Éloize, Cavalia, \"Kosmogonia\", \"Saka\" and Cirque \"Akya\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9141471", "score": "1.0231166", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Fierté Montréal", "text": "Fierté Montréal Fierté Montréal, also called Montreal Pride, was founded in 2007 at the initiative of Montreal’s LGBTQ communities after the city's prior Pride festival, Divers/Cité, repositioned itself as a general arts and music festival. A major event of Pride Montreal includes the annual Montreal Pride Parade. Montreal Pride is the largest LGBTQ festival in Canada and the largest LGBTQ gathering in the francophone world. Active year-round, Montreal Pride supports local LGBTQ communities and advocates on behalf of LGBTQ people living in countries that are hostile toward LGBTQ rights. From August 10 to 20, 2017, the festival’s special edition Canada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14334702", "score": "1.0203382", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Montreal Winter Carnivals", "text": "of the carnival, most notably curling, skating, hockey, snowshoeing, tobogganing and even lacrosse in one year (despite being a summer sport.) Tobogganing in particular was heavily emphasized during the Carnival because it was a sport that was not only uniquely Canadian, but also could be the majority of social classes. Women were encouraged to freely participate in tobogganing provided a man was steering (or commanding) the toboggan, and velvet seats in fact could be added in order to increase comfort and make the activity more \"feminine\". While all social classes could technically find a hill and toboggan, clubs such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17816409", "score": "1.0151316", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Montreal Winter Carnivals", "text": "Montreal Winter Carnivals Montreal Winter Articles were week-long social and recreational festivals held during the 1880s in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Organized largely by the city's sporting clubs, the Winter Carnivals were centered on winter sports and other activities such as tobogganing and snowshoeing. More than this however, the carnivals helped to establish Montreal as a winter destination during the late nineteenth century. The Montreal Winter Carnivals were held in 1883, 1884, 1885, 1887, and 1889. Originally conceived of by Robert D. McGibbon, a lawyer and member of the Montreal Snow Shoe Club, these carnivals were meant to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17816406", "score": "1.0145351", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Montreal West, Quebec", "text": "nearby Percival park. The final event of the evening is the fireworks, which take place around 10pm at Hodgson Field. Annually on June 23 (the day before the actual holiday) there is a picnic at Davies Park, featuring music performed by Québécois musicians. In the late evening, a large bonfire is held in the centre of the park. The Garbage Bowl is a yearly tradition held every January 1 since 1950, where men from Montreal West separate into two teams, the Northern Combines in red longjohns and the Southern Bombers in green longjohns, and play a football game in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5643701", "score": "1.0124735", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Flag of Quebec City", "text": "the following meaning: Flag of Quebec City The flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12, 1987. The flag depicts a golden yellow ship on a deep blue field surrounded by a crenelated white border representing its unique city walls. The border also signifies the fortified city its founder came from, Brouage in Saintonge, France. The ship is Samuel de Champlain's ship, the \"Don de Dieu\", a reminder of the city's founder. The outward sails symbolizes the bravery and strength of the population. The ship also signifies the city as being a major seaport in North America. The heraldic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8358156", "score": "1.0108687", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day", "text": "et fière!\" (English: \"Happy Saint-Jean-Baptiste to one and all and especially the feeling of being an integral part of this diverse and proud Quebec community!\"). In 2017, there was a controversy at the Fête nationale parade when a float featuring white performers was performing a popular Québécois anthem, and pushed by several black youths dressed in beige. Spectators interpreted the sight as racist, and symbolic of slavery. Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day () is a holiday celebrated on June 24 in the Canadian province of Quebec and by French Canadians across Canada and the United States. It was brought to Canada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "807169", "score": "1.0092363", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Quebec", "text": "France, Patriots and French Canadian, then replaced by \"O Canada\". Currently, the song \"Gens du pays\" is by far preferred by many Quebecers to be the national anthem of Quebec. The Association québécoise de l'industrie du disque, du spectacle et de la vidéo (ADISQ) was created in 1978 to promote the music industry in Quebec. The Orchestre symphonique de Québec and the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal are respectively associated with the Opéra de Québec and the Opéra de Montreal whose performances are presented at the Grand Théâtre de Québec and at Place des Arts. The \"Ballets Jazz de Montreal\", the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9141462", "score": "1.007729", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Quebec City International Festival of Military Bands", "text": "City Military Tattoo was an annual military tattoo that took place in Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec. Part of the Quebec City International Festival of Military Bands (FIMMQ), since 2005 the Quebec City Military Tattoo staged colourful and exotic performances, presenting a music show with choreographies and multi-media effects. This event gathered all the countries that participated at the FIMMQ. Military bands presented a stunning gathering of massed pipes and drums which could count 1200 musicians. Before this tattoo, the first show to be held in Quebec City was in 1967 as part of Canadian Armed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11928484", "score": "1.006459", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Carnival Band (Canadian band)", "text": "attention to the issues of homelessness in our city. The band also performed for the Place de la Francophonie on Granville Island on many dates spanning the two weeks of the Olympics. At the Place de la Francophonie, they had to opportunity to collaborate with Big Nazo from Providence, Rhode Island. The band also collaborated with othersover the course of the Olympics, including the activists, the Bright Lights Project and the City of Vancouver's celebration to acknowledge the contribution of artists, fabricators and other contributors. The band also hosted its first (and only) 12 hour long \"buskathon\" at the Vancouver", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8934072", "score": "1.0046104", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day", "text": "Labour Standards\". In 1977, an Order in Council by Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe, on the advice of René Lévesque, declared June 24 the national holiday in Quebec. The following year, the National Holiday Organizing Committee () was created. The committee initially entrusted the organization of the events to the \"Société des festivals populaires du Québec\". In 1984, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the SSJB, the organization of the celebrations was entrusted to the \"Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois\" (MNQ). By making it a statutory holiday, the day became a holiday for all Quebecers rather than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "807162", "score": "1.0039023", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Quebec City Summer Festival", "text": "Quebec City Summer Festival The FEQ (\"Festival d'été de Québec\" in French) is an annual 11-day music festival in downtown Quebec City normally starting on the first Thursday of July. With its 132,000 passes sold, a total attendance of about 1.5 million festival-goers year in year out and its hundreds of performances spread over a dozen venues, the festival has established itself as a major player on the music festival circuit. Its main stage ( the largest of its kind in North America ) is located on the historic Plains of Abraham with a site capacity of over 100,000 (102,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10260728", "score": "1.0037727", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Quebec City", "text": "Winter Carnival, its summer music festival and its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations. The Jardin zoologique du Québec, now closed, reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shuttering in 2006. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also featured several species of mammals. While it emphasized Quebec's indigenous fauna, one of its main attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from regions surrounding the Indian Ocean. Parc Aquarium du Québec, which reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the Saint Lawrence River, features more than 10,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "970366", "score": "1.0031748", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "L'Assemblée des six-comtés (painting)", "text": "symbol of the French Canadians of the time (they have now been discarded by their modern-day Québécois and Quebec nationalist successors because of their appropriation by the Canadian federation). In the same section is the Coat of arms of Quebec, leaning upon the wooden stage structure (one anachronistic detail, as this version, contemporary to the painting's execution, is the first arms of Quebec post-Confederation, granted in 1868). The crowd, mesmerized and invigorated at the same time by Papineau's much celebrated oratory skills, holds many signs reading nationalist and independence slogans. Many in attendance wear the tuques and ceintures fléchées belts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9043719", "score": "1.002394", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Quebec Winter Carnival", "long_answer": "The Quebec Winter Carnival or the Carnaval de Québec is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year Bonhomme Carnaval, the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Quebec Winter Carnival or the Carnaval de Québec is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year Bonhomme Carnaval, the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world.", "short_answers": [ "Bonhomme Carnaval" ] }

[ "2019" ]

[ { "title": "Dancing on Ice", "text": "It was confirmed on 25 January 2018, that Dancing on Ice had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice", "text": "Dancing on Ice Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skating in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the show's contract was not renewed by ITV. On 4 September 2017, it was announced that a revived series would air on ITV from 7 January 2018 with Schofield and Willoughby returning as hosts alongside a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6831967", "score": "1.0438536", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice", "text": "Willoughby or Christine Bleakley stood to speak to them and the couples. The ice rink measured 30 × 15m. For the 2018 revival series the show was relocated to a purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon. Dancing on Ice Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skating in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6832001", "score": "1.0342187", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Carmen on Ice", "text": "Carmen on Ice Carmen on Ice is a 1990 dance film with a choreography for figure skaters made in Germany. The music is based on the opera \"Carmen\" by Georges Bizet in an orchestral version arranged especially for this film. In contrast to figure skating movies of former times, \"Carmen on Ice\" is a film without spoken dialogue, which is an innovation in the history of figure skating. The story of \"Carmen on Ice\" is very similar to the opera \"Carmen\". Analogous to the four-act opera libretto the screenplay has four parts: \"Carmen on Ice\" was filmed in Spain and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15872176", "score": "1.0277458", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 3)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 3) The third series of Dancing on Ice aired from 13 January to 16 March 2008 on ITV. The show moved from Saturday nights to Sunday nights, with Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returning to present. Karen Barber, Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner and Robin Cousins returned to the \"Ice Panel\", with Ruthie Henshall joining the panel as a replacement for Natalia Bestemianova. The commissioning of the series was first confirmed by Schofield at the 2007 BAFTA Awards. It was announced that Bestemianova would depart the series. Robin Cousins, Karen Barber, Nicky Slater and Jason Gardiner announced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12945256", "score": "1.0233209", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 6)", "text": "lowest skating score of the week. \"—\" indicates the couple that did not skate that week This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30 points scale (the doubled scores for the team challenge in week 7 are not included). Vanilla Ice was knocked unconscious after slipping on a lift and hitting his head on the ice. Jennifer Metcalfe cut her thigh with her own skate blade. Viewing figures from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 6) The sixth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 9 January to 27 March 2011 on ITV. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15068168", "score": "1.0183403", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 2)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 2) The second series of Dancing on Ice aired from 20 January to 17 March 2007 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the \"Ice Panel\", consisting of Nicky Slater, Natalia Bestemianova (who replaced Karen Kresge), Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean coached and trained the contestants. In this series, eleven celebrities competed, compared to ten in the first series. The series was won by former rugby star Kyran Bracken, with Melanie Lambert as the professional winner. It was announced that Karen Kresge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9367370", "score": "1.0132248", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie", "text": "Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie (English: \"Stars Are Dancing on Ice\") is a Polish light entertainment reality television series broadcast by TVP2. It is the Polish version of the ITV's popular \"Dancing on Ice\". The 1st season of \"Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie\" aired in Poland on TVP2 in the autumn of 2007, the 2nd in the spring of 2008, the 3rd season in the autumn of 2008. Each week the celebrities and their partners perform a live ice dance routine. The four judges judge each performance and give a mark between 0.0 and 10.0, depending on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15556620", "score": "1.0065024", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "On Ice (film)", "text": "On Ice (film) On Ice is a Mickey Mouse cartoon released in 1935. The cartoon revolves around three different storylines that all take place on a frozen lake during wintertime. In the first, Mickey helps Minnie learn how to skate. The second storyline has Goofy attempting to catch fish by dropping tobacco into the water and making the fish come up to spit. Donald pulls a prank on Pluto by putting ice skates on his feet and luring him out onto the ice in the third one. The subplots come together when Donald skates around with a kite on his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9190004", "score": "1.0060785", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 1)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 1) The first series of Dancing on Ice aired from 14 January to 4 March 2006 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the \"Ice Panel\", consisting of Nicky Slater, Karen Kresge, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean coached and trained the contestants. The Judging Panel was announced in 2005 as Nicky Slater, Karen Kresge, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Cousins was announced as head judge. Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield was announced as hosts in 2005 with Jayne Torvill and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12073065", "score": "1.005887", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (Greece)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (Greece) Dancing on Ice is a Greek reality TV show. The show features celebrities paired with professionals from the world of figure skating. The show is based on the British show, \"Dancing on Ice\". The show has a schedule similar to the reality TV show \"Dancing with the Stars\" with performance shows on Sundays nights. Jenny Balatsinou serves as host while Petros Kostopoulos, Elena Paparizou, and Alexis Kostalas serve on the judging panel. The show premiered on 6 November 2011. The contestants for the first season were: \"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15932456", "score": "1.0050267", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice around the world", "text": "started on March 7, 2008 on TVP2 Third Polish edition started on October 3, 2008 on TVP2. The Russian version of \"Dancing on Ice\" (Танцы на льду) is being aired on Rossiya TV channel since September 2006, and was renamed in 2008 to \"Star Ice\" (). Its counterpart called \"Ice Age\" (, initially \"Stars on Ice\" - Звёзды на льду) is being broadcast on Channel One. The Slovak version of \"Dancing on Ice\" (Hviezdy na ľade) is aired since September 2006 on TV JOJ. The Turkish version of \"Dancing on Ice\" is called \"Buzda Dans\" (\"Dance on Ice\") started on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9511158", "score": "1.0019394", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice", "text": "ITV's show was given a January premiere amidst network doubts about its viability but became a surprise hit in Britain, where it became the third highest rated television show of 2006. It attained an impressive 13 million viewers for the final in March. Britain's best-known ice-skating duo and former Olympic champions Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean help to train the aspiring dancers, and also appear throughout the show with comments and advice. Head Coach Karen Barber also trains the skaters for the live show. From the beginning, Torvill and Dean opened every episode with a performance, with the exception of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6831969", "score": "0.99311733", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice around the world", "text": "and drew a bigger audience than its Dutch-Belgian counterpart. In 2007, a second series of \"Dancing On Ice\" aired in the Netherlands. This time the stars were all Dutch (except Dieter Troubleyn, he's Flemish, but is known in the Netherlands). Martijn Krabbé returns to present the show. John Williams (contestant of the first series) will co-host. Joan Haanappel and Sjoukje Dijkstra return in the jury. Chris de la Haye is a new member of the jury. In 2007 the first series of Isdans aired in Norway. Jury First Polish edition started on September 28, 2007 on TVP2 Second Polish edition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9511157", "score": "0.99265385", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ice (Kelly Rowland song)", "text": "Booth wrote that Rowland \"uses a synth-driven and stripper-friendly beat from producer Detail to set the mood, letting the world know that her man’s love is so good it gives her the chills\". Lyrically, on the song, Rowland instructs her male lover on how to properly use an ice cube on her naked body. She sings: \"When you come and lay between it this time / Take the ice cube (boy you know what) / Sit it right below my navel and watch what I do / And that’s my favorite angle / My legs are numb now / Your", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16637625", "score": "0.99133", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice around the world", "text": "Dancing on Ice around the world Dancing on Ice is a British made dance competition television series franchise produced around the world. The format, devised by London Weekend Television and Granada Television for ITV, has been a prime-time hit in eight different countries, including Britain and subsequently in Italy and Chile. In Australia, where it was titled \"Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice\", it was axed after just one series owing to production costs. There have been a total of 43 winners of \"Dancing on Ice\" around the world. In Argentina, the show was broadcast on Channel 13 as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9511152", "score": "0.9907497", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice", "text": "the insight to the training of the celebrities over the last week. It was presented by television presenter Ben Shephard and former contestant and \"Loose Women\" star Coleen Nolan. The show was broadcast from 8 pm to 8.30 pm on Friday evenings on ITV throughout the duration of the main shows season. STV who broadcast the main show did not broadcast this on the Friday evening but after repeating the previous week's main show on the following Saturday afternoon. Due to poor ratings, \"Dancing on Ice Friday\" was axed prior to the 2011 series. The show was based in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6831999", "score": "0.9892055", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ice (Kelly Rowland song)", "text": "lovin’ be givin’ me chills\". During the chorus, Rowland sings: \"You're like ice, I-C-E / Feels so nice, scorching me\". Wayne obliges Rowland with a few double-entrendres in his sexualized verse, \"Uh, ice, ice baby / Shake that a — just like dice baby / You hot and I’m Tunechi / I beat the cat, animal cruelty\". \" Wayne continues rapping: \"Pillow under her stomach, the other pillow she bite / Would you like anything? Cause I'll do anything you like\". \"Ice\" received positive reviews from most music critics. Erika Ramirez of \"Billboard\" magazine wrote that \"The slow winding song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16637626", "score": "0.98216426", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ice on Fire", "text": "Ice on Fire Ice on Fire, released in November 1985, is the nineteenth studio album release for Elton John. Recorded at Sol Studios, it was his first album since \"Blue Moves\" produced by his original long-time producer, Gus Dudgeon, who was responsible for John's success in that timespan, but it was met with little praise, and only reached #48 on the US charts, although it reached #3 in the UK. George Michael, then of Wham!, appears on two tracks on the album: \"Nikita\" and \"Wrap Her Up\". David Paton and Charlie Morgan appear for the first time on bass and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5776244", "score": "0.97865736", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie (season 2)", "text": "Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie (season 2) The 2nd season of Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie, the Polish edition of \"Dancing on Ice\", started on March 7, 2008 and ended on May 23, 2008. It was broadcast by TVP2. Tatiana Okupnik and Maciej Kurzajewski as the hosts, and the judges were: Dorota Rabczewska, Włodzimierz Szaranowicz, Maria Zuchowicz and Igor Kryszyłowicz. \"Individual judges scores in charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Włodzimierz Szaranowicz, Dorota Rabczewska, Igor Kryszyłowicz, Maria Zuchowicz.\" Skate OFF \"Individual judges scores in charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15717906", "score": "0.97742224", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 5)", "text": "public votes combined. Judges' votes to save In the skate-off, Danniella and Gary were found to be in the bottom two with both the judges' scores and public votes combined. Judges' votes to save Dancing on Ice Series 5 was made available on DVD from 12 April 2010 in the United Kingdom. The DVD only featured highlights from the series, including interviews and previously unseen footage. Dancing on Ice (series 5) The fifth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 10 January to 28 March 2010 on ITV, with a preview show on 8 January 2010. Phillip Schofield and Holly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14334511", "score": "0.97654784", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 5)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 5) The fifth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 10 January to 28 March 2010 on ITV, with a preview show on 8 January 2010. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned as main presenters, while Karen Barber, Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner and Robin Cousins returned to the \"Ice Panel\". Emma Bunton joined the panel as a replacement for Ruthie Henshall. Barber acted as head judge for weeks 6 and 7 due to Cousins commentating on the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, with Michael Ball and Angela Rippon appearing as guest judges in these weeks. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14334508", "score": "0.97573394", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice around the world", "text": "a larger field of contestants. Charlotte Engelhardt (Season 1 Second) acts in assistant role and Elton serves again as comedy sidekick. Nina Bott entered after the first show replacing Janaína Zarrella due to her broken ellbow. The Italian version of Dancing on Ice (Notti sul ghiaccio) was aired on the channel Rai 1. In September 2006 Dutch broadcaster RTL 4 and Belgian broadcaster vtm started a combined Dutch-Belgian version of \"Dancing On Ice\". The show featured 5 Dutch and 5 Belgian stars, who were paired up with several Dutch, Belgian and foreign ice skaters from \"Holiday on Ice\". The show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9511155", "score": "0.9756342", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 4)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 4) The fourth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 11 January to 22 March 2009 on ITV. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned as main presenters, while Karen Barber, Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner, Ruthie Henshall and Robin Cousins returned to the \"Ice Panel\". The final took place on Sunday 22 March 2009 and was won by Ray Quinn. It was announced that Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner, Ruthie Henshall, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins would all return for the fourth series, and Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield returned as hosts whilel Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12563720", "score": "0.97445494", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ice Ice Baby", "text": "in the \"13 Going on 30\" in the movie. In 2010, the song was featured in the \"Glee\" episode \"Bad Reputation\" as performed by Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison). Ice Ice Baby \"Ice Ice Baby\" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice, K. Kennedy and DJ Earthquake. It was based on the bassline of \"Under Pressure\" by Queen and David Bowie, who did not initially receive songwriting credit or royalties until after it had become a hit. Originally released on Vanilla Ice's 1989 debut album \"Hooked\" and later on his 1990 national debut \"To the Extreme\", it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061474", "score": "0.9696858", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ice Ice Baby", "text": "it to a mainstream audience. \"Entertainment Weekly\" reviewer Mim Udovitch wrote that \"[Vanilla Ice] probably would have scored with his hit rap single 'Ice Ice Baby' even if he hadn't been white. There's just something about the way its hook – a sample from Queen and David Bowie's 'Under Pressure' — grabs you and flings you out onto the dance floor.\" \"Network 40\" wrote: \"Like Mellow Man Ace, the rap melts slowly and is as much a mood piece as it is a cruising tune. A motocross champion from Dallas via Miami, the 22-year-old Ice says it's time to chill", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061467", "score": "0.96949804", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Yuri on Ice", "text": "the twelfth episode, he said that the scene in which Victor cries was the proof he wanted: If the kiss is the initial spark, and the rings the visible sign of love, then the tears are proof that you don't want it to end. I have been saying all the time that what I wanted was text rather than subtext – but in end, I think the subtext did actually pay off. In January 2017 the Hallmark Channel announced the release of a TV movie, \"Love on Ice\", about the relationship between a female figure skater in a career slump", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19420299", "score": "0.9666668", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ice Queen (song)", "text": "finds two links, one saying 'Within Temptation'. She clicks on that link and their concert in Landgraaf in 2001, is shown on her screen. While watching the concert on her computer, she clicks on a couple of links and information on the band appears on her screen. The second video was made for international release. Sharon, the singer, is dancing on a background of a blue, starry sky. She is wearing a white dress and has white extensions in her hair. The other band members are also shown before various backgrounds made with green-screen effects. Such as Robert, the rhythm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9756501", "score": "0.9666188", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ice Ice Baby", "text": "gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Van Winkle's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In the video, Van Winkle is shown rapping the lyrics while he and others dance to the song. Heavy airplay of the video by The Box while Van Winkle was still unknown increased public interest in the song. \"Ice Ice Baby\" was given its own single, released in 1990 by SBK Records in the United States, and EMI Records in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061465", "score": "0.96581507", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dancing on Ice (series 8)", "text": "Dancing on Ice (series 8) Series Eight of Dancing on Ice aired from on 6 January to 10 March 2013 on ITV. Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned as hosts, and Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean serving as mentors to the celebrities. The series was judged by \"The Ice Panel\", consisting of Robin Cousins, Karen Barber, Ashley Roberts and Jason Gardiner. Gardiner returned to replace Louie Spence after departing at the end of series 6 in 2011 and Ashley Roberts joined \"The Ice Panel\" as Katarina Witt's replacement, while Barber rejoined \"The Ice Panel\" after serving as head coach in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16968644", "score": "0.9658065", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Dancing on Ice", "long_answer": "It was confirmed on 25 January 2018, that Dancing on Ice had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019.", "chunked_long_answer": "It was confirmed on 25 January 2018, that Dancing on Ice had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019.", "short_answers": [ "2019" ] }

[ "Paul", "James", "Barnabas", "Simon Peter" ]

[ { "title": "Council of Jerusalem", "text": "At the Council, following advice offered by Simon Peter (Acts 15:7–11 and Acts 15:14), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (Acts 15:12), and the apostle James quoted from the words of the prophet Amos (Acts 15:16–17, quoting Amos 9:11–12). James added his own words to the quotation: \"Known to God from eternity are all His works\" and then submitted a proposal, which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Epistle of Jude", "text": "he wrote his epistle, and to remember the words of the apostles spoken somewhat before. Jude then asks the reader to recall how even after the Lord saved his own people out of the land of Egypt, he did not hesitate to destroy those who fell into unbelief, much as he punished the angels who fell from their original exalted status and Sodom and Gomorrah. He describes in vivid terms the apostates of his day. He exhorts believers to remember the words spoken by the Apostles, using language similar to the second epistle of Peter to answer concerns that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "121997", "score": "0.9364428", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Galatians 2", "text": "truth\". The apostle may have respect to the titles of this kind which were bestowed on the Jewish doctors. It is said, So another of their Rabbins is said to be The character better agrees with these eminent apostles, who when they meaning not so much the grace of the Spirit of God that was wrought in him, or the good work of grace upon his soul, with which the church at Jerusalem, and the apostles there, had been made acquainted some years before; but the grace and high favour of apostleship, which was conferred upon him, and all those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16445543", "score": "0.9196725", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Romans 16", "text": "were common with the Romans; unless it may be thought, as it is by some, that this man was the same with Silas, who was a constant companion of the apostle; and the Hebrew word is the same as \"Tertius\"; he also is numbered among the seventy disciples, and said to be bishop of Iconium; (See Luke 10:1). Whosoever he was, it is certain he was an amanuensis of the apostle, who wrote this letter, either from the apostle's notes, or from his mouth. Some connect this phrase, \"in the Lord\", with the other, \"wrote this epistle\", and make the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18408685", "score": "0.913664", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)", "text": "Epistle to the Galatians. This meeting of the Church in Jerusalem was not a gathering of representatives coming from all areas, like an ecumenical council. It is called the Apostolic Council, because of the participation in it of the apostles. This gives it a character different from the normal pre-ecumenical church councils. It took place around the year 50. In times of greater toleration, Christian leaders felt sufficiently secure to hold councils governing their see or metropolitan area. None of the councils of this period gathered representatives from all the Christian churches, or even from those throughout the Roman Empire.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16027028", "score": "0.9084209", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ)", "text": "Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ) In the Community of Christ, the Council of Twelve Apostles is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy. They are disciples who hold the priesthood office of apostle, and are responsible for the evangelistic witness of the church. Apostles are also high priests in the Melchisedec priesthood of the church. As with all priesthood in the Community of Christ, members of the Council of Twelve are considered to be \"called by God.\" The Prophet-President \"receives\" the call, and after consultation with the other two members of the First Presidency, \"presents\" the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421527", "score": "0.906452", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "John the Apostle", "text": "the Latin gate of Rome, the traditional site of this event. The Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite commemorate the \"Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian\" on September 26. On May 8 they celebrate the \"Feast of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian\", on which date Christians used to draw forth from his grave fine ashes which were believed to be effective for healing the sick. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) teaches that John received the promise of immortality from Jesus Christ, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "505964", "score": "0.9062356", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ)", "text": "member of the Council of Twelve. Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ) In the Community of Christ, the Council of Twelve Apostles is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy. They are disciples who hold the priesthood office of apostle, and are responsible for the evangelistic witness of the church. Apostles are also high priests in the Melchisedec priesthood of the church. As with all priesthood in the Community of Christ, members of the Council of Twelve are considered to be \"called by God.\" The Prophet-President \"receives\" the call, and after consultation with the other two members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421535", "score": "0.9039532", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Council of Jerusalem", "text": "Council of Jerusalem The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50. It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics and Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later ecumenical councils and a key part of Christian ethics. The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the Law of Moses, including the rules concerning circumcision of males. The Council did, however, retain the prohibitions on eating blood, meat containing blood, and meat of animals not properly slain, and on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3224231", "score": "0.8969449", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "John the Apostle", "text": "has been debated since about the year 200. In his \"Ecclesiastical History\", Eusebius says that the First Epistle of John and the Gospel of John are widely agreed upon as his. However, Eusebius mentions that the consensus is that the second and third epistles of John are not his but were written by some other John. Eusebius also goes to some length to establish with the reader that there is no general consensus regarding the revelation of John. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the Book of Revelation. The Gospel according to John differs considerably", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "505944", "score": "0.89560914", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Apostle", "text": "after his resurrection, to spread the message of the Gospel to all nations (). There is also a tradition in the Eastern Churches of \"Seventy Apostles\", derived from the seventy-two disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a \"special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others.\" In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. As of March 31st, 2018, the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church are: M. Russell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15577035", "score": "0.89479446", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Monastery of Saint Mark, Jerusalem", "text": "church by the holy apostles under the name of the Virgin Mary, mother of God, after the ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ into heaven. Renewed after the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in the year A.D. 73.\" There is a large collection of manuscripts written by various Holy fathers of Christianity like that of, Mor Kurillos, Patriarch of Alexandria who presided over the third Universal Synod of Christianity held at Ephesus in AD 431; Mor Severious, Patriarch of Antioch (A.D 538); Mor Gregorios Bar Ebroyo Maphriyono of the East (13th century); Mor Dionysius; Mor Chrysostom (4th century); Mor Aphrem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18242926", "score": "0.89147985", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Apostle (Latter Day Saints)", "text": "the call to bear witness of the truth on all proper occasions. Indeed, every member should have apostolic insight and revelation, and is under obligation to raise the warning voice. (; ) McConkie also explained the meaning of the word \"in the ordained sense\": an apostle is one who is ordained to the office of the Melchizedek Priesthood. Ordinarily those so ordained are also set apart as members of the Council of the Twelve and are given all of the keys of the kingdom of God on earth. This apostleship carries the responsibility of proclaiming the gospel in all the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2286762", "score": "0.8905352", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "2 Corinthians 12", "text": "probable opinion is, that it was not at Damascus, but when he was come again to Jerusalem, and was praying in the temple, and was in a trance or ecstasy, ( Acts 22:17 ), though the difference there is among chronologers, and the uncertainty of their conjectures, both as to the time of the apostle's conversion, and the writing of this epistle, makes it very difficult to determine this point. They that make this rapture to be at the time of his conversion, seem to be furthest off of the truth of things; for whether his conversion be placed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18628659", "score": "0.88964015", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Apostle (Latter Day Saints)", "text": "served in the council of the Twelve as vacancies occurred therein, or whether they were apostles strictly in the sense of being special witnesses for the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus is referred to as an apostle in , a designation meaning that he is the personal and select representative of the Father. Bruce R. McConkie also describes each elder and member of the church as an apostle: Every elder in the Church is or should be an apostle; that is, as a minister of the Lord and as a recipient of personal revelation from the Holy Ghost, every elder has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2286761", "score": "0.88826764", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Apostolic Church of South Africa – Apostle Unity", "text": "Chief Apostle that Jesus Christ would return in his lifetime. Its logo is a four R-symbol, which is also used by the Australian sister church, The Apostolic Church of Queensland. The four \"R\"s stand for: Right, Royal, Righteous and Rich. Right according to the Bible, Royal as the Bride to have membership with Christ, Righteous in partaking of the body and blood of Christ and Rich in the promises Christ gave to his apostles. In 1889, Evangelist Carl George Klibbe arrived in South Africa to begin his mission work for the Apostolic Church. He was ordained as an Apostle in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7244441", "score": "0.8834601", "original_retrieval_index": 56 }, { "title": "Council of Jerusalem", "text": "Apostolic Decree of the Jerusalem Council \"has been obsolete for centuries in the West\", though it is still recognized and observed by the Greek Orthodox Church. Acts 28 Hyperdispensationalists, such as the 20th century Anglican E. W. Bullinger, would be another example of a group that believes the decree (and everything before Acts 28) no longer applies. Council of Jerusalem The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50. It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics and Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3224244", "score": "0.8816336", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "1 Corinthians 3", "text": "his building, and in which he dwells: what the apostle here says of the saints at Corinth, the Jewish doctors say of the Israelites (F14 R. Alshech in Hag. ii. 5.), היכל יהוה אתס, \"the temple of the Lord are ye\"; and which being usually said of them in the apostle's time, he may refer unto; and much better apply to the persons he does, of which the indwelling of the Spirit was the evidence: in particular members, as a spirit of regeneration, sanctification, faith, and adoption, and as the earnest and pledge of their future glory; in their ministers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18455772", "score": "0.8812525", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "New Testament people named John", "text": "that John of Ephesus was regarded from the earliest times as a personal disciple of Jesus and a crucial witness to his life, an author of scripture, an apostle, and a great leader among the churches of Asia; whether he was also the son of Zebedee, one of the Twelve Apostles, is much more doubtful. No such identification is explicit in the early sources, apart from the clearly apocryphal, until the middle of the 3rd century. At most, John of Ephesus is occasionally called \"apostle\", but in those cases the term is certainly not confined to the Twelve, and when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17791646", "score": "0.8807564", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "John the Apostle", "text": "Saint John continued to be made; a case in point is an etching by Jacques Bellange, shown to the right, described by art critic Richard Dorment as depicting 'a softly androgynous creature with a corona of frizzy hair, small breasts like a teenage girl, and the round belly of a mature woman.' John the Apostle John the Apostle ( ; ; Koine Greek: Ἰωάννης; ; Latin: \"Ioannes\"; ) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "505970", "score": "0.8791561", "original_retrieval_index": 64 }, { "title": "Great Apostasy", "text": "— that the pope may speak in the same capacity; this idea was finally defined dogmatically at the First Vatican Council of 1870 and incorporated into doctrine. In contrast, Protestants believe that the Church has only spoken infallibly through the Scriptures since the time of the Apostles, and should not expect to be completely free of error at any time until the end of the world, and rather must remain continually vigilant to maintain a Biblical (and therefore authoritative) doctrine and faith, or else fall away from the Christian faith and become an enemy of the truth. In the Reformed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "862318", "score": "0.8789895", "original_retrieval_index": 65 }, { "title": "Council of Twelve Apostles (Community of Christ)", "text": "believed to enrich both the recipients of the ministry as well as the experience of the apostles' themselves. Most jurisdictions of the Community of Christ hold summertime family camps called \"reunions.\" Apostles usually spend much of their summer attending various reunions. The Council of Twelve Apostles has long been regarded as the primary advocates for the growing international presence of the church and its international witness of Jesus Christ. In addition, the Council has frequently strived to lead the church towards progressive stances on issues such as homosexuality, women in the priesthood, open communion, ecumenism, interfaith dialogue, environmentalism, peace and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421533", "score": "0.87861407", "original_retrieval_index": 67 }, { "title": "Second Council of Ephesus", "text": "the council. In the letter, Leo I referred to his dogmatic letter to Flavian, the Tome of Leo, which he intended the council to accept as a ruling of faith. However, the head notary declared that the emperor's letter should be read first, and Bishop Juvenal of Jerusalem commanded for the letter of the emperor to be presented. It ordered the presence at the council of the anti-Nestorian monk Barsumas. The question of faith was next on the proceedings. Pope (Patriarch of Alexandria) Dioscorus declared that it was not a matter for inquiry but that they had to consider only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7237826", "score": "0.8786", "original_retrieval_index": 68 }, { "title": "Andrew the Apostle", "text": "present at the Last Supper. Andrew was one of the four disciples who came to Jesus on the Mount of Olives to ask about the signs of Jesus' return at the \"end of the age\". Eusebius in his \"Church History\" 3.1 quoted Origen as saying that Andrew preached in Scythia. The Chronicle of Nestor adds that he preached along the Black Sea and the Dnieper river as far as Kiev, and from there he traveled to Novgorod. Hence, he became a patron saint of Ukraine, Romania and Russia. According to tradition, he founded the See of Byzantium (later Constantinople and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15577210", "score": "0.87765753", "original_retrieval_index": 70 }, { "title": "Copts", "text": "prominent figure of the council was the future Patriarch of Alexandria Athanasius, who played the major role in the formulation of the Nicene Creed, recited today in most Christian churches of different denominations. One of the council's decisions was to entrust the Patriarch of Alexandria with calculating and annually announcing the exact date of Easter to the rest of the Christian churches. The Council of Constantinople (381 AD) was presided over by Patriarch Timothy of Alexandria, while the Council of Ephesus (431 AD) was presided over by Cyril of Alexandria. In 451 AD, following the Council of Chalcedon, the Church", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1637776", "score": "0.87555605", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "Catholic ecumenical councils", "text": "Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50. It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics to be the first Ecumenical Council and by Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later ecumenical councils. Both Catholics and Orthodox regard it as expressing a key part of Christian doctrine and moral teaching. The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the Law of Moses, including the rules concerning circumcision of males. The Council did, however, arguably retain prohibitions on eating meat sacrificed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12226572", "score": "0.8745042", "original_retrieval_index": 75 }, { "title": "Apostolic Church of South Africa – Apostle Unity", "text": "Apostolic Church of South Africa – Apostle Unity The Apostolic Church (Apostle Unity) is the South African branch of the United Apostolic Church. It has roots in the Catholic Apostolic Church of the early 19th century. It was founded in 1955 as a schism of the New Apostolic Church. It is part of a branch of Christianity called Irvingism and is separate from Protestantism. It is a member church of the United Apostolic Church, which was founded in Düsseldorf, Germany in 1956 after several apostles of the New Apostolic Church were excommunicated for refusing to accept the teachings of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7244440", "score": "0.8736333", "original_retrieval_index": 76 }, { "title": "Apostles' Creed", "text": "generally of “the resurrection of the \"body\"”. Some have suggested that the Apostles' Creed was spliced together with phrases from the New Testament. For instance, the phrase \"descendit ad inferos\" (\"he descended into hell\") echoes , \"κατέβη εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς\" (\"he descended into the lower earthly regions\"). It is of interest that this phrase first appeared in one of the two versions of Rufinus in AD 390 and then did not appear again in any version of the creed until AD 650. This phrase and that on the communion of saints are articles found in the Apostles'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "33411", "score": "0.87346566", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "Apostle (Latter Day Saints)", "text": "he chose and ordained (John 15:16) to be his closest disciples during his ministry on earth, and whom he sent forth to represent him after his ascension into heaven. The calling of an apostle is to be a special witness of the name of Jesus Christ in all the world, particularly of his divinity and of his bodily resurrection from the dead (; ). Twelve men with this high calling constitute an administrative council in the work of the ministry. When a vacancy occurred with the death of Judas Iscariot, Matthias was divinely appointed to that special office as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2286759", "score": "0.873189", "original_retrieval_index": 79 }, { "title": "Philippians 3", "text": "commenced from all eternity; and is not gotten at all, not by good works, nor repentance, nor faith; for these, if right and genuine, are the fruits and effects of an interest in Christ, but is what is freely given. The apostle's meaning is, either that he might gain or acquire a larger knowledge of Christ; and he cared not what pains he took, what expenses he was at, nor what loss he sustained for what he esteemed the most excellent, and for which he had already suffered the loss of all things; and if he had had more to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18695597", "score": "0.87260187", "original_retrieval_index": 81 } ]

{ "title": "Council of Jerusalem", "long_answer": "At the Council, following advice offered by Simon Peter (Acts 15:7–11 and Acts 15:14), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (Acts 15:12), and the apostle James quoted from the words of the prophet Amos (Acts 15:16–17, quoting Amos 9:11–12). James added his own words to the quotation: \"Known to God from eternity are all His works\" and then submitted a proposal, which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree:", "chunked_long_answer": "At the Council, following advice offered by Simon Peter (Acts 15:7–11 and Acts 15:14), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (Acts 15:12), and the apostle James quoted from the words of the prophet Amos (Acts 15:16–17, quoting Amos 9:11–12). James added his own words to the quotation: \"Known to God from eternity are all His works\" and then submitted a proposal, which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree:", "short_answers": [ "Barnabas", "James", "Paul", "Simon Peter" ] }

[ "Jessica Simpson" ]

[ { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)", "text": "Cousins Bo (Seann William Scott), Luke (Johnny Knoxville), and Daisy Duke (Jessica Simpson) run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse (Willie Nelson) in Hazzard County, Georgia. The cousins' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the \"General Lee\". Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as \"Boss Hogg\" (Burt Reynolds), and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (M. C. Gainey).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Daisy Duke", "text": "Daisy Duke Daisy Duke is a fictional character, played by Catherine Bach, from the American television series \"The Dukes of Hazzard\". She is the cousin of Bo and Luke, the main protagonists of the show, and the three live on a farm on the outskirts of Hazzard County with their Uncle Jesse. Although never mentioned in the series itself, some press material for the show suggests that Daisy's parents, along with Bo and Luke's, were killed in a car accident. However, in the , Daisy says her mother died when she was a baby. Daisy frequently becomes involved in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905509", "score": "1.2460178", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)", "text": "ubiquitous in American culture that skimpy blue jean cutoff shorts are now often simply called \"Daisy Dukes\"). In a film review, a \"New York Daily News\" entertainment columnist said the movie's sex humor is \"cruder\" than the TV series, but that it is \"nearly identical to the TV series in... its ogling of the posterior of cousin Daisy Duke.\" Although initially he commented that he enjoyed the new style of relationship between the movie versions of Bo and Luke, John Schneider, who played Bo Duke in the original series, was later asked if he saw the film and said: \"My", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3211912", "score": "1.1823423", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Catherine Bach", "text": "Catherine Bach Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" and Margo Dutton in \"African Skies\". In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" as Anita Lawson. Bach was born in Warren, Ohio, the daughter of Norma Jean Kucera (née Verdugo), an acupuncturist, and Bernard Bachman, a rancher. Her mother was of Mexican descent and her father was of German ancestry. She is descended from the Verdugo family, one of California's earliest landed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2545731", "score": "1.1368273", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood", "text": "by a black woman who threatens to take their car which she thinks has a racing engine she wants, which they don't have. After being confronted by rattlesnakes on \"The General Lee\"'s seat, she asks them, \"You boys aren't from New Jersey, are you?\" It is revealed that the two hitmen that stole the RV went to her, and she threatened them the same way, and they told her that the boys had the racing engine she was looking for. She fixes \"The General Lee\" in exchange for the recipe to Uncle Jesse's old barbecue sauce. In the meantime, Daisy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9686309", "score": "1.1352705", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "multiplayer option is also available, in which players can compete against each other in a variety of game modes. Other vehicles, including Jesse's truck, can be selected during multiplayer mode. \"The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out\" was developed by Sinister Games, using an updated version of its predecessor's game engine. Many actors from the television series provided their voices to their respective characters in the game: John Schneider (Bo Duke), Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), Catherine Bach (Daisy Duke), James Best (Rosco), Sonny Shroyer (Enos), Ben Jones (Cooter Davenport), and Waylon Jennings (The Balladeer). The game received \"mixed\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486315", "score": "1.1281058", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard: Racing for Home", "text": "Duke who is racing to pay off the Duke farm. The player must play through missions that include Bo and Luke outrunning Rosco and Enos, and saving their cousin Daisy Duke from Black Jack Perril who wants revenge on their uncle Jesse Duke. The Game Boy Color version received \"favorable\" reviews, and the PlayStation version received \"mixed\" reviews, while the PC version received \"unfavorable\" reviews, according to video game review aggregator GameRankings. Chris Carle of IGN said of the PlayStation version, \"The missions can get tedious, even though some are truly challenging. The stunt physics are fun and the various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13734824", "score": "1.1269113", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Daisy Duke", "text": "certain storylines occasionally call for her to drive the General Lee. Daisy Duke is both the main female protagonist and the sex symbol on \"Dukes of Hazzard\". In two episodes Daisy wears a red bikini to distract Cletus and a truck driver. She appears numerous times wearing short, tight denim shorts, which later became colloquially known as \"Daisy Dukes\". The network censors believed that Daisy's famous cut-off shorts alone would be too revealing. The shorts were so short that the only way the producers could get them on air was for Catherine Bach to wear flesh-colored pantyhose with them to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905521", "score": "1.113649", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "the player to explore all of Hazzard County, including locations from the television series such as the Boar's Nest. The game features 18 levels, most of which are played while driving the General Lee; six levels are played as Daisy, who drives a Jeep. Country rock music plays during each level. The game features a total of eight soundtracks, which can be changed by the player. Items such as wrenches can be collected to repair the player's vehicle when it takes too much damage, while nitro gas can be used to give the player a temporary increase of speed. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486314", "score": "1.1127119", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Daisy Duke", "text": "Dukes' car chases, originally in her Plymouth Road Runner or, from the mid-second season onwards and more famously, in her Jeep. Daisy also works as a waitress at the Boar's Nest, the local tavern owned by Boss Hogg that was the main meeting place in Hazzard. She also aspires to be both a singer-songwriter and a journalist. Daisy Duke is a well-meaning though sometimes naive, often scantily dressed rogue Southern belle. As with her cousins Bo and Luke Duke, Daisy has a habit of landing herself/her family in trouble, though always believes in doing the right thing, especially when helping", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905510", "score": "1.0973983", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)", "text": "Prickett's involvement. During a transfer from detainment, Daisy helps the boys escape from the patrol car, and they speed home to try to inform the townsfolk, escaping Atlanta Police, and the Georgia State Patrol after Bo outmaneuvers the city cops. Upon returning home, the Dukes discover that Boss Hogg and Rosco had taken Uncle Jesse and Pauline hostage, an obvious trap for the boys, and that Billy is in on the scheme because he is ashamed of the town's low status. The two race to the farmhouse to cause a distraction to the waiting Hazzard County sheriff's deputies and Georgia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3211903", "score": "1.0807114", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Frank Provo of GameSpot said that \"despite a few gameplay touch-ups and a plot change, the game is a carbon copy of the first.\" Provo praised the game's open-world environment, and also wrote, \"The characters are smoothly rendered and nicely animated, but they better resemble lifeless marionettes than actual human beings. On more than one occasion, you may find yourself wondering if Jesse Duke is actually some demon.\" Provo noted that \"as odd as it may seem, the game's namesake, Daisy, only participates in six of the game's missions.\" Provo also wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486316", "score": "1.0781388", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard", "text": "who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed \"(The) General Lee\", evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy(s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531914", "score": "1.0780895", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "Duke's childhood friend Missy Law comes to Hazzard County with plans to rob Hazzard Bank and frame Daisy for the crime. Gameplay is similar to its predecessor and primarily consists of the player completing tasks and beating time challenges, collecting icons, delivering passengers to specific destinations, and running errands for characters, while avoiding Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane and Deputy Enos Strate. The player plays as Bo Duke, Luke Duke, and Jesse Duke. Unlike its predecessor, the game also allows the player to play as Daisy, and introduces an open world environment. A free-roaming joyride mode removes all enemies and allows", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486313", "score": "1.077861", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Bo Duke", "text": "Gabby) in Los Angeles and convinced her to go to Hazzard to be with him. Bo Duke Beauregard \"Bo\" Duke (born April 8, 1958) is a fictional character in the American television series \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", which ran from 1979 to 1985. He was played by John Schneider. The name of \"Beauregard\" may have been chosen after the famous Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard. Bo and his cousin Lucas \"Luke\" Duke (Tom Wopat) live in an unincorporated area of the fictional Hazzard County, in Georgia. Bo and Luke own a 1969 Dodge Charger, named \"The General Lee\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5643690", "score": "1.075747", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Dukes (TV series)", "text": "The Dukes (TV series) The Dukes is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series based on the live-action television series \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" which aired on CBS from February 5 to October 29, 1983. The series was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television, producer of the original series. The series features the Duke boys and their cousin Daisy in an automobile race around the world against Boss Hogg, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane, and Rosco's dog Flash in a duel for the prize money which the Dukes hope to use to keep the family farm from being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1542816", "score": "1.0738987", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Daisy Duke", "text": "does not dress particularly attractively. She wears large flannel shirts, jeans, big glasses, and her hair in a bun. To get a job as a waitress at the Boar's Nest and to attract Hughie Hogg (Boss's nephew), she decides to change her look. She goes through several outfits before finally settling on her signature look. She is also a brunette in this movie. Daisy is played by April Scott. Daisy Duke Daisy Duke is a fictional character, played by Catherine Bach, from the American television series \"The Dukes of Hazzard\". She is the cousin of Bo and Luke, the main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905525", "score": "1.0727316", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "James Best", "text": "according to interviews by the series' creators, the two would often improvise their scenes together, making up their own dialogue as they went along. Until his death, he also remained close to Catherine Bach, who played the character of Daisy Duke; and long after the show's cancellation, she was a regular visitor to the website dedicated to Best's painting. In 1991, in contrast to the comical Rosco Coltrane of \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", Best appeared in an episode of the NBC crime drama \"In the Heat of the Night\". He won the Crystal Reel Award for Best Actor for his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5139089", "score": "1.0706894", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'", "text": "Hazzard\", Daisy Duke, and it has several major differences from Sinatra's version. The song's lyrics were changed almost completely as Simpson felt that they did not accurately convey the feelings needed for the film; in the original Sinatra dealt with a cheating boyfriend, while in the new version Simpson explored Daisy Duke's personality and experiences. She rewrote the majority of the lyrics herself, although some elements were retained such as the opening line \"You keep saying you got something for me...\" and the spoken \"Are you ready, boots? Start walkin. Simpson also added some new music to her version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4522417", "score": "1.0682945", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard", "text": "The Dukes of Hazzard The Dukes of Hazzard is an American action-comedy television series that aired on CBS from January 26, 1979, to February 8, 1985. The show aired for a total of 147 episodes spanning seven seasons. The series was inspired by the 1975 film \"Moonrunners\", which was also created by Gy Waldron and had many identical or similar character names and concepts. \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" had an ensemble cast, which follows the adventures of \"The Duke Boys\", cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat) (including Coy and Vance Duke for most of season 5),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531913", "score": "1.0672933", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)", "text": "film was followed by a direct-to-video prequel titled \"\" (2007). Cousins Bo, Luke, and Daisy Duke run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse in Hazzard County, Georgia. The cousins' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the \"General Lee\". Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as \"Boss Hogg\", and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane. After Rosco has the General Lee impounded after Bo and Luke’s attempt to run away from a daughter of one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3211899", "score": "1.06406", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard", "text": "but Wopat and Schneider convinced her to stay, insisting that if she left then there might not be a show to come back to, and that settling the issue was up to them. Production was pushed back by a few weeks as fairly similar looking replacements were subsequently, hastily hired: Byron Cherry as Coy Duke and Christopher Mayer as Vance Duke. Bo and Luke were said to have gone to race on the NASCAR circuit; how they managed to do this, bearing in mind the terms of their probation, was never explained. Cherry and Mayer were originally contracted at just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531935", "score": "1.0553457", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "besides rolling fields, endless fences, trees, and corn. This game has lots of corn. The cutscenes aren't much better. It looks like they used the same Planet of the Apes character models as in the first game. The best looking characters are Roscoe P. Coltrane and Enos, and even they look like Claymation mutants.\" Carle called the game's sound effects \"rather weak,\" and said the vehicle engine sounds were \"especially cheesy.\" Carle concluded that, \"In addition to lacking innovation, it just gets plain boring as you slug through the 18 missions. Bottom line: it's like watching a bad re-run\". Jon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486321", "score": "1.0529292", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out", "text": "Thompson of AllGame criticized the game's \"fairly boring and repetitive\" gameplay, and wrote that it was \"essentially the same as its weak predecessor\". Thompson criticized the game's \"disturbing looking CG-rendered characters\" and complained that \"most of the game involves running errands\" for characters. Thompson wrote that \"for a game made this late in the system's life, it sure does look ugly. It's grainy, the famous PlayStation distortion is in full effect, and the only two colors that seem to be in the developer's palate are brown and green. It's another reason that one gets lost so easily; everything looks the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19486322", "score": "1.0474858", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion!", "text": "is having a reunion festival, while Uncle Jesse faces a lawsuit filed by Mama Josephine Maxx for access across Duke property to the Hazzard swamp, where she intends to build a theme park; Jesse refused access in order to preserve the swamp. Residents are angry with Jesse, as the theme park would bring jobs and revenue to Hazzard County. Cooter Davenport, now a Congressman, arrives to meet Jesse at the Duke farm. Bo Duke, now a professional racer, arrives thereafter, followed by Daisy Duke, who has been at graduate school at Duke University getting a PhD in ecology after a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7723668", "score": "1.0469762", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Daisy Duke", "text": "only appearance in the series), although before the wedding she realises he is a villain and the marriage is called off. Similarly, in the second-season episode \"Duke of Duke,\" Daisy becomes attracted to a visiting English Duke claiming to be a distant relation of the Duke clan; she eventually finds out he is a con man and again the romance is over. In the , she is said to have left Hazzard to get married at some point after the original series, but is subsequently divorced. After her marriage ended, she was pursuing a graduate degree at Duke University, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905516", "score": "1.0469284", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard", "text": "was to be \"General Lee\" to match their vehicle, but this was only ever used on-screen on one occasion, in the second episode, \"Daisy's Song\", when Cooter calls Bo and Luke over the CB by this handle, although they were actually driving Daisy's Plymouth Roadrunner (see below) at the time. As it became obvious that the \"General Lee\" handle would be out of place when the Duke boys were in another vehicle, the \"Lost Sheep\" handle was devised (with Uncle Jesse being \"Shepherd\" and Daisy being \"Bo Peep\"). The 1975 AMC Matador was one of many different Hazzard County police", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531951", "score": "1.0418652", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (video game)", "text": "The game was nearly completed. Atari was not satisfied with the game's graphics, which were lacking in comparison to other games the company was releasing at the time. Hahn only learned of the game's cancellation from the secretary of an Atari VIP, and said, \"I had put months of very long days and weekends into the game. I was a bit upset.\" \"Atari Age\" reported the game's cancellation in September 1983. The game would have had the player control the General Lee, with the goal being to break Daisy out of jail before Boss Hogg can get to her, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637036", "score": "1.0398341", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard", "text": "Cooter, Cletus and Enos. The Dukes of Hazzard The Dukes of Hazzard is an American action-comedy television series that aired on CBS from January 26, 1979, to February 8, 1985. The show aired for a total of 147 episodes spanning seven seasons. The series was inspired by the 1975 film \"Moonrunners\", which was also created by Gy Waldron and had many identical or similar character names and concepts. \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" had an ensemble cast, which follows the adventures of \"The Duke Boys\", cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat) (including Coy and Vance Duke for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531966", "score": "1.035885", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Christopher Mayer (American actor)", "text": "Christopher Mayer (American actor) Christopher Mayer (born George Charles Mayer III; February 21, 1954 – July 23, 2011), also known as Chip Mayer, was a Manhattan-born American film and TV actor who was best known for portraying Vance Duke on \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" for 19 episodes. Mayer played the role of Vance Duke in the 1982–83 season of \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" for 19 episodes. Mayer continued his work in television and movies into the early 1990s, including a stint on the daytime serial \"Santa Barbara\". He also played Kenneth Falk in the film \"Liar Liar\" (1997) alongside Jim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5220786", "score": "1.0332218", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)", "long_answer": "Cousins Bo (Seann William Scott), Luke (Johnny Knoxville), and Daisy Duke (Jessica Simpson) run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse (Willie Nelson) in Hazzard County, Georgia. The cousins' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the \"General Lee\". Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as \"Boss Hogg\" (Burt Reynolds), and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (M. C. Gainey).", "chunked_long_answer": "Cousins Bo (Seann William Scott), Luke (Johnny Knoxville), and Daisy Duke (Jessica Simpson) run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse (Willie Nelson) in Hazzard County, Georgia. The cousins' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the \"General Lee\". Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as \"Boss Hogg\" (Burt Reynolds), and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (M. C. Gainey).", "short_answers": [ "Jessica Simpson" ] }

[ "Nashville, Tennessee" ]

[ { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Country Music Foundation", "text": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum at the corner of 16th Avenue and Division on Music Row in Nashville, TN. The Country Music Foundation is still housed with the Hall of Fame and Museum at its new location at 222 5th Avenue South in Downtown Nashville when the new building opened in 2001. The CMF was founded in 1964 and charged with operating the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, whose original location opened on Music Row in Nashville, TN on April 1, 1967. Until 1971, the CMF shared staff with the Country Music Association (CMA). It moved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290593", "score": "1.2997775", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Texas Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "the rear of the building. The museum is located at 301 West Panola near the intersection of U.S. Highways 59 and 79. Museum hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Admission is $10 for adults and $5 for children. Every Saturday evening, a Country Music Hayride is offered at the Esquire Theatre in downtown Carthage. Texas Country Music Hall of Fame Website Texas Country Music Hall of Fame The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, formerly the Tex Ritter Museum, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4404204", "score": "1.2688832", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Texas Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "Texas Country Music Hall of Fame The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, formerly the Tex Ritter Museum, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to country music and were born in the state of Texas. This includes singers, songwriters, disc jockeys, and others. A museum, a large multi-purpose room, and a gift shop comprise the major areas of interest within the facility. The multi-purpose room can be configured to serve as a lecture hall or a dining room. It is covered with impressive photographs from local and regional history. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4404201", "score": "1.2287531", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame honours Canadian country music artists, builders or broadcasters, living or deceased. The artifact collection includes extensive biographical information on the inductees. It is located in downtown Merritt, British Columbia at 2025 Quilchena Avenue. The facility is open year-round for custom tours, and is open to the public on seasonally adjusted hours. The initiative is governed by a not-for-profit society (the Canadian Country Music Heritage Society). In 2009, Cantos Music Foundation (now the National Music Centre) in Calgary, Alberta, became the owner of the Canadian Country Music Hall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10063371", "score": "1.2240702", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "offer visitors a hands-on immersion into today's country music with artifacts from today's country stars and a series of technology-enhanced activities. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, and multi-purpose event rental spaces. Other historic properties of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum include the letterpress operation Hatch Show Print (located inside the museum) and Historic RCA Studio B (located on Music Row), Nashville's oldest surviving recording studio, where recordings by Elvis Presley, Dolly Parton, Waylon Jennings, and many others were made. The Country Music Hall of Fame", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712381", "score": "1.1987668", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "the head of Music Row, the bronze plaques comprised a special exhibit. Today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum's enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum's archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum's collection and includes more than 2.5 million artifacts. When viewed from the air, the building forms a massive bass clef. The point on the sweeping arch of the building suggests the tailfin of a 1959 Cadillac sedan. The building's front windows resemble piano keys. The tower on top of the Rotunda that extends down the Hall of Fame is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712386", "score": "1.1892118", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "of Fame's artifact collection after a transfer of ownership from Deb Buck, wife of deceased Hall of Fame member Gary Buck. The plaques of the inductees reside in the Hall of Honour at the Hall of Fame (in Merritt). For several years the Hall of Fame was based in a log building on the Calgary Stampede grounds. In 1993, Canadian singer-songwriter Stompin' Tom Connors declined an induction into the Hall of Fame, as part of his ongoing campaign against the Americanization of Canadian music. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10063372", "score": "1.183499", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Music Row", "text": "and the museum moved to a new state-of-the-art building eleven blocks away in Downtown Nashville in June of 1999. One area of Music Row, along Demonbreun Street, was once littered with down-market tourist attractions and vanity \"museums\" of various country music stars. These began to disappear in the late 1990s with the announced move of the Country Music Hall of Fame. The strip sat largely vacant for a few years, but has been recently redeveloped with a number of upscale restaurants and bars serving the Downtown and Music Row areas. At the confluence of Demonbreun Street, Division Street, 16th Avenue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4969568", "score": "1.1779631", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame honours Canadian country music artists, builders or broadcasters, living or deceased. The artifact collection includes extensive biographical information on the inductees. It is located in downtown Merritt, British Columbia at 2025 Quilchena Avenue. The facility is open year-round for custom tours, and is open to the public on seasonally adjusted hours. The initiative is governed by a not-for-profit society (the Canadian Country Music Heritage Society). In 2009, Cantos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10063373", "score": "1.1689496", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "leaders determined that a new organization was needed to operate a country music museum and to carry out research and education activities beyond CMA's scope as a trade organization. Toward this end, the nonprofit Country Music Foundation (CMF) was chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964 to collect, preserve, and publicize information and artifacts relating to the history of country music. Through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1, 1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712377", "score": "1.1622654", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Texas Country Music Hall of Fame", "text": "museum contains information panels that cover each inductee's career and accomplishments through text, photographs, and various artifacts. In the center of the exhibit area, a replica of a 1930s theater marquee reminds visitors of the role of country music in film. A juke box nearby allows visitors to select the country songs that they wish to hear played while touring the museum. The marquee serves as the entrance to the Tex Ritter Museum. A native of Panola County, Ritter was one of the first singers inducted into the hall of fame when it was established in 1998. There is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4404202", "score": "1.1447114", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "Building expansion took place in 1974, 1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum's growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. An education department was created to conduct ongoing programs with Middle Tennessee schools, an oral history program was begun, and a publications department was launched to handle books, as well as the \"Journal of Country Music.\" To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new, facility in the heart of downtown Nashville's arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712379", "score": "1.1293349", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "professional can receive, is extended to performers, songwriters, broadcasters, musicians, and executives in recognition of their contributions to the development of country music. The Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association (CMA); the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962. The most recent inductees (class of 2018) are Johnny Gimble, Dottie West and Ricky Skaggs. Over the Hall of Fame's history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712383", "score": "1.1265891", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. Only one legendary singer or musician and one modern singer or musician can get elected to the Hall, unless there is an exact tie in the voting ballots. Also, one musician and one songwriter or music executive can get elected per year. Bas-relief portraits cast in bronze honoring each Hall of Fame member were originally displayed at the Tennessee State Museum in downtown Nashville until the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum opened its own building in April 1967; in this barn-roofed facility at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712385", "score": "1.1232781", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Memphis Music Hall of Fame", "text": "Fame opened its museum and exhibition hall at 126 S. 2nd Street between the Hard Rock Cafe and Lansky Brothers' Clothier. The museum features memorabilia and other archival materials from nearly all of the 60 inductees. Memphis Music Hall of Fame The Memphis Music Hall of Fame, located in Memphis, Tennessee, honors Memphis musicians for their lifetime achievements in music. The induction ceremony and concert is held each year in Memphis. Since its establishment in 2012, the Hall of Fame has inducted more than 48 individuals or groups. It is administered by the non-profit Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18994932", "score": "1.0886179", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "million expansion, doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries, archival storage, education classrooms, retail stores, and special event space. In the museum's core exhibition, \"Sing Me Back Home: A Journey Through Country Music,\" visitors are immersed in the history and sounds of country music, its origins and traditions, and the stories and voices of many of its architects. The story is revealed through artifacts, photographs, and text panels, recorded sound, vintage video, and interactive touchscreens. \"Sing Me Back Home\" is enhanced by numerous, rotating limited-engagement exhibits. The new ACM Gallery and the Dinah and Fred Gretsch Family Gallery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712380", "score": "1.086217", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame", "text": "Cadillac and The Jersey Lilly Old-Tyme Photo Parlour. The Hall of Fame opened in 2001. The building housing it is one of the horse and mule barns in the Fort Worth Stockyards. Originally built in 1888, they housed over 3,000 horses and mules. The original wooden ones that stood in this location were lost March 14, 1911, when a spark from a passing train ignited a fire. They were rebuilt and completed in March 1912 and considered the first \"fireproof\" ones. The bricks, columns, metal doors, catwalks, and cinder blocks are all original architecture. The Hall of Fame is located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9560723", "score": "1.0861977", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Music Row", "text": "historical preservation and local as well as national movements to revive it’s rich and vibrant history. A group dedicated to this mission is the Music Industry Coalition. Historical sites such as RCA's famed Studio B and Studio A, where hundreds of notable and famous musicians have recorded, are situated on Music Row. Country music entertainers Roy Acuff and Chet Atkins have also been memorialized with streets named in their honor within the area. The Country Music Hall of Fame was once located at the corner of Music Square East and Division Street, but the building has since been torn down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4969567", "score": "1.07993", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Country Music Foundation", "text": "locations in 2001 to the new Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in downtown Nashville. The CMF regularly produces and consults for other labels' historic performances, and itself issued the first historic recording on their Country Music Foundation Records label, which preceded later releases including: Country Music Foundation The Country Music Foundation (CMF) chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964, is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and education surrounding Country Music. The CMF currently employs more than 70 full-time professionals and is \"the world's largest research center devoted to a single form of popular music.\" \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290594", "score": "1.0755912", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "small Nashville city park. At this point, artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum's galleries. Early in the 1970s the basement of the museum building was partially complete, and library expansion began, embracing not only recordings but also books and periodicals, sheet music and songbooks, photographs, business documents, and other materials. At the outset, CMA staff had run the museum, but by 1972 the museum (already governed by its own independent board of directors) acquired its own small staff, which has steadily increased to over 150 full-time professionals.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712378", "score": "1.0751525", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame", "text": "customers. Autographed photos of world champions adorned both his office and his home. He was a well-known bull rider and founder of the Old Timers Rodeo Association. The Hall of Fame was first housed in several spots in the Belton area, including a western wear store. Eventually, it moved to the Bell County Expo Center, only a block or so away from the Ford dealership where it was born. The Hall of Fame is currently housed in the historic Cowtown Coliseum in the Fort Worth Stockyards. Funds are being raised for a permanent Hall of Fame building in Belton. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11990917", "score": "1.0710806", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Country Hall of Fame – Patsy Cline", "text": "The Country Hall of Fame – Patsy Cline The Country Hall of Fame is a 1979 compilation album consisting of the popular hit singles by country music singer and Country Music Hall of Fame inductee, Patsy Cline. It was released on MCA Records. \"The Country Hall of Fame\" was released six years after Patsy Cline had been inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. It contained some of her biggest hit singles from the Decca Records label, such as \"I Fall to Pieces,\" \"Crazy,\" and \"She's Got You.\" It also contained some less familiar song, such as \"Anytime,\" \"He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12807452", "score": "1.0679903", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame", "text": "National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame is located in Fort Worth, Texas, US. Established in 1975, it is dedicated to honoring women of the American West who have displayed extraordinary courage and pioneering fortitude. The museum is an educational resource with exhibits, a research library, and rare photography collection. It annually adds Honorees to its Hall of Fame. The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame honors and documents the lives of women of the American West. The museum was started in 1975 in the basement of the Deaf Smith County", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7245200", "score": "1.0676253", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame", "text": "Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame The Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame, a western, historical museum in Fort Worth, Texas, honors those men and women who have shown excellence in the business and support of rodeo and the western lifestyle in Texas.\" The Hall of Fame includes over 125 cowboys and cowgirls, each of whom has a booth to display personal memorabilia. The museum, located in Historic Barn A, is also home to The Sterquell Wagon Collection, John Justin Trail of Fame, Chisholm Trail Exhibit, The Applewhite-Clark Exhibit, Adventures of the Cowboy Trail, Zigrang Horse Bit Collection, Amon G. Carter's 1933", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9560722", "score": "1.0645877", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame", "text": "in the heart of the historic Fort Worth Stockyards. Museum visitors are invited to propose new inductees to the Hall of Fame by completing background information on a potential nominee. Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame The Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame, a western, historical museum in Fort Worth, Texas, honors those men and women who have shown excellence in the business and support of rodeo and the western lifestyle in Texas.\" The Hall of Fame includes over 125 cowboys and cowgirls, each of whom has a booth to display personal memorabilia. The museum, located in Historic Barn A, is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9560724", "score": "1.0590572", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "North Carolina Music Hall of Fame", "text": "was founded in 1994 by businessmen Doug Croft and Joe Carroll. Originally located in Thomasville, North Carolina, the group inducted seven people in 1999 and one in 2002. Suffering from a lack of space, a historic city jail in Kannapolis, North Carolina, was chosen as the new location. Full renovation began in 2008, with the museum completed 7 months later in 2009. Much of the renewed interest in the NC Music Hall of Fame was driven by music industry mogul Mike Curb who has ties to Kannapolis and is friends with David Murdock who was building the Kannapolis-based North Carolina", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16672078", "score": "1.0494684", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Music of Tennessee", "text": "Country Music\" in 1998 for its contributions to early country music recordings and ongoing influence. Nashville, the most populous metropolitan area in the state, is home to the Grand Ole Opry (est. 1925) and the Country Music Hall of Fame (est. 1967), and bears the nickname \"Music City, U.S.A.\". In a tour of Great Britain and Europe in 1873, the Fisk Jubilee Singers, the first former slaves to tour Europe after the Civil War, performed the spirituals \"Steal Away to Jesus\" and \"Go Down, Moses\" for Queen Victoria in April. According to local oral tradition, Queen Victoria was so impressed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2074299", "score": "1.0476463", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Margaret Formby", "text": "She launched her collection of western and rodeo artifacts beginning in 1975 in Hereford, where her husband, Clint Formby (1923-2010), was a radio broadcaster at the country-music station KPAN AM and FM. The museum was relocated in 1994 to a $21 million structure at 1720 Gendy Street in the heart of the Fort Worth cultural district. The first inductee into the Hall of Fame was Alice Greenough Orr of Montana, winner of three national rodeo championships in the 1930s and 1940s. Orr rode bulls in Spain, was a riding instructor of Dale Evans Rogers, and performed motion picture stunts even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14120014", "score": "1.046232", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "text": "and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience. From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools, Words & Music, the museum offers an aggressive schedule of educational programs. The museum also operates CMF Records, a Grammy-winning re-issue label (\"The Complete Hank Williams\" and \"Night Train to Nashville: Music City Rhythm & Blues, 1945-1970)\"; and CMF Press, a book publishing arm that releases exhibit-related books in cooperation with Vanderbilt University Press and other major trade publishing houses. Membership in the Country Music Hall of Fame, the highest honor a country music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "712382", "score": "1.043582", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum", "long_answer": "The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.", "short_answers": [ "Nashville, Tennessee" ] }

[ "loosely on Eminem" ]

[ { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "M-102 (Michigan highway)", "text": "by geographic markers such as rivers, hills, and trees, and were therefore rather irregular. Today, the baseline forms the northern or southern boundary of many southern Michigan counties. Tupac Shakur, Tim Roth, and Thandie Newton form the fictitious musical act Eight Mile Road in the 1997 film \"Gridlock'd\", which is set in Detroit. The movie \"8 Mile\", starring Detroit-area hip hop artist Eminem, as well as his songs \"Lose Yourself\" and \"8 Mile\", take their names and cultural subject matter from the roadway. In addition to these film references, there are songs that refer to 8 Mile Road, some of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4523363", "score": "1.0925076", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture", "text": "8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the official soundtrack to the 2002 movie of the same name. The album, performed by various artists, was released under Shady Records. It spawned the hit single \"Lose Yourself\" by Eminem, who also stars in the semi-autobiographical movie. The album also spawned a follow up soundtrack, More Music from 8 Mile, consisting of songs that appear in the film and were released as singles during the film's time setting of 1995. One of the songs was performed by 2Pac,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4539369", "score": "1.0076984", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "cinemagoers gave \"8 Mile\" was B+ on an A+ to F scale, with the core under-21 demographics giving it an A. Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars. He said that we \"are hardly started in \"8 Mile\", and already we see that this movie stands aside from routine debut films by pop stars\" and that it is \"a faithful reflection of his myth\". He said that Eminem, as an actor, is \"convincing without being too electric\" and \"survives the X-ray truth-telling of the movie camera\" In the \"At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper\" review, both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164432", "score": "0.98331827", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "a cinematic event by tapping into the roots of Eminem and the fury and feeling that inform his rap.\" He praised Hanson's directing and the performances, and compared the final battle with Papa Doc to the fight between Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed in \"Rocky\". \"8 Mile\" has been named in various year-end and all-time top lists: In 2003, Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards, for his single \"Lose Yourself\" from the soundtrack of \"8 Mile\". Thus he became the first hip hop artist ever to win an Academy Award. He was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164434", "score": "0.972204", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Flash Forward", "text": "to each other through thick and thin. Rebecca \"Becca\" Fisher (Jewel Staite), also 13, is the much-flustered best friend of Tucker and is experiencing the same disillusionment with eighth grade. Her new best friend is Christine, someone who Becca sees as an easier person than Tucker to confide in about the things that are starting to matter (namely boys). Becca also faces ridicule from her bossy and stuck-up sister Ellen and carries a secret crush on the local pizza maker, Gooch. Miles (Theodore Borders) is Tucker's new best friend and starts the eighth grade year off as his constant companion.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6385556", "score": "0.97007185", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "8 Mile Corner", "text": "8 Mile Corner 8 Mile Corner is a monument in the Cimarron National Grassland dedicated to the tri-point (a place where three states meet) of Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma. This point is also the meeting point for three distinct regions of America - the Western United States (Colorado), Midwestern United States (Kansas), and South Central United States (Oklahoma). The landmark is a windmill with the three states' abbreviated names on the blades. The windmill monument was built in 1903. In 1990, satellite images showed the actual meeting place to be several feet away from the monument. A brass plate in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9581114", "score": "0.96374655", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs up; Roeper said that Eminem has a \"winning screen presence\" and \"raw magic\" to him. He was happy with Rabbit's \"tender side\" presented through his relationship with the \"adorable\" Greenfield as his sister, but felt that Basinger was \"really miscast\". Roeper said: \"8 Mile probably won't win converts to rap, but it should thrill Eminem fans.\" Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. He said that \"8 Mile\" \"is a real movie, not a fast-buck package to exploit the fan base of a rap nonentity\" that \"qualifies as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164433", "score": "0.9445178", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "weaknesses as well as his own. With nothing to say in rebuttal, Papa Doc hands the microphone back to Future, embarrassed. After being congratulated by Alex and his friends, Jimmy is offered a position by Future, hosting battles at The Shelter. Jimmy declines, saying he has to get back to work and to find success his own way. \"Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile\" is the soundtrack to \"8 Mile\". Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned Eminem's first number 1 US single \"Lose Yourself\". The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164427", "score": "0.93653667", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)", "text": "of Miles Morales. The character was initially unnamed but her identity is later confirmed by writer Brian Michael Bendis. Following a one-year timeskip, the 14-year-old Kate is seen dating Miles. In this reality, Kate and her family are members of HYDRA, and she believes they can make the world better. Miles eventually reveals to Kate that he is Spider-Man, which freaks her out and she does not talk to Miles for weeks. She tells his secret to her sister, who in turn tells her father. When Miles goes to her house to check on Kate, her father drugs Miles and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5955608", "score": "0.91769546", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Oliver Rohrbeck", "text": "\"8 Mile\". Oliver Rohrbeck Oliver Rohrbeck (born March 21, 1965 in Berlin, Germany) is a German television actor and voice actor. His television career includes appearances in shows like \"Sesame Street\", \"Derrick\" and \"Balko\". He is better known for his work as a voice actor, his most famous role being the German \"Jupiter Jones\" in the audio drama series \"Three Investigators\". He was cast for this role in 1978 and still provides the voice for this character, as well as his fellows Jens Wawrczek and Andreas Fröhlich (who dub \"Pete Crenshaw\" and \"Bob Andrews\", respectively). Since 2003, they toured the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9216417", "score": "0.917135", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "Jimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the \"Leaders of the Free World.\" At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches. At work one day when on lunch break, Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164424", "score": "0.9164068", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture", "text": "best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of over 3.4 million. As of July 2013, it has sold 4,922,000 albums in the U.S. As of January 2016, the soundtrack has sold 11,000,000 worldwide. It debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart with sales of 45, 000 copies. It also reached #1 on the UK Compilations Chart Australian ARIAnet Albums Chart. It featured Eminem's worldwide chart-topping single, \"Lose Yourself\". The clean version of the \"8 Mile\" soundtrack removes most of the strong language and sexual and violent content. The only word left uncensored on the soundtrack, is the word \"ass\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4539371", "score": "0.9162855", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "for a total of $242,875,078 worldwide. The film's final domestic gross would hold the film at in Box Office Mojo's \"Pop Star Debuts\" list, behind \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\" (Beyoncé) and \"The Bodyguard\" (Whitney Houston). The \"8 Mile\" DVD, which was released on March 18, 2003, generated $75 million in sales and rentals in its first week, making it the biggest DVD debut ever for an R-rated movie and putting it in the all-time Top 10 for first week home video sales for a movie. A VHS version was also released on the same date. \"8 Mile\" received positive reviews,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164430", "score": "0.9147589", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Miles (mascot)", "text": "resides at Sports Authority Field at Mile High in Denver, Colorado. He appears at Broncos' home games and community promotions such as the Broncos' reading program. Miles (mascot) Miles is one of two official mascots of the Denver Broncos, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL). He was developed in the early 1990s and made his first public appearance at the 1995 Pro Bowl as a Team NFL Hero. Team NFL Heroes were a line of mascot-like characters created by NFL Properties for every team in the league; most of the characters only lasted a season or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9478383", "score": "0.91215336", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Antwone Fisher (film)", "text": "opposite rapper Eminem in \"8 Mile\", as the grown-up Jesse, Malcolm David Kelley as the young Antwone, and Corey Hodges as the teenage Antwone. Washington repeatedly told the cast and crew “We’re doing it for Antwone.” Inspired by the story of a man who found hope and love through the help of an outstretched hand. In turn, the filmmakers sought to give back to the communities that supported them during the shoot. In the Cleveland neighborhood where the scenes of Fisher's youth and homecoming were shot, the filmmakers went out of their way to leave the urban area and its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3585186", "score": "0.9081025", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "with critics praising the music and Eminem's performance. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports the film is \"Certified Fresh\", with 76% of 206 professional critics giving the film a positive review and a rating average of 7.0 out of 10. The site's consensus is that \"Even though the story is overly familiar, there's enough here for an engaging ride.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has rating score of 77 based on 38 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164431", "score": "0.90775025", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "album debuted at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million, despite only two months of release. It also reached on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian ARIAnet Albums Chart. It also spawned a follow up soundtrack, \"More Music from 8 Mile\", consisting of songs that appear in \"8 Mile\" that were current singles during the film's time setting of 1995. The album was also made in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164428", "score": "0.90709794", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Miles Dredd", "text": "overloaded Miles with Turbo energy, causing him to explode Miles Dredd Miles Dredd, also referred to simply as Dredd, is a fictional character in the \"Max Steel\" franchise. He is the archenemy of Maxwell McGrath, Copper Canyon's hero and protector. Miles Dredd is looking for Max's T.U.R.B.O. Energy, so that he can survive to be very powerful to defeat Max Steel and N-Tek. He is voiced by Mark Oliver. Years ago, Miles Dredd, Forge Ferrus, and Jim McGrath were the co-Founders of N-Tek. They were the best, and Jim discovered an energy called T.U.R.B.O Energy. Miles Dredd was trying to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17686173", "score": "0.90609366", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture", "text": "who would be the subject of a with a , who also produced a posthumous album by 2Pac. The album also features four songs by the Wu-Tang Clan and its members, and two songs by Mobb Deep, who eventually signed to G-Unit Records. Both albums were also made available in censored versions, removing most of the strong language and sexual and violent content. The album debuted at #1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold in the 1st week and 510,000 sold in the 2nd week also finishing the year as the 5th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4539370", "score": "0.9024986", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit", "text": "the city of Flint continue east into Lapeer County. Locally, 8 Mile Road is considered the political and social dividing line between the city of Detroit and its northern suburbs. (It marks most of the northern boundary of both Detroit and Wayne County.) In 2002 this local notoriety was promoted to international attention, reflected in the name of Eminem's acclaimed film, \"8 Mile\". The alignment for 16 Mile Road through Oakland and Macomb Counties is composed of five named roads: Walnut Lake Road turns slightly southward in West Bloomfield and runs parallel to Quarton Road to the south, between Inkster", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12095213", "score": "0.89952743", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "and commercial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lose Yourself\". In 1995 Detroit, Jimmy \"B-Rabbit\" Smith Jr. is a young, unhappy blue-collar worker from a poor family. He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run-down trailer home in Warren, Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie, his little sister Lily, and Stephanie's abusive live-in boyfriend Greg. Although encouraged by his friends, Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper. He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue, the Shelter, and he leaves the stage humiliated. Jimmy works at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164422", "score": "0.89913803", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit", "text": "Most traffic on 8 Mile Road continuing east of Kelly Road veers onto Vernier Road; 8 Mile continues as a side street eastward for a short distance past Harper Avenue. This is a common misconception by residents of Detroit, Harper Woods and Grosse Pointe, as Cadieux, Moross and Vernier appear to be extensions of their mile-road neighbors, but are in fact roads in their own right. In the city of Detroit, residents only refer to three of the mile roads by number: 6, 7, & 8 Mile. 6 Mile Road is signed as \"McNichols\" throughout the city of Detroit, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12095209", "score": "0.89201885", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Empire Falls (miniseries)", "text": "and his friends constantly bully John. Other important people in Miles' life include Max, his grubby ne'er-do-well father, a rascal who can't resist a handout when it comes his way; David, Miles' reformed marijuana smoking brother, who is a talented Empire Grill cook; Bea, Miles' good-hearted ex-mother-in-law, who owns a bar; the town's wealthiest woman, a condescending matron who owns the Empire Grill; that woman's daughter, who has loved Miles for many years; an attractive waitress; a retiring police chief; and a dimwitted police officer, who is Zack's father and has known Miles since childhood. Miles is plagued by flashbacks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5286318", "score": "0.89044213", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Empire Falls", "text": "In addition, Tick has a complicated friendship with John Voss, an emotionally disturbed boy at school. The obnoxious jock Zack and his friends constantly bully John. Other important people in Miles' life include his grubby, ne'er-do-well father, a rascal who can't resist a handout when it comes his way; Miles' reformed, marijuana smoking brother, who is a talented Empire Grill cook; Miles' good-hearted ex-mother-in-law, who owns a bar; the town's wealthiest woman, Francine Whiting, a condescending matron who owns the Empire Grill; Whiting's daughter, who has loved Miles for many years; an attractive waitress; a retiring police chief; and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9486273", "score": "0.89009607", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "8 Mile (film)", "text": "a car factory. When he asks for extra shifts, his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual tardiness. Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex. Over time, Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life. When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work, his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested. Stephanie receives an eviction notice as she cannot pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10164423", "score": "0.88578165", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "8 Man", "text": "the character's origin actually varies significantly between the original manga, the TV series, and the live-action movie. In the original Japanese manga and TV series, the character's name does not change when he is reborn as 8 Man. The \"Detective Yokoda\" name was created for the live-action version. In the manga, Detective Azuma is trapped in a warehouse and gunned down, while the TV series has him killed when he is run over by a car. Also, in the Japanese story, the character is called \"8 Man\" because he is considered an extra member of the Japanese police force. There", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5157180", "score": "0.8848972", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Miles (mascot)", "text": "Miles (mascot) Miles is one of two official mascots of the Denver Broncos, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL). He was developed in the early 1990s and made his first public appearance at the 1995 Pro Bowl as a Team NFL Hero. Team NFL Heroes were a line of mascot-like characters created by NFL Properties for every team in the league; most of the characters only lasted a season or two but a handful ended up being adopted as official mascots by their respective teams, either immediately after the Team NFL Heroes project was canceled or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9478381", "score": "0.8797794", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Miles Dredd", "text": "in Copper Canyon. Miles Dredd appears in \"Max Steel\", renamed Miles Edwards and played by Andy Garcia. Miles was a father figure to Max after his father Jim died. Miles offered Max membership in N-Tek, and used an energy draining machine to discover Max could generate Turbo energy. Miles revealed his true colors in an Ultralink battle suit and revealed he had killed Jim because Jim opposed Miles' decision to help the Ultralinks conquer humanity in exchange for unlimited access to Turbo energy. Miles intended to drain Max of all his Turbo energy. Max fought Miles in hand-to-hand combat, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17686172", "score": "0.8777884", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Eight Mile, Alabama", "text": "Eight Mile, Alabama Eight Mile is an unincorporated community in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The community is named for its distance from the city of Mobile. Part of it was annexed in the mid-20th century by the city of Prichard, Alabama. Eight Mile is located west of Mobile Bay and just north of the Gulf of Mexico. The elevation is . The mostly African-American enclave had a median income in 2014 of $35,000. This is more than $8,000 lower than the state median. In 2008 lightning struck a mercaptan storage tank at a Mobile Gas Service Corp. underground natural", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11440661", "score": "0.8747823", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "8 Mile (film)", "long_answer": "The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location.", "chunked_long_answer": "The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location.", "short_answers": [ "loosely on Eminem" ] }

[ "Natasha Bharadwaj", "Aman Gandotra" ]

[ { "title": "India's Next Superstars", "text": "India's Next Superstars is a talent-searcher Indian reality show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj are declared winners of 2018 season, alongside Shruti Sharma who won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "India's Next Superstars", "text": "eliminated every other episode. Two males and two females join in the middle of the competition as wild-card contestants. The two winners receive a three-film deal with Dharma Productions. As published in various media sources, Rani Mukherjee was supposed to make an appearance on the show to promote her latest film, \"Hichki\", but was forced to cancel after filming some portions of the 7th and 8th episodes. She reportedly could not continue due to excruciating back pain and a high fever. India's Next Superstars India's Next Superstars (INS) is an Indian talent-search reality TV show, which premiered on Star Plus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20445137", "score": "1.024265", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "India's Next Top Model", "text": "Ratnani and mentored by Anusha Dandekar alongside image consultant and grooming expert Neeraj Gaba. Bulldog Media & Entertainment had licensed the format rights from CBS Television Distribution and the series was premiered on 19 July 2015 on MTV India. Thirteen finalists were chosen to compete for the show. The winner of the competition was 18 year-old Danielle Canute from Mumbai. As her prizes, she received a one-year contract to be the new face of TRESemmé, representation from Bling Talent Management, and the opportunity to appear in a spread in \"Grazia\" magazine.dhoti India's Next Top Model India's Next Top Model was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18775150", "score": "0.99278915", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Super Dancer", "text": "injury), Tiyash Saha & Harsh Dhara (both standby contestants) were called back on 30 October 2016 to gain a Power Card Entry into the competition. The judges chose Laxman Kumbhar & Siddhanth Damedhar and they Re-entered the competition. Winner Ditya Sagar Bhande from Mumbai won the first season of Super dancer. Her choreographer was Ruel Dausan. This season was started from 30 September 2017 and last episode of this season was aired on 24 March 2018. Three contestants, Vaishnavi Prajapati from Panipat with her Super Guru Manan, Akash Mitra from Patna with his Super Guru Rishikesh Jogdand and Mishti Sinha", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523594", "score": "0.9890677", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Robin Singh (footballer)", "text": "played 5 of Bengaluru FC's 2014-15 Indian Federation Cup campaign, scoring twice in the process, including the winner against Dempo in the final. The CEO of Bengaluru FC, Parth Jindal confirmed that Robin Singh along with Sunil Chhetri and Thoi Singh will become contracted to the Indian Super League at the end of the season, to join the ISL team that drafts them in, but an arrangement has been agreed that they will be loaned back to Bengaluru FC for the next I-League season. Robin signed a one-year deal with FC Goa for 2016 Indian Super League season. He scored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15147639", "score": "0.9782796", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "India's Magic Star", "text": "India's Magic Star India's Magic Star was an Indian reality show that aired on STAR One. It was hosted by Karishma Tanna. Every participant performed several magic tricks in this game show. The winner of this series was \"Tejas\". The show aims to uncover the latent magical talent in the country, where in several magicians slug it out to win the honour of becoming India’s next magic star. Along the way, the magicians would have to prove themselves adept at various forms of magic - stage magic, street magic, illusions and others. Every week you will witness increasingly difficult, daring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15230900", "score": "0.97141945", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2", "text": "who began at the age of 9 and has won rave reviews ever since. This Mathura boy not only made it to the final 12 but went on to emerge as the winner of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs in 2009. Since then, there has been no looking back for the small wonder. An ace in Sufi and Classical singing, he gained acclaim from music maestros like Wadali brothers, Asha bhonsle, Anandji and Suresh Wadkar. Hemant’s latest commercial work is a jingle for Fevicol. He is working on gaining versatility in singing by learning other genres of music.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16438517", "score": "0.97120774", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Manvir Singh", "text": "Manvir Singh Manvir Singh (born 6 November 1995) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Goa in the Indian Super League. A youth product of Minerva Punjab, Singh signed with Mohammedan of the Calcutta Football League in July 2016. On 26 March 2017, Singh scored the winning goal in the 2017 Santosh Trophy Final for West Bengal against Goa. On 28 July 2017, Singh signed for Goa in the Indian Super League. On 19 August 2017, Singh made his international debut for India against Mauritius. He came on as a 87th minute substitute for Jeje Lalpekhlua", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20305010", "score": "0.967765", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Super Dancer", "text": "from Ahmednagar with her Super Guru Palden Lama Mowroh took a return on Power Card Entry. With top 9, voting started. For almost 6 weeks at a stretch, there was not a single elimination on the show. Firstly, Arushi Saxena (known as all rounder of the show) had to leave the show by normal elimination and provided the show Super 8. Mishti Sinha had to bid goodbye to the show due to an injury in her leg. Doctors suggested her to have respite and show got Super 7 . Muskan Sharma termed as \"robotic girl\" of the show had set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523595", "score": "0.96596944", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ruprekha Banerjee", "text": "and Purbayan Chatterjee. Ruprekha Banerjee Ruprekha Banerjee () (born 1984 in Kolkata) was one of the three finalists of \"Fame Gurukul\", one of the most watched television shows in India, along with Rex D'Souza and Qazi Touqeer. On 20 October 2005, she won the top prize along with Touqeer. Her debut album, \"Yeh Pal\", with Qazi Touqeer, went Double Platinum in India and sold over 5 million copies worldwide. She participated in a new reality show aired by Star Plus named \"Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar\" and \"Royal Bengal Super Star\" by Star Jalsa. Ruprekha Banerjee was born on 28 July", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6280322", "score": "0.9621684", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ritika Singh", "text": "Ritika Singh Ritika Singh (born 16 December 1994) is an Indian actress and mixed martial artist, who predominantly appears in Tamil films in addition to Hindi and Telugu films. She first worked as child artist in \"Tarzan Ki Beti\" in 2002. After competing for India at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games and then participating in the Super Fight League, she played a leading role in Sudha Kongara Prasad's Tamil film \"Irudhi Suttru\" (also simultaneously shot in Hindi as \"Saala Khadoos\") alongside R. Madhavan. She won Special Mention at the 63rd National Film Awards for her performance in the film. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19739274", "score": "0.96106863", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Super Dancer", "text": "Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are not only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523591", "score": "0.95960826", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Rising Star India (season 1)", "text": "television debut. The show is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, won Rs. 20 lakhs and also an opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The Live auditions began on 4 February 2017 and lasted for 8 episodes. The top 30 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 4 March 2017. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. Episode 9: 4 March 2017", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20515020", "score": "0.958256", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2", "text": "Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2 Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar 2 is an Indian reality show which is running on STAR Plus. It is in its 2nd season. Its 1st season premiered on 11 April 2008 and ended on 12 July 2008 now it has again started from 31 March 2012 and its finale was on 24 June 2012 Irfan won the title of \"Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2\", Sreeram took the 2nd place while Akanksha took the 3rd place The show comprises 6 Champions, who are winners of singing reality shows and 12 Challengers, who are popular faces/runners", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16438509", "score": "0.9558295", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Milind Murli Deora", "text": "privileged part of the society. The plan is to extend the talent search in organizing a tournament into a league format for Municipal and Government funded schools in South Mumbai. In April 2013, Five south Mumbai school boys - Rudolf D'Souza (13), Arfat Ansari (15), Tanaay Shah (15), Uzair Ansari (15) and Praful Kumar (16) were selected after their display in the Milind Deora soccer championships by the club's coaches for a 21-day coaching stint with English Premier League team at Queens Park Rangers F.C. in London. In October 2013, Bollywood ‘Super Star’ Salman Khan with South Mumbai MP Milind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6841379", "score": "0.9548025", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Kranti Prakash Jha", "text": "and \"Once Upon a Time in Bihar\" in lead roles. His recent portrayal of a young migrant Bihari in the viral Chhath video with Kristine Zedek, sung by Sharda Sinha and Directed By National Awarded Nitin Neera Chandra and produced by Neetu Chandra has brought many laureals and appraisals from fans. He will be next seen in the Discovery Jeet's Biopic on Indian Hockey Coach Harinder Singh. Kranti Prakash Jha Kranti Prakash Jha (born 17 November 1985) is a Bollywood actor and model from Darbhanga, Bihar, best known for his role of Santosh Lal in the 2016 Indian biographical sports", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19814548", "score": "0.95441055", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Manvir Singh", "text": "as India won 2–1..He scored his first international goal against Maldives in 2018 SAFF Championship and next two goals came in the same championship in the Semifinal against Arch rival Pakistan. Manvir Singh Manvir Singh (born 6 November 1995) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Goa in the Indian Super League. A youth product of Minerva Punjab, Singh signed with Mohammedan of the Calcutta Football League in July 2016. On 26 March 2017, Singh scored the winning goal in the 2017 Santosh Trophy Final for West Bengal against Goa. On 28 July 2017, Singh signed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20305011", "score": "0.95191705", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Saikhom Mirabai Chanu", "text": "Biren Singh, who presented her with a cash prize of 2 million. She received India's highest civilian sports honour Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for 2018. In 2018, Chanu was awarded with the Padma Shri by the Government of India. Saikhom Mirabai Chanu Saikhom Mirabai Chanu (born 8 August 1994) is an Indian weightlifter. A regular presence in international events since 2014 in the 48 kg category, Chanu has won the World Championships and multiple medals at the Commonwealth Games. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India for her contributions to the sport. Chanu had won the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18203118", "score": "0.95152336", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Film Star (film)", "text": "Film Star (film) Film Star is a 2005 Hindi film directed by Tanuja Chandra and starring Priyanshu Chatterjee, Mahima Chaudhry Vasundhara Das and Anup Shukla Hira Pandit (Mahima Chaudhry) is an actress who is nothing if not full of herself. Arrogant and thriving on only one thing - people adoring her unabashedly, and without stopping, just loving her! So naturally when this adoration stars to wane, she can't take it. Her vanity can't bear the fact that her popularity is slipping, that she's not getting nominated for awards, that her films simply aren't working like they used to. And at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15756399", "score": "0.9513986", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Super 30 (film)", "text": "Super 30 (film) Super 30 is an upcoming Indian biopic drama film co-produced and directed by Vikas Bahl, based on the life of mathematician Anand Kumar and his educational program Super 30. The film stars Hrithik Roshan as Kumar and Mrunal Thakur. The soundtrack is composed by Ajay-Atul and movie is co-produced by Ahmed khan Sajid Nadiadwala's production house Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment and Reliance Entertainment. The principal photography of the film began in February 2018. The film was also shot for 10 days in Sambhar Lake Town which will be shown as Kota, Rajasthan. \"Super 30\" is scheduled to release", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20574462", "score": "0.9502089", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Super Dancer", "text": "Name 2018 Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523599", "score": "0.94861746", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "India's Next Top Model (season 3)", "text": "airdate:\" \"Original airdate:\" \"Original airdate:\" \"Original Airdate:\" \"Original Airdate:\" This was a recap episode. India's Next Top Model (season 3) India's Next Top Model, season 3 is the third installment of \"India's Next Top Model\". It premiered on MTV India on 21 October 2017 at 7:00 pm IST (). The judges are Malaika Arora and Milind Soman. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Riya Subodh from Ahmedabad. As her prizes, she received a one-year talent contract with MTV India. \"Original airdate:\" This was the casting episode. The 16 semi-finalist had a runway show at Club Sirkus, Mumbai for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20308978", "score": "0.94860035", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Karishma Tanna", "text": "in February 2010. Tanna hosted a magic-based reality TV show, \"India's Magic Star\", that went on air in July 2010. She has also acted in the children's television program, \"Baal Veer\" (October 2012 – 2013), playing the role of Rani Pari. Tanna was a celebrity contestant in the popular controversial Colors show, \"Bigg Boss 8\", which started airing in September 2014. She spent full 4 months inside the house and became a finalist and the first runner-up. In 2015, Tanna participated in seventh season of dance couple reality show \"Nach Baliye\" along with Upen Patel. In November 2015, Karishma appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13320271", "score": "0.9479374", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2", "text": "a new album. He is very excited to be on the ‘Challengers’ team and hopes to give his best on ‘Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar’. Rajdeep Chatterjee<br> Rajdeep Chatterjee from Jamshedpur has been learning music from the age of two. He enjoys classical music and can play the tabla. His moment of pride was when he performed and shared the stage with music directors Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy. Rajdeep has participated in various competitions and even won the title of the Jharkhand Idol. What do the songs, chaand sifarish jo karta hamari… jab se tere naina… and musu musu hasi… have in common? It’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16438527", "score": "0.9465819", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "India's Next Top Model", "text": "India's Next Top Model India's Next Top Model was a Indian reality television series, which premiered on 19 July 2015 and broadcast on MTV India. The series is an Indian version of Tyra Banks-created 2003 American reality television series \"America's Next Top Model\". Short Step film UK based company CEO Stuwart to get new judge Randeep Hooda for the next season.The viewers will see several women compete for the title of \"India's Next Top Model\", providing them with an opportunity to begin their career in the modeling industry. The series is hosted by Lisa Haydon, judged by Haydon and Dabboo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18775149", "score": "0.9465649", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "India's Got Talent (season 7)", "text": "India's Got Talent (season 7) The seventh season of India's Got Talent premiered on 30 April 2016. Bharti Singh and Siddharth Shukla returned to present the show. Malaika Arora Khan and Karan Johar returned for their fourth season, while Kirron Kher returned for her seventh season. The show is presented by Maruti Suzuki and powered by L'Oréal Paris once again. The show was broadcast every weekend, Saturday-Sunday at 9 pm (IST) and had its \"Grand Finale\" on July 9, 2016; with \"Suleiman\" being declared as the latest winner of the series. The golden buzzer returned for its third series. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19537516", "score": "0.94608176", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "MS Dhoni", "text": "in the IPL for the first season auctions. Under his captaincy, Chennai Super Kings won the 2010 and 2011 and 2018Indian Premier League titles and the 2010 and 2014 Champions League T20 titles. After the suspension of CSK for two years, he was bought by Rising Pune Supergiant for US$1.9 Million in 2016, and was named captain. However, his team finished in 7th place. In 2017, his team reached the final, where they lost to Mumbai Indians. In the 2018 IPL season, Chennai Super Kings returned to IPL and Dhoni was again selected to lead the franchise. Dhoni scored 455", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4862483", "score": "0.94493616", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2010 Indian Premier League Final", "text": "a 27 off 10 balls cameo from Kieron Pollard wasn't enough to reach the target of 169. They scored 146 in the allotted 20 overs with a loss of 9 wickets. Shadab Jakati got 2 wickets and Muttiah Muralidharan, Doug Bollinger, Suresh Raina, Albie Morkel got 1 wicket each. Super Kings won the match by 22 runs to win their first Indian Premier League Title. Suresh Raina was awarded the man of the match for his knock of unbeaten 57 and a wicket. The Super Kings' campaign started with a loss against the defending champion Deccan Chargers. But they went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19868624", "score": "0.94344306", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jharkhand", "text": "represented Mumbai Indians from the 2008 Indian Premier League and currently playing for Delhi Daredevils in 2015. He was one of the key batsmen in the Indian team that won the 2008 U/19 Cricket World Cup in Malaysia. Ashunta Lakra, sister of Vimal Lakra is the Indian Hockey Captain currently.And one of the emerging sport personality is Deepika Kumari, a young Indian athlete who competes in the event of Archery. She won gold medal in the 2010 Commonwealth games in the women's individual recurve event. An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1608850", "score": "0.94304776", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "India's Magic Star", "text": "and dazzling magic acts. The acts themselves would be a mixture of magic, glamour and entertainment. India's Magic Star India's Magic Star was an Indian reality show that aired on STAR One. It was hosted by Karishma Tanna. Every participant performed several magic tricks in this game show. The winner of this series was \"Tejas\". The show aims to uncover the latent magical talent in the country, where in several magicians slug it out to win the honour of becoming India’s next magic star. Along the way, the magicians would have to prove themselves adept at various forms of magic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15230901", "score": "0.9425175", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "India's Next Superstars", "long_answer": "India's Next Superstars is a talent-searcher Indian reality show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj are declared winners of 2018 season, alongside Shruti Sharma who won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma. ", "chunked_long_answer": "India's Next Superstars is a talent-searcher Indian reality show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj are declared winners of 2018 season, alongside Shruti Sharma who won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma.", "short_answers": [ "Aman Gandotra", "Natasha Bharadwaj" ] }

[ "Magnavox Odyssey", "EVR Race" ]

[ { "title": "History of Nintendo", "text": "Their first video arcade game was 1975's EVR Race; a handful of others followed in the next several years, Radar Scope and Donkey Kong being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles. The massively popular Donkey Kong was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Nintendo arcade machines", "text": "be \"Donkey Kong\" (1981) and \"Mario Bros.\" (1983). Many of Nintendo's games were also released for their Japan-only Color TV home console series, which played arcade games on home televisions. Nintendo's first series of home consoles was commercially successful. Computer Othello (June 1978) is a clone of the board game \"Reversi\". It was the first game produced by Nintendo R&D1, the team that later produced the first \"Mario\", \"Donkey Kong\", \"Duck Hunt\", and \"Kid Icarus\" games. R&D1 was led by Gunpei Yokoi, who later created the Game Boy, and included \"Mario\" and \"Legend of Zelda\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto. Block Fever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18922249", "score": "1.0751108", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Nintendo", "text": "introduced an early iteration of Mario, then known in Japan as Jumpman, the eventual company mascot. In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi conceived the idea of a handheld video game, while observing a fellow bullet train commuter who passed the time by interacting idly with a portable LCD calculator, which gave birth to \"Game & Watch\". In 1980, Nintendo launched \"Game & Watch\"—a handheld video game series developed by Yokoi. These systems do not contain interchangeable cartridges and thus the hardware was tied to the game. The first Game & Watch game, \"Ball\", was distributed worldwide. The modern \"cross\" D-pad design was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284361", "score": "1.0710568", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Video gaming in Japan", "text": "\"Mr. Do!\" with 30,000, From 1980 to 1991, Nintendo produced a line of handheld electronic games called \"Game & Watch\". Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each \"Game & Watch\" features a single game to be played on an LCD screen. It was the earliest Nintendo product to gain major success. Konami's \"Scramble\", released in 1981, is a side-scrolling shooter with forced scrolling. It was the first scrolling shooter to offer multiple, distinct levels. Vertical scrolling shooters emerged around the same time. Namco's \"Xevious\", released in 1982, is frequently cited as the first vertical scrolling shooter and, although it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15053793", "score": "1.0605181", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Good-Feel", "text": "Good-Feel In 2008 the company transitioned into mainstream video games by becoming the developer for the Wii game \"\" from the large publisher Nintendo. This marks Good-Feel's first entry into the home console market. The company was founded by former Konami employee Etsunobu Ebisu on October 3, 2005. He told Nintendo about the new company and asked if they could work on a game. Long-time Nintendo employee Takahiro Harada asked Ebisu if he would like to make a new \"Wario Land\" title, since Harada learned before the meeting that Ebisu was involved in the development of a Nintendo DS platform", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13463614", "score": "1.0452492", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Donkey Kong (video game)", "text": "Donkey Kong (video game) The game was the latest in a series of efforts by Nintendo to break into the North American market. Hiroshi Yamauchi, Nintendo's president at the time, assigned the project to a first-time video game designer named Shigeru Miyamoto. Drawing from a wide range of inspirations, including \"Popeye\", \"Beauty and the Beast\", and \"King Kong\", Miyamoto developed the scenario and designed the game alongside Nintendo's chief engineer, Gunpei Yokoi. The two men broke new ground by using graphics as a means of characterization, including cutscenes to advance the game's plot, and integrating multiple stages into the gameplay.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3678096", "score": "1.0450084", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "World 1-1", "text": "The opening sections of Nintendo Entertainment System games such as \"Metroid\", \"The Legend of Zelda\" and \"Super Mario Bros.\" are all designed in such a way that players were forced to explore the mechanics of the game to be able to advance. \"Super Mario Bros.\" was the first side-scrolling video game featuring Mario, and one of the first video games directed and designed by Shigeru Miyamoto. Rather than confront the player with obstacles indiscriminately, the first level of \"Super Mario Bros.\" introduces the variety of hazards and objects by forcing the player interact with them \"while\" advancing through the level.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14418024", "score": "1.0435488", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Nintendo", "text": "1998, Retro Studios was founded as an alliance between Nintendo and former Iguana Entertainment founder Jeff Spangenberg. Nintendo saw an opportunity for the new studio to create games for the upcoming GameCube targeting an older demographic, in the same vein as Iguana Entertainment's successful \"\" series for the Nintendo 64. In 2001, Nintendo introduced the redesigned Game Boy Advance. The same year, Nintendo also released the GameCube to lukewarm sales, and it ultimately failed to regain the market share lost by the Nintendo 64. When Yamauchi, company president since 1949, retired on 24 May 2002, Satoru Iwata became first Nintendo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284372", "score": "1.0421519", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Nintendo arcade machines", "text": "Nintendo arcade machines Nintendo released a series of arcade games in the 1970s and 80s. The company made toys and trading card games prior to their film projection-based light gun games from 1973 to 1978. Nintendo released its first electronic arcade game in 1978, an adaptation of the board game \"Reversi\". Many of Nintendo's first video games were knockoffs, or \"clones\", of existing games with slight variations, including \"Breakout\" clones and clones of \"Space Invaders\" and \"Galaga\". Nintendo also successfully released its first Japanese home consoles, the Color TV series, which brought arcade games to personal televisions. Nintendo primarily made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18922247", "score": "1.0420805", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Satoru Iwata", "text": "be able to produce games for its newly released Nintendo Entertainment System. He traveled to Kyoto himself to request permission to work on games for the NES, to which Nintendo obliged. His first commercially published game was \"Joust\" for the NES—a port of the 1982 arcade game. Other video games he worked on were \"Balloon Fight\", \"NES Open Tournament Golf\", \"EarthBound\", and the \"Kirby\" games. Nintendo initially contacted several other developers to produce \"Open Tournament Golf\"; however, all of them declined as they did not believe the large amount of data could be stored within an NES cartridge. Iwata seized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3245681", "score": "1.0366033", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Shigeru Miyamoto", "text": "a mutual friend, Miyamoto's father arranged an interview with Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi. After showing some of his toy creations, Miyamoto was hired in 1977 as an apprentice in the planning department. Miyamoto went on to become the company's first artist. He helped create the art for the company's first original coin-operated arcade video game, \"Sheriff\". He first helped the company develop a game with the release \"Radar Scope\". The game achieved moderate success in Japan, but by , Nintendo's efforts to break it into the North American video game market had failed, leaving the company with a large number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "842753", "score": "1.0332203", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Shigeru Miyamoto", "text": "\"Star Fox\", \"Donkey Kong\", \"F-Zero\", and \"The Legend of Zelda\" series on both the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance systems. With the help of Hideo Kojima, he guided the developers of \"\". He helped with many games on the Nintendo DS, including the remake of \"Super Mario 64\", \"Super Mario 64 DS\", and the new game \"Nintendogs\", a new franchise based on his own experiences with dogs. Miyamoto played a major role in the development of the Wii, a console that popularized motion control gaming, and its launch title \"Wii Sports\", which helped show the capability of the new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "842776", "score": "1.026222", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development", "text": "known for its work on games in the \"Donkey Kong\", \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", \"F-Zero\", \"Star Fox\", \"Animal Crossing\", \"Pikmin\" and \"Wii\" series. During the 1970s, when Nintendo was still predominantly a toy company, it decided to expand into interactive entertainment and the video game industry. Several designers were hired to work under the Creative Department, which, at the time, was the only game development department within Nintendo. Among these new designers were Makoto Kano, who went on to design various Game & Watch games, and Shigeru Miyamoto, who would create various Nintendo franchises. In 1972, the department was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4318379", "score": "1.0249246", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mario", "text": "\"Dr. Mario\" itself first released in 1990). In these games, Dr. Mario throws vitamins that the player must align to destroy the viruses that populate the playing field. 1996's \"Super Mario RPG\" is the first \"Mario\" role-playing game; ten games have followed, including five in the \"Paper Mario\" series (\"Paper Mario\" for the Nintendo 64, \"\" for the GameCube, \"Super Paper Mario\" for the Wii, \"\" for the Nintendo 3DS, and \"\" for the Wii U) and six in the \"Mario & Luigi\" series (\"\" for the Game Boy Advance, \"\" and \"\" for the Nintendo DS, \"\", \"\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "855260", "score": "1.0219166", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Nintendo", "text": "In 1988, Gunpei Yokoi and his team at Nintendo R&D1 conceived the new Game Boy handheld system, with the purpose of merging the two very successful ideas of the Game & Watch's portability along with the NES's cartridge interchangeability. Nintendo released the Game Boy in Japan on 21 April 1989, and in North America on 31 July 1989. Nintendo of America president Minoru Arakawa managed a deal to bundle the popular third-party game \"Tetris\" along with the Game Boy, and the pair launched as an instant success. In 1989, Nintendo announced plans to release the successor to the Famicom, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284363", "score": "1.0211443", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of video games", "text": "high sales, largely due to the monochrome display and the lack of third-party support. In 1996 the Virtual Boy was taken off the market. After many delays, during which Sony's PlayStation gained industry acceptance, Nintendo released its 64-bit console, the Nintendo 64 in 1996. The console's flagship title, \"Super Mario 64\", became a defining title for 3D platformer games. \"PaRappa the Rapper\" popularized music video games in Japan with its 1996 debut on the PlayStation. Subsequent music and dance games like \"beatmania\" and \"Dance Dance Revolution\" became ubiquitous attractions in Japanese arcades. While \"Parappa\", \"DDR\", and other games found a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "443480", "score": "1.020385", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development", "text": "to lure Nakago away from R&D2, to help Miyamoto create his first Nintendo R&D4 video game, \"Excitebike\". And so the original R&D4 department became composed of Miyamoto, Takashi Tezuka, Kenji Miki, and Minoru Maeda handling design; Koji Kondo, Akito Nakatsuka, and Hirokazu Tanaka handling sound design; and Toshihiko Nakago and SRD became the technology and programming core. One of the first games developed by the R&D4 department was \"Mario Bros.\" in 1983, designed and directed by Miyamoto. The department was, however, unable to program the game with such an inexperienced team, and so counted with programming assistance from Gunpei Yokoi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4318383", "score": "1.0200166", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Donkey Kong (video game)", "text": "arcade machine. Twin Galaxies prohibits the use of emulators for high scores they publish because they allow undetectable cheating. Donkey Kong (video game) The game was the latest in a series of efforts by Nintendo to break into the North American market. Hiroshi Yamauchi, Nintendo's president at the time, assigned the project to a first-time video game designer named Shigeru Miyamoto. Drawing from a wide range of inspirations, including \"Popeye\", \"Beauty and the Beast\", and \"King Kong\", Miyamoto developed the scenario and designed the game alongside Nintendo's chief engineer, Gunpei Yokoi. The two men broke new ground by using graphics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3678150", "score": "1.0187318", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of games", "text": "founder of Nintendo, Fusajiro Yamauchi, initially created Japanese flower cards. These became a huge hit in the western world. Yamauchi Nintendo & Co. was their first company name, then in 1951, the company changed their name to Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. The company created a laser clay shooting system which many took on as a hobby. Nintendo then developed a 16mm projection system in 1974 which also became a huge hit in the western world. Six years later, Nintendo created “Donkey Kong”, a game in which the “Jumpman” has to rescue his girlfriend from the ape. They later named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13025551", "score": "1.0176167", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of Nintendo", "text": "The massively popular \"Donkey Kong\" was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period, including the original \"Mario Bros.\" (not to be confused with the later \"Super Mario Bros.\") In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity, Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch. Game &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8856811", "score": "1.0166883", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Game Boy family", "text": "games have been rereleased digitally through the Virtual Console service for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. Nintendo's Game Boy handheld was first released in 1989. The gaming device was the brainchild of long-time Nintendo employee Gunpei Yokoi, who was the person behind the \"Ultra Hand\", an expanding arm toy created and produced by Nintendo in 1970, long before Nintendo would enter the video game market. Yokoi was also responsible for the Game & Watch series of handhelds when Nintendo made the move from toys to video games. When Yokoi designed the original Game Boy, he knew that to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "151480", "score": "1.0164115", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", "text": "by players can get coins). After the credits, Bowser Jr. and the Koopalings help Bowser out of his unstable castle, which falls over and traps them. \"New Super Mario Bros. Wii\" was created out of a desire to recreate the \"Super Mario\" series' single-player gameplay experience for multiple players. Shigeru Miyamoto, the head game developer at Nintendo, had been interested in creating a \"Super Mario\" game with multiplayer features since the series' beginnings with the 1983 arcade game, \"Mario Bros.\" Attempts to integrate cooperative multiplayer into \"Super Mario 64\", the first 3D game in the series, ultimately failed due to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13428591", "score": "1.0155139", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", "text": "New Super Mario Bros. Wii The game's plot is similar to other side-scrolling \"Super Mario\" games. The player controls Mario as he travels eight worlds and fights Bowser's henchmen to rescue Princess Peach. \"New Super Mario Bros. Wii\" is the first \"Super Mario\" game to feature simultaneous multiplayer gameplay; up to four people can play in cooperative and competitive multiplayer modes, taking control of Mario as well as Luigi and one of two multicolored Toads. The game also introduces \"Super Guide\", which allows the player to watch a computer-controlled character complete a level. Shigeru Miyamoto had held desires to create", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13428572", "score": "1.0141456", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "History of Nintendo", "text": "Watch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock and/or an alarm. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success, with 43.4 million units sold worldwide. In 1982, Nintendo developed a prototype system dubbed the \"Advanced Video System\" (or AVS for short) and had controllers much like the NES. There were accessories such as a tape drive, a joystick and a lightgun, and along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8856812", "score": "1.0129611", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Yoshi (video game)", "text": "Yoshi (video game) Yoshi, known as Mario & Yoshi in Europe and Australia, and as in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. The game was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy consoles. Both versions were first released simultaneously in Japan on December 14, 1991, and released in all other regions the following year. In \"Yoshi\", the player is tasked with clearing monsters from the on-screen playing field. The monsters fall in from the top of the screen to build vertical stacks; the player must prevent a stack from growing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2557255", "score": "1.012216", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "text": "local release in 1993. In South Korea, it was packaged as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 \"Hyeondae Keomboi\") and distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the North American video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform. It had been preceded by Nintendo's first home video game console, the Color TV-Game, and was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12364140", "score": "1.0071831", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Wario", "text": "in which he captured Mario's castle. He also served as a villain in the 1993 Japan-only puzzle game \"Mario & Wario\", in which he drops a bucket on the head of Mario, Princess Peach, or Yoshi. This was followed by the first game in the \"Wario Land\" series, \"\" (1994), a platform game which marked Wario's first appearance as a protagonist and introduced his first villains, Captain Syrup and her Brown Sugar Pirates. His next adventure, \"Virtual Boy Wario Land\", plays similarly and incorporates the ability to move in and out of the background. A sequel for the Game Boy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "970520", "score": "1.0065187", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Super Mario Land", "text": "and \"Official Nintendo Magazine\" listed it at 73 in its top 100 Nintendo games. After her debut in \"Super Mario Land\", Princess Daisy appears in later \"Mario\" series sports and racing games. Super Mario Land Super Mario Land is a 1989 side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Nintendo as a launch title for their Game Boy handheld game console. It is the first \"Mario\" platform game ever to be released for a handheld console. In gameplay similar to that of the 1985 \"Super Mario Bros.\", but resized for the smaller device's screen, the player advances Mario to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1355081", "score": "1.0059144", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of video games", "text": "In 1979, Milton Bradley Company released the first handheld system using interchangeable cartridges, Microvision. While the handheld received modest success in the first year of production, the lack of games, screen size and video game crash of 1983 brought about the system's quick demise. In 1980, Nintendo released its Game & Watch line, handheld electronic game which spurred dozens of other game and toy companies to make their own portable games, many of which were copies of Game & Watch titles or adaptations of popular arcade games. Improving LCD technology meant the new handhelds could be more reliable and consume", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "443446", "score": "1.005656", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Nintendo", "text": "not use a CD format as expected, but would rather use cartridges as its primary media format. Nintendo IRD general manager Genyo Takeda was impressed by video game development company Rare's progress with real-time 3D graphics technology, using state of the art Silicon Graphics workstations. As a result, Nintendo bought a 25% stake in the company, eventually expanding to 49%, and offered their catalogue of characters to create a CGI game around, making Rare Nintendo's first western-based second-party developer. Their first game as partners with Nintendo was \"Donkey Kong Country\". The game was a critical success and sold over eight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284367", "score": "1.0041288", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "History of Nintendo", "long_answer": "Their first video arcade game was 1975's EVR Race; a handful of others followed in the next several years, Radar Scope and Donkey Kong being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles. The massively popular Donkey Kong was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period, including the original Mario Bros. (not to be confused with the later Super Mario Bros.) In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity, Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch.", "chunked_long_answer": "Their first video arcade game was 1975's EVR Race; a handful of others followed in the next several years, Radar Scope and Donkey Kong being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles. The massively popular Donkey Kong was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on", "short_answers": [ "EVR Race" ] }

[ "Inner Circle", "Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle" ]

[ { "title": "Bad Boys (Inner Circle song)", "text": "\"Bad Boys\" is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle, which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993, peaking at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream. It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show Cops.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Cops (Australian band)", "text": "The Cops (Australian band) The Cops were an Australian rock band that formed in late 2003 by songwriter Simon Carter and bass player/keyboardist Rebecca Darwon (ex-Fyreflyes, Del-Emmas) in Sydney, New South Wales. Initially, Simon Carter began recording songs in his parents' basement, which were unlikely to see the light of day, until he sat down with his bass-playing friend Bec Darwon and offered to play her his demos. The Cops' original line-up also included Simon Meli (The Widowbirds), Jimmy Stacks (who previously played with Carter in 'General Lee'), Andrew Gilbert (Whom Carter played with in 'Hush Honey') and Nick Kennedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9586918", "score": "1.0510437", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Cops (American band)", "text": "Weeks are currently playing in the punk outfit, Little Cuts, with Dave Hernandez of The Shins. Church and Jaworski are also playing in a side project called Puberty, which features Lars Finnberg from the Intelligence, also with Dave Hernandez. The band has earned a reputation for fierce and bombastic live performances and have toured the US consistently since their inception, with tours supporting Cursive, Jeremy Enigk, The Hold Steady, Constantines, and others. The Cops (American band) The Cops were an American rock band from Seattle, Washington including members Michael Jaworski, John Randolph, David Weeks and Drew Church. They were previously", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7435452", "score": "1.0481664", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Cops (Australian band)", "text": "and further touring were both deemed \"imminent.\" The band were also announced for the 2015 Newtown Festival in Camperdown Memorial Rest Park. The band released a new single, entitled \"Move Over Money,\" in September 2015. On 6 October 2015, it was officially announced that founding guitarist Jimmy Stacks was to rejoin the band. Ultimately, the reunion ceased activity in 2016; with Carter returning to making music as a solo artist. The Cops (Australian band) The Cops were an Australian rock band that formed in late 2003 by songwriter Simon Carter and bass player/keyboardist Rebecca Darwon (ex-Fyreflyes, Del-Emmas) in Sydney, New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9586924", "score": "1.02297", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cops (TV program)", "text": "patrolling the Dune Sea on the planet Tatooine run into some very familiar characters while being recorded for the hit Imperial TV show \"Troops\". Several short lived shows paid homage to \"Cops\" format, such as \"\" and \"Police POV\", among numerous others. Jay Leno made several parodies of the program on \"The Tonight Show\" in the mid-90s, which included rewrites of the theme song, suggesting such spin-offs as: DUMB COPS \"\"Whatcha gonna do, with a low I.Q.?\"\", SHORT COPS \"\"Whatcha gonna do, when you're 4-foot-2!?\"\", and MALL COPS \"\"Whatcha gonna do, when there's nothin' to do?\"\". A 1999 United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6219306", "score": "1.0143753", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rainey Haynes", "text": "(the role went to Diane Lane). During this time she made appearances in the infamous, now cult TV classic \"Cop Rock\". She also studied video production with director Raymond Nassau (a former cinematographer for Cecil B. DeMille). Meanwhile she was writing and performing songs that were included in film and TV soundtracks. Her voice was heard in numerous episodes of the TV series \"Fame\", and she sang the theme song to the TV series \"Dancing to the Hits\". From the mid-1980s into the 1990s she free-lanced for Hanna-Barbera Studios for both their animated TV and movie divisions as the singing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8633450", "score": "1.0014888", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Phil Regan (actor)", "text": "a detective on the NYPD, before his singing was overheard by a radio producer at a party. He was signed by CBS radio \"as a result of his singing -- gratis -- at a charity benefit.\" He became known as \"The Romantic Singer of Romantic Songs\" when he performed with Guy Lombardo and his orchestra on the Burns and Allen radio program. This earned him the nickname \"The Singing Cop\". Regan went on to headline musical comedies at both Republic and Monogram studios. His film debut was in \"The Key\". William Gilmore, in a review of the film \"Laughing Irish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5356297", "score": "0.9978688", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Cops (Australian band)", "text": "The song ended up placing at #33 in Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2006. Making Triple J's Hottest 100 was a significant achievement for the band, as founding member Simon Carter stated: In 2007, The Cops supported !!! (Chk Chk Chk) on their east coast tour; as well as Kaiser Chiefs in March, followed by a performance at The Great Escape Festival in April. The Cops released their second album, titled \"Drop It In Their Laps\", on 28 April 2007, which was followed by a promotional tour and a national tour with Expatriate. The album spawned two singles, \"Cop Pop\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9586921", "score": "0.9961127", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Homer to the Max", "text": "dialogue, Flanders is voiced by recurring cast member Karl Wiedergott instead of his regular voice actor Harry Shearer. The TV show \"Police Cops\" is a parody of the television series \"Miami Vice\". One of the new TV shows features Archie Bunker in the show \"All in the Family 1999\". Homer suggests the names Hercules Rockefeller, Rembrandt Q. Einstein, and Handsome B. Wonderful to Judge Snyder for his name change. The \"Max Power\" song is sung to the melody of \"Goldfinger\", the theme from the \"James Bond\" film \"Goldfinger\" (1964). Actor Woody Harrelson, President Bill Clinton and producers Lorne Michaels, Brian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4982674", "score": "0.9937767", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Cops (American band)", "text": "The Cops (American band) The Cops were an American rock band from Seattle, Washington including members Michael Jaworski, John Randolph, David Weeks and Drew Church. They were previously signed with Mt. Fuji Records and The Control Group. Their influences include The Kinks, The Clash and The Buzzcocks. They also incorporate elements of dub and reggae. The Cops formed in July 2004 with Michael Jaworski on lead vocals and guitar, John Randolph on guitar and David Weeks on drums. Seattle label Mt. Fuji Records released both their debut EP Why Kids Go Wrong in March 2005, and the critically acclaimed full-length", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7435449", "score": "0.9935502", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hot Action Cop", "text": "and \"The Man Show\". Werthner also wrote the theme song for the Samuel L. Jackson/Colin Farrell film \"S.W.A.T.\". Alternate clean versions of \"Fever for the Flava\" and the album version of \"Goin' Down on It\" as well with instrumental versions of both of those songs appeared on the EA video game \"\". It was also voted No. 49 on MuchMusic's (later called Fuse) list of the 50 Most Controversial Videos. Hot Action Cop Hot Action Cop is an American rock band from Nashville, TN. Long Island, NY native Rob Werthner (singer/songwriter/guitarist) formed the band in 2001 with bassist Luis Espaillat,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5021705", "score": "0.99149054", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Policeman (Eva Simons song)", "text": "On 6 November 2015 a remix with Faydee was released. Policeman (Eva Simons song) \"Policeman\" is a single by Dutch singer Eva Simons, featuring Jamaican dancehall artist Konshens. The song was released digitally to Soundcloud on 10 April 2015. A music video, directed by Rigel Kilston and featuring Simons and several backup dancers, was released on 12 May 2015 to the Clipper's sounds channel, while a lyric video was uploaded on the release date. The song was also produced by Sidney Samson, who worked with her on her previous single, \"Celebrate the Rain\". On 17 May a Dutch house remix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18786037", "score": "0.99035907", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Jim Bakkum", "text": "a young policeman just out of the police academy. From October 2006, Bakkum toured throughout the Netherlands in the leading role of Danny Zuko in the musical \"Grease\". In the spring of 2007, he hosted the TV show \"De weg naar Fame\" (\"\"The Way to Fame\"\") in which the leading roles of the musical \"Fame\" were selected. Bakkum already had the role of Nick Piazza, so in the show he guided the contestants and also hosted the show. In May 2007, he released his new single \"Doe dit, doe dat\" which entered the charts at #5. His new album \"Vrij!\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8434617", "score": "0.9885274", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "COPS (animated TV series)", "text": "in “The Case of the Ransomed Rascal”). The music for the series was created by Shuki Levy, while the \"COPS\" theme music was written and composed by Haim Saban. Numerous characters were featured in the cartoon that did not have action figures (including Mainframe, Brian O’Malley, Whitney Morgan, Nightshade, Ms. Demeanor, and Mirage). COPS is short for Central Organization of Police Specialists. They were assembled in order to combat C.R.O.O.K.S. and other bad guys. Characters include: C.R.O.O.K.S. is a crime syndicate that commits crimes in Empire City. Recurring characters include: Other villains in the show were unaffiliated with Big Boss’", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7428285", "score": "0.98364675", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kate Copstick", "text": "Kate Copstick Kate Copstick is a Paisley-born Scottish actress, television presenter, writer, critic, director and producer. She is best known for her roles on the children's TV shows \"No. 73\" and \"ChuckleVision\". She also played Marlene Marlowe in \"Marlene Marlowe Investigates\" and performed as part of the ensemble cast of former Saturday morning kid's show, \"On the Waterfront\". Copstick executive produced \"Natural Born Racers\" TV series that follows the Virgin Media R6 cup which is currently filming its fifth series. Copstick is also well known as a commentator on human sexuality. After years writing for the \"Erotic Review\", she enjoyed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8321849", "score": "0.9823371", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Cops (American band)", "text": "Fellows). The Cops debut record \"Get Good or Stay Bad\" was released by Mt. Fuji Records in November 2005 and their sophomore effort \"Free Electricity\" was co-released by Mt. Fuji Records and The Control Group labels in November 2007. \"Free Electricity\" was also mixed by the multi-talented producer Johnny Sangster (Mudhoney, Old Haunts, The Briefs). The Cops went on hiatus at the end of 2008 but have since reunited are currently working on new material for their next recording. Since The Cops hiatus, singer/guitarist Michael Jaworski has gone on to form the rock band Virgin Islands. Drew Church and Dave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7435451", "score": "0.98093474", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Greg Benson", "text": "had a rock remix of the theme song performed by Dave Days. \"He is a cop\", \"And he's learning impaired,\" \"He's the retarded policeman! (that's me!)\" Greg Benson Gregory Charles Benson (born January 23, 1968) is an American comedian, actor and director. His production company, Mediocre Films, creates comedic short films, generally for YouTube. He is a frequent director for \"The Guild\". Born in Dallas, Texas in 1968, Benson graduated from W. T. White High School in 1986. Eventually he moved to California, where he has since appeared in several television commercials. Benson is a sometime member of the ACME", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14118662", "score": "0.97676766", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Reno 911!: Miami", "text": "show character \"Terry\"), and Dwayne Johnson (professional wrestler The Rock). All members of \"The State\" appear in the film. This is the first time every member has been together on camera in quite some time. The theme song, \"Police and Thieves\", is performed by Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters and subsequent theme song \"Do Little Things\", is performed by \"Changing Faces and Ivan Matias\". This is alluded to by Lennon, Garant, and Kenney-Silver on one of the audio commentaries, who say they are not allowed to discuss who performed the song, but say viewers should \"Google it\" to find", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7666217", "score": "0.97666407", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Linus of Hollywood", "text": "Hewitt, Kaela Kimura, Kiera Chaplin, Kool Keith, Kylee, Laura Dawn, Lil' Kim, The Leftovers, Margo Guryan, MC Lars, Mis-Teeq, Nerf Herder, Ol' Dirty Bastard, OPM, Parry Gripp, Paul Gilbert, People on Vacation, Probyn Gregory (of The Wondermints), Puffy AmiYumi, Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., Rx Bandits, Puff Daddy, The Smashing Pumpkins, Tim Burgess, and Wisely. In 2010 he formed the band Palmdale with former Letters to Cleo vocalist/songwriter Kay Hanley and released two EPs, \"Get Wasted\" and \"How To Be Mean\". Dotson co-wrote the theme song for Nickelodeon's School of Rock (TV series), and writes music for the show as well.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11794334", "score": "0.9718429", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sugar (Robin Schulz song)", "text": "Barnatt), who gyrates and grooves to the tune of the song while driving. Schulz also appears on a billboard for a concert. In the end, references are made to the music video of Baby Bash's \"Suga Suga\" when the police officer dresses in the clothes that match those of Baby Bash in that video: a green T-shirt over a white T-shirt, baggy jeans, a chain and a white beanie. At the end of the video, his car meets an accident and tumbles upside down, albeit still leaving the officer dancing as additional police cars arrive at the scene. The song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18914398", "score": "0.9708022", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Cops (Australian band)", "text": "(ex-Big Heavy Stuff). In early 2004, the band released their debut self-titled E.P. on Reverberation. In late 2004, The Cops signed with small independent record label Love Police Records, releasing the debut album \"Stomp On Tripwires\" in September that year. In 2005, the band undertook numerous tours, with support slots for bands such as Blondie, The Dirtbombs, The Distillers, The Donnas, Dallas Crane and The Von Bondies; while also receiving nominations for 'Best Newcomer' and 'Best Bass Player' at the 2005 Jack Awards. In May 2005, Jimmy Stacks left the band. This was followed by the departure of guitarist Andrew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9586919", "score": "0.9643711", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mike Post", "text": "Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"The A-Team\", \"NYPD Blue\", \"Renegade,\" \"The Rockford Files\", \"L.A. Law\", \"Quantum Leap\", \"Magnum, P.I.\", and \"Hill Street Blues\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on to become The Murmaids. Their first single, \"Popsicles and Icicles\" (written by David Gates), was a #3 hit song in January 1964. Post also provided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3290685", "score": "0.9642302", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lindsay Robins", "text": "Lindsay Robins Lindsay Robins (born December 18, 1986 in Montreal, Quebec) is a singer-songwriter who wrote and performed the theme song \"What Would You Do\" for the VJ Search reality series on MuchMusic, which went on to be the 2007 recipient of The North American Promax Award for Best Music Package/Theme Song. She has written and performed music for the television series Instant Star, and in 2006, released a solo rock album, \"Dirty Chemistry\", on Aquarius Records. Her debut solo record, \"Dirty Chemistry\" was produced by songwriters Christopher Ward and Fred St-Gelais, who have worked with artists such as Alannah", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7839998", "score": "0.963179", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Cop Rock", "text": "was working on another Bochco series at the time, \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\"), while Episode 8 featured cameos by \"L.A. Law\" stars Jimmy Smits and Michele Greene. The series' theme song, \"Under the Gun\", was written by Randy Newman, who also performed it in the series' title sequence music video-style in a recording studio, complete with a full backing band and the show's cast (appearing out of character) serving as an audience. Mike Post, who served as \"Cop Rock\"s music supervisor, was also part of Newman's band in that opening sequence; Post is the keyboardist in dark glasses sitting next to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "720875", "score": "0.9619849", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lindsay Robins", "text": "for \"I Can't Forget Your Face\" is directed by Erik Canuel, who directed Bon Cop Bad Cop, one of the highest grossing Canadian films to date) She has also shared the stage with the likes of Simple Plan, Mobile and Eva Avila. Now, Robins has teamed up with Josh Rand, guitarist of the band Stone Sour, and together they make up the hard rock band Moonshot. Lindsay also now fronts the Toronto-based hard rock band Crooked Valentine. Dirty Chemistry Lindsay Robins Lindsay Robins (born December 18, 1986 in Montreal, Quebec) is a singer-songwriter who wrote and performed the theme song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7840000", "score": "0.96177524", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Cops (Australian band)", "text": "Gilbert and drummer Nick Kennedy. Carter and Darwon decided to rebuild the band, with Todd Smith being retained on keys, Jarrod Murphy, (ex-Major) on guitar and Nicholai Danko (78 Saab) on drums. The band also left their label, Love Police Records, and signed to Inertia Recordings in 2006 as the label's first exclusive recording artist. The new line-up of the band recorded and released an EP entitled \"80 In The Shade\" in November 2006. The EP's lead single, \"Call Me Anytime,\" received significant airplay on numerous indie radio stations; with the video being played on MTV, Channel [V] and Rage.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9586920", "score": "0.9572599", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Policeman (Eva Simons song)", "text": "Policeman (Eva Simons song) \"Policeman\" is a single by Dutch singer Eva Simons, featuring Jamaican dancehall artist Konshens. The song was released digitally to Soundcloud on 10 April 2015. A music video, directed by Rigel Kilston and featuring Simons and several backup dancers, was released on 12 May 2015 to the Clipper's sounds channel, while a lyric video was uploaded on the release date. The song was also produced by Sidney Samson, who worked with her on her previous single, \"Celebrate the Rain\". On 17 May a Dutch house remix was released by Sidney Samson and Gwise for free download.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18786036", "score": "0.9564817", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Chris Tsuper", "text": "Chris Tsuper Adrian Policena (born December 7, 1979 in Lucban, Quezon, Philippines), also known as Chris Tsuper, is a radio disc jockey and recording artist in the Philippines. He is best known for his program \"Tambalang Balasubas at Balahura\" (with co-host Nicole Hyala) at 90.7 Love Radio and through Love Radio stations nationwide. Policena took his primary and secondary education in his hometown of Lucban, Quezon. He is also a graduate of Mass Communication at Far Eastern University. When he headed back to Lucena, he was discovered by Lady Love, the station manager of 100.7 Love Radio Lucena. Thus he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13408786", "score": "0.9562131", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Jon Lajoie", "text": "FXX TV show \"The League\" as Taco MacArthur, a perpetually stoned and unemployed musician. Lajoie performs his songs \"The Birthday Song\" and \"Vaginal Hubris\" in two episodes of the first season. Throughout the series, Lajoie performed songs written for the show. Lajoie filmed an episode of \"Comedy Central Presents\" on November 7, 2009. It premiered on March 5, 2010. The same special aired uncensored as part of Comedy Central's Secret Stash on June 6 featuring the world premiere of the video for his song \"Pop Song\". Lajoie was featured in the 2014 movie \"Let's Be Cops\", as the boss of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12226385", "score": "0.956069", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ed Deacy", "text": "District Leader for South Queens since 2007. While on the Police Dept, and afterward, Ed Deacy went on to continue his singing career, and also to appear in films, notably \"Goodfellas\", \"Sea of Love\", \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\", and TV sseries, \"Law & Order\", \"The Sopranos\" and \"Sex and the City\". Ed Deacy Ed Deacy (born April 28, 1946 in Brooklyn) is a retired New York City police detective who has had notable singing and acting gigs. Perhaps best known as the one-time \"official national anthem singer\" for the New York City Police Department, Deacy has sung at Madison Square Garden,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7226459", "score": "0.95293725", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Bad Boys (Inner Circle song)", "long_answer": "\"Bad Boys\" is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle, which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993, peaking at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream. It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show Cops.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Bad Boys\" is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle, which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993, peaking at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream. It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show Cops.", "short_answers": [ "Inner Circle", "Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle" ] }

[ "White Sox", "Los Angeles Dodgers" ]

[ { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "The next major Chicago sports championship came in 2010, when the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks ended a 49-year Stanley Cup title drought. With the Chicago Bears' win in Super Bowl XX and the Chicago Cubs' own World Series championship in 2016, all Chicago sports teams have won at least one major championship since 1985. Meanwhile, the Astros themselves made it back to the World Series in 2017, but this time as an AL team, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, resulting in Houston's first professional sports championship since the 2006–07 Houston Dynamo won their back-to-back MLS Championships.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "Jermaine Dye was hit by a pitched ball. The Astros brought in Chad Qualls, who promptly served up a grand slam to Paul Konerko on his first pitch, the 18th grand slam in the annals of the Fall Classic. In the top of the ninth, Sox closer Bobby Jenks blew the save on a game-tying pinch-hit single by José Vizcaíno. In the bottom of the ninth, Astros closer Brad Lidge gave up a one-out, walk-off home run—the 14th in Series history—to Scott Podsednik, giving Lidge his second loss in as many post-season appearances (his previous appearance was in Game 5", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4200532", "score": "0.95974755", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2004 World Series", "text": "two games in St. Louis. However, the Astros tied the series in the next two games in Houston, before a combined one-hitter by Astros pitchers Brandon Backe and Brad Lidge gave them the series lead. An RBI single by Jeff Bagwell in the 9th inning of Game 6 tied the game and forced extra innings. In the 12th, Edmonds won the game for the Cardinals with a walk-off home run. Trailing in the sixth inning of Game 7, a game-tying RBI double by Albert Pujols followed by a Scott Rolen two-run home run and then an RBI single by Larry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3939246", "score": "0.9542462", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "the same game. Game 3 was the first World Series game played in the state of Texas. Before the game, it was ruled by Commissioner Bud Selig that the retractable roof would be open at Minute Maid Park, weather permitting. The Astros objected, citing that their record in games with the roof closed was better than with the retractable roof open. Selig's office claimed that the ruling was based on the rules established by Houston and were consistent with how the Astros organization treated the situation all year long, as well as the weather forecasts for that period of time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4200534", "score": "0.951192", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "Game 3 were Yu Darvish for the Dodgers and Lance McCullers Jr. for the Astros. The Astros scored four runs in the bottom of the second inning on a home run by Yuli Gurriel and RBIs by González, Brian McCann, and Bregman. Darvish left the game after innings, which was the shortest outing of his career. The Dodgers scored one run in the top of the third inning as Seager grounded into a double play after McCullers loaded the bases with three consecutive walks. The Astros added another run in the fifth on an RBI single by Evan Gattis and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533465", "score": "0.9472413", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "1980 National League Championship Series", "text": "run in the bottom of the inning on an error by Reynolds at shortstop. But Astros reliever Joaquín Andújar came in and held on for the save to tie the series at 1-1. Houston's Astrodome was always known as a pitcher's park, and the domed stadium lived up to its reputation when the series moved there for Game 3. The two teams' pitching staffs combined to yield only thirteen hits and one run in the game's eleven innings. Houston's Joe Niekro pitched ten strong innings but missed out on what would have been a win, while Phillies closer Tug McGraw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7961031", "score": "0.94490826", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2005 National League Championship Series", "text": "Rodriguez in the fifth. The Astros scored one run in the sixth on Adam Everett's sacrifice bunt off of Jason Marquis and another in the seventh on Morgan Ensberg's RBI single off of Julian Tavarez. This was the final game at Busch Stadium (II). This would also be the Astros' last postseason win as a member of the NL, as they would get swept in the World Series, move to the AL in 2013, and would not win another postseason game until the 2015 American League Wild Card Game. Roy Oswalt was named the series MVP. In two starts, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148313", "score": "0.94261", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2004 National League Championship Series", "text": "off Dan Miceli, sending the series to a Game 7 showdown. Thursday, October 21, 2004 at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri The final, deciding Game 7 started off with Astros' leadoff man Craig Biggio smacking a home run in the game's first at-bat off Cardinals' starter Jeff Suppan to make it 1–0. The Astros' threat continued in the second by putting two men on, but, thanks to a tremendous catch by center fielder Jim Edmonds, the Cardinals were able to get out of the inning unscathed. In the third, however, the Astros made it 2–0 with Carlos Beltrán,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937791", "score": "0.9413984", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2017 American League Championship Series", "text": "3 8–1. Game 4 began as a pitcher's duel. The Yankees' Sonny Gray threw five scoreless innings, allowing only one hit while Astros' Lance McCullers Jr. threw six shutout innings with one hit. With the bases loaded in the top of the sixth on two walks and a catcher's interference call, Yuli Gurriel cleared them with a double off of David Robertson to put the Astros up 3–0. The next inning, a Starlin Castro fielding error allowed Marwin González, who doubled, to score, increasing the lead to 4–0. In the bottom of the seventh, Aaron Judge hit a home run,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105830", "score": "0.94065154", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "base. In the bottom of the seventh inning, Springer hit a home run off the first pitch he saw off of Morrow, who was pitching for the third consecutive day, to tie the game. Bregman scored on a double by Altuve to put the Astros ahead for the first time in the game, and then Correa hit a two-run home run to extend the lead. Seager doubled in a run in the top of the eighth inning, but McCann hit a home run in the bottom of the inning. That was the 21st home run of the series, tying the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533472", "score": "0.93942213", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Bud Selig", "text": "held by the Astros. The roof was closed for all prior playoff games and similar weather conditions. For Hurricane Ike in 2008, Selig mandated that the Astros play two home games against the Chicago Cubs in his hometown of Milwaukee despite proximity to the visiting Cubs; the home ballparks for the Texas Rangers and Atlanta Braves were both available to host the games. The Astros subsequently were victims of a no-hitter by Carlos Zambrano and recorded a single hit in the following game. In the midst of the playoff race, this decision and its impact deeply affected the playoff race", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "55399", "score": "0.939215", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "extra innings. José Altuve and Correa hit home runs off Josh Fields in the tenth inning to put the Astros in the lead. In the bottom of the inning, Yasiel Puig hit a home run off of Ken Giles and Enrique Hernández drove in Logan Forsythe to tie the game, with the latter being the Dodgers' first run that was not driven in by a home run. In the next inning, George Springer hit a two-run home run for the Astros off of Brandon McCarthy to retake the lead. In the bottom of the 11th inning, Charlie Culberson homered off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533463", "score": "0.93773794", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "first team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533452", "score": "0.93758035", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2001 National League Division Series", "text": "With that record, 2001 was also the Braves' worst season since 1990, when they had the worst record in baseball. The Houston Astros were in the playoffs for the seventh time, hoping to avenge two postseason losses in the 1990s to the Braves. At 93–69, and having home field advantage throughout the playoffs, the Astros were heavily favored to win this series. Enron Field in Houston In Game 1, Greg Maddux of Atlanta faced Wade Miller of Houston. Brian Jordan drove in the first two runs of the game, hitting a sacrifice fly in the first with runners on first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8325796", "score": "0.9348707", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save. The two-hour, 28-minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in . The starting pitchers for Game 2 were Rich Hill for the Dodgers and Justin Verlander for the Astros. The Astros scored first when Bregman drove in Josh Reddick with a hit in the third inning. Hill struck out seven in four innings but was replaced by Kenta Maeda in the fifth. Joc Pederson tied the game with a home run in the bottom of the fifth inning, and the Dodgers took the lead when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533461", "score": "0.93227994", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2017 American League Division Series", "text": "the Astros victory and give them a 1–0 start to the series. For the second straight day, the Astros defeated the Red Sox 8–2. Carlos Correa got the offense going with a two-run home run in the first inning off Drew Pomeranz. Jackie Bradley Jr. got Boston on the board in the second inning with an RBI single with two on. George Springer hit his first home run of the postseason in the bottom of the third while José Altuve drove in another run with a single after an Alex Bregman double. Dallas Keuchel went 5 innings with seven strikeouts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20102762", "score": "0.9298103", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2004 National League Championship Series", "text": "walks as the Cardinals' 6−4 win put them up 2−0 in the series heading to Houston. Saturday, October 16, 2004 at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas In the first game of the series played in Houston's Minute Maid Park, the Cardinals went up 1−0 in the first on Larry Walker's one-out home run, but the Astros tied it in the bottom of the inning off Jeff Suppan on Lance Berkman's RBI single before Jeff Kent's two-run home run put them up 3−1. Jim Edmonds' leadoff home run in the second cut it to 3−2, but the Astros added two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937784", "score": "0.9286988", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2004 National League Championship Series", "text": "Renteria and Reggie Sanders hit back-to-back leadoff singles before a sacrifice bunt moved them up one base. Pinch hitter Roger Cedeno's groundout scored Renteria to put the Cardinals up 3–2 for the first time in this game. Tony Womack followed with an RBI single, then stole second before scoring on Walker's single aided by shortstop Jose Vizcaino's error. After Qualls walked Pujols, Chad Harville in relief walked Rolen to load the bases before Jim Edmonds cleared them with a double to put the Cardinals up 10-4. The Astros cut it to 10−6 with a two-run home run from Lance Berkman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937781", "score": "0.92830694", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "in the second game, but gave up 3 runs in the 7th and 2 in the 9th and lost 9–6. In the final game of the series, the Phillies's Roy Halladay pitched a complete game allowing only one run to win 2–1, to sweep the Astros and give them a six-game losing streak. Going on the road for the first time this season, the Astros visited Busch Stadium to face the St. Louis Cardinals for a three-game series. The Astros lost 5–0 in game one of the series, as Adam Wainwright pitched 8 shutout innings to get the win. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939990", "score": "0.92648035", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2015 American League Division Series", "text": "the Astros a lead of 6-2. Now trailing by four runs and six outs away from being eliminated from the postseason, Kansas City opened the eighth with five straight singles off relievers Will Harris and Tony Sipp, with RBI hits by Lorenzo Cain and Eric Hosmer making it 6–4 and loading the bases with no outs. Kendrys Morales followed with a hard, one-bouncer off Sipp's glove. The ball took two more hops and got past the top of Carlos Correa's mitt, rolling into center field as two runs scored to tie it at six. Alex Gordon's RBI groundout off Luke", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981306", "score": "0.9249301", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "fine, after being hospitalized. The Astros would win that game 5–2. In the final game of the series, the Astros put up 10 runs and won 10–3, despite Pittsburgh outhitting the Astros 14–10, to secure the Astros first series sweep of the season, and their third consecutive series win. The Astros outscored the Pirates 19–8 on the backs of great pitching by Roy Oswalt, Wandy Rodríguez, and Brett Myers, who combined to give up only 5 earned runs over 20.1 innings pitched over the course of the series. After the last game, the Astros had won 7 out of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939994", "score": "0.9235251", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "Dodgers. Houston got the final AL playoff spot and faced the Yankees in the Wild Card Game on October 6 at New York. They defeated the Yankees 3–0, but lost to the Kansas City Royals in the American League Division Series. The Astros split the first two games of the ALDS best-of-five series in Kansas City. The Astros won the first game at Minute Maid to take a 2–1 lead in the ALDS. In game 4, after 7 innings, the Astros had a 6–2 lead. In the top half of the eighth inning, which took about 45 minutes to end,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183866", "score": "0.919402", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2011 World Series", "text": "fan in the suburbs of St. Louis, said that as he was circling the bases after his home run, he was thinking about a similar walk-off homer by Jim Edmonds for the Cardinals in Game 6 of the 2004 National League Championship Series. After Freese said he remembered that home run, Lance Berkman, who played for the losing Houston Astros in that series, said \"So do I.\" Before Game 7, the Cardinals replaced Matt Holliday, who sprained his wrist in Game 6, on their roster with Adron Chambers. Josh Hamilton and Michael Young had RBI doubles in the first inning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14578049", "score": "0.9193884", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2017 Houston Astros season", "text": "three innings before the Astros scored in the bottom of the fourth. Altuve hit an infield single and stole second base before Carlos Correa drove him in with an RBI single. Yuli Gurriel drove in Correa to give the Astros a 2–0 lead. Keuchel recorded ten strikeouts, allowing four hits and no runs in seven innings. Tanaka pitched six innings with three strikeouts and allowed two earned runs. The Yankees scored their only run of the game in the ninth, when closer Ken Giles allowed a solo home run to Greg Bird before striking out Jacoby Ellsbury swinging to end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19734819", "score": "0.91587335", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2004 National League Championship Series", "text": "in Houston, Texas The Astros defeated the Cardinals 3–0 in Game 5 with Jeff Kent driving in the winning runs with a walk-off home run in the bottom of the ninth off Jason Isringhausen. Astros starter Brandon Backe took a perfect game into the fifth inning, when he walked Cardinals center fielder Jim Edmonds, and allowed only one hit (a single to second baseman Tony Womack in the sixth) in eight innings. The Cardinals' Woody Williams was nearly as effective, allowing only one hit (a two-out single to Jeff Bagwell in the first) and two walks over seven innings. Houston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937788", "score": "0.9158547", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1980 National League Championship Series", "text": "took the loss. Both teams did get men to third on a few occasions: Houston in the first and fourth and Philadelphia in the third. But the staffs held firm until the bottom of the eleventh. Joe Morgan led off the inning for the Astros with a triple to right. After two intentional walks Denny Walling hit a sacrifice fly to bring home the game's only run and give Houston the victory. The Astros were now just one win away from the franchise's first-ever appearance in the World Series. In what was by now a familiar pattern, Game 4 turned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7961032", "score": "0.9156187", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2005 National League Championship Series", "text": "October 19, 2005 at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri The Astros shook off the effects of their Game 5 loss, and rolled to win their first National League pennant in 44 seasons of existence with a decisive 5–1 win over the Cardinals. The Astros scored a run in the third when the Cardinals' Mark Mulder threw a wild pitch to Craig Biggio with runners on second and third, then Biggio's RBI single scored another. Jason Lane's home run in the fourth put them up 3−0. Roy Oswalt pitched seven strong innings, allowing only a sacrifice fly to John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148312", "score": "0.91556764", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "on both teams noted that this difference has made it more difficult for them to throw their sliders. Kershaw and Keuchel started Game 5, in a rematch of the opening game of the series. Forsythe singled in two runs off of Keuchel in the first inning to put the Dodgers up early. A third run scored on a throwing error by Gurriel. Barnes singled in the fourth to score Forsythe. Keuchel pitched innings for the Astros, allowing five hits and four runs (three earned). The Astros scored their first run with an RBI double by Correa in the bottom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533470", "score": "0.9138633", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "History of the Houston Astros", "text": "for the first time in team history. They have played Boston previously in 2003, but they were swept when they played in Fenway Park. On September 14, the Astros lost a no-hitter to the Chicago Cubs while playing in Milwaukee due to Hurricane Ike. The 2010 season was the first season as Astros manager for Brad Mills, who was previously the bench coach of the Boston Red Sox. The Astros struggled throughout a season that was marked by trade-deadline deals that sent long time Astros to other teams. On July 29, the Astros' ace starting pitcher, Roy Oswalt, was dealt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10180985", "score": "0.91373336", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2017 American League Championship Series", "text": "an RBI single. Yuli Gurriel drove in Correa to give the Astros a 2–0 lead. Keuchel recorded ten strikeouts, allowing four hits and no runs in seven innings. Tanaka pitched six innings with three strikeouts and allowed two earned runs. Chad Green relieved Tanaka and threw two scoreless innings. Ken Giles was brought in with one out in the eighth for a five-out save. He struck out four of six but allowed a home run to Greg Bird before striking out Jacoby Ellsbury swinging to end the game. It was his second save of this postseason. Justin Verlander threw a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105826", "score": "0.91344285", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "2005 World Series", "long_answer": "This was the city of Chicago's first professional sports championship since the Chicago Fire won MLS Cup '98 (which came four months after the Chicago Bulls' sixth NBA championship that year). The next major Chicago sports championship came in 2010, when the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks ended a 49-year Stanley Cup title drought. With the Chicago Bears' win in Super Bowl XX and the Chicago Cubs' own World Series championship in 2016, all Chicago sports teams have won at least one major championship since 1985. Meanwhile, the Astros themselves made it back to the World Series in 2017, but this time as an AL team, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, resulting in Houston's first professional sports championship since the 2006–07 Houston Dynamo won their back-to-back MLS Championships.", "chunked_long_answer": "The next major Chicago sports championship came in 2010, when the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks ended a 49-year Stanley Cup title drought. With the Chicago Bears' win in Super Bowl XX and the Chicago Cubs' own World Series championship in 2016, all Chicago sports teams have won at least one major championship since 1985. Meanwhile, the Astros themselves made it back to the World Series in 2017, but this time as an AL team, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, resulting in Houston's first professional sports championship since the 2006–07 Houston Dynamo won their back-to-back MLS Championships.", "short_answers": [ "Los Angeles Dodgers" ] }

[ "1938", "1933", "1912" ]

[ { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "In 1933, the Roosevelt administration made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage, when a $0.25 per hour standard was set as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act. However, in the 1935 court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (295 U.S. 495), the US Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage was abolished. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, once again at $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). In 1941, the Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "per hour ($11.65 in 2018 dollars). The real value of the Federal minimum wage in 2016 dollars has decreased by one-third since 1968. The minimum wage would be $11 in 2016 if its real value had remained at the 1968 level. From January 1981 to April 1990, the minimum wage was frozen at $3.35 per hour, then a record-setting minimum wage freeze. From September 1, 1997 through July 23, 2007, the federal minimum wage remained constant at $5.15 per hour, breaking the old record. In 2009 the minimum wage was adjusted to $7.25 where it has remained fixed for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313744", "score": "1.124427", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "state minimum wage laws passed throughout the United States. The first successful attempts at using minimum wage laws to ameliorate the problem of nonliving wages occurred in the Australian state of Victoria in 1896. Factory inspector reports and newspaper reporting on the conditions of sweated labor in Melbourne, Victoria led in 1895 to the formation of the National Anti-Sweating League which pushed the government aggressively to deal legislatively with the problem of substandard wages. The government, following the recommendation of the Victorian Chief Secretary Alexander Peacock, established wage boards which were tasked with establishing minimum wages in the labor trades", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313721", "score": "1.1191413", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "wage to $15 per hour by 2024 and index it to inflation. The Raise the Wage Act of 2017, which was simultaneously introduced in the House of Representatives with 166 Democratic cosponsors, would raise the minimum wage to $9.25 per hour immediately, and then gradually increase it to $15 per hour by 2024, while simultaneously raising the minimum wage for tipped workers and phasing it out. The legislation was introduced according to Senator Bernie Sanders to make sure that every worker has at least a modest and decent standard of living. In the United States, different states are able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313736", "score": "1.1137106", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Minimum wage law", "text": "United States. It was signed into law on May 25, 2007 as a rider to the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. The act implemented three increases to the federal minimum wage—from $5.15 an hour to $5.85 per hour on July 24, 2007, to $6.55 per hour on July 24, 2008, and to $7.25 an hour on July 24, 2009. Nearly all states within the United States have minimum wage laws; Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee are the only states yet to set a minimum wage law. As of July 24,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9677844", "score": "1.10379", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "Minimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313718", "score": "1.101639", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "city in the U.S. to reach a minimum wage of $15.00 per hour on July 1, 2018. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. The minimum wage in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., will be $15.00 per hour in 2020. Similarly, the minimum wage in Minneapolis, Minnesota will be $15.00 per hour by 2022. A growing number of other California cities have also enacted local minimum wage ordinances to increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour, including Berkeley, El Cerrito, Emeryville, Mountain View, Oakland, Richmond, and San Jose. Some minimum wage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313741", "score": "1.0989596", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "was strongly supported by President Barack Obama and many of the Democratic Senators, but strongly opposed by Republicans in the Senate and House. Later in 2014, voters in the Republican-controlled states of Alaska, Arkansas, Nebraska and South Dakota considered ballot initiatives to raise the minimum wage above the national rate of $7.25 per hour, which were successful in all four states. The results provided evidence that raising minimum wage has support across party lines. In April 2017, Senator Bernie Sanders and Senator Patty Murray, backed by 28 of the Senate's Democrats, introduced new federal legislation which would raise the minimum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313735", "score": "1.0944633", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "to the May 2009 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2009 (when the federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour) were the following: Minimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313774", "score": "1.0921648", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "which suffered from nonlivable wages. During the same time period, campaigns against sweated labor were occurring in the United States and England. As in Australia, civic concern for sweated labor developed in the United States towards the end of the Gilded Age. In New York state in 1890, a group of female reformers who were worried about the harsh conditions of sweated labor in the country formed the Consumer's League of the City of New York. The consumer group sought to improve working conditions by boycotting products which were made under sweated conditions and did not conform to a code", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313722", "score": "1.0877248", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2006 (when the federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour) were the following: Two years later, in May 2008, when the federal minimum wage was $5.85 per hour and was about to increase to $6.55 per hour in July 2008, these same sectors were still the lowest-paying, but their situation (according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data) was: In 2006, workers in the following 13 individual occupations received, on average, a median hourly wage of less than $8.00 per hour: In 2008, only two occupations paid a median wage less than $8.00 per hour: According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313773", "score": "1.0862441", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "states that significantly raises the minimum wage. California is set to raise its minimum wage to $15.00 per hour by January 1, 2023. Colorado is set to raise its minimum wage from $9.30 per hour to $12 per hour by January 1, 2020, rising $0.90 per year. New York has also passed legislation to increase its minimum wage to $15.00 per hour over time, certain counties and larger companies are set on faster schedules than others. A number of other cities and states across the country are also debating and enacting legislation to increase the minimum wage for low wage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313738", "score": "1.0848187", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "referendum or legislative action. Using 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars, the federal minimum wage peaked at $11.77 per hour in 1968. If the minimum wage in 1968 had kept up with labor's productivity growth, it would have reached $19.33 in 2017. There is a racial difference in support for a higher minimum wage with most Black and Latino individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of Whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3% of White, Asian, and Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Amongst Black workers, the percentage was about 4%. Minimum wage legislation emerged at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313719", "score": "1.0831988", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "led in subsequent years to citywide local minimum wage laws which apply to all workers. In the current wave of minimum wage legislative action, Seattle, Washington was the first city to pass on June 2, 2014 a local ordinance to increase the minimum wage for all workers to $15.00 per hour, which phases in over seven years. This ordinance followed the referendum in SeaTac, Washington in November 2013, which raised on a more limited scale the local minimum wage to $15.00 for transportation and hospitality workers. Numerous other cities have followed Seattle's example since. San Francisco became the first major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313740", "score": "1.0806589", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "growing protest and advocacy movement called \"Fight for $15\", initially growing out of fast food worker strikes, has advocated for an increase in the minimum wage to a living wage. Since the start of these protests, a number of states and cities have increased their minimum wage. In 2014 Connecticut for instance passed legislation to raise the minimum wage from $8.70 to $10.10 per hour by 2017, making it one of about six states at the time to aim at or above $10.00 per hour. In 2014 and 2015, several cities, including San Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, and Washington D.C.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313733", "score": "1.0789299", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Minimum Wage Fairness Act", "text": "of July 2009, the federal government mandates a nationwide minimum wage level of $7.25 per hour, while some states and municipalities have set minimum wage levels higher than the federal level, with the highest state minimum wage being $9.47 per hour in Washington as of January 1, 2015. Among those paid by the hour in 2013, 1.5 million were reported as earning exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage. About 1.8 million were reported as earning wages below the minimum. Together, these 3.3 million workers with wages at or below the minimum represent, respectively: 1.0% of the population, 1.6% of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17969924", "score": "1.0712426", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Income inequality in the United States", "text": "there were 21 states with minimum wages above the Federal minimum, with the State of Washington the highest at $9.32. Ten states index their minimum wage to inflation. The Pew Center reported in January 2014 that 73% of Americans supported raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour. By party, 53% of Republicans and 90% of Democrats favored this action. Also in January 2014, six hundred economists sent the President and Congress a letter urging for a minimum wage hike to $10.10 an hour by 2016. In February 2014, the CBO reported the effects of a minimum wage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10467094", "score": "1.0704589", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "set their own minimum wages independent of the federal government. When the state and federal minimum wage differ the higher wage prevails. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour. A number of states have also in recent years enacted state preemption laws, which restrict local community rights, and bar local governments from setting their own minimum wage amounts. As of 2017, state preemption laws for local minimum wages have passed in 25 states. Legislation has passed recently in multiple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313737", "score": "1.0694225", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "In 2003 San Francisco, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico were the first cities to approve consumer price indexing for their minimum wage. Oregon and Florida were the next states to link their minimum wages to the consumer price index. Later in 2006, voters in six states (Arizona, Colorado, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, and Ohio) approved statewide increases in the state minimum wage. The amounts of these increases ranged from $1 to $1.70 per hour, and all increases were designed to annually index to inflation. As of 2018, the minimum wage is indexed to inflation in 17 states. Since 2012, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313732", "score": "1.0679201", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Minimum wage law", "text": "per hour. In addition to federal and state minimum wage laws, the US also has citywide minimum wage laws ($14.00 in San Francisco). According to the Economic Policy Institute, the minimum wage in the United States would have been $18.28 in 2013 if the minimum wage kept pace with labor productivity. To adjust for increased rates of worker productivity in the United States, raising the minimum wage to $22 (or more) an hour has been presented. International Labour Organization insists \"minimum wage fixing\" for rights of labours and has adopted Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery Convention, 1928, Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery (Agriculture)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9677846", "score": "1.0649337", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "February 2014 that raising the minimum wage would reduce the number of persons below the poverty income threshold by 900,000 under the $10.10 option versus 300,000 under the $9.00 option. Similarly, Arindrajit Dube, professor of economics at University of Massachusetts Amherst, found in a 2017 study \"robust evidence that higher minimum wages lead to increases in incomes among families at the bottom of the income distribution and that these wages reduce the poverty rate.\" According to the study \"a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage reduces the nonelderly poverty rate by about 5 percent.\" In contrast, research conducted by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313760", "score": "1.0646764", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "past nine years. The purchasing power of the federal minimum wage has fluctuated. Since 1984, the purchasing power of the federal minimum wage has decreased. Measured in real terms (adjusted for inflation) using 1984 dollars, the real minimum wage was $3.35 in 1984, $2.33 in 1994, $1.84 in 2004, and $1.46 in 2014. If the minimum wage had been raised to $10.10 in 2014, that would have equated to $4.40 in 1984 dollars. This would have been equal to a 31% increase in purchasing power, despite the nominal value of the minimum wage increasing by 216% in the same time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313745", "score": "1.0646627", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007", "text": "$7.25 per hour 12 months after that (2009-07-24). In addition, the act provides for the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa to make the transition to the federal minimum wage on alternate timetables. As of 2008, 13 states already had minimum wage rates at or above $7.25 per hour. These states were therefore unaffected by the increase. The act was a component of the new Democratic majority's 100-Hour Plan in the United States House of Representatives. It was introduced into the House on January 5, 2007, by George Miller (D-CA) and it was passed by the House on January 10.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9492503", "score": "1.0636399", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "with the statement. Economist Paul Krugman advocated raising the minimum wage moderately in 2013, citing several reasons, including: Democratic candidates, elected officials, and activists support an increase in the minimum wage. In his 2013 State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama called for an increase in the federal minimum wage to $9 an hour; several months later, Democrats Tom Harkin and George Miller proposed legislation to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10; and in 2015, congressional Democrats introduced a proposal to increase the federal minimum wage to $12 an hour. These efforts did not succeed, but increases in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313766", "score": "1.0610996", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "through automatic adjustments, while increases in 11 other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. Some large employers in the traditionally low-paying retail sector have declared an internal minimum wage. As of 2018: Jobs that a minimum wage is most likely to directly affect are those that pay close to the minimum. According to the May 2006 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313772", "score": "1.0590558", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "workers to a livable wage. Some government entities, such as counties and cities, observe minimum wages that are higher than the state as a whole. In 2003 San Francisco, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico were the first two cities to introduce local minimum wage ordinances. Another device to increase wages locally are living wage ordinances, which generally apply only to businesses that are under contract to the local government itself. In 1994 Baltimore, Maryland was the first city in the United States to pass such a living wage ordinance. These targeted living wage ordinances for city contract workers have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313739", "score": "1.0588942", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "text": "in the 1990s which challenged the neoclassical model. In 1994, economists David Card and Alan Krueger studied employment trends among 410 restaurants in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania following New Jersey's minimum wage hike (from $4.25 to $5.05) in April 1992. They found \"no indication that the rise in the minimum wage reduced employment.\" In contrast, a 1995 analysis of the evidence by David Neumark found that the increase in New Jersey's minimum wage resulted in a 4.6% decrease in employment. Neumark's study relied on payroll records from a sample of large fast-food restaurant chains, whereas the Card-Krueger study relied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10313748", "score": "1.0573831", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Katherine Philips Edson", "text": "working women earned less than nine dollars a week. Soon after World War I, the cost of living according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics continued to increase. In 1920, another study was done, which resulted in the adoption of the sixteen-dollar minimum and an amendment of wage orders. By 1921, businesses slowed down in production and employers complained that the sixteen-dollar minimum was too high. The California Manufacturers’ Association petitioned for a hearing and forced the minimum wage of sixteen-dollars to be reevaluated. Other employers also joined the California Manufacturers’ Association and petitioned for a lower wage. A general", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6680130", "score": "1.0567214", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Unemployment in the United States", "text": "pay with no ill effects on jobs...America's federal minimum wage, at 38% of median income, is one of the rich world's lowest. Some studies find no harm to employment from federal or state minimum wages, others see a small one, but none finds any serious damage.\" The U.S. minimum wage was last raised to $7.25 per hour in July 2009. As of December 2013, there were 21 states with minimum wages above the Federal minimum, with the State of Washington the highest at $9.32. Ten states index their minimum wage to inflation. The CBO reported in February 2014 that increasing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14879602", "score": "1.0527902", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Minimum wage", "text": "non-minimum wage sectors, in the four years following the implementation of the minimum wage. Neither trade unions nor employer organizations contest the minimum wage, although the latter had especially done so heavily until 1999. In 2014, supporters of minimum wage cited a study that found that job creation within the United States is faster in states that raised their minimum wages. In 2014, supporters of minimum wage cited news organizations who reported the state with the highest minimum-wage garnered more job creation than the rest of the United States. In 2014, in Seattle, Washington, liberal and progressive business owners who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247803", "score": "1.0527389", "original_retrieval_index": 42 } ]

{ "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "long_answer": "In 1933, the Roosevelt administration made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage, when a $0.25 per hour standard was set as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act. However, in the 1935 court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (295 U.S. 495), the US Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage was abolished. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, once again at $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). In 1941, the Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby Lumber Co., holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1933, the Roosevelt administration made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage, when a $0.25 per hour standard was set as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act. However, in the 1935 court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (295 U.S. 495), the US Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage was abolished. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, once again at $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). In 1941, the Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby", "short_answers": [ "1933", "1938" ] }

[ "Spektor" ]

[ { "title": "Regina Spektor", "text": "Spektor wrote and recorded the main title theme song, \"You've Got Time\", for the Netflix Original series Orange Is the New Black, which premiered in July 2013. It was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "Editing for a Comedy Series and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (Uzo Aduba). Sentenced to 15 months for a crime committed 10 years earlier, Piper Chapman leaves her supportive fiancé Larry for her new home: a women's prison. Her counselor, Sam Healy, empathizes with her and tries to gently give her tips to survive. She grapples with the racial dynamics of prison life and learns some of the rules. Unfortunately, she offends Red, the powerful matriarch of the prison kitchen, who responds by serving Piper a bloody tampon and subsequently starving her. Piper is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986626", "score": "1.1489557", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "to read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\" said Euston. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"Crazy Eyes\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany \"Pennsatucky\" Doggett. \"This American Life\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host, but he declined. The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind. \"Orange Is the New Black\" has received critical acclaim, particularly praised for humanizing prisoners and for its depiction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986632", "score": "1.1408168", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "\"Pennsatucky\" Doggett. \"This American Life\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host, but he declined. The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind. The series is set in a fictional prison in Litchfield, New York, which is a real town in upstate New York, but it does not have a federal penitentiary. The series began filming in the old Rockland Children's Psychiatric Center in Rockland County, New York, on March 7, 2013. The title sequence features photos of real former female prisoners including Kerman herself. On June 27, 2013,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157430", "score": "1.1404406", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "in a Drama Series. \"Orange Is the New Black\" is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award. The series begins revolving around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison in upstate New York. Chapman was convicted of transporting a suitcase full", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157419", "score": "1.1333656", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157417", "score": "1.1317294", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "a Japanese-American inmate named Brook Soso, whom Piper comforts. Taystee's mother figure Vee returns, to disapproval from Taystee. It is revealed that Vee and Red know each other from Vee's previous incarceration. Vee uses Suzanne's outcast desperation to manipulate her, and begins her bid to take back power in the prison. Vee offers to help Poussey sell her hooch to other inmates but Poussey declines. Red starts to grow plants in an old greenhouse as a cover to move contraband into the prison. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On June 27, 2013, prior to the series premiere, Netflix renewed the show for a second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521367", "score": "1.1251372", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "hungry to see more.\" \"Orange Is the New Black\" was considered one of the best shows of the year by many critics and journalists. The series began airing on broadcast television in New Zealand on TV2 on August 19, 2013. It premiered in Australia on October 9, 2013, on Showcase. Orange Is the New Black (season 1) The first season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes. The series is based on Piper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986635", "score": "1.1171215", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Taryn Manning", "text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\". In 2001, Manning auditioned for the musical reality television show popstar on the WB. In 2003, Manning and her brother Kellin formed the band Boomkat. The band first signed a major label deal with American Idol producer Randy Jackson, but the deal fell through. Robbie Robertson then signed them to DreamWorks Records, which was Boomkat's label from 2002 to 2004. In 2002, she sang a rendition of \"I'll Take You There\" with Tweet in several Gap commercials directed by Peter Lindbergh. Their debut album, \"Boomkatalog.One\", was released on March 18, 2003. Boomkat released two singles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4280297", "score": "1.1164265", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1) The first season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. In July 2011, Netflix was in negotiations with Lionsgate for a 13-episode TV adaptation of Kerman's memoirs. The series began filming in the old Rockland Children's Psychiatric Center", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986623", "score": "1.1073556", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "then shocked to discover that Alex Vause, her former lover (who recruited her into carrying drug money) is in the same prison. The inmates must campaign among their races for a coveted spot as a prisoners' representative. Piper steers clear of the bizarre political process but might not have a choice but to get involved. Larry's editor wants him to write an article about Piper's incarceration. Former high school track star Janae Watson returns from solitary confinement. Piper wants to reopen the outdoor track but Healy forces her to fulfill several potentially dangerous tasks before he will consider it. Officer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986627", "score": "1.1060749", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Lorraine Toussaint won a Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Piper is awakened in solitary and, without being given any information, forced to board a bus and a plane to whereabouts unknown. After she lands, finally realizing she is in Chicago, Piper assumes she has been transferred for killing Pennsatucky and attempts to adjust to her new surroundings. After speaking with Alex, Piper discovers she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Piper returns to Litchfield along with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521366", "score": "1.0984417", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "for her then-girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), an international drug smuggler. \"Orange is the New Black\" received critical acclaim. The series received numerous accolades including: Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Comedy Series. Also was nominated for a , and NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series. Taylor Schilling was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series was honored with 12 nominations, winning Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series, Outstanding Single-Camera Picture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986625", "score": "1.0966737", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "most-watched original series. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"Orange Is the New Black\" is one of the shows most watched in urban areas, and despite its \"minority-rich ensemble cast,\" the series \"appeals more to a white audience.\" Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157446", "score": "1.0887188", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "broadcast television in the UK on Sony Channel from April 19, 2017. In April 2017, it was reported that a cybercriminal had stolen the first ten episodes of the fifth season in a security breach of a post-production company. Netflix failed to respond to ransom demands, and the cybercriminal leaked the episodes online. Netflix confirmed the security breach and an ongoing investigation by federal law enforcement. \"Multichannel News\" reported that demand for the series significantly increased over the seven-day period following the leak of the episodes. It was also said that the leak would likely cause a decrease in demand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157444", "score": "1.0846846", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "nice, sweet Italian girl.\" Natasha Lyonne was to audition for Alex, but was asked to read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\" said Euston. Laverne Cox, a black transgender woman, was cast as Sophia Burset, a transgender character. \"The Advocate\" touted \"Orange Is the New Black\" as possibly the first women-in-prison narrative to cast a transgender woman for this type of role. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"Crazy Eyes\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157429", "score": "1.0804927", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 3)", "text": "Series and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for Uzo Aduba, and numerous other awards. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season. For the third season, several actors were promoted to series regulars, including Selenis Leyva, Adrienne C. Moore, Dascha Polanco, Nick Sandow, Yael Stone, and Samira Wiley. Both Jason Biggs and Pablo Schreiber were confirmed as not returning for the third season, but Schreiber appeared in the 10th episode of the third season. The third season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 83 out of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18900276", "score": "1.0803721", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 6)", "text": "Dale Soules were promoted to series regulars. The sixth season received positive reviews from critics, with most critics noting its improvement over the previous season. On Metacritic, it has a score of 69 out of 100 based on 14 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an 84% rating with an average score of 7.3 out of 10 based on 32 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: \"Brutality and humor continue to mesh effectively in a season of \"Orange Is the New Black\" that stands as a marked improvement from its predecessor, even if some arcs are more inspired than others.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19372974", "score": "1.078547", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2) The second season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on June 6, 2014, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes, with a 90-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The series follows Piper Chapman, forced to board a bus and a plane without being given any information. Later she discovers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521363", "score": "1.0782858", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Alan Aisenberg", "text": "Alan Aisenberg Alan Aisenberg (born March 18, 1993) is an American actor and television producer. He is best known for his role as Baxter Bayley on the Netflix original series \"Orange Is the New Black\". Aisenberg was born to Jewish doctors who migrated to New York from Argentina. His sister Gabriela is a voice actress known for voicing various characters on \"Dora the Explorer\" and \"Go, Diego, Go!\" He was raised in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey and picked up acting at a Jewish Community Center in Tenafly, New Jersey at a very young age. While attending college at the New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20593731", "score": "1.0775115", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 4)", "text": "Orange Is the New Black (season 4) The fourth season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on June 17, 2016, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 54–60 minutes, with a 77-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19583037", "score": "1.0770614", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 3)", "text": "Orange Is the New Black (season 3) The third season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on June 11, 2015, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 53–60 minutes, with a 90-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18900275", "score": "1.0762334", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "series regulars. On October 17, 2018, Netflix announced that the seventh season would be the series' last and would be released in 2019. \"Orange Is the New Black\" has received critical acclaim. It has been particularly praised for humanizing prisoners and for its depiction of race, sexuality, gender and body types. The first season received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic gave it a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating favorable reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, season one has a 94% approval rating based on 47 reviews, with an average rating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157433", "score": "1.0756748", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Yellow", "text": "Orange Is the New Yellow \"Orange Is the New Yellow\" is the twenty second episode and season finale of the twenty-seventh season of the animated television series \"The Simpsons\", and the 596th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on May 22, 2016. The title is a spoof of the book and the Netflix series \"Orange Is the New Black\". Homer is leaving the Power Plant for the weekend, as he promised Marge to be home for dinner. However, as he is leaving, Mr. Burns asks him for his help to fix a gas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19035870", "score": "1.0754709", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 6)", "text": "Orange Is the New Black (season 6) The sixth season of the American comedy-drama television series \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 27, 2018, at 12:00 am PDT in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 50 and 84 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. This season takes place in a maximum security prison, after the inmates incite a riot at Litchfield Penitentiary during the previous season, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19372975", "score": "1.0742192", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 4)", "text": "Series and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for Uzo Aduba, and numerous other awards. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 15, 2015, prior to its third-season premiere. For the fourth season, Jackie Cruz and Lea DeLaria were promoted to series regulars; with Elizabeth Rodriguez also being promoted by the season's sixth episode. The fourth season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 19 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 95% rating with an average score of 8.6 out of 10", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19583038", "score": "1.0729802", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Steve Harvey's Funderdome", "text": "has revealed the percentages of the vote before giving the inventors the chance to cash out. There are three possible outcomes for each competition: Shortly before the show's debut, MGM Worldwide Television Distribution announced that TF1 acquired the rights to the French version of the show. On June 5, 2017, a message from a believed to be cybercriminal stated that eight episodes of this series were already online. A similar group had earlier leaked episodes of \"Orange Is the New Black\". However, ABC had no public comment about the piracy of the show, which was not expected to affect the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20213596", "score": "1.0714182", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "that she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Meanwhile, in Litchfield Penitentiary, a new inmate is raising to power into the prison, by manipulating other inmates and taking control of the drug contraband. Threatened by this new inmate, Red goes to war, to protect her family and her power. \"Orange is the New Black\" received critical acclaim. The series received numerous accolades including: Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Comedy and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521364", "score": "1.0680863", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Vicci Martinez", "text": "U.K. On May 1, 2015, Martinez self-released her album, \"I Am Vicci Martinez\". In 2018, Martinez played inmate Daddy on series 6 of the Netflix series \"Orange Is the New Black\". Martinez identifies as lesbian. In July 2018, it was confirmed that she is in a relationship with her \"Orange Is the New Black\" co-star Emily Tarver. Vicci Martinez Vicci Martinez (born September 21, 1984) is an American singer/songwriter and actress from Tacoma, Washington. She came in joint third on NBC's singing competition series \"The Voice\" in 2011. She released her 2012 album with Republic Records (Universal Music Group), but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8041372", "score": "1.0673944", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "seventh season would be its last and would be released in 2019. \"Orange Is the New Black\" has become Netflix's most-watched original series. It has received critical acclaim and many accolades. For its first season, the series garnered 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, winning three. A new Emmy rule in 2015 forced the series to change categories from comedy to drama. For its second season, the series received four Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, and Uzo Aduba won for Outstanding Supporting Actress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157418", "score": "1.0655137", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Regina Spektor", "long_answer": "Spektor wrote and recorded the main title theme song, \"You've Got Time\", for the Netflix Original series Orange Is the New Black, which premiered in July 2013. It was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.", "chunked_long_answer": "Spektor wrote and recorded the main title theme song, \"You've Got Time\", for the Netflix Original series Orange Is the New Black, which premiered in July 2013. It was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.", "short_answers": [ "Spektor" ] }

[ "1 October 2006" ]

[ { "title": "Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005", "text": "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005", "text": "and 12 documents pertaining specifically to a particular type of business premises. It does not normally apply to domestic premises. The guides available are Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as \"The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541\") is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9768397", "score": "1.3588538", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "fire safety legislation. In order to revamp the whole thing and bringing it up to date, they decided to place all the odd bits of fire legislation under the umbrella of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which became law in October 2006. It applies to England and Wales only. The major change in the legislation was that it brought in the concept of risk assessment rather than prescriptive codes. The Fire Precautions Act had relied on codes and guides for its implementation, and the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations had changed that a little by introducing risk assessment as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769534", "score": "1.2477263", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "revised issues of the building regulations documents, existing buildings were not required to adopt these new minimum standards unless they were being altered or extended. Thus \"as originally built\" buildings were exempt from the new rules from 1974 until the advent of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This order requires adequate and sufficient general fire precautions suitable for the current users and use, of any given building, to be provided by the responsible person for each building. This did lead to a rather unsatisfactory mishmash of fire safety in the English and Welsh building stock. The Fire Safety", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769504", "score": "1.1811515", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Building regulations in the United Kingdom", "text": "legislation is very similar and only slightly different in practical effect. The Fire Safety Order 2005 is criminal law, and breaches of this law can result in the \"Responsible Person\" being jailed for up to two years and fined up to £10,000 for each offence. Corporate offences may have unlimited fines. Enforcement is by the local fire authority. It may be necessary to exceed the recommendations of the guidance supporting Part B of Schedule 1 to Building Regulations, in order to achieve a suitable and sufficient level of fire safety required under the Fire Safety Order 2005. Building regulations are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7421610", "score": "1.1701772", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "on 16 June 2010, upheld a Crown Court's fine of £400,000 (with additional legal costs of £150,000) against New look Retailers Ltd. Following a major fire in the New Look Oxford Street shop, whilst no one was hurt, the building was lost and Oxford Street was closed for two days. The equivalent legislation in Scotland to the Regulatory Reform Order is the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005. Its scope (in Scotland) covers what the RRO and the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 covers in England and Wales. Part 3 of the act deals specifically with fire safety. In October 2006,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769545", "score": "1.168821", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Fire authority", "text": "is brought in the name of the fire authority, under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. The Fire Service's powers of entry and other operational roles are defined by the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 There are many specific acts of parliament which deal with fire safety, inspection and enforcement; in October 2006 (later than anticipated), many outdated acts were repealed, and placed under the umbrella of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Fire authority In England and Wales a fire authority or fire and rescue authority is a statutory body made up of a committee of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8782487", "score": "1.1644478", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "the local housing authority. \"Beds in sheds\" - English fire authorities have recently started to prosecute owners and operators of illegally built or converted \"dwellings\" in non-habitable buildings, such as 'domestic garages in gardens' and disused offices, public houses, factories, under the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fire authorities in England and Wales are legally required to publish the (responsible person's) name and the premises address, for which they have issued an enforcement notice, an alterations notice, or a prohibition notice, under the powers given to them by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Many fire authorities have put these", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769542", "score": "1.1559931", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "the Fire Safety (Scotland) Regulations 2006 SI 456 also came into effect. Legislation in Scotland relating to fire and rescue services and fire safety comes under the auspices of the Scottish Government. In Northern Ireland, the equivalent legislation is the Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 SI No 1254 (NI9) (it is a statutory instrument). History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom The history of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom formally covers the period from the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 but is founded in the history", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769546", "score": "1.1491615", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fire (Scotland) Act 2005", "text": "for this Act was passed on 23 February 2005 and received Royal Assent on 1 April 2005 Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament made to \"make provision about fire and rescue authorities and joint fire and rescue boards; to restate and amend the law in relation to fire services; to make provision in relation to the functions of such authorities and boards in connection with certain events and situations other than fires; to make provision for implementing in part Council Directives 89/391/EEC, 89/654/EEC, 91/383/EEC, 94/33/EC, 98/24/EC and 99/92/EC; to make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10308316", "score": "1.1401699", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fire services in the United Kingdom", "text": "the FiReControl project advances. Historically fire safety was a function of local authorities rather than the fire service however in 1947 the introduction of the Fire Services Act gave the Fire Brigades their first responsibilities for fire safety. The Fire Precautions Act 1971, the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 and the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 gave more powers to the service. Today, the modernisation of the UK fire service has taken into account the role that it plays in fire safety issues and that issue is high on the agenda of most fire and rescue services. Many brigades", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8656324", "score": "1.1343964", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "many did not. The Public Health Act 1936 was therefore amended by the Public Health Act 1961 to permit the making of one set of national building regulations to replace the 1,400 sets of local byelaws. The first national building regulations for England and Wales were made in 1965. However, they required physical fire safety only for the structure of all new, altered or extended buildings. In 1974 the fire safety scope (of the building regulations in England and Wales) was extended through use of the then new powers given by the Fire Precautions Act 1971, to include minimum safety", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769502", "score": "1.116844", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "must be provided (to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near the premises): The Fire Safety Order then tells the responsible person (employer, person in control of the building, or owner) how they must assess these items in order to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near their premises. The Fire Safety Order 2005 now requires the responsible person for each building to carry out or commission from a competent person a Fire Risk Assessment to ensure that the general fire precautions within a particular building are fit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769536", "score": "1.1134865", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals. Crown Courts may impose Unlimited fines on any company, breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O 2005. In addition to these fines, the legal costs of bringing the successful prosecution may also be recovered from the convicted 'fire criminal'. Every \"real\" fire is now followed up by the local fire authority's fire safety inspectors. The English Court of Appeal,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769544", "score": "1.1126333", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fire (Scotland) Act 2005", "text": "Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament made to \"make provision about fire and rescue authorities and joint fire and rescue boards; to restate and amend the law in relation to fire services; to make provision in relation to the functions of such authorities and boards in connection with certain events and situations other than fires; to make provision for implementing in part Council Directives 89/391/EEC, 89/654/EEC, 91/383/EEC, 94/33/EC, 98/24/EC and 99/92/EC; to make other provision in relation to fire safety in certain premises; and for connected purposes. \" The Bill", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10308315", "score": "1.1040492", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "service, except in civil Crown premises, where Her Majesty's Inspectors of Fire Service (HMIFS) carried out the enforcement. The Fire Precautions Act 1971 came into force in 1972, when hotels and boarding houses were the first class of premises to be designated. Under the Fire Precautions (Hotels and Boarding Houses) Order 1972, Statutory Instrument (SI) 1972 /238) (and an equivalent Order for Scotland), any premises where there was sleeping accommodation for more than six persons (staff or guests), or any sleeping accommodation above the first floor or below the ground floor, required a fire certificate issued by the fire authority.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769511", "score": "1.1016072", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "the responsibility of implementing the legislation to be removed from the fire service and placed on the employers, but the fire service would be the enforcing authority for the legislation. It was implemented using the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1992 (MHSAW) (replaced in 1999). These regulations differed from the previous fire safety legislation in that they introduced the concept of risk assessment in a style similar to the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974. The workplace regulations also brought in a new form of enforcement of the legislation. Under the Fire Precautions Act, Section", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769522", "score": "1.0981947", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "but the inspection and licensing remained much the same. Under the 1928 Act, the storage of petroleum and petroleum products, whether in underground/above ground tanks or storage cabinets, required a licence issued by the Licensing Authority. In the metropolitan areas, this was the fire authority. In the county authorities, it was the local authority, but usually this was devolved down to the fire service. The Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928, as amended by Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (SI 2002 No. 2776), changed the licensing regime and now requires only that anyone operating a petrol filling station have a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769500", "score": "1.0974112", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "Act and the Cinemas Act, which contained within them, their own fire regulations. Most of these acts have now been amended or repealed and their fire precautions now fall under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2006 or Licensing Act 2003. The Licensing Act 2003 introduced a requirement for licences to sell or supply alcohol, provide regulated entertainment or provide late night refreshment with the licence holder serving notice of application directly upon the fire and rescue authority. This amended or repealed much of the old licensing legislation, including Theatres Act 1968, Cinemas Act 1985, Gaming Acts 1968 & 1990", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769526", "score": "1.0924537", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Building regulations in the United Kingdom", "text": "see Appendix G of approved document B) to the Responsible Person, upon completion. This is to enable a competent person to carry out a fire risk assessment. Once a building is occupied the Fire Safety Order 2005 requires a Fire Risk Assessment to be carried out, to take into account how the users are actually using the building (and any fire risks that brings to the building) and the FSO2005 requires the \"Responsible Person(s)\" for the building to provide and maintain \"suitable and sufficient\" general fire precautions. (Full citation is the \"Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005\"). Scotland's Fire Safety", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7421609", "score": "1.0884008", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "the court. One major issue with the Act was that fire certification was only ever applied to the designated premises. Places of public entertainment such as cinemas, theatres and nightclubs were never designated so the powers of inspection and enforcement remained with the local authority licensing department. In many areas, the fire brigade carried out the inspections on behalf of the licensing department, but had no powers other than those granted by Section 10 - Prohibition Notice. The Fire Precautions Act 1971 and its \"Fire Certificates\" were totally repealed and replaced by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769514", "score": "1.0867091", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "in that time could result in prosecution. The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/1877) were a result of European Communities Act 1972. They brought the UK legislation up to a standard that met the fire safety requirements of two health and safety European Directives, 89/391/EEC and 89/654/EEC, adopted in 1989. The amendments were laid before Parliament on 7 July 1999 and became law on 1 December 1999. Unfortunately, they did not revoke sections 5 to 9 of the Fire Precautions Act, which required fire certificates; consequently, the legislation now ran in parallel with the Workplace Regulations but secondary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769524", "score": "1.0834267", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "Act 1961 was almost immediately amended to update the requirements for safety in case of fire. In June 1960, a fire broke out in the William Henderson & Sons, Liverpool department store. Ten people were trapped in the fourth floor and one man fell to his death whilst assisting others to safety from a window ledge. This fire prompted the Government to amend the Office Shops and Railway Premises Act (OSRA) in line with the Factories Act 1961 and in 1963 a new OSRA was introduced On Boxing Day 1969, a fire at the Rose and Crown Hotel, Saffron Walden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769509", "score": "1.0695589", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "these criminal offenses will be taken by the local fire authority. Crown Courts may imprison the responsible person for up to two years for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, and/or impose fines of up to £10,000 for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals. Crown Courts may impose unlimited fines on any company, breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769540", "score": "1.0624282", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "10 gave the fire brigade the power to close a premises if there was serious danger from fire; however, there was very little they could do to bring a premises up to standard. Section 4 of the Fire Precautions Act did give some limited powers to issue a 'Notice of Steps' to be taken to correct any defects. The workplace regulations brought in a new enforcement method, the 'improvement notice'. This allowed the enforcing authority to serve notice of any defects and give a reasonable time scale as to when the work should be completed; failure to complete the work", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769523", "score": "1.0611001", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "Act being further amended in 1959 giving the fire brigades the power to inspect factories for fire safety. Finally in 1961 the Act was re-written to consolidate all the changes. The fire certificates were also updated to include not only means of escape but also provision for fighting fire and structural fire separation. On 1 May 1961, a fire occurred at the Top Storey Club in Bolton, which resulted in the deaths of nineteen people. Fourteen died in the building, and five were killed attempting to jump out of windows into the canal that ran alongside the building. The Licensing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769508", "score": "1.0590961", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "lists on their websites. Most fire authorities' \"name and shame\" lists also indicate which \"notices\" are \"still outstanding\" or \"now complied with\". For example, see the London Fire Brigade website. () Enforcement action has been taken by many fire authorities. Several owners, and landlords have been taken to court, and heavily fined. A growing number of landlords have been jailed, for persistent breaches of the Fire Safety Order. Crown Courts may imprison the responsible person for up to two years for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, and/or impose fines of up to £10,000 for each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769543", "score": "1.0583818", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "also applied to temporary buildings associated with construction work. Fire certificates were required for some of these buildings, and there were some fire safety obligations generally imposed in respect of those temporary buildings, which did not require a fire certificate. In England and Wales, the powers to make building regulations were consolidated and re-enacted in 1984. All building regulations made by the Secretary of State since then have included minimum fire safety measures (for both physical fire resistance and safe means of escape) for all new, extended or altered buildings. The current building regulation's fire safety documents were last revised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769517", "score": "1.056411", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom", "text": "from fire in a building. In 1937 the Factories Act 1901 was extended to cover means of escape in case of fire. The Act required that the factory owner have a plan of escape in case of fire and brought in the first rudimentary fire certificates. Before 1947, issues of fire safety were in the hands of the local authority, and the legal enforcement of issues under the Factories Act and Office Shops and Railway Premises Act were dealt with by the local authority, having usually devolved this down to the fire brigade. The introduction of the Fire Services Act", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9769506", "score": "1.0555438", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Fire services in the United Kingdom", "text": "started to produce Integrated Management Plans (IMP) to take into account these new responsibilities and produced plans for not only fire safety in the workplace but also in the community. Now all fire and rescue services have community based fire safety departments. The Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 now lays out in Section 6 what the fire service must do. It states that a fire and rescue authority must make provision for the purpose of promoting fire safety in its area and this must include the provision of information, publicity and encouragement in respect of the steps to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8656325", "score": "1.0470978", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005", "long_answer": "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006.", "short_answers": [ "1 October 2006" ] }

[ "Kostas" ]

[ { "title": "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man", "text": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, T-R-O-U-B-L-E. The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man", "text": "the album \"works best when Tritt sticks with the populist approach.\" Alanna Nash of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said of the song, \"Tritt finds a solid image for his laborer's lament[…]But the melody is so slight that he resorts to an acoustic arrangement that evokes Jimmie Rodgers and the young Roy Acuff.\" Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine gave the song a mixed review, saying that while the final chorus of song features famous country artists, it was too bad that the entire song isn't as strong as the last verse. Jack Cole directed the song's music video. In the book \"Country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13743152", "score": "1.1059891", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man", "text": "forms of percussion from Sam Bacco, including crotales, wobble board, spoons and a broom. Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse, and Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus. Teresa M. Walker, in her review for the \"Gainesville Sun\", said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus, the song \"should shoot up the charts.\" Dave Larsen of the \"Dayton Daily News\" cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album, saying that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13743151", "score": "1.052719", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "John Doherty (trade unionist)", "text": "fellow radical Robert Owen. Together they set about obtaining fairer working hours and conditions for factory workers and formed the Society for Promoting National Regeneration. Doherty published \"The Poor Man's Advocate\" and within this told the story of Robert Blincoe, a former child labourer. This led Doherty to turn his interest to the working conditions of women and children, particularly the exceptionally long days many were expected to work. Doherty set about campaigning for a reduction of working hours to no more than ten per day, known as the Ten Hours Bill. Parliament finally agreed to these requests as part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11796410", "score": "1.0524032", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "John White, 1st Baron Overtoun", "text": "were it not for the fact that the source of his wealth was a chemical works where the wages and working conditions were scandalous.\" White led the Sunday Rest and Lord's Day Observance Society, but nevertheless insisted that his employees work seven days a week, and docked his workers' wages if they took time off to go to church. The millions he donated to various charitable causes came at least in part from paying his workers some of the lowest wages in the country. The Labour politician Keir Hardie took an interest in the working conditions of labourers in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16876457", "score": "1.0515924", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Catholic Worker Movement", "text": "satire prompted by Donald Trump's presidency, the heroine, called Angela Witney, is a member of an imagined Catholic Worker commune located in the southern English village of Ditchling, where the artist Eric Gill once lived. \"Our rule is the works of mercy,\" said Dorothy Day. \"It is the way of sacrifice, worship, a sense of reverence.\" According to co-founder Peter Maurin, the following are the beliefs of the Catholic Worker: The radical philosophy of the group can be described as Christian anarchism. Anne Klejment, a history lecturer at the University of St. Thomas, wrote of the movement: Families have had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4556643", "score": "1.0334517", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dorothy Day", "text": "13, 1949, unions representing workers at cemeteries managed by the Archdiocese of New York went on strike. After several weeks, Cardinal Francis Spellman used lay brothers from the local Maryknoll seminary and then diocesan seminarians under his own supervision to break the strike by digging graves. He called the union action \"Communist-inspired\". Employees of the \"Catholic Worker\" joined the strikers' picket line, and Day wrote Spellman, telling him he was \"misinformed\" about the workers and their demands, defending their right to unionize and their \"dignity as men\", which she deemed far more important than any dispute about wages. She begged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1913054", "score": "1.0283", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "John Wheatley", "text": "\"The Catholic Workingman\" (1909), \"Miners, Mines and Misery\" (1909), \"Eight Pound Cottages for Glasgow Citizens\" (1913), \"Municipal Banking\" (1920) and \"The New Rent Act\" (1920). A deeply religious man and practising Roman Catholic, he was influenced by early Christian-socialist thinkers, and in 1907 he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). He founded and was the first chairman of the Catholic Socialist Society. He campaigned against the UK's involvement in World War I, campaigning against conscription, and assisting in organising rent strikes in Glasgow. He sat as a councillor on Glasgow's city council, becoming one of the best known in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1991085", "score": "1.010609", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Francis Spellman", "text": "on strike for a pay raise, the Cardinal accused them of being Communists and recruited seminarians of the Archdiocese from St. Joseph's Seminary as strikebreakers. He described the actions of the gravediggers, who belonged to the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers Union of America, as \"an unjustified and immoral strike against the innocent dead and their bereaved families, against their religion and human decency\". The strike was supported by such figures as the religious activist (now Servant of God) Dorothy Day and Ernest Hemingway, who wrote a scathing letter to Spellman. Spellman denounced the efforts of Congressman Graham Arthur", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1831292", "score": "1.0018157", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Catholic Worker", "text": "Catholic Worker The Catholic Worker is a newspaper published 7 times a year by the Catholic Worker Movement community in New York City. The newspaper was started by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin to make people aware of church teaching on social justice. Day said the word \"Worker\" in the paper's title referred to \"those who worked with hand or brain, those who did physical, mental, or spiritual work. But we thought primarily of the poor, the dispossessed, the exploited.\" When Communism was popular in the United States during the Great Depression, Day and Maurin wanted to teach what they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4556646", "score": "0.9939276", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dorothy Day", "text": "him to take the first steps to resolve the dispute: \"Go to them, conciliate them. It is easier for the great to give in than the poor.\" Spellman stood fast until the strike ended on March 11 when the union members accepted the Archdiocese's original offer of a 48-hour 6-day work week. Day wrote in the \"Catholic Worker\" in April: \"A Cardinal, ill-advised, exercised so overwhelming a show of force against the union of poor working men. There is a temptation of the devil to that most awful of all wars, the war between the clergy and the laity.\" Years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1913055", "score": "0.9835298", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Catholic Worker", "text": "II. Many other Catholic Worker communities publish their own newsletters and newspapers. The \"Catholic Worker\" is considered a Christian anarchist publication. Catholic Worker The Catholic Worker is a newspaper published 7 times a year by the Catholic Worker Movement community in New York City. The newspaper was started by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin to make people aware of church teaching on social justice. Day said the word \"Worker\" in the paper's title referred to \"those who worked with hand or brain, those who did physical, mental, or spiritual work. But we thought primarily of the poor, the dispossessed, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4556649", "score": "0.9813086", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Tolpuddle Martyrs", "text": "working conditions. In 1824/25 these acts were repealed, so trade unions were no longer illegal. In 1833, six men from Tolpuddle in Dorset founded the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers to protest against the gradual lowering of agricultural wages. These Tolpuddle labourers refused to work for less than 10 shillings a week, although by this time wages had been reduced to seven shillings and were due to be further reduced to six. The society, led by George Loveless (or Lovelass), a Methodist local preacher, met in the house of Thomas Standfield. Groups such as the Tolpuddle Martyrs would often use", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1891206", "score": "0.9606074", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Catholic Worker", "text": "thought was a well kept secret: the very progressive teaching of the church, so that the poor, mostly Catholic, would turn to their own tradition for the solution. It first appeared on May first, 1933 in an edition of 2,500 copies, to make people aware of the social justice teaching of the Catholic Church as an alternative to Communism during the depression. Its stated goal was to comfort the afflicted and to afflict the comfortable. Circulation rapidly rose to 25,000 within a few months, and reached 150,000 by 1936. Dorothy Day was the editor of \"Catholic Worker\" until her death", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4556647", "score": "0.9599796", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Working Man", "text": "the 2011 film \"Goon\", and a 2014 Walmart television advertisement. Working Man \"Working Man\" is a song by rock band Rush from their self-titled debut album. The song's guitar solo was voted 94th in \"Guitar World\" magazine's list of the 100 greatest guitar solos. Donna Halper, then a disc jockey and music director at WMMS in Cleveland, Ohio, is credited with getting Rush noticed in the United States by playing \"Working Man\" on the air. The song proved particularly popular in the working-class city. The response resulted in a record deal for the band, which gave her special thanks for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7906181", "score": "0.9595348", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "George Frederick Baer", "text": "letter, later leaked to the press, \"The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for -- not by the labor agitators, but by the Christian men of property to whom God has given control of the property rights of the country, and upon the successful management of which so much depends.\" In closing statements on behalf of the coal managers to the government's Anthracite Coal Commission he stated, on the subject of working conditions, \"These men don't suffer. Why, hell, half of them don't even speak English.\" Baer was also named the president of Franklin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6506319", "score": "0.9531461", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "John Struthers (poet)", "text": "of the Labouring Poor'. The work caused considerable correspondence for Struthers. One of the correspondents was Mr Archibald Fullarton of the firm Khull, Blackie & Co who asked his permission to print a cheap edition for circulation among that class of the community for whose benefit it was more immediately intended. The pamphlet was reduced from 18d to a groat. For the working man however the work held no charms. In 1818 'The Plough' was printed by Robert Chapman and was well received by the public. He also produced a volume of poems by William Muir, of which he edited", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10217804", "score": "0.95198953", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Everlasting Mercy", "text": "The Everlasting Mercy The Everlasting Mercy is a poem by John Masefield, the UK's second longest-serving poet laureate. It was published in 1911, and is styled as the confession of a man who has turned from sin to Christianity. The work that first made Masefield famous, it shocked early 20th century British sensibilities with its direct, honest, and therefore often harsh language, as the life of protagonist violent, drunken womanizer Saul Kane is laid out in detail. In the third episode of the series Peter Gunn, \"The Vicious Dog\", the last line is the antagonist, asked why he'd committed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20942969", "score": "0.95154285", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Gertrude Parsons", "text": "who turns down her suitor because he is a Protestant. She also wrote \"Rhymes Gay and Grave\" in 1864. The following year Parsons edited and largely wrote a magazine for Catholics called \"Workman, or, Life and Leisure\" and later the \"Literary Workman\" in 1865. The magazine failed to get a loyal readership and the initially weekly but later monthly publication ceased in the same year as it was launched. Parson's later works were simple romances which did not have the religious ties. Gertrude Parsons Gertrude Parsons (19 March 1812 – 12 February 1891) was a Roman Catholic convert who wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18664182", "score": "0.95132524", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Work (painting)", "text": "a female orange seller who is resting her basket on a bollard (technically illegal, because she is setting up shop). At the right the workers are being watched by two intellectuals who \"seem to be idle but work\". They are described as workers in their minds and as \"the cause of well ordained work in others\". In fact these are portraits of Thomas Carlyle and Frederick Maurice. Maurice was the founder of Christian socialism. He established worker's educational institutions for which Brown worked. Carlyle was the main inspiration behind the picture. His books Past and Present and Latter-Day Pamphlets had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9980730", "score": "0.9463972", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pious Workers of St. Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God", "text": "prayer-book for working men compiled by Father Schwartz has already gone through five editions. Other fathers of the society have published dramas for presentation by clubs under their charge, a book of recitations, and a number of biographies. The organ of the congregation is \"St. Calasanctius-Blätter\", a monthly issued at Vienna since 1888. Pious Workers of St. Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God The Pious Workers of St. Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God are a Roman Catholic religious congregation. They were founded in Vienna on 24 November, 1889, by Father Anton Maria Schwartz for all works of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8500929", "score": "0.9384284", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The British Workman", "text": "was a strong advocate of temperance, and was \"dedicated to the industrial classes\". Collections of the magazine are held in a number of collections including the Bodleian Library in Oxford; and the Heatherbank Museum of Social Work, which holds an incomplete run of annual bound copies from 1855 to 1892. The British Workman The British Workman was an English broadsheet periodical, published monthly by Partridge and Co in London. The publishing house of S. W. Partridge & Co was founded by Thomas Bywater Smithies of York in 1855 in order to publish \"The British Workman\". It was published between 1855", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15240951", "score": "0.93603885", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The British Workman", "text": "The British Workman The British Workman was an English broadsheet periodical, published monthly by Partridge and Co in London. The publishing house of S. W. Partridge & Co was founded by Thomas Bywater Smithies of York in 1855 in order to publish \"The British Workman\". It was published between 1855 and 1892, and aimed to \"promote the health, wealth and happiness of the working classes\". It was illustrated with contemporary engravings, with some editions having the first page given over to a single engraving. The text, written by a number of authors, was a mixture of socialism and Protestantism. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15240950", "score": "0.93568474", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dorothy Day", "text": "Hull House in Chicago!\" The French models and literature Maurin drew to Day's attention are of particular interest. The Catholic Worker movement started when the first issue of the \"Catholic Worker\" appeared on May 1, 1933, priced at one cent, and published continuously since then. It was aimed at those suffering the most in the depths of the Great Depression, \"those who think there is no hope for the future\", and announced to them that \"the Catholic Church has a social program...there are men of God who are working not only for their spiritual but for their material welfare.\" It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1913044", "score": "0.9351599", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Workmen's Compensation Act 1906", "text": "where the common law gives the right only for negligence of the employer. A 'workman' was defined as:\"any person who enters into or works under a contract of service or apprenticeship with an employer, whether by way of manual labour, clerical work or otherwise, and whether the contract is expressed or implied, is oral or in writing.\" Exceptions were made, including non-manual workers employed on annual pay over £250, casual workers employed \"otherwise than for the purposes of their employer's trade or business\", outworkers and family workers. Hence specific exclusions were made at both the top and bottom end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11867063", "score": "0.9339511", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Thomas Dunning", "text": "of the federal government in America and compared Abraham Lincoln to Xerxes. Dunning viewed laws regulating relations between employers and employees, such as Master and Servant Acts, as putting industrial labour under \"the old feudal notion of serfdom\". In his writing, he called for industrial harmony but also justified the right of British workingmen, both urban and rural, to strike and unionize in order to raise the price of labour during the ongoing mid-Victorian economic upswing. On the request of the members of his trade union, he wrote and published a pamphlet on the philosophy of trade unionism, \"Trades' unions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14483776", "score": "0.93271464", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Capital, Volume I", "text": "to keep working wages astonishingly low while the cost of living rose. Marx refers, in particular, to the Vagabonds Act of 1530, the Act for Punishment of Sturdy Vagabonds and Beggars 1536, the Vagabonds Act 1547, the Vagabonds Act 1572, the Poor Act 1575, the Vagabonds Act 1597, and the Vagabonds Act 1603. which was only repealed by the Vagrants Act 1713. Marx also recounts wage fixing legislation, including the Statute of Labourers 1351, the Statute of Apprentices (which was extended to weavers by James I), the Journeymen Tailors, London Act 1720, the Silk Manufacturers Act 1772, and the Colliers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9519928", "score": "0.9316201", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Working Man", "text": "Working Man \"Working Man\" is a song by rock band Rush from their self-titled debut album. The song's guitar solo was voted 94th in \"Guitar World\" magazine's list of the 100 greatest guitar solos. Donna Halper, then a disc jockey and music director at WMMS in Cleveland, Ohio, is credited with getting Rush noticed in the United States by playing \"Working Man\" on the air. The song proved particularly popular in the working-class city. The response resulted in a record deal for the band, which gave her special thanks for her part in their early history and dedicated their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7906178", "score": "0.9315095", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2013 Savar building collapse", "text": "that shoppers should also consider where they are spending their money. On 1 May, Pope Francis spoke out against the working conditions in the factory:A headline that really struck me on the day of the tragedy in Bangladesh was 'Living on 38 euros a month'. That is what the people who died were being paid. This is called slave labour. Today in the world this slavery is being committed against something beautiful that God has given us – the capacity to create, to work, to have dignity. How many brothers and sisters find themselves in this situation! Not paying fairly,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17247909", "score": "0.93002886", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "John Rowand", "text": "in 1851. The issue that drove the work stoppage was that labourers were required to pay for work horses; horses were drawn randomly from lots and cost the same regardless of their condition. The men were only permitted to do the company's work with the horses. If the horse died, which was common, the man would have to pay for a new one. In response to the work stoppage, the company agreed to provide horses for free, but according to labourer William Gladstone, the men made a further demand that John Rowand provide each man a quart of rum in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4557270", "score": "0.92668664", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man", "long_answer": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, T-R-O-U-B-L-E. The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, T-R-O-U-B-L-E. The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5.", "short_answers": [ "Kostas" ] }

[ "statutory law" ]

[ { "title": "List of United States federal legislation", "text": "At the federal level in the United States, legislation (i.e., \"statutes\" or \"statutory law\") consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States and its predecessor, the Continental Congress, that were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "Act of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions or individuals. The term can be used in other countries with a legislature named \"Congress\", such as the Congress of the Philippines. In the United States, Acts of Congress are designated as either public laws, relating to the general public, or private laws, relating to specific institutions or individuals. Since 1957, all Acts of Congress have been designated as \"Public Law X-Y\" or \"Private", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810941", "score": "1.0867932", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "Law X-Y\", where X is the number of the Congress and Y refers to the sequential order of the bill (when it was enacted). For example, P. L. 111-5 (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) was the fifth enacted public law of the 111th United States Congress. Public laws are also often abbreviated as Pub. L. No. X-Y. When the legislation of those two kinds is proposed, it is called public bill and private bill respectively. The word \"act\", as used in the term \"Act of Congress\", is a common, not a proper noun. The capitalization of the word", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810942", "score": "1.0458753", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "in the United States Code. An Act of Congress that violates the Constitution may be declared unconstitutional by the courts. The judicial declaration of an Act's unconstitutionality does not remove the law from the statute books; rather, it prevents the law from being enforced. However, future publications of the Act are generally annotated with warnings indicating that the statute is no longer valid law. Act of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810946", "score": "1.0429097", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "United States Code", "text": "can be found in United States Statutes at Large. The official text of an Act of Congress is that of the \"enrolled bill\" (traditionally printed on parchment) presented to the President for his signature or disapproval. Upon enactment of a law, the original bill is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) within the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). After authorization from the OFR, copies are distributed as \"slip laws\" by the Government Printing Office (GPO). The Archivist assembles annual volumes of the enacted laws and publishes them as the \"United States Statutes at Large.\" By law,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "440934", "score": "1.0324615", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Law of the United States", "text": "other. In a handful of areas like insurance, Congress has enacted laws expressly refusing to regulate them as long as the states have laws regulating them (see, e.g., the McCarran-Ferguson Act). After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law. Public laws, but not private laws, are also given legal statutory citation by the OFR. At the end of each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14610750", "score": "1.01334", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Slip law", "text": "Slip law In the United States, a slip law is an individual Act of Congress which is either a public law (Pub.L.) or a private law (Pvt.L.). They are part of a three-part model for publication of Federal statutes consisting of slip laws, session laws, and codification. Session laws are compiled into the Statutes at Large (Stat.), and codification results in the United States Code (U.S.C.). Public and private laws are prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). At the end of a Congressional session, slip laws are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8732790", "score": "1.0063012", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Codification (law)", "text": "Commission, asked him to produce a proposal for the comprehensive codification and unification of the contract law of England and Scotland. Similarly, codification in the law of tort has been at best piecemeal, a rare example of progress being the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945. In the United States, acts of Congress, such as federal statutes, are published chronologically in the order in which they become law – often by being signed by the President, on an individual basis in official pamphlets called \"slip laws\", and are grouped together in official bound book form, also chronologically, as \"session laws\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1714201", "score": "0.9977144", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Legal research in the United States", "text": "\"Congressional Record\", the full text of committee reports and other legislative information. The Library of Congress provides access to legislative documents from 1774 through 1875 as part of its American Memory Project Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation\" digital library. A legislature usually has neither the time nor the expertise to administer all of the details of a particular statute. It may, for example, pass a statute mandating clean water. However, it delegates the authority to actually implement the statute to a Government agency, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Agencies issue administrative Regulations to implement the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11148566", "score": "0.98755497", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United States Statutes at Large", "text": "presidential proclamations. Sometimes very large or long Acts of Congress are published as their own volume of the \"Statutes at Large\". For example, the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was published as volume 68A of the Statutes at Large (68A Stat. 3). United States Statutes at Large The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5224750", "score": "0.98229206", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Slip law", "text": "compiled into the Statutes at Large, which are called \"session laws\", published by the Government Printing Office (GPO). Today, most of the public laws, but not private laws, are drafted as amendments to the United States Code. Slip law In the United States, a slip law is an individual Act of Congress which is either a public law (Pub.L.) or a private law (Pvt.L.). They are part of a three-part model for publication of Federal statutes consisting of slip laws, session laws, and codification. Session laws are compiled into the Statutes at Large (Stat.), and codification results in the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8732791", "score": "0.972633", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "\"act\" is deprecated by some dictionaries and usage authorities. Some writers, in particular the U.S. Code, capitalize \"Act\". This is likely a result of the more liberal use of capital letters in legal contexts, which has its roots in the 18th century capitalization of all nouns as is seen in the United States Constitution. \"Act of Congress\" is sometimes used in informal speech to indicate something for which getting permission is burdensome. For example, \"It takes an Act of Congress to get a building permit in this town.\" An Act adopted by simple majorities in both houses of Congress is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810943", "score": "0.971958", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States Statutes at Large", "text": "United States Statutes at Large The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a Congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as \"session law\" publications. The session law publication for U.S. Federal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5224745", "score": "0.965093", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Animals, Property, and the Law", "text": "19th centuries, where legislation existed that ostensibly protected them, while the courts ignored that the institution of slavery rendered that protection largely meaningless. He argues further that the United States Animal Welfare Act is an example of symbolic, as opposed to functional, legislation, relying on concepts described by John Dwyer in 1990. It is symbolic, he writes (quoting Dwyer), because it is an example of a law where \"the legislature has failed to address the administrative and political constraints that will block implementation of the statute.\" Professor Priscilla Cohn gave the book a favorable review, writing \"Francione makes us analyze", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16664458", "score": "0.961612", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "U.S. state", "text": "in others some part of a territory has. When the people of a territory make their desire for statehood known to the federal government, Congress may pass an enabling act authorizing the people of that territory to organize a constitutional convention to write a state constitution as a step towards admission to the Union. Each act details the mechanism by which the territory will be admitted as a state following ratification of their constitution and election of state officers. Although the use of an enabling act is a traditional historic practice, a number of territories have drafted constitutions for submission", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12258468", "score": "0.9605823", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Act (document)", "text": "monarchical system any royal edict, proclamation, or decree setting forth or establishing law as it affects all citizens. In parliamentary or congressional systems, acts passed by a legislature are known as acts of Parliament or acts of Congress. A notarial act (or notarial instrument or notarial writing) is any written narration of facts (recitals) drawn up by a notary public or civil-law notary authenticated by his signature and official seal and detailing a procedure which has been transacted by or before him in his official capacity. A notarial act is the only lawful means of proving those facts of which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12942565", "score": "0.957477", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Enabling act", "text": "States, an \"enabling act\" is a statute enacted by the United States Congress authorizing the people of a territory to frame a proposed state constitution as a step towards admission to the Union. Each act details the mechanism by which the territory will be admitted as a state following ratification of their constitution and election of state officers. Enabling acts can contain restrictions, such as the prohibition of polygamy in the Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma acts. Nevada was required to abolish slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime; to guarantee freedom of religious practice to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2866212", "score": "0.95713663", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Act of Parliament", "text": "Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature). Act of the Oireachtas is an equivalent term used in the Republic of Ireland where the legislature is commonly known by its Irish name, . It is also comparable to an Act of Congress in the United States. A draft Act of Parliament is known as a bill. In territories with a Westminster system, most bills that have any possibility of becoming law are introduced into parliament by the government. This will usually happen following the publication of a \"white paper\", setting out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1289526", "score": "0.95563716", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Legislation", "text": "the authority of a legislative act or for implementing a legislative act. Under the Westminster system, an item of primary legislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment. Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature (e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament), or by the executive, whereupon it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended before passage. Most large legislatures enact only a small fraction of the bills proposed in a given session. Whether a given bill will be proposed and is generally a matter of the legislative priorities of government.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629498", "score": "0.9552741", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "veto). In addition, if the President rejects a bill or resolution while the Congress is in session, a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress is needed for reconsideration to be successful. Promulgation in the sense of publishing and proclaiming the law is accomplished by the President, or the relevant presiding officer in the case of an overridden veto, delivering the act to the Archivist of the United States. After the Archivist receives the Act, he or she provides for its publication as a slip law and in the United States Statutes at Large. Thereafter, the changes are published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810945", "score": "0.9511928", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Law of the United States", "text": "session of Congress, the slip laws are compiled into bound volumes called the United States Statutes at Large, and they are known as session laws. The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted. Public laws are incorporated into the United States Code, which is a codification of all general and permanent laws of the United States. The main edition is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, and cumulative supplements are published annually. The U.S. Code is arranged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14610751", "score": "0.94871485", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bill (law)", "text": "the process of a bill becoming law may be termed enactment. Once a bill is passed by the legislature, it may automatically become law, or it may need further approval, in which case enactment may be effected by the approver's signature or proclamation. Bills passed by the legislature usually require the approval of the executive such as the monarch, president, or governor to become law. Exceptions are the Irish Free State from the abolition of the Governor-General in December 1936 to the creation of the office of President in December 1937, and Israel from its formation until today, during which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2329086", "score": "0.9487115", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Enabling act", "text": "all inhabitants; and to agree that all public lands owned by the federal government at the time of statehood would be retained after admission. The applicant territory then submits its proposed constitution to Congress, which either accepts it or requires changes. For example, in 1866, Congress refused the proposed Nebraska constitution because it limited suffrage to white males. Enabling Acts approved by Congress include: Although the use of an enabling act is a traditional historic practice, a number of territories have drafted constitutions for submission to Congress absent an enabling act and were subsequently admitted, and the act of Congress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2866213", "score": "0.9470593", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Act (document)", "text": "Act (document) An act is an instrument that records a fact or something that has been said, done, or agreed. Acts generally take the form of legal instruments of writing that have probative value and executory force. They are usually accepted as self-authenticating demonstrative evidence in court proceedings, though with the precarious status of notaries public and their acts under common law, this is not always so. Common types of acts are legislative, judicial, and notarial acts. Legislative acts (fully, acts of statute), or more commonly statutes, are the cornerstone of statutory and regulatory law. They may include in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12942564", "score": "0.94402754", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Part XI of the Constitution of India", "text": "List for implementing the international treaties, agreements or conventions. This provision enables the Central government to fulfil its international obligations and commitments. Some examples of laws enacted under the above provision are United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947; Geneva Convention Act, 1960; Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982 and legislations relating to environment and TRIPS. During President’s Rule: When the President’s rule is imposed in a state, the Parliament becomes empowered to make laws with respect to any matter in the State List in relation to that state. A law made so by the Parliament continues to be operative even after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11592549", "score": "0.94364595", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Act of Congress", "text": "promulgated, or given the force of law, in one of the following ways: The President promulgates Acts of Congress made by the first two methods. If an Act is made by the third method, the presiding officer of the house that last reconsidered the act promulgates it. Under the United States Constitution, if the President does not return a bill or resolution to Congress with objections before the time limit expires, then the bill automatically becomes an Act; however, if the Congress is adjourned at the end of this period, then the bill dies and cannot be reconsidered (see pocket", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "810944", "score": "0.94206345", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Organic act", "text": "Organic act In United States law, an organic act is an act of the United States Congress that establishes a territory of the United States and specifies how it is to be governed, or an agency to manage certain federal lands. In the absence of an organic law a territory is classified as unorganized. The first such act was the Northwest Ordinance, passed in 1787 by the U.S. Congress of the Confederation (under the Articles of Confederation, predecessor of the United States Constitution). The Northwest Ordinance created the Northwest Territory in the land west of Pennsylvania and northwest of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2811306", "score": "0.9385313", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Concurrent List", "text": "a law made by the Legislature of a State is repugnant to any provision of a law made by Parliament which Parliament is competent to enact, or to any provision of an existing law with respect to one of the matters enumerated in the Concurrent List, then, the law made by Parliament, whether passed before or after the law made by the Legislature of such State, or, as the case may be, the existing law, shall prevail and the law made by the Legislature of the State shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void. There is an exception", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17106379", "score": "0.9380742", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Act of Parliament", "text": "Majority Act 1977 was No. 9075 of 1977. General Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature). Act of the Oireachtas is an equivalent term used in the Republic of Ireland where the legislature is commonly known by its Irish name, . It is also comparable to an Act of Congress in the United States. A draft Act of Parliament is known as a bill. In territories with a Westminster system, most bills that have any possibility of becoming law are introduced into parliament by the government. This will usually happen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1289537", "score": "0.93761474", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Sunset provision", "text": "extensively throughout legal history . The idea of general sunset provisions was discussed extensively in the late 1970s. In American federal law parlance, legislation that renews an expired mandate is a \"reauthorization act\" or \"extension act\". Extensive political wrangling often precedes reauthorizations of controversial laws or agencies. High-profile examples in American law include: Part of the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Sedition Act was a political tool used by John Adams and the Federalist Party to suppress opposition. The authors ensured the act would terminate at the end of Adams' term so that it could not be used by Democratic-Republicans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3544842", "score": "0.9338346", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "List of United States federal legislation", "long_answer": "At the federal level in the United States, legislation (i.e., \"statutes\" or \"statutory law\") consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States and its predecessor, the Continental Congress, that were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.", "chunked_long_answer": "At the federal level in the United States, legislation (i.e., \"statutes\" or \"statutory law\") consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States and its predecessor, the Continental Congress, that were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.", "short_answers": [ "statutory law" ] }

[ "$100" ]

[ { "title": "Large denominations of United States currency", "text": "Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "United States five-dollar bill", "text": "United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a \"fin\". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the English \"five\", but it is far less common today than it was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing says the average life of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673070", "score": "0.94884324", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "United States ten-dollar bill", "text": "United States ten-dollar bill The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The obverse of the bill features the portrait of Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The reverse features the U.S. Treasury Building. All $10 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $10 bill is 4.5 years, or about 54 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Ten-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in yellow straps. The source of the portrait on the $10 bill is John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673080", "score": "0.9474093", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "United States fifty-dollar bill", "text": "United States fifty-dollar bill The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50) is a denomination of United States currency. The 18th U.S. President (1869-77), Ulysses S. Grant, is featured on the obverse, while the U.S. Capitol is featured on the reverse. All current-issue $50 bills are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $50 bill in circulation is 8.5 years, or approximately 102 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Approximately 6% of all notes printed in 2009 were $50 bills. They are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in brown straps. \"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673142", "score": "0.9456954", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "United States five-dollar bill", "text": "Have a Dream speech and the 1939 concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. \"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)\" \"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\" United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a \"fin\". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673075", "score": "0.9289672", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "United States ten-dollar bill", "text": "of Susan B. Anthony]] [[Category:Alice Paul]] [[Category:Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] United States ten-dollar bill The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The obverse of the bill features the portrait of Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The reverse features the U.S. Treasury Building. All $10 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $10 bill is 4.5 years, or about 54 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Ten-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in yellow straps. The source", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673087", "score": "0.91470325", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "United States twenty-dollar bill", "text": "United States twenty-dollar bill The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The seventh U.S. President (1829–1837), Andrew Jackson, has been featured on the front side of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse. As of December 2013, the average circulation life of a $20 bill is 7.9 years before it is replaced due to wear. About 11% of all notes printed in 2009 were $20 bills. Twenty-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in violet straps. Andrew Jackson first appeared on the $20 bill in 1928. Although 1928 coincides", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673088", "score": "0.9133935", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States five-dollar bill", "text": "$5 bill in circulation is 5.5 years before it is replaced due to wear. Approximately 6% of all paper currency produced by the U.S. Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 2009 were $5 bills. The redesigned $5 bill was unveiled on September 20, 2007, and was issued on March 13, 2008 during a ceremony at President Lincoln's Cottage. New and enhanced security features make it easier to check the new $5 bill and more difficult for potential counterfeiters to reproduce. The redesigned $5 bill has: The five dollar bill lacks the Optically variable ink of higher denomination US bills.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673071", "score": "0.9020664", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Large denominations of United States currency", "text": "Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today.\" Before they were 'retired', host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland. Ridiculously high denomination bills are sometimes used in fiction, for example the trillion dollar bill possessed by Montgomery Burns in The Simpsons. The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673234", "score": "0.8832253", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "notes were printed and a large amount were saved and hoarded upon their original issue. A typical single uncirculated 1976 $2 bill is worth only slightly above face value. If the note is circulated, then it is only worth its $2 face value. In 1996 and 1997, 153,600,000 bills were printed as Series 1995 for the Federal Reserve District of Atlanta. In 2004, 121,600,000 of the Series 2003 bills were printed for the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank. An issue of Series 2003A $2 bills was printed from July to September 2006 for all twelve Federal Reserve Banks. In all, 220,800,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105292", "score": "0.88189614", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "United States one-dollar bill The United States one-dollar bill ($1) is a denomination of United States currency. An image of the first U.S. President (1789–97), George Washington, based on a painting by Gilbert Stuart, is currently featured on the obverse (front), and the Great Seal of the United States is featured on the reverse (back). The one-dollar bill has the oldest overall design of all U.S. currency currently being produced (The current two-dollar bill obverse design dates from 1928, while the reverse appeared in 1976). The obverse design of the dollar bill seen today debuted in 1963 (the reverse in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761495", "score": "0.8790461", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Where's George?", "text": "a user gets hits on bills from all 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Most bills do not receive any responses, or hits, but many bills receive two or more hits. The approximate hit rate is around 11.4%. Double- and triple-hitters are common, and bills with 4 or 5 hits are not unheard of. Almost daily, a bill receives its 6th hit. , the site record is held by a $1 bill with 16 entries. To increase the chance of having a bill reported, users (called \"Georgers\") may write or stamp text on the bills encouraging bill finders to visit \"www.wheresgeorge.com\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13020021", "score": "0.8725962", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "2003A, 2009, and 2013. A series changes when there is a redesign of the bill or changes in signatory; Secretary of the Treasury or Treasurer of the United States. The U.S. treasury reports that $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills were in circulation worldwide as of April 30, 2007. Things such as unusual serial numbers (example: A11111111A), and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value. \"Collectible\" two-dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105280", "score": "0.8714658", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "United States two-dollar bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The portrait of the third President of the United States (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting \"Declaration of Independence\" by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"Coin\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105273", "score": "0.8711605", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Healthcare reform debate in the United States", "text": "by $18 billion, this was a considerably smaller deficit reduction than either the House or the Senate bills. The two bills are similar in a number of ways. In particular, both bills: The biggest difference between the bills, currently, is in how they are financed. In addition to the items listed in the above bullet point, the House relies mainly on a surtax on income above $500,000 ($1 million for families). The Senate, meanwhile, relies largely on an \"excise tax\" for high cost 'Cadillac' insurance plans, as well as an increase in the Medicare payroll tax for high earners. Most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13533806", "score": "0.87021446", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "United States twenty-dollar bill", "text": "the next redesigned bill will be the ten-dollar bill, not set to be released into circulation until at least 2026. Because of this, it appears that a redesigned twenty-dollar bill featuring Tubman might not be released until years after the original 2020 release date. United States twenty-dollar bill The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The seventh U.S. President (1829–1837), Andrew Jackson, has been featured on the front side of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse. As of December 2013, the average circulation life of a $20 bill is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673093", "score": "0.86302364", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ten Dollar Bill (Roy Lichtenstein)", "text": "Ten Dollar Bill (Roy Lichtenstein) Ten Dollar Bill (also referred to as The Dollar Bill) is a 1956 proto-pop art lithographic drawing by Roy Lichtenstein. Considered to be a combination of Americana art and cubism, the work is referred to as the beginning of Lichtenstein's work on pop art. Twenty-five editions of the lithograph were made by Lichtenstein, which were exhibited at several galleries. The piece is based on the design for the ten-dollar bill and has influenced several of Lichtenstein's later works. The picture has received generally favorable reception from critics, and is considered to be one of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17413205", "score": "0.8610306", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "dollar coin. On November 29, 2012, a House subcommittee met to consider replacing the dollar bill. This action took place after the seventh Government Accountability Office report on the subject. The latest report claimed that switching to dollar coins would save $4.4 billion over thirty years. However, according to polls, few Americans want to give up dollar bills. Recent budgets passed by Congress have included provisions to prevent the Treasury Department from spending any of its funds to redesign the one-dollar bill, largely because of potential cost impacts on the vending machine industry. United States one-dollar bill The United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761521", "score": "0.85633296", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Salmon P. Chase", "text": "United States $10,000 bill, the largest denomination of U.S. currency to publicly circulate. The bill was last printed in 1945. In 1969, the Federal Reserve began withdrawing high-denomination bills from circulation and as of 2009 only 336 $10,000 bills had not been returned for destruction. Chase County, Kansas, and Chase City, Virginia, are named in his honor. Chasevilles in Florida, Massachusetts, North Carolina (which only lasted from 1868 to 1871), New York, Ohio, and Tennessee were also named for him. Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and Chase Hall, the main barracks and dormitory at the United States Coast Guard Academy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1573582", "score": "0.8529656", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "United States fifty-dollar bill", "text": "≅ 189 × 79 mm)\" \"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\" In 2005, a proposal to put Ronald Reagan's portrait on the $50 bill was put forward, but never went beyond the House Financial Services Committee, even though Republicans controlled the House. In 2010, North Carolina Republican Patrick McHenry introduced another bill to put Reagan's portrait on the $50 bill. United States fifty-dollar bill The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50) is a denomination of United States currency. The 18th U.S. President (1869-77), Ulysses S. Grant, is featured on the obverse, while the U.S. Capitol is featured on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673143", "score": "0.8489547", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Series (United States currency)", "text": "at its own convenience. National currency, issued and unissued, has a series date (corresponding to when the design was last changed) and a release date. The first series printed by the Federal Reserve was Series 1914. It contained a $5 bill with Abraham Lincoln, a $10 bill with Andrew Jackson, and a $20 bill with Grover Cleveland, all of which were large-sized notes. The next series was Series 1918, which had large-sized notes in denominations from $50 to $10,000. The portraits were the same as the ones mentioned in United States dollar with one exception; the $1000 bill had Alexander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3034330", "score": "0.8462623", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Money bill", "text": "Money bill In the Westminster system (and, colloquially, in the United States), a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns taxation or government spending (also known as appropriation of money), as opposed to changes in public law. It is often a constitutional convention that the upper house may not block a money bill. There is often another requirement that non-money bill-type clauses may not be attached to a money bill. The rationale behind this convention is that the upper house, being appointed or indirectly elected, should not have any right to decide on taxation and public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4725431", "score": "0.844774", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Bills.com", "text": "expensive for a single domain name in 2005, and the price paid was for the domain name alone, not for any underlying business. Today, Bills.com is still listed as one of the top 25 all-time most expensive domain names. The website features a section called Ask Bill, which allows users to ask financial questions directly to experts in financial fields. In 2011, Bills.com teamed up with Experian to offer a new service called DebtCoach. DebtCoach pulls credit reports for consumers and organizes all of their debt and recommends options to eliminate debt. The recommendations it makes are based on a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10936304", "score": "0.8445111", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Money bill", "text": "senior Congress leader, challenged the speaker’s decision to treat the Aadhar Bill as a ‘money bill’ before the Supreme Court of India. Article 110(3) of the Constitution of India categorically states that 'if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final'. Therefore, one of the prime constitutional questions before the Supreme Court is whether it can review the speaker’s certificate classifying a bill as a ‘money bill’. In three prior cases, the Supreme Court of India has refused to review the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4725435", "score": "0.8427516", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "United States $1 Coin Act of 1997", "text": "the bill is 4 cents, and the Federal Reserve issues the bill into circulation at face value, investing the 96 cents difference in U.S. Government bonds. The interest the Federal Reserve receives goes to Federal Reserve expenses (about $2 billion), retained earnings (a few hundred million), dividends to member banks (another few hundred million); the rest goes back to the Treasury. Metcalf noted, \"It seems like an arcane system that could have been invented only by somebody who was mentally deranged.\" Alfred A. Outlaw of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority then spoke in favor of eliminating the dollar bill. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15331554", "score": "0.8399892", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Economic history of the United States", "text": "$690 billion in assets; others such as the leading insurance company AIG, the leading bank Citigroup, and the two largest mortgage companies were bailed out by the government. Congress voted $700 billion in bailout money, and the Treasury and Federal Reserve committed trillions of dollars to shoring up the financial system, but the measures did not reverse the declines. Banks drastically tightened their lending policies, despite infusions of federal money. The government for the first time took major ownership positions in the largest banks. The stock market plunged 40%, wiping out tens of trillions of dollars in wealth; housing prices", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4739277", "score": "0.83870226", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "1935) when it was first issued as a Federal Reserve Note (previously, one dollar bills were Silver Certificates). The inclusion of the motto, \"In God We Trust,\" on all currency was required by law in 1955, and first appeared on paper money in 1957. An individual dollar bill is also less formally known as a one, a single, a buck, a bone, and a bill. The Federal Reserve says the average life of a $1 bill in circulation is 5.8 years before it is replaced because of wear. Approximately 42% of all U.S. currency produced in 2009 were one-dollar bills.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761496", "score": "0.838536", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Ten Dollar Bill (Roy Lichtenstein)", "text": "in June 2006 at the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, and traveled across the country, exhibiting in Las Vegas and Austin, Texas, among other places. The collection tour ended in 2008. Based on the design for the United States ten-dollar bill, \"Ten Dollar Bill\" measures , and is drawn on sheets of paper with dimensions of . Classified as a proto-pop art work, the lithograph is considered by Janis Hendrickson to be \"a Picasso-esque vision of what currency could look like\", as well as a \"humorous\" combination of \"established art forms and Americana\". The drawing has the dimensions and shape", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17413210", "score": "0.8380747", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Large denominations of United States currency", "text": "The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar. Although they are still technically legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then. The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673231", "score": "0.83699894", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Money bill", "text": "bill can be introduced to the Parliament only at the President's recommendation. Additionally, tax can only be levied by the Parliament. Procedure for a Money Bill: The concept of money bills in India came to the forefront during the enactment of the Aadhar Act, 2016. In spite of resistance by the opposition, the Aadhaar Bill was certified as a ‘money bill’ by the Speaker of the Lower House. The Upper House proposed certain amendments, but ultimately the BJP-dominated Lower House rejected the amendments suggested by the Upper House and unilaterally enacted the Aadhar Act, 2016. Immediately thereafter, Jairam Ramesh, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4725434", "score": "0.833644", "original_retrieval_index": 42 } ]

{ "title": "Large denominations of United States currency", "long_answer": "Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.", "chunked_long_answer": "Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.", "short_answers": [ "$100" ] }

[ "the distal dorsal root" ]

[ { "title": "Pseudounipolar neuron", "text": "The soma (cell body) of each pseudounipolar neuron is located within a dorsal root ganglion. The axon leaves the cell body (and out of the dorsal root ganglion) into the dorsal root, where it splits into two branches. The central branch goes to the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord, where it forms synapses with other neurons. The peripheral branch travels through the distal dorsal root into the spinal nerve all the way until skin, joint, and muscle.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Unipolar neuron", "text": "Unipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Most neurons are multipolar, generating several dendrites and an axon and there are also many bipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons that begin as bipolar neurons during development are known as pseudounipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons are common in insects, where the cell body is often located at the periphery of the brain and is electrically inactive. These cell bodies often send a single neurite into the brain; however, this neurite may ramify into a large number of branches making a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7740267", "score": "1.0123538", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Unipolar neuron", "text": "very complex set of connections with other neurites, in regions of neuropil. Unipolar brush cells are neurons specific to the cerebellum and the granule region of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In all species, including vertebrates and invertebrates, many types of primary sensory neurons are pseudounipolar. Typically these have special structures for transducing some type of physical stimulus (light, sound, temperature, etc.) into electrical activity, no dendrites, and a single axon that conveys the resulting signals into the spinal cord or brain. Unipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7740268", "score": "1.0119972", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Peripherin", "text": "lower motor neurons, sensory and motor neurons of the cranial nerves, and autonomic neurons in ganglia and the enteric nervous system. It is also expressed in the central nervous system in a small set of brainstem and spinal cord neurons that have projections toward peripheral structures. Some of these structures include the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, pontine cholinergic nuclei, some cerebellar nuclei, and scattered neurons in the cerebral cortex. They can also be found in the ventral horn neurons and in the cholinergic laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) nuclei. A comparison of peripherin expression in the posterior and lateral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4301545", "score": "0.9973625", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Spinal cord", "text": "be divided into two different groups: the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior cortical spinal tract. The lateral tract contains upper motor neuronal axons which synapse on dorsal lateral (DL) lower motor neurons. The DL neurons are involved in distal limb control. Therefore, these DL neurons are found specifically only in the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements within the spinal cord. There is no decussation in the lateral corticospinal tract after the decussation at the medullary pyramids. The anterior corticospinal tract descends ipsilaterally in the anterior column, where the axons emerge and either synapse on lower ventromedial (VM) motor neurons in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12964562", "score": "0.9743294", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Floor plate", "text": "the FP region of the spinal cord. During injury cases, specifically cases of axon severance, Wnt signaling is upregulated and axons begin to initiate regeneration and the axons are reguided through the FP regions using Shh and Wnt signaling pathways. The spinal cord ependymal cells also reside in the FP region of the spinal cord. These cells are a neural stem cell population responsible for repopulating lost cells during injury. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into progenitor glial populations. During injury, a factor entitled Akhirin is secreted in the FP region. During spinal cord development, Akhirin is expressed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7902068", "score": "0.96229005", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dorsal root ganglion", "text": "Dorsal root ganglion A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion) (also known as a posterior root ganglion), is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. The axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons are known as afferents. In the peripheral nervous system, afferents refer to the axons that relay sensory information into the central nervous system (i.e. the brain and the spinal cord). These neurons are of the pseudo-unipolar type, meaning they have an axon with two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4098594", "score": "0.9591379", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "to a dendrite, or dendrodendritic, involving signaling between dendrites. An autapse is a synapse in which the axon of one neuron transmits signals to its own dendrites. There are three main types of neurons; multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. Multipolar neurons, such as the one shown in the image, are composed of one axon and many dendritic trees. Pyramidal cells are multipolar cortical neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and large dendrites called apical dendrites that extend to the surface of the cortex. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendritic tree at opposing ends of the cell body. Unipolar neurons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106716", "score": "0.9588173", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Spinal cord", "text": "the demarcation between the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grey column, (as three regions of grey columns) in the center of the cord, is shaped like a butterfly and consists of cell bodies of interneurons, motor neurons, neuroglia cells and unmyelinated axons. The anterior and posterior grey column present as projections of the grey matter and are also known as the horns of the spinal cord. Together, the grey columns and the gray commissure form the \"grey H.\" The white matter is located outside of the grey matter and consists almost totally of myelinated motor and sensory axons. \"Columns\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12964544", "score": "0.95867974", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Spinal interneuron", "text": "Spinal interneuron A spinal interneuron, found in the spinal cord, relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration. Most interneurons are found in the grey column, a region of grey matter in the spinal cord. The grey column of the spinal cord appears to have groups of small neurons, often referred to as spinal interneurons, that are neither primary sensory cells nor motor neurons. The versatile properties of these spinal interneurons cover a wide range of activities. Their functions include the processing of sensory input,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17680835", "score": "0.9544431", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Unipolar brush cell", "text": "Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of excitatory glutamatergic interneuron found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and also in the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus. The UBC has a round or oval cell body with usually a single short dendrite that ends in a brush-like tuft of short dendrioles (dendrites unique to UBCs). These brush dendrioles form very large synaptic junctions. The dendritic brush and the large endings of the axonal branches are involved in the formation of cerebellar glomeruli. The UBC has one short dendrite where the granule cell has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17501625", "score": "0.95300305", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Spinal interneuron", "text": "into the contralateral spinal cord. At that location, the interneuron excites the alpha motor neurons that innervate the extensor muscles of the opposite leg. This allows for balance and body posture to be maintained. Spinal interneuron A spinal interneuron, found in the spinal cord, relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration. Most interneurons are found in the grey column, a region of grey matter in the spinal cord. The grey column of the spinal cord appears to have groups of small neurons, often referred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17680851", "score": "0.950619", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Spinal interneuron", "text": "least 17 different subclasses of interneurons with ipsilateral axon projections were found. In addition, 18 types of commissural interneurons have been identified on the basis of morphology and location. In particular, the cell bodies of the spinal interneurons are found in the grey matter of the spinal cord, which also contains the motor neurons. In 1952, the grey matter of the cat's spinal cord was investigated, and it was shown to have ten distinct zones referred to as Rexed laminae. Eventually, the lamination pattern was also observed in several species including humans. Rexed laminae VII and VIII are locations where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17680837", "score": "0.9497368", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Human brain", "text": "shown to be brain-specific. In all neurons, ELAVL3 is expressed, and in pyramidal neurons, NRGN and REEP2 are also expressed. GAD1 – essential for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA – is expressed in interneurons. Proteins expressed in glial cells are astrocyte markers GFAP, and S100B. Myelin basic protein, and the transcription factor, OLIG2 are expressed in oligodendrocytes. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colourless transcellular fluid that circulates around the brain in the subarachnoid space, in the ventricular system, and in the central canal of the spinal cord. It also fills some gaps in the subarachnoid space, known as subarachnoid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708429", "score": "0.9458624", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Peripherin", "text": "Peripherin Peripherin is a type III intermediate filament protein expressed mainly in neurons of the peripheral nervous system. It is also found in neurons of the central nervous system that have projections toward peripheral structures, such as spinal motor neurons. Its size, structure, and sequence/location of protein motifs is similar to other type III intermediate filament proteins such as desmin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Like these proteins, peripherin can self-assemble to form homopolymeric filamentous networks (networks formed from peripherin protein dimers), but it can also heteropolymerize with neurofilaments in several neuronal types. This protein in humans is encoded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4301538", "score": "0.94287264", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Allodynia", "text": "located on both sides of the spinal cord. The axons then pass through the dorsal horn to make connections with secondary neurons. The secondary neurons cross over to the other (contralateral) side of the spinal cord and reach nuclei of the thalamus. From there, the information is carried through one or more neurons to the somatosensory cortex of the brain. Mechanoreceptors follow the same general pathway. However, they do not cross over at the level of the spinal cord, but at the lower medulla instead. In addition, they are grouped in tracts that are spatially distinct from the nociceptive tracts.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6616917", "score": "0.93901324", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lateral corticospinal tract", "text": "or organ and delivering the signal from the brain. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the lateral side of the spinal cord undergoes scarring. The astrocytes found in the spinal cord, which are vital to the healthy functioning of the central nervous system, fail to reabsorb a specific neurotransmitter. This causes the neurotransmitter to reach toxic levels and leads to scarring in the lateral regions of the spinal cord. This also disrupts neural signal transmission. Lateral corticospinal tract The lateral corticospinal tract (also called the crossed pyramidal tract or lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus) is the largest part of the corticospinal tract. It extends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7806956", "score": "0.92998284", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Unipolar brush cell", "text": "lobule VII are affected in some cases of Pick's disease, where they develop cytoskeletal anomalies and are recognized by antibodies to abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. UBCs have also been implicated in the dysfunction of balance and motor coordination present in Down syndrome. Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of excitatory glutamatergic interneuron found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and also in the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus. The UBC has a round or oval cell body with usually a single short dendrite that ends in a brush-like tuft of short dendrioles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17501629", "score": "0.9267698", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Neuromere", "text": "can be anatomically divided into 31 spinal segments based on the origins of the spinal nerves. Each segment of the spinal cord is associated with a pair of ganglia, called dorsal root ganglia, which are situated just outside the spinal cord. These ganglia contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. Axons of these sensory neurons travel into the spinal cord via the dorsal roots. Ventral roots consist of axons from motor neurons, which bring information to the periphery from cell bodies within the CNS. Dorsal roots and ventral roots come together and exit the intervertebral foramina as they become spinal nerves.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3863088", "score": "0.92634803", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Uniporter", "text": "in many biological processes, including action potentials in neurons. Voltage-gated sodium channels are involved in the propagation of a nerve impulse across the neuron. During transmission of the signal from one neuron to the next, calcium is transported into the presynaptic neuron by voltage-gated calcium channels. Potassium leak channels, also regulated by voltage, then help to restore the resting membrane potential after impulse transmission. In the ear, sound waves cause the stress-regulated channels in the ear to open, sending an impulse to the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). Uniporter A uniporter is an integral membrane protein that transports a single type of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3807677", "score": "0.9244161", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Neuromere", "text": "of the spinal cord. The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting denticulate ligaments, which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. The dural sac ends at the vertebral level of the second sacral vertebra. In cross-section, the peripheral region of the cord contains neuronal white matter tracts containing sensory and motor neurons. Internal to this peripheral region is the gray, butterfly-shaped central region made up of nerve cell bodies. This central region surrounds the central canal, which is an anatomic extension of the spaces in the brain known as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3863085", "score": "0.92358315", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Nervous system", "text": "cord. Grey matter is found in clusters of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, and in cortical layers that line their surfaces. There is an anatomical convention that a cluster of neurons in the brain or spinal cord is called a nucleus, whereas a cluster of neurons in the periphery is called a ganglion. There are, however, a few exceptions to this rule, notably including the part of the forebrain called the basal ganglia. Sponges have no cells connected to each other by synaptic junctions, that is, no neurons, and therefore no nervous system. They do, however, have homologs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "294311", "score": "0.92132497", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Neuromere", "text": "The gray matter, in the center of the cord, is shaped like a butterfly and consists of cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons. It also consists of neuroglia cells and unmyelinated axons. Projections of the gray matter (the “wings”) are called horns. Together, the gray horns and the gray commissure form the “gray H.” The white matter is located outside of the gray matter and consists almost totally of myelinated motor and sensory axons. “Columns” of white matter carry information either up or down the spinal cord. Within the CNS, nerve cell bodies are generally organized into functional clusters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3863089", "score": "0.91704416", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Spinal cord", "text": "Spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12964535", "score": "0.9159127", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Intermediolateral nucleus", "text": "Intermediolateral nucleus The intermediolateral nucleus (IML) is a region of grey matter found in one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord, the lateral grey column. This is Rexed lamina VII. The intermediolateral cell column exists at vertebral levels T1 – L2 and mediates the entire sympathetic innervation of the body, but the nucleus resides in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis (Clarke's column), the intermediolateral nucleus, and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from T1 to L2, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9996748", "score": "0.9152396", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Spinal cord", "text": "is made of 31 segments from which branch one pair of sensory nerve roots and one pair of motor nerve roots. The nerve roots then merge into bilaterally symmetrical pairs of spinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system is made up of these spinal roots, nerves, and ganglia. The dorsal roots are afferent fascicles, receiving sensory information from the skin, muscles, and visceral organs to be relayed to the brain. The roots terminate in dorsal root ganglia, which are composed of the cell bodies of the corresponding neurons. Ventral roots consist of efferent fibers that arise from motor neurons whose cell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12964539", "score": "0.9135742", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Spinocerebellar tract", "text": "Clarke's nucleus or \"Clarke's column\". This is a column of relay neuron cell bodies within the medial gray matter within the spinal cord in layer VII (just beneath the dorsal horn), specifically between T1-L3. These neurons then send axons up the spinal cord, and project ipsilaterally to medial zones of the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Below L3, relevant neurons pass into the fasciculus gracilis (usually associated with the dorsal column-medial lemniscal system) until L3 where they synapse with Clarke's nucleus (leading to considerable caudal enlargement). The neurons in the accessory cuneate nucleus have axons leading to the ipsilateral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5814254", "score": "0.91331756", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Thought", "text": "cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord and the peripheral nerves. A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord that cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the brain and spinal cord. Neurons respond to stimuli, and communicate the presence of stimuli to the central nervous system, which processes that information and sends responses to other parts of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "476417", "score": "0.91275024", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Seipin", "text": "Seipin Seipin is a homo-oligomeric integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that concentrates at junctions with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Alternatively, seipin can be referred to as Bernardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 protein (BSCL2), and it is encoded by the corresponding gene of the same name, i.e. BSCL2. At protein level, seipin is expressed in cortical neurons in the frontal lobes, as well as motor neurons in the spinal cord. It is highly expressed in areas like the brain, testis and adipose tissue. Seipin's function is still unclear but it has been localized close to lipid droplets, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19110824", "score": "0.9108211", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Acid-sensing ion channel", "text": "ASIC2b, and ASIC4 are commonly expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous system, while ASIC1b and ASIC3 are typically only located in the peripheral. In the peripheral nervous system, ASICs are located within the cell bodies of postsynaptic membranes and sensory nerve terminals. Additionally, ASICs are typically found in afferent nerve fibers of the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera, where they have been discovered to be associated with pain, taste, and gastrointestinal functions. In the central nervous system ASIC's are usually found in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. ASIC1 is specifically concentrated in the amygdala, illustrating its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14067374", "score": "0.90969014", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Pseudounipolar neuron", "long_answer": "The soma (cell body) of each pseudounipolar neuron is located within a dorsal root ganglion. The axon leaves the cell body (and out of the dorsal root ganglion) into the dorsal root, where it splits into two branches. The central branch goes to the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord, where it forms synapses with other neurons. The peripheral branch travels through the distal dorsal root into the spinal nerve all the way until skin, joint, and muscle.", "chunked_long_answer": "The soma (cell body) of each pseudounipolar neuron is located within a dorsal root ganglion. The axon leaves the cell body (and out of the dorsal root ganglion) into the dorsal root, where it splits into two branches. The central branch goes to the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord, where it forms synapses with other neurons. The peripheral branch travels through the distal dorsal root into the spinal nerve all the way until skin, joint, and muscle.", "short_answers": [ "the distal dorsal root" ] }

[ "Carpenter" ]

[ { "title": "John Carpenter (game show contestant)", "text": "On the November 19, 1999, episode of Millionaire, Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million-dollar question without using any lifelines. He then used his Phone-A-Friend to call his father not for help, but rather to tell him he was going to win the game. Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show's first millionaire. His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances, as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)", "text": "any phone to the number 6724 and follow the instructions of the system. The call comes at a cost of 0.60 BSF BS or 595 plus the cost of local call and every text message will cost $0.50 F or 500 BS. Both options will be three questions, you have five seconds to answer correctly each and have the option to participate in \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\" Once in the program, Dr. Eladio Larez will ask a question to the participants who answer correctly in the shortest time, wins the right to be a millionaire. At the discretion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14711987", "score": "1.0723925", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?", "text": "Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest Finger First\" round. \"Who Wants to Be Rich?\" is broadcast from October 2009 to today. It is shown on the Ghanaian TV station GTV. When a contestant gets the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878544", "score": "1.0429282", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chcete být milionářem?", "text": "Chcete být milionářem? Chcete být milionářem? (English translation: \"Do you want to be a millionaire?\") is a Czech game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Vladimír Čech, Martin Preiss and Ondřej Hejma (consecutively). The current host is Marek Vašut. The main goal of the game is to win 10 million Kč (€370,000) by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were 3 \"lifelines\", in the new version a 4th lifeline was added - fifty fifty (\"50:50\"), phone a friend (\"přítel na telefonu\"), ask the audience (\"rada publika\") and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13047840", "score": "1.0350146", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?", "text": "question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵300. When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵1,500. The payout structure is as below. Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878545", "score": "1.0295675", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"Who Wants to Be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919930", "score": "1.0211729", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (also known as \"WW2BAM\") is a Filipino game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game is to win 2 million Philippine pesos (earlier 1 million) by answering 12 multiple-choice (previously 15) questions correctly. There are four \"lifelines\": 50:50 (fifty-fifty), Phone A Friend, and Switch and Double Dip. The latter two replaced Ask the Audience, which was used until the 2010 season and of Phone-a-Friend until the 2012 season and reused for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12672955", "score": "1.0202047", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Teenage Millionaire", "text": "Teenage Millionaire Teenage Millionaire is a 1961 American comedy film directed by Lawrence Doheny and written by Lawrence Doheny and Harry Spalding. The film stars Jimmy Clanton, Rocky Graziano, ZaSu Pitts, Diane Jergens, Valerie Ziegler, Cheyenne Boyer, Gabriella Taliani, Maurice Gosfield and Eileen O'Neill. The film was released on August 17, 1961, by United Artists. Bobby Schultz goes to live with his Aunt Theodora and her butler-bodyguard Rocky following the sudden deaths of his parents. At a radio station she owns, Bobby takes a job and meets a girl, Bambi, who circulates a new record on which Bobby is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18369374", "score": "1.0113074", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)", "text": "edition and the prize that they each won: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (also known as \"WW2BAM\") is a Filipino game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game is to win 2 million Philippine pesos (earlier 1 million) by answering 12 multiple-choice (previously 15) questions correctly. There are four \"lifelines\": 50:50 (fifty-fifty), Phone A Friend, and Switch and Double Dip. The latter two replaced Ask the Audience, which was used until the 2010 season and of Phone-a-Friend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12672968", "score": "1.0101275", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown on the South African TV station SABC 3. Earlier the quiz was aired on M-Net, which also lent its logo in the quiz logo. Four seasons of the show were made. There was a project", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637771", "score": "1.0041263", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chi vuol essere milionario?", "text": "Chi vuol essere milionario? Chi vuol essere milionario? (; English translation: \"Who wants to be a millionaire?\"), originally titled Chi vuol essere miliardario? (; English translation: \"Who wants to be a billionaire?\"), is an Italian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", hosted by Gerry Scotti and broadcast on the Italian TV station Canale 5. In the original version (\"Chi vuol essere miliardario?\"; 2000–2001), the main goal of the game was to win 1,000,000,000 Italian lire by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were three \"lifelines\" – fifty fifty, phone a friend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12508635", "score": "1.0007287", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)", "text": "a contestant called Aroma Ufodike became the first person to win the ₦10 million, and currently, he is the only one who won the top prize of this game show. One of the questions related to celebrated Nigerian football referee Linus Mbah. Just like in Slumdog Millionaire Mr. Ufodike was able to answer the question from his personal experience. Mr. Mbah lived in the apartment above him or, as Mr. Ufodike put it - \"He lives on top of me!\" The Nigerian variation of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire has special editions which are recorded and broadcast at certain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12659550", "score": "0.999022", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "lifelines used in the original format of the game show include In the US version, some lifelines used corporate sponsorship. The US version of \"Phone-a-Friend\" was sponsored by the original AT&T throughout the run of the ABC primetime show and in the first season of the syndicated version, and then by the current AT&T for the 2009 primetime episodes. From 2004 to 2006, the US version of \"Ask the Audience\" was sponsored by AOL, which allowed users of its Instant Messenger to add the screen name \"MillionaireIM\" to their contact list and receive an instant message with the question and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491523", "score": "0.9950597", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Tko želi biti milijunaš?", "text": "Tko želi biti milijunaš? Tko želi biti milijunaš? (English translation: \"Who wants to be a millionaire?\", usually called \"Milijunaš\") was a Croatian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Tarik Filipović. The main goal of the game was to win 1 million kn (US$145,000 or €130,000) by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were 3 \"lifelines\", which are ways for a player to get help during the game. These were \"fifty fifty\" (\"pola pola\"), \"phone a friend\" (\"zovi\") and \"ask the audience\" (\"pitaj publiku\"). The game show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12549420", "score": "0.9947561", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Slumdog Millionaire", "text": "Millionaire?\", knowing that she watches the show regularly. Much to the consternation of Prem Kumar, the show's host, Jamal becomes a wonder across India. During a break before Jamal answers the penultimate question, Kumar tries to fool him by feeding him the wrong answer whilst in the men's room. After the break Jamal uses the 50/50 lifeline, leaving Kumar's answer and one other, but chooses the other one. The episode ends before the final question can be asked, and Kumar leads Jamal out of the studio where he is immediately forced into a police van. After an initial beating, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11438431", "score": "0.992838", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)", "text": "Phone the Teacher, students being able to call a teacher from their school. Also, as the show was prerecorded, the teachers had to be in a room where they could not see or hear the questions and answers in the studio to prevent them from looking up the answers through books or online or asking other teachers for the answer. The second lifeline change was that the Ask the Audience lifeline was called Ask the School, in which students from the contestants' school could vote using electronic keypads while they were watching the show being recorded. In addition, the \"Switch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11064874", "score": "0.99222255", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)", "text": "employee of RCTV Internacional, 1BC or its affiliates. First step: There are two ways to participate by calling the \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" 0900-900-1009 or sending a text message to your age, sex and identification number from any phone to the number 6724 and follow the instructions of the system. The call comes at a cost of 0.60 BSF BS or 595 plus the cost of local call and every text message will cost $0.50 F or 500 BS. Both options will be three questions, you have five seconds to answer correctly each and have the option to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14711985", "score": "0.9915161", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "of making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637772", "score": "0.98935056", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Quiz $ Millionaire", "text": "Quiz $ Millionaire , sometimes referred to as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, is a Japanese quiz show based on the original program of the latter title. It has been broadcast on Fuji Television since April 20, 2000, and is hosted by television personality . The main goal of the game is to win ¥10,000,000 by answering fifteen multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - , (a phone call to four supporters who are in one place), and . Whenever a contestant answers the fifth question correct, he is guaranteed ¥100,000. When a contestant answers the tenth question", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12732226", "score": "0.98851776", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Billionaire Boy", "text": "day and finds out that his Dad is holding a massive party and then Sapphire (Len's girlfriend) spurts out that she had seen Lauren on television before. Soon enough, Joe found out that his dad had paid Lauren to be his friend, and decides to run away. Raj, the kindly newsagent, finds Joe sleeping in a skip and talks over with Joe about his situation. Joe goes to Bob's home to apologize. Bob accepts but soon finds out that Mr Spud had lost his fortune as everyone is suing him because Bum Fresh is making everyone's bottom go purple. Joe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17004096", "score": "0.9879398", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "After the contestant's game was over, they were awarded anything from a collectible pin, to clothing, to a \"Millionaire\" CD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6920006", "score": "0.984509", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jamal Malik (character)", "text": "about to face retribution for their \"crimes\" against him years earlier. Salim draws a Colt Python revolver and robs Maman before killing him. The three flee for their lives to a closed hotel. They occupy an empty room, where Salim forces Jamal out, using the revolver once again. Jamal is working alone in a call center when a co-worker asks him to cover for him so that the co-worker can try to enter the India version of \"Who Wants To Be A Millionaire\". Jamal takes the opportunity to use the phone and call Salim and they are reunited where Jamal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13434137", "score": "0.9822517", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chcete být milionářem?", "text": "Austrian versions are shot as well. In June 2017 show returned to air. Chcete být milionářem? Chcete být milionářem? (English translation: \"Do you want to be a millionaire?\") is a Czech game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Vladimír Čech, Martin Preiss and Ondřej Hejma (consecutively). The current host is Marek Vašut. The main goal of the game is to win 10 million Kč (€370,000) by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were 3 \"lifelines\", in the new version a 4th lifeline was added - fifty fifty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13047842", "score": "0.9818075", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and when still unsure of the answer tossed a coin to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577481", "score": "0.9792453", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)", "text": "earlier, and to tell his older brother that he needs to go to Australia. But Del tells Rodney that he's already turned down the offer. The Trotter brothers then talk about how Rodney was right when he told Del during their earlier argument, \"The real opportunity lies here.\" Britain is in a bad way, people want a good bargain, and they turn to men like the Trotters, who will be there, and that this time next year, they will be millionaires. The Trotter brothers make up, Rodney goes to bed happy, and Del secretly laments his lost opportunity for wealth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8606135", "score": "0.97901636", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)", "text": "participate in \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\" If you were not shortlisted try again 0900-900-1009 calling or sending a text message to 1590. In a recorded weekly draw, with the participation of all respondents correctly during that week, 14 participants are chosen randomly selected and after a personality test, only 10 participate in the program, the remaining 4 will be whether any the former has a reason to stop him. There are two ways to participate by calling the \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" 0900-900-1009 or sending a text message to your age, sex and identification number from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14711986", "score": "0.9788927", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show) เกมเศรษฐี (English translation: \"Millionaire Game\", transliteration: \"Kemṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hī\") was a Thai game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Thai baht by answering 12 multiple-choice questions correctly (earlier 16 questions). There were three \"lifelines\", all other than in the original version - Double Dip (contestant can choose the answer two times), Help of Audience Members (help of two members of the audience who believe that they know the correct answer) and Switch The Question", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12709327", "score": "0.9762851", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "(How to Be A) Millionaire", "text": "Philbin was the former host of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" The music video is in animation and shows a cartoon Martin Fry and Mark White being overwhelmed by their luxury goods, which are continually growing in size. The other two band members make a brief appearance in cartoon form. (How to Be A) Millionaire \"(How to Be A) Millionaire\" is a song by English new wave and synth-pop band ABC. It was the first single taken from their third studio album, \"How to Be a ... Zillionaire!\" The single peaked at a modest No. 49 on the UK", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11473611", "score": "0.97613436", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show) Bǎi Wàn Zhì Duō Xīng (, for a translation see below) was a Chinese game show, hosted by Lǐ Fán (). It was based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The contestant's main goal was to win 1,000,000 Chinese yuan by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. This edition used the original 3 lifelines: Fifty Fifty, Phone A Friend and Ask The Audience. The first episode was broadcast on 29 September 2007. After answering five questions correctly, a contestant took home ¥5,000. If he/she answered ten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11908403", "score": "0.9759266", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Quiz $ Millionaire", "text": "on the show. Quiz $ Millionaire , sometimes referred to as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, is a Japanese quiz show based on the original program of the latter title. It has been broadcast on Fuji Television since April 20, 2000, and is hosted by television personality . The main goal of the game is to win ¥10,000,000 by answering fifteen multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - , (a phone call to four supporters who are in one place), and . Whenever a contestant answers the fifth question correct, he is guaranteed ¥100,000. When a contestant answers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12732231", "score": "0.97503245", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "John Carpenter (game show contestant)", "long_answer": "On the November 19, 1999, episode of Millionaire, Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million-dollar question without using any lifelines. He then used his Phone-A-Friend to call his father not for help, but rather to tell him he was going to win the game. Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show's first millionaire. His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances, as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself.", "chunked_long_answer": "On the November 19, 1999, episode of Millionaire, Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million-dollar question without using any lifelines. He then used his Phone-A-Friend to call his father not for help, but rather to tell him he was going to win the game. Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show's first millionaire. His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances, as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself.", "short_answers": [ "Carpenter" ] }

[ "2018" ]

[ { "title": "Villanova Wildcats", "text": "During the 2017-18 season, the team played its entire home schedule that season at the Wells Fargo Center following the reconstruction of the Pavilion scheduled to be completed in time for the 2018-19 school year. Wright has taken the Wildcats to 12 postseason appearances including 7 consecutive trips (2005–2011) and 5 consecutive trips (2013-2017) to the NCAA Tournament. The 2011-12 team struggled and missed postseason but Coach Wright brought a surprising young team back to the 2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by Jack Kraft to Final Four of the 1971 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. Coach Rollie Massimino took Villanova to a surprising 1985 National Championship. Current Coach Jay Wright reached the Final Four at the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament behind Dante Cunningham and Scottie Reynolds. The team most recently won the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for their third National Championship.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "of causing the Wildcats to abandon their regular defense and shift to man-to-man coverage. The team's plan was foiled when a pass by Bill Martin deflected out of bounds off the shin of Broadnax. Under 30 seconds had gone off the clock when the Wildcats regained the ball. Villanova resumed their ball-control offense, and took the lead with 2:37 remaining on a made shot by Jensen; the Wildcats had taken 62 seconds to run the play. Jensen's shot was the last attempted by Villanova in the game; all of the team's remaining points came on free throws. The Wildcats scored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177599", "score": "1.2691075", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "in the final five minutes to tie the game on an off-balance, double-clutch three-point shot that passed through the net with 4.7 seconds left, leaving the Wildcats one last chance to clinch a victory before overtime. Kris Jenkins inbounded the ball to four-year team captain Ryan Arcidiacono, who dribbled down court, passed the ball and set a bubble screen to assist Jenkins' game-winning shot. Coach Jay Wright credits the play to the \"Wildcat minute\", where the team practices late-game scenarios at every practice. The game has been called one of the greatest in the history of NCAA Tournament Championships. Villanova", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737983", "score": "1.2397053", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2008–09 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "champions, Kansas. Source Before the season began, on October 22, 2008, the Wildcats were selected to finish fifth among the 16 Big East Conference teams in the annual preseason coaches' poll at Madison Square Garden. As part of recent tradition, the 2008 Hoopsmania (an on-campus kickoff of the Villanova Basketball season), included a performance by hip-hop artist T-Pain. Previous artists have included 50 Cent, Tony Yayo and MIMS. The Villanova-Pitt game on January 28, 2009 was the last game to be held at the Wachovia Spectrum which drew a crowd of 17,449. The Wildcats finished perfect the year at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12431183", "score": "1.230058", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats", "text": "2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9817010", "score": "1.2175484", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "the Wildcats were coming off of a season in which they had lost to Illinois in the second round of the 1984 NCAA Tournament. The team's regular starting lineup included seniors Ed Pinckney, Dwayne McClain, and Gary McLain, along with juniors Harold Pressley and Dwight Wilbur. Villanova began the season 13–3, before a January 1985 loss at Maryland. The defeat started a slump that lasted throughout the rest of the regular season; the Wildcats had a 5–5 record in their final 10 regular season games, capped by a 23-point loss at Pittsburgh. After peaking at number 14 in the January", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177589", "score": "1.2108887", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "1949 College Player of the Year. Other notable players from the Severance era include Joe Lord, Larry Hennessy, Bob Schafer and George Raveling. Coincidentally, Severance died on April 1, 1985, which was the same day that Villanova upset Georgetown University and Patrick Ewing to take the NCAA basketball championship. The inaugural NCAA Tournament featured eight teams from throughout the country. Villanova, representing the Middle Atlantic States, beat Brown, representative of the New England States, 43–40 before a crowd of 3,500 at the Palestra. The following night, the Wildcats lost to Ohio State 53–36 in the Eastern Division Championship. Jack Kraft", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737953", "score": "1.2103703", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "Villanova's first loss of 2015, and the 2016 Big East Tournament championship as well as a Villanova blowout in a game that resulted in Seton Hall guard Sterling Gibbs punching Villanova guard Ryan Arcidiacono in 2015 and a narrow victory in the closing seconds of the 2017 Big East Tournament semifinals. Villanova along with Saint Joseph's University, La Salle University, Temple University, and University of Pennsylvania banded together to create the Philadelphia Big 5 in 1954–55. From that date until the mid-1970s all Big 5 games were contested at the Palestra (cap. 9,208) on Penn's campus. The Five competed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737992", "score": "1.210039", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "Wildcats played their first game in the Spectrum in Philadelphia. Because of the greater seating capacity, the 'Cats generally played a few home games each year at the Spectrum until the opening of what is now known as the Wells Fargo Center. Villanova christened its current home court as John Eleuthère du Pont Pavilion, now the Pavilion, with a 64–62 victory over Len Bias led Maryland squad on February 1, 1986. In 1985, under the direction of coach Rollie Massimino, the men's basketball team completed one of the most surprising runs in NCAA tournament history by winning the national championship", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737959", "score": "1.204556", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "Villanova win and a spot in the Final Four. In their game against Memphis State, the Wildcats won by a 52–45 final score to gain their title game berth. The game was played at Rupp Arena, in front of a crowd of 23,124 spectators. The Wildcats opened the scoring early in the first half. After Villanova narrowly avoided a turnover twice, Ed Pinckney passed the ball to Harold Pressley; under pressure from Ewing on defense, Pressley scored on a reverse layup to give the Wildcats a 2–0 lead. The Hoyas' David Wingate evened the score with a successful jump shot.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177592", "score": "1.2006094", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "joining the newly formed Eastern Eight Conference in 1975. In 1980, the 'Cats moved into the new Big East Conference, along with Georgetown, St. John's, and Syracuse. The 1980s were the golden age of the Big East, highlighted by the 1985 NCAA Tournament, when Villanova, Georgetown, and St. John's reached the Final Four. Massimino's teams had tremendous success in the NCAA Tournament, usually in an underdog role. Coach Massimino led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament eleven times, winning in 1985. His teams reached the Elite Eight five times in an eleven-year span: 1978, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1988. Coach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737957", "score": "1.1963301", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "Villanova's basketball program rose to prominence. Severance compiled a 413–201 record (.673). The 1938–39 team won the first-ever NCAA Tournament game, which put them in the inaugural Final Four. Severance led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament again in 1949, 1951, and 1955. Villanova earned NIT bids in 1959 and 1960. The most storied player in Villanova history, Paul Arizin, played during this era. Severance discovered Arizin, already a Villanova student, playing basketball in the Villanova Fieldhouse. Arizin holds the Villanova record for most points in a game (85), and is credited with inventing the jump shot and was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737952", "score": "1.1929462", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "22 rankings, the team fell out of the Associated Press Poll by mid-February. With an 18–9 record overall entering the 1985 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament, Villanova was not assured of receiving an invitation to the NCAA Tournament. In a rematch against Pittsburgh, the team won by eight points to effectively secure their tournament berth. In the semifinals of the Big East Tournament, the Wildcats suffered a 15-point loss to St. John's, leaving their record at 19–10 going into the NCAA Tournament. The Wildcats received the Southeast regional bracket's eighth seed and were matched in the first round against ninth-seeded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177590", "score": "1.1872535", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "so fascinating about the game is that Villanova, when it did not turn the ball over, almost always scored.\" Each team had 17 rebounds, the fewest in any Final Four contest as of 2015. The Wildcats lost multiple assistant coaches to other college positions in the years following the 1985 NCAA championship game. In the seven seasons Massimino spent as head coach at Villanova before leaving the program after the 1991–92 season, the team made it to the regional semifinals of the NCAA Tournament only once. The Wildcats did not return to the Final Four until 2009, and did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177604", "score": "1.18643", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Curse of Billy Penn", "text": "to college sports, two Philadelphia-area college basketball teams, the St. Joseph's Hawks (in Philadelphia) and the Villanova Wildcats (in Villanova), which had successful seasons in 2004 and 2006, respectively, failed to reach the Final Four of the NCAA Basketball Tournament. Both were eliminated in the fourth-round Elite Eight matches, with St. Joe's, first seed in the East Regional, losing in a close match to Oklahoma State, and Villanova, first seed in the Minneapolis Regional, falling to eventual NCAA-champion Florida. Villanova won the national championship in 1985, two years before the Liberty Place opening. A third Philadelphia-area team, the Temple Owls", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4160526", "score": "1.1852174", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Big East Conference (1979–2013)", "text": "led by John Thompson Jr., who was named three times as the conference Coach of the Year. They won five regular season conference championships and six Big East Tournaments to go with their 1984 national title. Villanova was coached by Rollie Massimino, who led them to the 1985 NCAA Championship in a historic 66–64 win over No. 1 ranked Georgetown where forward Ed Pinckney was named the Most Outstanding Player. In their first 11 seasons in the Big East, Villanova made 9 trips to the NCAA Tournament including advancing to the NCAA Elite Eight in 1982, 1983 and 1988 as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "839555", "score": "1.1840696", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Darrun Hilliard", "text": "Marquette on March 2 at the Wells Fargo Center, he established a new career high with 26 points on 7-of-11 shooting from the field. Villanova compiled a 29–5 record and won the Big East regular season championship and Battle for Atlantis title despite not being ranked in the preseason. In the 2014 NCAA Tournament, Hilliard scored 16 points to help Villanova get past Milwaukee. Villanova lost to eventual national champion Connecticut in the Round of 32, with Hilliard adding 13 points in the 77–65 loss. He was an honorable mention all-Big East selection at the conclusion of the regular season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18587873", "score": "1.183525", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "ended the 2016 season at 35–5 including the unanimous #1 ranking in the final Coaches' Poll (USA Today) while capturing their 2nd NCAA basketball championship trophy in the history of the program. In beating #3 seed Miami (AP #10), #1 seed Kansas (AP #1), #2 seed Oklahoma (AP #7) and #1 seed UNC (AP #3), Villanova became the first school in 31 years — since the 1985 Villanova Wildcats — to not only beat four top-three seeds on the way to a national title but to also beat four straight opponents ranked in the AP top 10, in addition to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737984", "score": "1.180386", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rollie Massimino", "text": "March 1973, succeeding Jack Kraft as head coach of Villanova and leading the 1984-85 Wildcats team to one of the greatest upsets in NCAA tournament history by knocking off top-seeded Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.) in the 1985 NCAA Tournament Championship Game. The road to the finals proved an even greater challenge, kicking off with a win on #9-seed Dayton's home court, followed by victories over #1-seed Michigan, #4-seed Maryland, #2-seed North Carolina, before culminating in a Final Four victory over #2-seeded Memphis State. After Villanova's unexpected championship run, Massimino was offered the head coaching position of the NBA's New Jersey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4803262", "score": "1.1794132", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats", "text": "Jane Sefranek-Stoltz (1970–75) and Joan King (1975–78). The 1982-83 season was the initial season for Villanova Women's basketball to play NCAA Division I and they joined the Big East Conference that same season. Villanova was the Big East regular season and tournament champions in both 1985-86 and 1986-87 behind All-American Shelly Pennefather. During the 2008-09 season, Coach Perretta led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament for the ninth time in his Villanova career. This marked the ninth postseason appearance in the previous 10 years for the Wildcats. After playing in the 2000 WNIT, Villanova went to four consecutive NCAA Tournaments", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9817015", "score": "1.1783049", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "who had beaten Villanova by 23 on December 7, 2015, at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii early in the season. In the National Semi-Finals, Villanova beat the Sooners by 44 points (an NCAA Final Four record) to advance to the NCAA Championship for the first time in 31 years. They faced the second-overall #1 seed North Carolina Tar Heels for the championship. On April 4, Villanova defeated UNC on a game-winning three-point shot at the buzzer by Kris Jenkins to win the NCAA Championship by a final score of 77–74, winning their second NCAA championship. UNC had recovered from a 10-point deficit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737982", "score": "1.1774067", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "and Alvin Williams, won the NIT and Big East Tournaments, respectively. The 1995 Big East Tournament title was capped by a decisive victory over a Connecticut team that had been ranked Number 1 during the regular season before being defeated on the Huskies home court by Villanova. This represents the one and only time Villanova won the original Big East Tournament before the Conference was reconfigured in 2013. However, five nights after their victory in the 1995 Big East Championship, the Wildcats lost a triple-overtime thriller to underdog Old Dominion on St. Patrick's Night in Albany, New York in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737963", "score": "1.1773324", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "shots from the field in both the regular season and the postseason. Before the championship game, Massimino told his team they had to play a perfect game in order to beat Georgetown. In perhaps the greatest shooting performance in NCAA history, the Wildcats went 22-of-28 from the field to convert a blistering 78.6% of their shots, including a second half where they missed only one basket. The Hoyas hung tough, converting 55% of their 53 attempts, but were unable to overcome the astounding shooting performance as Villanova won 66–64 to claim the NCAA championship. The Wildcat squad remains the only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737961", "score": "1.1770678", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "in the final minutes. Villanova lost by six, 68–62. Up to that time, the six-point loss was the narrowest spread of UCLA's six NCAA title game victories. Despite the loss, Villanova's Howard Porter was named the Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Porter was later stripped of the award and the team's NCAA victories were vacated after it was discovered that Porter had violated NCAA rules because he had signed a professional contract with the Pittsburgh Condors of the American Basketball Association during the middle of his senior year. During Rollie Massimino's tenure, the Villanova Wildcats abandoned their traditional independent status by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9737956", "score": "1.1765573", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Villanova University", "text": "by coach Jay Wright. In the 2006–2007 season, the Wildcats had a record of 22–11, and lost to Kentucky in the first round of the 2007 tournament. In the 2008 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the team was eliminated by the top-seeded, eventual champion Kansas Jayhawks in the Sweet 16, after upsetting the fifth seeded Clemson Tigers in the 1st round and defeating the thirteenth seeded Siena Saints in the 2nd round. In the 2009 tournament, the Wildcats upset the No. 1 seed Pittsburgh Panthers on a last second shot by guard Scottie Reynolds to win the East Region", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1812386", "score": "1.1749959", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Villanova Wildcats", "text": "they will play their home games at Jake Nevin Field House on the Villanova campus while the future Finneran Pavilion is undergoing renovations. The Women's basketball program started in 1969 and played under CIAW and AIAW through 1981-82 season before moving to NCAA Division I. In the 81-82 season, the Wildcats posted an outstanding 29-4 record and reached the Final Four of the 1982 AIAW Women's Basketball Tournament before losing to eventual National Champion, Rutgers. Through the 2009-10 season, the Villanova Women have a 669-413 alltime record since the program started in 1969. Previous head coaches include Liz Cawley (1969–70),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9817014", "score": "1.1735898", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "Marty Marback credited the encounter with giving his team energy going into the halftime break. After an opening period that announcer Brent Musburger called \"as good a half of college basketball as I've ever seen,\" the second half began with a successful jump shot by Ewing; Thompson had told the Hoyas to feature him in their offense. The Wildcats reclaimed the lead on a field goal by Harold Jensen, his third of the game, before Pinckney made a shot while being fouled by Ewing. His ensuing free throw attempt was good, and Villanova extended their lead to 34–30. The play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177596", "score": "1.1733564", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "minutes left in regulation, the Wildcats held a one-point lead, even though they had attempted only five field goals so far in the second half. Over the next few minutes of play, Villanova went up 53–48; after a field goal by Pinckney, the Hoyas called a timeout. The closing six minutes started with a Georgetown scoring run; the Hoyas took a 54–53 lead and gained ball possession off of a turnover by Villanova with about four minutes left. At this time, the Hoyas borrowed a page from Villanova's offensive strategy and started running the four corners offense, with the hopes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19177598", "score": "1.1727773", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Dwayne Anderson", "text": "Anderson sunk a three-pointer with 13 seconds left to give Villanova a 72-70 win over Seton Hall. On November 14, 2008, the Villanova Wildcats announced that Anderson was forced to miss an indefinite amount of games due to a fractured left foot. He went on to miss the inaugural seven games, though was back to play Houston Baptist University. Villanova blew them out 93-57. Upon his return, Anderson helped lead Villanova to the 2009 Final Four in Detroit, where the Wildcats lost to eventual champion North Carolina. In summer of 2009 he signed with BG Göttingen in Germany, where he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13252965", "score": "1.1723042", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "the Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen, they defeated Miami and upset overall No. 1 seed Kansas in the Elite Eight to advance to the fifth Final Four in school history. In the Final Four, the Wildcats defeated Oklahoma to advance to the school's third National Championship game. In the National Championship game, they defeated No. 1 seed North Carolina to earn the second NCAA Championship title in school history, the first since 1985. Prior to the season, Villanova was picked to win the Big East in a poll of Big East coaches. Josh Hart was named preseason Big East", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19431805", "score": "1.1713768", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Villanova Wildcats", "long_answer": "The Villanova Wildcats compete in the Big East Conference and are coached by Jay Wright. The team has traditionally divides its home schedule between its on-campus arena, the William B. Finneran Pavilion, and the Wells Fargo Center in South Philadelphia, for larger draws. During the 2017-18 season, the team played its entire home schedule that season at the Wells Fargo Center following the reconstruction of the Pavilion scheduled to be completed in time for the 2018-19 school year. Wright has taken the Wildcats to 12 postseason appearances including 7 consecutive trips (2005–2011) and 5 consecutive trips (2013-2017) to the NCAA Tournament. The 2011-12 team struggled and missed postseason but Coach Wright brought a surprising young team back to the 2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by Jack Kraft to Final Four of the 1971 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. Coach Rollie Massimino took Villanova to a surprising 1985 National Championship. Current Coach Jay Wright reached the Final Four at the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament behind Dante Cunningham and Scottie Reynolds. The team most recently won the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for their third National Championship.", "chunked_long_answer": "During the 2017-18 season, the team played its entire home schedule that season at the Wells Fargo Center following the reconstruction of the Pavilion scheduled to be completed in time for the 2018-19 school year. Wright has taken the Wildcats to 12 postseason appearances including 7 consecutive trips (2005–2011) and 5 consecutive trips (2013-2017) to the NCAA Tournament. The 2011-12 team struggled and missed postseason but Coach Wright brought a surprising young team back to the 2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by Jack Kraft to Final Four of the 1971 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. Coach Rollie Massimino took Villanova to a surprising 1985 National Championship. Current Coach Jay Wright reached the Final Four at the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament behind Dante Cunningham and Scottie Reynolds. The team most recently won the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for their third National Championship.", "short_answers": [ "2018" ] }

[ "doorbell installations", "toys" ]

[ { "title": "Transformer types", "text": "Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Transformer types", "text": "or between a high impedance instrument output and the low impedance input of a mixing console. Audio transformers that operate with loudspeaker voltages and current are larger than those that operate at microphone or line level, which carry much less power. Bridge transformers connect 2-wire and 4-wire communication circuits. Being magnetic devices, audio transformers are susceptible to external magnetic fields such as those generated by AC current-carrying conductors. \"Hum\" is a term commonly used to describe unwanted signals originating from the \"mains\" power supply (typically 50 or 60 Hz). Audio transformers used for low-level signals, such as those from microphones,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10062859", "score": "1.1511238", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Instrument transformer", "text": "may be present. Sometimes a second isolated winding (Y, Y, Y) (and third (Z, Z, Z) may also be available on the same voltage transformer. The primary may be connected phase to ground or phase to phase. The secondary is usually grounded on one terminal to avoid capacitive induction from damaging low-voltage equipment and for human safety. There are three primary types of potential transformers (PT): electromagnetic, capacitor, and optical. The electromagnetic potential transformer is a wire-wound transformer. The capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) uses a capacitance potential divider and is used at higher voltages due to a lower cost than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16797179", "score": "1.1436049", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Distribution transformer", "text": "drops open to give a visual indication of trouble. It can also be manually opened while the line is energized by lineworkers using insulated hot sticks. In some cases completely self protected transformers are used, which have a circuit breaker built in, so a fused cutout isn't needed. The low voltage secondary windings are attached to three or four terminals on the transformer's side. Higher secondary voltages, such as 480 volts, are sometimes required for commercial and industrial uses. Some industrial customers require three-phase power at secondary voltages. To provide this, three-phase transformers can be used. In the US, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4330711", "score": "1.1301095", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "High-voltage direct current", "text": "also be reduced by increasing the conductor size, larger conductors are heavier and more expensive. High voltage cannot readily be used for lighting or motors, so transmission-level voltages must be reduced for end-use equipment. Transformers are used to change the voltage levels in alternating current (AC) transmission circuits. Because transformers made voltage changes practical, and AC generators were more efficient than those using DC, AC became dominant after the introduction of practical systems of distribution in Europe in 1891 and the conclusion in 1892 of the War of Currents, a competition being fought on many fronts in the US between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "582929", "score": "1.1288962", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Low-voltage network", "text": "both short-circuit and overload protection, while low-voltage circuit breakers may be used in special circumstances. Spot networks are used when increased reliability of supply is required for important customers. The low-voltage network is supplied from two or more distribution transformers at a single site, each fed from a different MV feeder (which may originate from the same or different substations). The transformers are connected together with a bus or a cable on secondary side, termed \"paralleling bus\" or \"collector bus\". The paralleling bus typically does not have connecting cables (\"reaches\") to other network units, in which case such networks are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19142476", "score": "1.1254939", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Distribution transformer", "text": "distribution voltages used in the area; these range from as low as 2300 volts to about 35,000 volts depending on local distribution practice and standards; often 11,000 V (50 Hz systems) and 13,800 V (60 Hz systems) are used but many other voltages are standard. The high voltage primary windings are brought out to bushings on the top of the case. The transformer is always connected to the primary distribution lines through protective fuses and disconnect switches. For pole-mounted transformers this usually takes the form of a 'fused cutout'. An electrical fault causes the fuse to melt, and the device", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4330710", "score": "1.1250806", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "War of the currents", "text": "could not so easily be used with the DC system because there was no efficient low-cost technology to reduce a high transmission voltage to a low utilization voltage. In the alternating current system, transformers were used between the (relatively) high voltage distribution system and the customer loads. Lamps and small motors could still be operated at some convenient low voltage, but the transformers allowed power to be transmitted at much higher voltages, say, ten times that of the loads. For a given quantity of power transmitted, the wire cross-sectional area was inversely proportional to the voltage used. Alternatively, the allowable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2206609", "score": "1.1169186", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Electric power transmission", "text": "the circuit acts as a voltage divider, because the same current formula_7 runs through the wire resistance and the powered device. As a consequence, the useful power (used at the point of consumption) is: Assume now that a transformer converts high-voltage, low-current electricity transported by the wires into low-voltage, high-current electricity for use at the consumption point. If we suppose it is an ideal transformer with a voltage ratio of formula_9 (i.e., the voltage is divided by formula_9 and the current is multiplied by formula_9 in the secondary branch, compared to the primary branch), then the circuit is again equivalent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "496528", "score": "1.1158292", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Flyback transformer", "text": "intended output current. A convenient side effect of such a transformer is the considerable energy which is available in its magnetic circuit. This can be exploited using extra windings to provide power to operate other parts of the equipment. In particular, very high voltages are easily obtained using relatively few turns of windings which, after rectification, can provide the very high accelerating voltage for a CRT. Many more recent applications of such a transformer dispense with the need to produce high voltages and use the device as a relatively efficient means of producing a wide range of lower voltages using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4104568", "score": "1.1135747", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Instrument transformer", "text": "disconnected from its low-impedance load while current flows in the primary, as this may produce a dangerously high voltage across the open secondary (especially in a relaying type CT) and could permanently affect the accuracy of the transformer. The secondary winding can be single ratio or have several tap points to provide a range of ratios. Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16797177", "score": "1.1116992", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Galvanic isolation", "text": "power grid or other high voltage, for safety and equipment protection. For example, power semiconductors connected to the line voltage may be switched by optocouplers driven from low-voltage circuits, which need not be insulated for the higher line voltage. Transformers allow the output of a device to \"float\" relative to ground to avoid potential ground loops. Power isolation transformers increase the safety of a device, so that a person touching a live portion of the circuit will not have current flow through them to earth. Power sockets intended for electric razor supply may use an isolation transformer to prevent an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7701650", "score": "1.1114143", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Transformer", "text": "require a variety of transformer types. Although they all share the basic characteristic transformer principles, they are customized in construction or electrical properties for certain installation requirements or circuit conditions. Since the high voltages carried in the wires are significantly greater than what is needed in-home, transformers are also used extensively in electronic products to decrease (or step-down) the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage circuits they contain. The transformer also electrically isolates the end user from contact with the supply voltage. Transformers are used to increase (or step-up) voltage before transmitting electrical energy over long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417889", "score": "1.1057576", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Electric power conversion", "text": "considered power converters, such as the flyback transformer subsystem powering a CRT, generating high voltage at approximately 15 kHz. Consumer electronics usually include an AC adapter (a type of power supply) to convert mains-voltage AC current to low-voltage DC suitable for consumption by microchips. Consumer voltage converters (also known as \"travel converters\") are used when travelling between countries that use ~120 V versus ~240 V AC mains power. (There are also consumer \"adapters\" which merely form an electrical connection between two differently shaped AC power plugs and sockets, but these change neither voltage nor frequency.) Transformers are used in power", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3034059", "score": "1.10344", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Joule heating", "text": "voltage divider. In order to minimize transmission losses, the resistance of the lines has to be as small as possible compared to the load (resistance of consumer appliances). Line resistance is minimized by the use of copper conductors, but the resistance and power supply specifications of consumer appliances are fixed. Usually, a transformer is placed between the lines and consumption. When a high-voltage, low-intensity current in the primary circuit (before the transformer) is converted into a low-voltage, high-intensity current in the secondary circuit (after the transformer), the equivalent resistance of the secondary circuit becomes higher and transmission losses are reduced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3002283", "score": "1.1022894", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Transformer types", "text": "costs for civil works, transportation and installation. A pulse transformer is a transformer that is optimised for transmitting rectangular electrical pulses (that is, pulses with fast rise and fall times and a relatively constant amplitude). Small versions called \"signal\" types are used in digital logic and telecommunications circuits, often for matching logic drivers to transmission lines. Medium-sized \"power\" versions are used in power-control circuits such as camera flash controllers. Larger \"power\" versions are used in the electrical power distribution industry to interface low-voltage control circuitry to the high-voltage gates of power semiconductors. Special high voltage pulse transformers are also used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10062852", "score": "1.0999966", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Current transformer", "text": "transformers are mounted on porcelain or polymer insulators to isolate them from ground. Some CT configurations slip around the bushing of a high-voltage transformer or circuit breaker, which automatically centers the conductor inside the CT window. Current transformers can be mounted on the low voltage or high voltage leads of a power transformer. Sometimes a section of a bus bar can be removed to replace a current transformer. Often, multiple CTs are installed as a \"stack\" for various uses. For example, protection devices and revenue metering may use separate CTs to provide isolation between metering and protection circuits and allows", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4263286", "score": "1.0993118", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Folsom Powerhouse State Historic Park", "text": "on electrical streetcars, were restricted in use to being only a few miles from the DC generators. DC power, despite its restrictions, had become very useful. A rotary converter, a type of motor generator, was used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) for railway electrification from an AC power source. Factories were also heavy power users. Transforming AC voltages up to high voltages for long distance transmission and down to lower voltages at locations close to their use was a very attractive way to get access to a new source of power. Improvements in transformer design allowed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7267678", "score": "1.0977832", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Transformer", "text": "voltage supply to a low voltage load was a series circuit. Open-core transformers with a ratio near 1:1 were connected with their primaries in series to allow use of a high voltage for transmission while presenting a low voltage to the lamps. The inherent flaw in this method was that turning off a single lamp (or other electric device) affected the voltage supplied to all others on the same circuit. Many adjustable transformer designs were introduced to compensate for this problematic characteristic of the series circuit, including those employing methods of adjusting the core or bypassing the magnetic flux around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417896", "score": "1.0976142", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Low-voltage network", "text": "connections, up to , while in European design they can reach up to . North American distribution transformers must be therefore placed much closer to consumers, and are smaller (25–50 kVA), while European ones can cover larger areas and thus have higher ratings (300–1000 kVA); only the remote rural areas in European design are served by single-phase transformers. As the low-voltage distribute the electric power to the widest class of end users, another main design concern is safety of consumers who use the electric appliances and their protection against electric shocks. An earthing system, in combination with protective devices such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19142473", "score": "1.0964848", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Transformers and Electricals Kerala Limited", "text": "to various state electricity boards, organizations and other utilities. \"Voltage transformers\" (VT), also known as \"potential transformers\" (PT), are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. TELK manufactures hermetically sealed, oil impregnated paper insulated, oil filled, porcelain type outdoor electromagnetic potential transformers up to 245 kV. A \"transformer bushing\" is an insulated device that allows an electrical conductor to pass safely through a grounded conducting barrier. TELK was the first Indian company to manufacture 420 kV oil impregnated paper condenser bushings in the year 1970. Transformers manufactured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20667871", "score": "1.0926389", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Electrode line", "text": "reducing the possibility that a pole fault will cause a bipolar outage. Usually these ground return paths are only used for very short durations until the faulted pole can be returned to service. The ground current in such schemes can flow in either direction, and the electrodes have to be designed to be reversible, operating either as an anode or cathode. HVDC electrodes are also used in some monopolar HVDC systems, for example the Italy–Corsica–Sardinia scheme. In such systems the electrode line permanently carries the same current as the high-voltage conductor; however since the ground current is then only unidirectional,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4868416", "score": "1.0917743", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Flyback transformer", "text": "Flyback transformer A flyback transformer (FBT), also called a line output transformer (LOPT), is a special type of electrical transformer. It was initially designed to generate high voltage sawtooth signals at a relatively high frequency. In modern applications, it is used extensively in switched-mode power supplies for both low (3 V) and high voltage (over 10 kV) supplies. The flyback transformer circuit was invented as a means of controlling the horizontal movement of the electron beam in a cathode ray tube (CRT). Unlike conventional transformers, a flyback transformer is not fed with a signal of the same waveshape as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4104567", "score": "1.0914342", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Electric power transmission", "text": "used for subtransmission, and subtransmission voltages became distribution voltages. Like transmission, subtransmission moves relatively large amounts of power, and like distribution, subtransmission covers an area instead of just point-to-point. At the substations, transformers reduce the voltage to a lower level for distribution to commercial and residential users. This distribution is accomplished with a combination of sub-transmission (33 to 132 kV) and distribution (3.3 to 25 kV). Finally, at the point of use, the energy is transformed to low voltage (varying by country and customer requirements – see Mains electricity by country). High-voltage power transmission allows for lesser resistive losses over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "496526", "score": "1.0895516", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Electric power transmission", "text": "also used at high voltages to reduce energy loss caused by corona discharge. Today, transmission-level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above. Lower voltages, such as 66 kV and 33 kV, are usually considered subtransmission voltages, but are occasionally used on long lines with light loads. Voltages less than 33 kV are usually used for distribution. Voltages above 765 kV are considered extra high voltage and require different designs compared to equipment used at lower voltages. Since overhead transmission wires depend on air for insulation, the design of these lines requires minimum clearances to be observed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "496493", "score": "1.0868962", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Instrument transformer", "text": "an electromagnetic PT. An optical voltage transformer exploits the Faraday effect, rotating polarized light, in optical materials. Instrument transformer Instrument transformers are high accuracy class electrical devices used to isolate or transform voltage or current levels. The most common usage of instrument transformers is to operate instruments or metering from high voltage or high current circuits, safely isolating secondary control circuitry from the high voltages or currents. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the high voltage or high current circuit, and the meter or relay is connected to the secondary circuit. Instrument transformers may also be used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16797180", "score": "1.0854362", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Transformer types", "text": "supply being measured and to have an accurate voltage ratio to enable accurate metering. A potential transformer may have several secondary windings on the same core as a primary winding, for use in different metering or protection circuits. The primary may be connected phase to ground or phase to phase. The secondary is usually grounded on one terminal. There are three primary types of voltage transformers (VT): electromagnetic, capacitor, and optical. The electromagnetic voltage transformer is a wire-wound transformer. The capacitor voltage transformer uses a capacitance potential divider and is used at higher voltages due to a lower cost than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10062850", "score": "1.0840471", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Railway electrification system", "text": "use higher voltages for efficiency. (\"Low\" voltage is relative; even 600 V can be instantly lethal when touched.) Since utilities supply high-voltage AC, DC railways use converter stations to produce relatively low-voltage DC (usually 3000 volts or less). Originally they used rotary converters, a few of which are even still in operation, but most were supplanted first by mercury arc rectifiers and then by semiconductor rectifiers. The increasing availability of high-voltage semiconductors may allow the use of higher and more efficient DC voltages that heretofore have only been practical with AC. Some DC locomotives used motor-generator sets as \"stepdown transformers\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2881725", "score": "1.0836778", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tesla coil", "text": "circuit, often augmenting it with low pass filters (resistor and capacitor (RC) networks) between the supply transformer and spark gap to help protect the supply transformer. This is especially important when using transformers with fragile high-voltage windings, such as neon sign transformers (NSTs). Regardless of which configuration is used, the HV transformer must be of a type that self-limits its secondary current by means of internal leakage inductance. A normal (low leakage inductance) high-voltage transformer must use an external limiter (sometimes called a ballast) to limit current. NSTs are designed to have high leakage inductance to limit their short circuit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "508053", "score": "1.0822408", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "High-leg delta", "text": "transformers), and a second transformer is connected to another phase on the circuit and its secondary is connected to one side of the 'lighting' transformer secondary, and the other side of this transformer is brought out as the 'high leg'. The voltages between the three phases are the same in magnitude, however the voltage magnitudes between a particular phase and the neutral vary. The phase-to-neutral voltage of two of the phases will be half of the phase-to-phase voltage. The remaining phase-to-neutral voltage will be /2 the phase-to-phase voltage. So if A-B, B-C and C-A are all 240 volts, then A-N", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9234507", "score": "1.0768499", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Transformer types", "long_answer": "Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations.", "chunked_long_answer": "Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations.", "short_answers": [ "doorbell installations", "toys" ] }

[ "the largest hot desert" ]

[ { "title": "Sahara", "text": "The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from dialectal Arabic word for \"desert\", ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Prehistoric North Africa", "text": "approximately where it is today, leading to the gradual desertification of the Sahara. The Sahara is now as dry as it was about 13,000 years ago. These conditions are responsible for what has been called the Sahara pump theory. During periods of a wet or \"Green Sahara\", the Sahara becomes a savanna grassland and various flora and fauna become more common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions and the flora and fauna are forced to retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley. This separates populations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2008306", "score": "0.9742925", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "North Africa", "text": "expanse of the Sahara desert, which is the largest sand desert in the world. In places the desert is cut by irregular watercourses called wadis—streams that flow only after rainfalls but are usually dry. The Sahara’s major landforms include ergs, large seas of sand that sometimes form into huge dunes; the hammada, a level rocky plateau without soil or sand; and the reg, a level plain of gravel or small stones. The Sahara covers the southern part of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, and most of Libya. Only two regions of Libya are outside the desert: Tripolitania in the northwest and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "286618", "score": "0.9702223", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population. The Sahara covers large parts of Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Western Sahara, Sudan and Tunisia. It covers , amounting to 31% of Africa. If all areas with a mean annual precipitation of less than 250 mm were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141803", "score": "0.9687999", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tourism in the Arab world", "text": "Deserts reign in most of northern Africa where the Sahara exists, the world's hottest desert where some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height. The Arabian Peninsula is mainly covered by a range of deserts: the Nefud in the north, which is a stony desert; the Rub' Al-Khali or \"Great Arabian Desert\" in the south, and between them, the Dahna desert. In contrast, the Arab World boasts some of the highest mountain ranges in both Africa and Asia. The Atlas Mountains rise from the northern Sahara to peak of 4,167 m before cascading east towards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295763", "score": "0.9610745", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "the predominant factor that explains the hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification \"BWh\") of this vast region. The lowering of air is the strongest and the most effective over the eastern part of the Great Desert, in the Libyan Desert which is the sunniest, driest and the most nearly \"rain-less\" place on the planet rivaling the Atacama Desert, lying in Chile and Peru. The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141810", "score": "0.95468354", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually). Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; Ghat in Libya; and Faya-Largeau in Chad. The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow causes a warming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141808", "score": "0.9488357", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Sahara Desert (ecoregion)", "text": "Libya. Sahara Desert (ecoregion) The Sahara Desert ecoregion, as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), includes the hyper-arid center of the Sahara, between 18° and 30° N. It is one of several desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions that cover the northern portion of the African continent. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The vast desert encompasses several ecologically distinct regions. The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of in the hot, hyper-arid center of the Sahara, surrounded on the north,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "358001", "score": "0.9429752", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "is linked to a marked decline in the scale of the Nile floods between 2700 and 2100 BCE. The Sahara comprises several distinct ecoregions. With their variations in temperature, rainfall, elevation, and soil, these regions harbor distinct communities of plants and animals. The Atlantic coastal desert is a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast where fog generated offshore by the cool Canary Current provides sufficient moisture to sustain a variety of lichens, succulents, and shrubs. It covers an area of in the south of Morocco and Mauritania. The North Saharan steppe and woodlands is along the northern desert, next to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141834", "score": "0.94256866", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "less vegetation resulting in a phase of the Sahara climate cycle known as the \"desert Sahara\". The Sahara has been a desert for several thousand years, and is expected to become green again in about 15,000 years time (17,000 AD). Just prior to Saharan desertification, the communities that developed south of Egypt, in what is now Sudan, were full participants in the Neolithic revolution and lived a settled to semi-nomadic lifestyle, with domesticated plants and animals. It has been suggested that megaliths found at Nabta Playa are examples of the world's first known archaeoastronomical devices, predating Stonehenge by some 1,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187185", "score": "0.94049585", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "desert, including the Aïr Mountains, Ahaggar Mountains, Saharan Atlas, Tibesti Mountains, Adrar des Iforas, and the Red Sea hills. The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi, a shield volcano in the Tibesti range of northern Chad. The central Sahara is hyperarid, with sparse vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis, where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid region, there are many subdivisions of the great desert: Tanezrouft, the Ténéré, the Libyan Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nubian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141805", "score": "0.94049513", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Desertification", "text": "the existence of desert in the place where is now the Sahara desert: a natural climate cycle cause a lack of water in this area from time to time. There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population. One of the causes of desertification in the 20th-21st centuries is probably climate change At least 90% of the inhabitants of drylands live in developing countries, where they also suffer from poor economic and social conditions. This situation is exacerbated by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106402", "score": "0.9401052", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "which brought rain further north than it does today. By around 4200 BCE, however, the monsoon retreated south to approximately where it is today, leading to the gradual desertification of the Sahara. The Sahara is now as dry as it was about 13,000 years ago. The Sahara pump theory describes this cycle. During periods of a wet or \"Green Sahara\", the Sahara becomes a savanna grassland and various flora and fauna become more common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions and the flora and fauna are forced to retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141828", "score": "0.931456", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Sahara Desert (ecoregion)", "text": "that crosses the ecoregion is the Nile River, which originates in central Africa and empties northwards into the Mediterranean Sea. Some areas encompass vast underground aquifers resulting in oases, while other regions severely lack water reserves. The Sahara Desert features a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification \"BWh\"). The Sahara Desert is one of the driest and hottest regions of the world, with a mean temperature sometimes over and the average high temperatures in summer are over for months at a time, and can even soar to . In desert rocky mountains such as the Tibesti in Libya or the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "357997", "score": "0.9314043", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert. For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (\"precession\") in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141802", "score": "0.9302814", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sahara pump theory", "text": "in other periods due to the geologic uplift (Nubian Swell) of the Nile River region. During periods of a wet or \"Green Sahara\", the Sahara and Arabia become a savanna grassland and African flora and fauna become common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions, usually as a result of the retreat of the West African Monsoon southwards. Evaporation exceeds precipitation, the level of water in lakes like Lake Chad falls, and rivers become dry wadis. Flora and fauna previously widespread as a result retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9390525", "score": "0.9288193", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sahara Desert (ecoregion)", "text": "Sahara Desert (ecoregion) The Sahara Desert ecoregion, as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), includes the hyper-arid center of the Sahara, between 18° and 30° N. It is one of several desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions that cover the northern portion of the African continent. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The vast desert encompasses several ecologically distinct regions. The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of in the hot, hyper-arid center of the Sahara, surrounded on the north, south,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "357994", "score": "0.9283817", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "mass, which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert from the heating of the vast continental land area, and it affects the whole desert during most of the year. Because of this extreme heating process, a thermal low is usually noticed near the surface, and is the strongest and the most developed during the summertime. The Sahara High represents the eastern continental extension of the Azores High, centered over the North Atlantic Ocean. The subsidence of the Sahara High nearly reaches the ground during the coolest part of the year while it is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141811", "score": "0.9273765", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Maghreb", "text": "across northern Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Its central part is hyper-arid and supports little plant or animal life, but the northern portion of the desert receives occasional winter rains, while the strip along the Atlantic coast receives moisture from marine fog, which nourishes a greater variety of plants and animals. The northern edge of the Sahara corresponds to the 100 mm isohyet, which is also the northern range of the date palm \"(Phoenix dactylifera)\". The countries of the Maghreb share many cultural traditions. Among these is a culinary tradition that Habib Bourguiba defined as Western", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2220219", "score": "0.92469746", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "rainfall due to the arrival of the Intertropical Convergence Zone from the south and the annual average rainfall ranges from to . For example, Timbuktu, Mali and Agadez, Niger are found in this zone. The vast central hyper-arid core of the desert is virtually never affected by northerly or southerly atmospheric disturbances and permanently remains under the influence of the strongest anticyclonic weather regime, and the annual average rainfall can drop to less than . In fact, most of the Sahara receives less than . Of the of desert land in the Sahara, an area of about (about 31% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141822", "score": "0.92409873", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "ranges from very low in the northern and southern fringes of the desert to nearly non-existent over the central and the eastern part. The thin northern fringe of the desert receives more winter cloudiness and rainfall due to the arrival of low pressure systems over the Mediterranean Sea along the polar front, although very attenuated by the rain shadow effects of the mountains and the annual average rainfall ranges from to . For example, Biskra, Algeria and Ouarzazate, Morocco are found in this zone. The southern fringe of the desert along the border with the Sahel receives summer cloudiness and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141821", "score": "0.9233646", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "as the olive tree are found to grow. It was long believed that the region had been this way since about 1600 BCE, after shifts in the Earth's axis increased temperatures and decreased precipitation, which led to the abrupt desertification of North Africa about 5,400 years ago. However, this theory has recently been called into dispute, when samples taken from several 7 million year old sand deposits led scientists to reconsider the timeline for desertification. The Kiffian culture is a prehistoric industry, or domain, that existed between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago in the Sahara, during the Neolithic Subpluvial. Human", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141846", "score": "0.9222485", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "in Algeria for its extreme heat, has average high temperatures of , , and in June, July, August and September respectively. There are even hotter spots in the Sahara, but they are located in extremely remote areas, especially in the Azalai, lying in northern Mali. The major part of the desert experiences around three to five months when the average high strictly exceeds . The southern central part of the desert experiences up to six or seven months when the average high temperature strictly exceeds which shows the constancy and the length of the really hot season in the Sahara.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141817", "score": "0.9215807", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Atlantic coastal desert", "text": "ocean current gives an even higher atmospheric stability in the desert, by cooling air at the base. This increase in atmospheric stability serves to further reduce the amount of rainfall. Therefore, the climate is extremely dry with some 30 mm of annual precipitation in Dakhla, Western Sahara and 40 mm of annual precipitation in Nouadhibou, Mauritania and several years may pass without any rainfall at all. The climate is also very sunny year-round with around 3,200 hours of annual bright sunshine, though far less sunny than in other parts of the desert of North Africa due to fog and haze.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11370289", "score": "0.92118", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Beautiful Planet", "text": "questions as to exactly when and how the Sahara turned from a green savanna into a desert, there is consensus that the Namib has been arid for tens of millions of years longer than its enormous, \"new\" African neighbor to the north, and that it has had a desert climate longer than any other region in the world. The movie demonstrates another superlative by showing a snow-capped segment of South America's Andes, \"the longest [continental] mountain range in the world.\" Because they stretch across so much varied terrain as they wrap around the globe from Venezuela north of the Equator,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19296183", "score": "0.92044306", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sahara", "text": "the North African Monsoon – usually southward. The cycle is caused by a 41000-year cycle in which the tilt of the earth changes between 22° and 24.5°. At present (2000 AD), we are in a dry period, but it is expected that the Sahara will become green again in 15000 years (17000 AD). When the North African monsoon is at its strongest annual precipitation and subsequent vegetation in the Sahara region increase, resulting in conditions commonly referred to as the \"green Sahara\". For a relatively weak North African monsoon, the opposite is true, with decreased annual precipitation and less vegetation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2141825", "score": "0.9200696", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Desert", "text": "Sahara. In 1961, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions on Earth into three categories according to the amount of precipitation they received. In this now widely accepted system, extremely arid lands have at least twelve consecutive months without precipitation, arid lands have less than 250 mm (10 in) of annual precipitation, and semiarid lands have a mean annual precipitation of between 250 and 500 mm (10–20 in). Both extremely arid and arid lands are considered to be deserts while semiarid lands are generally referred to as steppes when they are grasslands. Deserts are also classified, according to their geographical location and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367905", "score": "0.9200417", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "hunting and gathering. Some of the oldest rock art was produced by them. For several hundred thousand years the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (\"precession\") in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun which change the location of the North African Monsoon. When the North African monsoon is at its strongest annual precipitation and subsequent vegetation in the Sahara region increase, resulting in conditions commonly referred to as the \"green Sahara\". For a relatively weak North African monsoon, the opposite is true, with decreased annual precipitation and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187184", "score": "0.918038", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Prehistoric North Africa", "text": "Neolithic nomadic pastoralism in the 3rd millennium BC, and early Iron Age Phoenician colonization along the Mediterranean coast from about 1100 BC. Human habitation in North Africa has been greatly influenced by the climate of the Sahara (currently the world's largest warm desert), which has undergone enormous variations between wet and dry over the last few hundred thousand years. This is due to a 41000-year cycle in which the tilt of the earth changes between 22° and 24.5°. At present (2000 AD), we are in a dry period, but it is expected that the Sahara will become green again in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2008304", "score": "0.9167428", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Desert", "text": "Sahara is a very large expanse of land stretching from the Atlantic rim to Egypt. Trade routes were developed linking the Sahel in the south with the fertile Mediterranean region to the north and large numbers of camels were used to carry valuable goods across the desert interior. The Tuareg were traders and the goods transported traditionally included slaves, ivory and gold going northwards and salt going southwards. Berbers with knowledge of the region were employed to guide the caravans between the various oases and wells. Several million slaves may have been taken northwards across the Sahara between the 8th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367957", "score": "0.91529864", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Sahara", "long_answer": "The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from dialectal Arabic word for \"desert\", ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).", "chunked_long_answer": "The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from dialectal Arabic word for \"desert\", ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).", "short_answers": [ "the largest hot desert" ] }

[ "allergies", "infection", "irritation" ]

[ { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph. aureus. Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and minor trauma. Allergies may include substances like toothpaste, makeup, and food. Often a number of factors are involved. Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function. Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "but any substance capable of causing generalized allergic cheilitis may present involving the corners of the mouth alone. Examples of potential allergens include substances that may be present in some types of lipstick, toothpaste, acne products, cosmetics, chewing gum, mouthwash, foods, dental appliances, and materials from dentures or mercury containing amalgam fillings. It is usually impossible to tell the difference between irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis without a patch test. Severe tooth wear or ill fitting dentures may cause wrinkling at the corners of the lip that creates a favorable environment for the condition. This can be corrected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650357", "score": "0.91574585", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "other cases the lesion may extend past the vermilion border (the edge where the lining on the lips becomes the skin on the face) onto the facial skin. Initially, the corners of the mouth develop a gray-white thickening and adjacent erythema (redness). Later, the usual appearance is a roughly triangular area of erythema, edema (swelling) and breakdown of skin at either corner of the mouth. The mucosa of the lip may become fissured (cracked), crusted, ulcerated or atrophied. There is not usually any bleeding. Where the skin is involved, there may be radiating rhagades (linear fissures) from the corner of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650339", "score": "0.90613633", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "for between 0.7 – 3.8% of oral mucosal lesions in adults and between 0.2 – 15.1% in children, though overall it occurs most commonly in adults in the third to sixth decades of life. It occurs worldwide, and both males and females are affected. Angular cheilitis is the most common presentation of fungal and bacterial infections of the lips. The term \"angular cheilitis\" is from Ancient greek, \"χείλος\" meaning lip and -itis meaning inflammation. Angular cheilitis Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650365", "score": "0.88628477", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Oral candidiasis", "text": "of \"C. albicans\". Sometimes dentures become very worn, or they have been constructed to allow insufficient lower facial height (occlusal vertical dimension), leading to over-closure of the mouth (an appearance sometimes described as \"collapse of the jaws\"). This causes deepening of the skin folds at the corners of the mouth (nasolabial crease), in effect creating intertriginous areas where another form of candidiasis, angular cheilitis, can develop. Candida species are capable of adhering to the surface of dentures, most of which are made from polymethylacrylate. They exploit micro-fissures and cracks in the surface of dentures to aid their retention. Dentures may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3544060", "score": "0.84385014", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "if they are left in contact. The corner of the mouth is normally exposed to saliva more than any other part of the lips. Reduced lower facial height (vertical dimension or facial support) is usually caused by edentulism (tooth loss), or wearing worn down, old dentures or ones which are not designed optimally. This results in overclosure of the mandible (collapse of the jaws), which extenuates the angular skin folds at the corners of the mouth, in effect creating an intertriginous skin crease. The tendency of saliva to pool in these areas is increased, constantly wetting the area, which may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650345", "score": "0.83742523", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "mouth is thinner than the skin, and easily damaged by mechanical, thermal (heat/cold), chemical, or electrical means, or by irradiation. Common causes of oral ulceration include rubbing on sharp edges of teeth, fillings, crowns, false teeth (dentures), or braces (orthodontic appliances). Accidental biting caused by a lack of awareness of painful stimuli in the mouth (e.g., following local anesthetic used during dental treatment, which the person becomes aware of as the anesthetic wears off). Eating hard foods (e.g., crisps) can damage the lining of the mouth. Some people cause damage inside their mouths themselves, either through an absentminded habit or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832199", "score": "0.8361788", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Leukoplakia", "text": "areas of epithelial atrophy. Conditions associated with mucosal atrophy include iron deficiency, some vitamin deficiencies, oral submucous fibrosis, syphilis and sideropenic dysphagia. Another very common cause of white patches in the mouth is frictional or irritational trauma leading to keratosis. Examples include nicotine stomatitis, which is keratosis in response to heat from tobacco smoking (rather than a response to the carcinogens in tobacco smoke). The risk of malignant transformation is similar to normal mucosa. Mechanical trauma, e.g. caused by a sharp edge on a denture, or a broken tooth, may cause white patches which appear very similar to leukoplakia. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3545814", "score": "0.8232715", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Morsicatio buccarum", "text": "erythema (redness) or ulceration. The surface is irregular, and people may occasionally have loose sections of mucosa that comes away. The cause is chronic parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, which produces frictional, crushing and incisive damage to the mucosal surface and over time the characteristic lesions develop. Most people are aware of a cheek chewing habit, although it may be performed subconsciously. Sometimes poorly constructed prosthetic teeth may be the cause if the original bite is altered. Usually the teeth are placed too far facially (i.e. buccally and/or labially), outside the \"neutral zone\", which is the term for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14522823", "score": "0.8202207", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity tend to be fragile and quickly break down to leave ulcers. Some of the viral infections mentioned above are also classified as vesiculobullous diseases. Other example vesiculobullous diseases include pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, and epidermolysis bullosa. Rarely, allergic reactions of the mouth and lips may manifest as erosions; however, such reactions usually do not produce frank ulceration. An example of one common allergen is Balsam of Peru. If individuals allergic to this substance have oral exposure they may experience stomatitis and cheilitis (inflammation, rash,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832214", "score": "0.8175445", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Anilingus", "text": "this poses an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work, and eating crunchy foods (such as potato chips) relatively soon before or after performing anilingus also increases the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches on the inside of the lips, cheeks, and palate. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting sexually transmitted infections that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Forced and mostly public anilingus was used as a form of humiliation and punishment, usually of prisoners. The use of the practice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13992435", "score": "0.81590253", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cracked tooth syndrome", "text": "Cracked tooth syndrome Cracked tooth syndrome (abbreviated to CTS, and also termed cracked cusp syndrome, split tooth syndrome, or incomplete fracture of posterior teeth), is where a tooth has incompletely cracked but no part of the tooth has yet broken off. Sometimes it is described as a greenstick fracture. The symptoms are very variable, making it a notoriously difficult condition to diagnose. Cracked tooth syndrome could be considered a type of dental trauma and also one of the possible causes of dental pain. One definition of cracked tooth syndrome is \"a fracture plane of unknown depth and direction passing through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13669112", "score": "0.8115866", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "can also be caused by tooth migration, wearing orthodontic appliances, and elastic tissue damage caused by ultraviolet light exposure and smoking. Habits or conditions that keep the corners of the mouth moist might include chronic lip licking, thumb sucking (or sucking on other objects such as pens, pipes, lollipops), dental cleaning (e.g. flossing), chewing gum, hypersalivation, drooling and mouth breathing. Some consider habitual lip licking or picking to be a form of nervous tic, and do not consider this to be true angular cheilitis, instead calling it \"perlèche\" (derived from the French word \"pourlècher\" meaning \"to lick one’s lips\"), or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650347", "score": "0.81151175", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Oral candidiasis", "text": "cases. Signs and symptoms include soreness, erythema (redness), and fissuring of one, or more commonly both the angles of the mouth, with edema (swelling) seen intraorally on the commissures (inside the corners of the mouth). Angular cheilitis generally occurs in elderly people and is associated with denture related stomatitis. This term refers to a mild inflammation and erythema of the mucosa beneath a denture, usually an upper denture in elderly edentulous individuals (with no natural teeth remaining). Some report that up to 65% of denture wearers have this condition to some degree. About 90% of cases are associated with \"Candida\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3544044", "score": "0.8084409", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "children. In the developing world, iron and vitamin deficiencies are a common cause. Angular cheilitis is a fairly non specific term which describes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in a particular anatomic site (i.e. the corner of the mouth). As there are different possible causes and contributing factors from one person to the next, the appearance of the lesion is somewhat variable. The lesions are more commonly symmetrically present on both sides of the mouth, but sometimes only one side may be affected. In some cases, the lesion may be confined to the mucosa of the lips, and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650338", "score": "0.8063561", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "Mouth ulcer A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. rubbing from a sharp edge on a broken filling) and aphthous stomatitis (\"canker sores\"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons. Mouth ulcers often cause pain and discomfort and may alter the person's choice of food while healing occurs (e.g.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832192", "score": "0.79998994", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dental emergency", "text": "tooth crack is defined as an incomplete fracture of enamel or dentine and therefore is not usually associated with noticeable mobility. The cause of a tooth crack can be by excessive force applied to a healthy tooth or physiologic forces applied to a weakened tooth. The teeth most commonly involved are usually the lower molars, followed by the upper premolars and molars. The condition is extremely common in the age range of 30–60 years. A diagnosis of a cracked tooth is extremely difficult. Careful history and assessment of the symptoms presented needs to be taken into account; radiographs and certain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7142215", "score": "0.7963505", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Oral mucosa", "text": "the linea alba forms, a white ridge of calloused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude. Histologically, an excess amount of keratin is noted on the surface of the tissue, and the tissue has all the layers of an orthokeratinized tissue with its granular and keratin layers. In patients who have habits such as clenching or grinding (bruxism) their teeth, a larger area of the buccal mucosa than just the linea alba becomes hyperkeratinized. This larger white, rough, raised lesion needs to be recorded so that changes may be made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6275520", "score": "0.7963283", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Oral hygiene", "text": "tooth surface has been cleaned, which is why regular brushing is encouraged. A high-sugar diet encourages the formation of plaque. Sugar (fermentable carbohydrates), is converted into acid by the plaque. The acid then causes the breakdown of the adjacent tooth, eventually leading to tooth decay. If plaque is left on a subgingival (under the gum) surface undisturbed, not only is there an increased risk of tooth decay, but it will also go on to irritate the gums and make them appear red and swollen. Some bleeding may be noticed during tooth brushing or flossing. These are the signs of inflammation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11354029", "score": "0.7922586", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Oral hygiene", "text": "cooked starches, e.g. crisps/potato chips, may also damage teeth, although to a lesser degree (and indirectly) since starch has to be converted to glucose by salivary amylase (an enzyme in the saliva) first. Sugars that are higher in the stickiness index, such as toffee, are likely to cause more damage to teeth than those that are lower in the stickiness index, such as certain forms of chocolate or most fruits. Sucrose (table sugar) is most commonly associated with cavities. The amount of sugar consumed at any one time is less important than how often food and drinks that contain sugar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11354043", "score": "0.7890997", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cracked tooth syndrome", "text": "is caused by the 2 fractured sections of the tooth moving independently of each other, triggering sudden movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules. This activates A-type nociceptors in the dentin-pulp complex, reported by the pulp-dentin complex as pain. Another theory is that the pain upon cold stimuli results from leak of noxious substances via the crack, irritating the pulp. The diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome is notoriously difficult even for experienced clinicians. The features are highly variable and may mimic sinusitis, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, ear pain, or atypical facial pain/atypical odontalgia (persistent idiopathic facial pain). When diagnosing cracked tooth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13669115", "score": "0.7878664", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "leads to a break in the normal architecture of the lining tissues. Repeat episodes of mouth ulcers can be indicative of an immunodeficiency, signaling low levels of immunoglobulin in the oral mucous membranes. Chemotherapy, HIV, and mononucleosis are all causes of immunodeficiency/immunosuppression with which oral ulcers may become a common manifestation. Autoimmunity is also a cause of oral ulceration. Mucous membrane pemphigoid, an autoimmune reaction to the epithelial basement membrane, causes desquamation/ulceration of the oral mucosa. Numerous aphthous ulcers could be indicative of an inflammatory autoimmune disease called Behçet's disease. This can later involve skin lesions and uveitis in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832221", "score": "0.7830135", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Oral hygiene", "text": "so reduce the pH in the mouth for an extended time, particularly if they are sugary. It is important that teeth be cleaned at least twice a day, preferably with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, to remove any food sticking to the teeth. Regular brushing and the use of dental floss also removes the dental plaque coating the tooth surface. Chewing gum assists oral irrigation between and around the teeth, cleaning and removing particles, but for teeth in poor condition it may damage or remove loose fillings as well. Dental chewing gums claim to improve dental health. Sugar-free chewing gum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11354046", "score": "0.78248054", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "a discussion of the epidemiology of aphthous stomatitis, see the epidemiology of aphthous stomatitis. Mouth ulcer A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. rubbing from a sharp edge on a broken filling) and aphthous stomatitis (\"canker sores\"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons. Mouth ulcers often cause pain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832228", "score": "0.7805176", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Cracked tooth syndrome", "text": "accepted treatment strategy, but, generally, treatments aim to prevent movement of the segments of the involved tooth so they do not move or flex independently during biting and grinding and so the crack is not propagated. The term \"cuspal fracture odontalgia\" was suggested in 1954 by Gibbs. Subsequently, the term \"cracked tooth syndrome\" was coined in 1964 by Cameron, who defined the condition as \"an incomplete fracture of a vital posterior tooth that involves the dentin and occasionally extends into the pulp.\" Cracked tooth syndrome Cracked tooth syndrome (abbreviated to CTS, and also termed cracked cusp syndrome, split tooth syndrome,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13669118", "score": "0.7794538", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Burning mouth syndrome", "text": "of allergic contact stomatitis. This is a contact sensitivity (type IV hypersensitivity reaction) in the oral tissues to common substances such as sodium lauryl sulfate, cinnamaldehyde or dental materials. However, allergic contact stomatitis is accompanied by visible lesions and gives positive response with patch testing. Acute (short term) exposure to the allergen (the substance triggering the allergic response) causes non-specific inflammation and possibly mucosal ulceration. Chronic (long term) exposure to the allergen may appear as chronic inflammatory, lichenoid (lesions resembling oral lichen planus), or plasma cell gingivitis, which may be accompanied by glossitis and cheilitis. Apart from BMS itself, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7832440", "score": "0.77847636", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Geriatric dentistry", "text": "or Parkinson’s disease Additionally, xerostomia can arise from general dehydration. A dry mouth can be associated with caries, cracked lips, fissured tongue and oral mucositis. It can impact heavily on the patient’s quality of life, affecting taste, speaking, enjoyment and ingestion of food, and fitting dentures. Changes to the oral mucous membrane including the epithelium and connective tissue, result in decreased immunity against pathogens. There is a loss of elasticity and stippling, with a general thinning over time. Diseases such as oral thrush can become more prevalent, and the healing rate lowers. Geriatric patients are more likely to develop oral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6034753", "score": "0.77782804", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Mouth ulcer", "text": "The minor and major subtypes of aphthous stomatitis usually produce lesions on the non-keratinized oral mucosa (i.e. the inside of the cheeks, lips, underneath the tongue and the floor of mouth), but less commonly major aphthous ulcers may occur in other parts of the mouth on keratinized mucosal surfaces. The least common type is herpetiform ulceration, so named because the condition resembles primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Herpetiform ulcers begin as small blisters (vesicles) which break down into 2-3mm sized ulcers. Herpetiform ulcers appear in \"crops\" sometimes hundreds in number, which can coalesce to form larger areas of ulceration. This subtype may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832208", "score": "0.7775444", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Stomatitis", "text": "(inside of the cheeks) or on the gingiva (gums). The condition resembles Oral lichen planus when biopsied. The diagnosis is made with Immunofluorescence techniques, which shows circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies (particulate stratified squamous-epithelium-specific antinuclear antibody) to DeltaNp63alpha protein, a normal component of the epithelium. Treatment is with hydroxychloroquine. Terms such as \"plasma cell gingivostomatitis\", \"atypical gingivostomatitis\" and \"idiopathic gingivostomatitis\" are sometimes a synonym for plasma cell gingivitis, or specifically to refer to a severe form of plasma cell gingivitis. Stomatitis Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth and lips. It refers to any inflammatory process affecting the mucous membranes of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5336414", "score": "0.7773667", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "the mouth. Infrequently, the dermatitis (which may resemble eczema) can extend from the corner of the mouth to the skin of the cheek or chin. If \"Staphylococcus aureus\" is involved, the lesion may show golden yellow crusts. In chronic angular cheilitis, there may be suppuration (pus formation), exfoliation (scaling) and formation of granulation tissue. Sometimes contributing factors can be readily seen, such as loss of lower face height from poorly made or worn dentures, which results in mandibular overclosure (\"collapse of jaws\"). If there is a nutritional deficiency underlying the condition, various other signs and symptoms such as glossitis (swollen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650340", "score": "0.775689", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Angular cheilitis", "long_answer": "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph. aureus. Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and minor trauma. Allergies may include substances like toothpaste, makeup, and food. Often a number of factors are involved. Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function. Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies.", "chunked_long_answer": "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph. aureus. Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and minor trauma. Allergies may include substances like toothpaste, makeup, and food. Often a number of factors are involved. Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function. Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies.", "short_answers": [ "allergies", "infection", "irritation" ] }

[ "Bartolomeu Dias" ]

[ { "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (\"Cape of Storms\"; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the \"Cape of Good Hope\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Exploration", "text": "the South African coast. Explorers of routes from Europe towards Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean, include Vasco da Gama (1460–1524), a navigator who made the first trip from Europe to India and back by the Cape of Good Hope, discovering the ocean route to the East; Pedro Alvares Cabral (c. 1467/68–c.1520) who, following the path of Gama, claimed Brazil and led the first expedition that linked Europe, Africa, America, and Asia; Diogo Dias, who discovered the eastern coast of Madagascar and rounded the corner of Africa; explorers such as Diogo Fernandes Pereira and Pedro Mascarenhas (1470–1555), among", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1720292", "score": "0.95272964", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "text": "his goal, the most probable conclusion is that he perished on the journey. In the 1450 Fra Mauro map, the Indian Ocean is depicted as connected to the Atlantic. Fra Mauro puts the following inscription by the southern tip of Africa, which he names the \"Cape of Diab\", describing the exploration by a ship from the East around 1420: \"Around 1420 a ship, or junk, from India crossed the Sea of India towards the Island of Men and the Island of Women, off Cape Diab, between the Green Islands and the shadows. It sailed for 40 days in a south-westerly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "547065", "score": "0.9359683", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Around the world sailing record", "text": "the rounding of Africa gives extra distance. This route is the more demanding one, as it faces the dominant winds and currents. There are fewer attempts and records. As of February 2010, no record has been homologated. In May 2006, Dee Caffari became the first woman to sail around the world alone non-stop and single-handed westward on the Monohull Aviva, in 178 days. The rules for intermediate records are set by the WSSRC. From the Atlantic Ocean: Equator => Cape Agulhas (South Africa) => Around Antarctica => Cape Horn => Equator from Cape Agulhas, South Africa (longitude 20°E) to Tasmania", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14314348", "score": "0.93155617", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Dinis Dias", "text": "Dinis Dias Dinis Dias was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer. In 1445, as Dias was beginning to enter old age and made the decision to take up exploring because \"he was unwilling to let himself grow soft in the well being of repose\", left Portugal and sailed down the West African coast, setting a new record by reaching a point about 800 kilometres south of Cap Blanc. This, the most westerly part of the African continent, he named Cap-Vert (Dias named it \"Cabo Verde\", \"verde\" being Portuguese for \"green\", a reference to the lush vegetation in the area). Note that Dias", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4801021", "score": "0.9286759", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Age of Discovery", "text": "II in moving the line west of Tordesillas in 1494—so his landing in Brazil may not have been an accident; although John's motivation may have simply been to increase the chance of claiming new lands in the Atlantic. From the east coast, the fleet then turned eastward to resume the journey to the southern tip of Africa and India. Cabral was the first captain to touch four continents, leading the first expedition that connected and united Europe, Africa, the New World, and Asia. At the invitation of King Manuel I of Portugal, Amerigo Vespucci—a Florentine who had been working for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3204275", "score": "0.927583", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Thomas Wyndham (navigator)", "text": "in the Sea returninge from Ginny.\" \"Ginny\", meaning \"Guinea\", was the name used for the western part of Africa now including Nigeria. The voyage to Guinea was backed by George Barnes of London. The planned voyage was noted by the Imperial ambassador Jean Scheyfve. In May 1553 Scheyfve thought Wyndham might employ a Portuguese pilot called Pinteado and sail in July. Thomas Wyndham's crew for this 1553 expedition included a future noteworthy explorer in his own right, Martin Frobisher. Wyndham and his crew were received in person by the Oba (king) of Benin City, who in turn traded with them.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14739083", "score": "0.92753565", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Prince Henry the Navigator", "text": "Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the desert coast of Africa. Superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world. In 1434, Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, became the first European known to pass Cape Bojador. Using the new ship type, the expeditions then pushed onwards. Nuno Tristão and Antão Gonçalves reached Cape Blanco in 1441. The Portuguese sighted the Bay of Arguin in 1443 and built an important fort there around the year 1448. Dinis Dias soon came across the Senegal River and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "182078", "score": "0.92650217", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "was unaware of the spherical shape of the Earth found this impossible to believe. Some commentators took this circumstance as proof that the voyage is historical, but other scholars still dismiss the report as unlikely. The West African coast may have been explored by Hanno the Navigator in an expedition in c. 500 BC. The report of this voyage survives in a short \"Periplus\" in Greek, which was first cited by Greek authors in the 3rd century BC. There is some uncertainty as to how far precisely Hanno reached, he clearly sailed as far as Sierra Leone, and may have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312700", "score": "0.92224115", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "Italian explorers, Alvise Cadamosto from Venice and Antoniotto Usodimare from Genoa, together with an unnamed Portuguese captain and working for Prince Henry, \"the Navigator\", of Portugal, followed the Gambia river, visiting the land of Senegal, while another Italian sailor from Genoa, Antonio de Noli, also on behalf of Prince Henry, explored the Bijagós islands, and, together with the Portuguese Diogo Gomes, the Cape Verde archipelago. Antonio de Noli, who became the first governor of Cape Verde (and the first European colonial governor in Sub-Saharan Africa), is also considered the discoverer of the First Islands of Cape Verde. Along the western", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312708", "score": "0.9220514", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Around the world sailing record", "text": "south point, (longitude : 146°49'E) Tasmania south point, (longitude : 146°49'E) to Cape Horn (longitude 67°16'W) From Cape Horn (longitude 67°16'W) to Cape Agulhas, South Africa (longitude 20°E) From the cape Horn, cutting the longitude 67°16'W, up to the Equator Around the world sailing record The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the \"Spray\" (1898). Most races or solo attempts start from Europe. Due to the configuration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14314349", "score": "0.9214839", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Museo Nao Victoria", "text": "of the fleet commanded by Ferdinand Magellan that discovered the waterway around southern tip of the South American continent. Later, commanded by Juan Sebastian Elcano, she was the only ship of the five to complete the first-time circumnavigation of the globe. Commanded by Duarte Barbosa, \"Nao Victoria\" participated in the Discovery of Chile, being the first to explore the region in 1520, and discovering or naming Patagonia, Cape Virgenes, the Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, the Pacific Ocean and other milestones. She is one of the most famous ships in history of navigation. \"James Caird\", was a lifeboat of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16192857", "score": "0.9211614", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Prince Henry the Navigator", "text": "be circumnavigated when he reached the southern tip of the continent, now known as the Cape of Good Hope. In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European sailor to reach India by sea. No one used the nickname \"Navigator\" to refer to prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries. The term was coined by two nineteenth-century German historians: Heinrich Schaefer and Gustave de Veer. Later on it was made popular by two British authors who included it in the titles of their biographies of the prince: Henry Major in 1868 and Raymond Beazley in 1895.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "182081", "score": "0.91535103", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Australia (continent)", "text": "Guinea, named after navigator Luís Vaz de Torres. Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, made the first documented European sight and landing on the continent of Australia, in Cape York Peninsula (1606). Abel Janszoon Tasman circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), New Zealand in 1642, and Fiji islands. He was the first known European explorer to reach these islands. On 23 April 1770 British explorer James Cook made his first recorded direct observation of indigenous Australians at Brush Island near Bawley Point. On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12774113", "score": "0.9134695", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Samuel Blommaert", "text": "of the East-India Company on January 30, 1616 about a vessel, named \"Mauritius de Nassau\", sailed from a Dutch port, under the command of Jan Remmetszoon, of Purmerend. The ship was ostensibly destined for Angola, but from there she was ordered to direct her course for \"Terra Australe, called Terra del Fuego.\" The plan, therefore, was, from the west coast of Africa to sail southward, until the supposed South-land should have been reached, and then \"to explore the whole of the coast of Terra Australi as far as the Straits of Magellanes, on the chance of finding an opening that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "813427", "score": "0.9118072", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "John Finlay Duff", "text": "Aldgate. The newlyweds joined the ship, anchored in The Downs off Deal, Kent, on the following day. Witness to the wedding was his friend and business partner John Hallett, who with his family were among the \"Africaine\" migrants. The ship, which had been chartered by Robert Gouger and John Brown with around 60 emigrants and a considerable cargo bound for South Australia on what has been dubbed the \"First Fleet of South Australia\", had an uneventful voyage and on 1 November 1836 were off the coast of Kangaroo Island, near Cape Borda. The \"Africaine\" left for the mainland on 6", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18813714", "score": "0.9114201", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Bartolomeu Dias", "text": "Dias was the captain of the square-rigged support ship with João de Santiago as pilot. The expedition sailed south along the west coast of Africa. More provisions were picked up on the way at the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge de Mina on the Gold Coast. After having sailed south of modern day Angola, Dias reached the Golfo da Conceicão (Walvis Bay, in modern Namibia) by December. Continuing south, he discovered first Angra dos Ilheus, being hit, then, by a violent storm. Thirteen days later, from the open ocean, he searched the coast again to the east, discovering and using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "563920", "score": "0.91125846", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "1504. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as \"the Navigator\", was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic route to the Indies. From his residence in the Algarve region of southern Portugal, he directed successive expeditions to circumnavigate Africa and reach India. In 1420, Henry sent an expedition to secure the uninhabited but strategic island of Madeira. In 1425, he tried to secure the Canary Islands as well, but these were already under firm Castilian control. In 1431, another Portuguese expedition reached and annexed the Azores. Naval charts of 1339 show that the Canary Islands were already known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312706", "score": "0.91026306", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Maritime history of Europe", "text": "navigated from Europe around Africa to Asia. It led to the discovery of Brazil and South America, and the first circumnavigation around the world, with the Portuguese nobleman Ferdinand Magellan, sailing around the world, across the entire Pacific Ocean for the first time. At the beginning of the 16th century, sea clashes in the Indian Ocean as the decisive battle of Diu, in 1509, marked a turning point in history: the shift from the Mediterranean and from the relatively isolated seas, disputed in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, to the oceans and to the European hegemony on a global", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6938345", "score": "0.9088678", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bloubergstrand", "text": "or Hadah, was the leader of the Goringhaikonas, who were the first people documented to live in Bloubergstrand. Hadah, whose original name was Autshumao, was taken to Java in 1629 by the captain of the ship \"London\" to be taught English. Because of his entrusted duties to deliver letters to the British seafaring community, he became the first postmaster in South Africa. In 1806, the first casualties of the Battle of Blaauwberg drowned when their boat was driven by the large surf into the rocky point at the end of Stadler road and it capsized. The invading British forces went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6602910", "score": "0.9025965", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "African Association", "text": "the African Association, who thought him a perfect fit for their enterprise. After setting sail from England on 30 June 1788 he arrived in August at Cairo. While preparing for his westward journey inland in search of the Niger, however, he fell ill and, trying to relieve his \"bilious complaint\", inadvertently poisoned himself with a fatal dose of sulphuric acid. While Ledyard was still traveling, the African Association had enlisted Simon Lucas to attempt a mission from the northern end of the continent, starting at Tripoli. He spoke fluent Arabic and, having spent time in Morocco, was already friendly with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9968806", "score": "0.90212995", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Henry Clifford de Meillon", "text": "was as a result of malaria contracted in Moçambique while serving as second master under Captain Owen aboard the HMS \"Leven\", together with the brig \"Barracouta\", 'an expedition for surveying the Eastern Coasts of Africa'. When the expedition returned in 1826, with some 300 new charts, detailing some 30,000 miles of coastline, over half the original crew had succumbed to tropical diseases. One of the first references to him was on 21 January 1824 when the \"South African Commercial Advertiser\" mentioned him as an 'able draughtsman' who had been commissioned to paint the portraits of Pedu and Teysho, two Bechuana", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16666421", "score": "0.9008667", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Eendracht (1615 ship)", "text": "and (briefly) landed on the western shores of the Cape York Peninsula. Luis Vas de Torres is reported to have mapped a portion of the west coast of Cape York in 1606 also with out knowing it was the great south land and ships logs suggests a landing where the natives were 'friendly' - opposed to many of the natives of New Guinea. Hartog and crew made landfall on the island, now known as Dirk Hartog Island which lies off Shark Bay in Western Australia. This was to be the first recorded landing on the western coastline by a European.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5497174", "score": "0.9008434", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "António de Saldanha", "text": "hitherto unknown Table Bay, and went ashore. Saldanha thus became the first European to set foot in what was to become modern Cape Town. Saldanha climbed the flat-topped mountain adjacent to the bay and identified the tip of the Cape (Cape Point) further to the south. He named the peak \"Table Mountain\" and (legend has it that he and his men) carved a cross in the rock of a nearby formation, traces of which can still be found on Lion's Head today. Saldanha replenished his water supplies at a local watering hole (he also got into a brief skirmish with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12336122", "score": "0.9006991", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "European maritime exploration of Australia", "text": "Australis\", which was published just before his death at the age of 40. European maritime exploration of Australia The maritime European exploration of Australia consisted of several waves of white European seafarers that sailed the edges of the Australian continent. Dutch navigators were the first Europeans known to have explored and mapped the Australian coastline. The first documented encounter was that of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, in 1606. Dutch seafarers also visited the west and north coasts of the continent, as did French explorers. The most famous expedition was that of Royal Navy Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook 164 years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "702805", "score": "0.9003787", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tarleton (1780 ship)", "text": "and Backhouse twice registered her at Liverpool: on 13 November 1786 (Liverpool; №154/86), and then on 16 October 1788 (Liverpool; №79/88). Between 1785 and 1788 \"Tarleton\" made three voyages as a slaver, foundering at the outset of the fourth. Captain Patrick Fairweather was an experienced captain of slave ships. He had made his first voyage to Calabar in 1755, probably as an apprentice on \"Dalrymple\" while still a teenager. His first command had been in 1768. First slaving voyage: Fairweather left Liverpool on 24 March 1784, bound for the Bight of Biafra and Gulf of Guinea islands to gather his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20035671", "score": "0.8995903", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "text": "story told by the natives, Eudoxus concluded that the ship was from Gades and had sailed anti-clockwise around Africa, passing the Cape and entering the Indian Ocean. This inspired him to repeat the voyage and attempt a circumnavigation of the continent. Organising the expedition on his own account he set sail from Gades and began to work down the African coast. The difficulties were too great, however, and he was obliged to return to Europe. After this failure he again set out to circumnavigate Africa. His eventual fate is unknown. Although some, such as Pliny, claimed that Eudoxus did achieve", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "547064", "score": "0.89826715", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ancient history", "text": "in earnest when men took to the sea in planked boats and ships propelled by sails hung on masts, like the Ancient Egyptian Khufu ship from the mid-3rd millennium BC. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Necho II sent out an expedition of Phoenicians, which in three years sailed from the Red Sea around Africa to the mouth of the Nile. Many current historians tend to believe Herodotus on this point, even though Herodotus himself was in disbelief that the Phoenicians had accomplished the act. Hannu was an ancient Egyptian explorer (around 2750 BC) and the first explorer of whom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "618548", "score": "0.8972077", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Bartolomeu Dias", "text": "II of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1486, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India. Dias was also charged with searching for the lands ruled by Prester John, a fabled Christian priest and ruler of a territory somewhere beyond Europe. He left 10 months later in August 1487. In the previous decades Portuguese mariners, most famously Prince Henry the Navigator (whose contribution was more as a patron and sponsor of voyages of discovery than as a sailor), had explored the areas of the Atlantic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "563918", "score": "0.8971337", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "John Hanning Speke", "text": "the wider world and were the first to record and map this section of Africa, the efforts and labors of Sidi Mubarak Bombay and Mabruki were instrumental in discovering the lake. Bombay was captured as a child near Lake Nyasa by slave traders and was sold to Indian merchants on the coast of Africa who took him to Sindh. Thus he spoke Hindustani and after his master's death he sailed back to Zanzibar where Speke and Burton met and hired him. Both spoke Hindustani, which greatly facilitated the travel in the interior as Bombay spoke several native languages beside Swahili.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "830930", "score": "0.8951619", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "long_answer": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (\"Cape of Storms\"; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the \"Cape of Good Hope\".", "chunked_long_answer": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (\"Cape of Storms\"; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the \"Cape of Good Hope\".", "short_answers": [ "Bartolomeu Dias" ] }

[ "Procol Harum", "British rock band Procol Harum" ]

[ { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum, released 12 May 1967. The single reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the Bilboard pop chart in the United States. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of fewer than 30 singles to have sold over 10 million copies worldwide.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was jointly recognised as \"The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977\" at the BRIT Awards, part of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, it appeared at number 57 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". British TV station Channel 4 placed the song at number 19 in its chart of \"The 100 Greatest No. 1 Singles\". In 2018, the song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in a new category for singles. The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402188", "score": "1.283155", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "in 2005, Jim Irvin of \"Mojo\" said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967, on the same day that the Beatles' \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" topped the national albums chart, marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain. According to music historian Harvey Kubernik, in the context of the Summer of Love, \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was the \"one song [that] stood above all others, its Everest-like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment\". Kubernik also writes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402185", "score": "1.2590532", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "out that there were no time limits to copyright claims under English law. The right to future royalties was therefore returned to Fisher. Both the musicological basis of the judgment and its effect on the rights of musicians who contribute composition to future works have drawn some attention in the music world. \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was covered by Annie Lennox for her 1995 album \"Medusa\". It was released as the second single in May 1995 and became a top-forty hit in Europe and Canada. A Whiter Shade of Pale \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" is the debut single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402194", "score": "1.2460768", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "by the song's co-authors Gary Brooker, Keith Reid and Matthew Fisher – \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" reached number 1 in several countries when released in 1967. In the years since, it has become an enduring classic. It was the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK (as of 2009), and the United Kingdom performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited in 2004 recognised it as the most-played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years. Also in 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" placed \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" 57th on its list of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402173", "score": "1.221477", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "at Advision. Cordell was concerned that the sound of \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" might prove problematic on the radio, due to the prominence of the drummer's cymbals. He therefore sent an acetate copy to Radio London, and his worries were assuaged when the disco jockey played the disc on-air and announced: \"That sounds like a massive hit.\" The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered \"Record Retailer\"s chart (later the UK Singles Chart) on 25 May. In two weeks it reached number 1, where it stayed for six weeks. Writing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402184", "score": "1.2119899", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "Burns and Lynn Novick's documentary series \"The Vietnam War\". Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films, for example, by King Curtis in \"Withnail and I\" and by Annie Lennox in \"The Net\". The original writing credits were for Brooker and Reid only. On 30 July 2009, Matthew Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords. Keith Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party. He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman, \"You've turned a whiter shade of pale\", and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402175", "score": "1.200684", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "Shade of Pale\" at Olympic Sound Studios in London, England. The recording was produced by Denny Cordell. Because they did not have a regular drummer, the drums were played by Bill Eyden, a session musician. The track was completed in two takes, with no subsequent overdubbing. A few days after the session, the band re-recorded the song with their newly recruited drummer, Bobby Harrison, at Advision Studios. This version was discarded, and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release as the band's debut single. The B-side was \"Lime Street Blues\", another Brooker–Reid song, which the band recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402183", "score": "1.194768", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Paramounts", "text": "hit, subsequent singles were in different styles, but none of them charted. They became backing musicians on European tours by Sandie Shaw and Chris Andrews and the Paramounts eventually disbanded in 1966. Brooker concentrated on writing music, collaborating with Keith Reid, and Matthew Fisher (organ), and they recorded \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\". Needing a band to tour and promote the record, Brooker convinced Trower and Wilson to rejoin them, and augmented this with David Knights (bass). By 1969 Knights and Fisher had left and Chris Copping rejoined. A friend of the musicians, Dave Mundy, disliked the name \"Paramounts\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12426361", "score": "1.1940634", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "that, amid the search for higher consciousness during the flower power era, the song \"galvanised a congregation of disaffected youth dismissive of traditional religion but anxious to achieve spiritual salvation\". In his 1981 article on the musical and societal developments of 1967, for \"The History of Rock\", sociomusicologist Simon Frith described \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" as the year's \"most distinctive single\", through its combination of \"white soul vocal and a Bach organ exercise\" and enigmatic lyrics that \"hinted at a vital secret open only to people in the right, drug-determined, state of mind\". In the United States, the single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402186", "score": "1.1874609", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Procol Harum", "text": "band is frequently misspelled; often with \"Procul\", \"Harem\", both, or other variations. At Olympic Studios, southwest London, with session drummer (and non-Paramount) Bill Eyden, producer Denny Cordell and sound engineer Keith Grant, the group recorded \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\", and it was released on 12 May 1967. With a structure reminiscent of Baroque music, a countermelody based on J. S. Bach's Orchestral Suite N° 3 in D Major played by Fisher's Hammond organ, Brooker's vocals and Reid's lyrics, the single reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and the Canadian RPM Magazine chart. It did almost as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1502929", "score": "1.171489", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "promotional clip for \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was shot in the ruins of Witley Court in Worcestershire, England. It features four of the five musicians who played on the hit single: Gary Brooker, Matthew Fisher, David Knights and Ray Royer, in performance and walking through the ruins. Only the drummer in the video isn't on the record: early band member Bobby Harrison is seen miming to session man Bill Eyden's drumming. The film was directed by Peter Clifton, whose insertion of Vietnam War newsreel footage caused it to be banned from airplay on the BBC's \"Top of the Pops\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402189", "score": "1.168956", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Matthew Fisher (musician)", "text": "1967 though he kept touring with Sutch for a brief while. While all the band had experience in other groups, Fisher was the only one with formal music training. He recalls that \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was originally four verses and ten minutes long, with solos improvised in between by Fisher and Booker. When it came to recording the song it was cut to two verses and it was decided that Fisher should do all the solos. Furthermore, he felt, after seeing the sheet music to \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\", that he deserved a co-composition credit for coming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6051906", "score": "1.1571542", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "\"The Miller's Tale\"). Thus, this piece can be considered an early example of progressive rock. The phrase \"a whiter shade of pale\" has since gained widespread use in the English language, noticed by several dictionaries. As such, the phrase is today often used in contexts independent of any consideration of the song. It has also been heavily paraphrased, in forms like \"an Xer shade of Y\", to the extent that it has been recognised as a snowclone – a type of cliché and phrasal template. The song is in moderate time in C major and is characterised by the bassline", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402179", "score": "1.14772", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "La Luna (Sarah Brightman album)", "text": "album. \"Scarborough Fair\" was released as the album's lead single in January 2000. It became the biggest hit of Brightman's career in Asia and was a chart topper in China and Taiwan, propelling the sales of \"La Luna\" throughout the continent. Brightman brought the song renewed popularity in eastern markets through her successful adaptation. \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was released as the album's third single on early 2001. The single debuted at number thirty eight on the Japanese Singles Chart, and due to its massive airplay in the country, the song reached the top of the International Singles Chart,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4956765", "score": "1.1426853", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Matthew Fisher (musician)", "text": "going platinum two times eventually - whilst \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" has enjoyed multi-platinum status. Fisher's Hammond organ playing on pianist David Lanz's instrumental version of \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" from his 1988 CD, \"Cristofori's Dream,\" helped that album go gold as well. The year before, Fisher produced (for Primitive Records)and performed on the 12\" single \"All Washed Up\" by Northampton Band 'Magnolia Siege' (singer Richard Jones or Rik Ramjet), playing honky-tonk piano on the B-side end of record reprise. Fisher co-wrote and performed on the soundtrack of the 1968 avant-garde film, \"Separation\", which was released on DVD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6051911", "score": "1.1377873", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Procol Harum", "text": "produced and wrote with the band. The band broke up in 1977, after seeing \"Something Magic\" stall at No. 147 in the US Billboard 200 chart. It reunited for a single performance five months later, when \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was named joint winner (along with Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\") of the Best British Pop Single 1952–1977 at the BRIT Awards, part of Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. The band reformed in 1991 with Brooker, Fisher, Trower and Reid (Wilson had died in 1990), and released \"The Prodigal Stranger\", but sales were modest. After the album's release, a new incarnation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1502936", "score": "1.1196176", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Medusa (Annie Lennox album)", "text": "Harum's \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\". Although no tour was held to promote this album, Lennox played a one-off concert in Central Park, New York City on 9 September 1995. This was subsequently released on videotape as \"Annie Lennox in the Park\" and on DVD as \"Annie Lennox Live in Central Park\". Medusa (Annie Lennox album) Medusa is the second solo album by the Scottish singer Annie Lennox, released in March 1995, and consists entirely of cover songs. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 and peaked in the United States at number 11, spending 60 weeks on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3888279", "score": "1.1142533", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Procol Harum", "text": "in the United States, reaching No. 5. In Australia, it was No. 1 for many weeks, setting a record of 8 weeks in Melbourne. After \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" became a hit, the band set out to consolidate its studio success by touring, with new official drummer Bobby Harrison added to the line-up; its live debut was opening for Jimi Hendrix in 1967. The group's follow-up single, \"Homburg\", with a line-up change of former Paramounts B. J. Wilson on drums and Robin Trower on guitar (replacing Harrison and Royer, respectively, who exited to form the band Freedom), reached No.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1502930", "score": "1.1097777", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Withnail and I", "text": "and find Presuming Ed in the bath. The song, which was written and sung by George Harrison, was able to be included in the soundtrack due to Harrison's involvement in the film, as one of the producers.<ref name=\"Pirnia/MentalFloss\"></ref> There is a misheld belief among some fans of the film that King Curtis was murdered on the night his live performance of \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was recorded. Ralph Brown, in the audio commentary on some DVD issues, wrongly states that he was shot in the car park after the concert. Curtis was stabbed to death in August 1971, some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2213858", "score": "1.0967908", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "White Lighter", "text": "White Lighter White Lighter is the third studio album by American indie rock band Typhoon. It was released in August 2013 and was their first studio album after the band signed with Roll Call Records. Typhoon front-man, Kyle Morton, wrote and composed all the songs on the album. As a child, Morton had a life threatening case of Lyme disease and suffered multiple organ failures. Ultimately he received a kidney transplant from his father, but he lost most of his childhood to the illness. The album is a mixture of darkness hopelessness along with wanting for more and uplifting melodies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20528739", "score": "1.0945797", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "text": "royalty rights were returned to Brooker. On 5 November 2008, Fisher was granted permission to appeal this decision to the House of Lords. Lawyers say it is the first time the Law Lords have been asked to rule on a copyright dispute involving a song. The appeal was heard in the House of Lords on 22–23 April 2009. On 30 July 2009 the Law Lords unanimously ruled in Fisher's favour. They noted that the delay in bringing the case had not caused any harm to the other party; on the contrary he had benefited financially from it. They also pointed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4402193", "score": "1.0854356", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Annie Lennox", "text": "highest ever solo peak), \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\", \"Waiting in Vain\" and \"Something So Right\". The album was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the Grammy Awards of 1996, losing to \"Turbulent Indigo\" by Joni Mitchell, however, Lennox won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the single \"No More I Love You's\". Although Lennox declined to tour for the album, she did perform a large scale one-off concert in New York's Central Park, which was filmed and later released on home video. Lennox provided an extensive solo vocal performance (without lyrics) for the soundtrack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1817650", "score": "1.0842361", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Procol Harum (album)", "text": "organist Charles-Marie Widor and German composer Johann Sebastian Bach. In 2005, Matthew Fisher filed suit in the Royal Courts of Justice against Gary Brooker and his publisher, claiming that Fisher co-wrote the music for \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\". On 30 July 2009, the House of Lords issued a final verdict on the case in Fisher's favour. A lower court had ruled in Fisher's favour in 2006, granting him co-writing credits and a share of the royalties. A higher court partly overturned the ruling in 2008, giving Fisher co-writing credit but no money. The Court of Appeal had previously held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4901671", "score": "1.077839", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Velour 100", "text": "Tooth & Nail debut \"Fall Sounds\". She also sang on Tooth & Nail's re-release of their debut cassette on CD, called \"Songs from the Rainwater EP\", after which point she left the group. The second album \"Of Color Bright\" used three new vocalists: Tess Wiley of Sixpence None the Richer, Sydney Rentz of Morella's Forest and Karin Oliver, also of His Name Is Alive. The band then went on hiatus. They self-released an EP in 1999 featuring Rosie Thomas and Trey Many on vocals. The band played a few more shows and short tours until their last appearance at The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9929342", "score": "1.0563222", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "White and Black Blues", "text": "\"Boum-Badaboum\" for Minouche Barelli in 1967, which had finished fifth. Composed by Georges Augier de Moussac with lyrics by Serge Gainsbourg, the song was originally titled \"Black Lolita Blues\", however Ursull, the first black woman to represent France at the Contest, declined to perform it due to the pejorative connotations of the word. The rewritten version met with her approval and has become something of a fan favourite. The song itself deals with the need to overcome the prejudices of skin colour. Ursull sings that \"When someone talks to me about skin colour/I have the blues which sends shivers down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8367599", "score": "1.0560889", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Elliott Yamin", "text": "August. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) in September 2008. A Premium Edition was released on October 8, 2008, containing additional bonus tracks: \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" and \"I'll Make You Dance\", plus Yamin's cover version of \"Home\", originally from Japanese singer Yusaku Kiyama, who recorded a Japanese version of the song \"Wait for You\" in return. Kiyama and Yamin performed together during Yamin's October visit to promote the release of the \"Wait for You\" Premium Edition. Yamin was named one of the Best 3 New Artists (International) by the 23rd Annual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7164042", "score": "1.0547751", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Diamond White (singer)", "text": "musical in 2010. She auditioned for \"The X Factor\" in San Francisco, California with \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\" by James Brown. At the Bootcamp Part 1, White sang \"I Have Nothing\" by Whitney Houston, from the movie \"The Bodyguard.\" At Part 2, she was against Dinah Jane and they sang \"Stronger.\" In the judges' home round, White sang Avril Lavigne's \"I'm With You.\" Her mentor, Britney Spears, chose her to compete in the live shows. White performed \"Hey, Soul Sister\" during the first live show on October 31, 2012. On November 1, 2012, during the first live results", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16932553", "score": "1.0528151", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Sammy Hagar", "text": "\"Through the Fire\". The tracks which appeared on the album were recorded live, but crowd noise was removed during the mixing process to create the feel of a studio album. As intended from its start, HSAS was a short-lived project. One song in particular, a cover of \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\", received some airplay, peaking at #94 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles chart, while \"Top of the Rock\" became an under-the-radar airplay favorite in markets such as Seattle, Washington. In 1985, after parting ways with vocalist David Lee Roth, the remaining members of the band Van Halen contacted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2927942", "score": "1.0482845", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Main Rang Sharbaton Ka", "text": "Times of India\"'s Bryan Durham found the version 'pale' compare to the original. Joginder Tuteja of Rediff.com found the sole male version of the song by Singh, equally 'good'. Sankhayan Ghosh of \"The Indian Express\" commented: \"Here, Arijit definitely betters it making it a much more pleasant listen than Aslam's labored vocals. Main Rang Sharbaton Ka \"Main Rang Sharbaton Ka\" (English: I’m colour of the squash) is a romantic Hindi song from the 2013 Bollywood film, \"Phata Poster Nikhla Hero\". Composed by Pritam Chakraborty, the song is sung by Atif Aslam and Chinmayi, with lyrics penned by Irshad Kamil. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18461926", "score": "1.0479255", "original_retrieval_index": 52 } ]

{ "title": "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "long_answer": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum, released 12 May 1967. The single reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the Bilboard pop chart in the United States. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of fewer than 30 singles to have sold over 10 million copies worldwide.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum, released 12 May 1967. The single reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the Bilboard pop chart in the United States. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of fewer than 30 singles to have sold over 10 million copies worldwide.", "short_answers": [ "British rock band Procol Harum", "Procol Harum" ] }

[ "birch" ]

[ { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "lake bed. The location is in a high terrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil (clay) formation. The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away. In the Kashmiri language 'Burzahom' means \"birch\", a tree species (that generally grows in the elevation range of 3,000 to 4,200 metres (9,800 to 13,800 ft) in the Himalayas), which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material, and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "Menhirs, boulders formed due the varying temperatures, were brought down from the hills with great effort by the people and installed to mark notable events of the community. These are rough in shape, huge and of considerable weight and height, and are \"free-standing\". Craftsmanship was superior during this period with finds of wheel made durable hard red ware, copper objects, and tools made of bone and stone. Structures made of rubble were also found. Finds of a few copper arrowheads indicated knowledge of metallurgy. Period IV (dated to the 3rd–4th century AD), the last phase of human occupation at Burzahom,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682761", "score": "1.1819699", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "made of bones (of antlers used for making tools) and stones (harpoons, needles with or without eyes, awls). Carbon dating established that the Neolithic culture of this site was traceable to the 3rd millennium BC, the earliest occupation at the site was dated to before 2,357 BC. The pottery found at the site were in an early stage of hand crafting, of the coarse variety, in steel-grey, dull red, brown, and buff colours with mat prints at the bottom; they were in the shape of bowl, vase and stem. The antiquities did not reveal any signs of burials sites. Late", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682755", "score": "1.1521077", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "of the Indus Valley Civilization. Burzahom's ceramic industry was mostly of hunting based culture and is different from the Chinese Neolithic pottery. The economy of the people was found to be based on hunting and gathering with a nascent stage of cultivation practices. Pottery made in Burzahom showed close affinity to those found in the Swat valley in Pakistan, particularly in respect of its shapes and decorations of the black ware pottery. The burial practices and type of tools recovered from the site were inferred as having close resemblance to those found in the North Chinese Neolithic culture. The remarkable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682753", "score": "1.1293206", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "Both human and animal skeletons were found in deep oval shaped pits, located either below the floors of the dwelling units or in its precincts. These pits were filled with ash, stones and potsherds. Some of the human skulls found here had trepanning (bored hole) marks. In many pits, bones of dogs and antlered deer were found along with human skeletons. The skeletons of humans were found in the burial pits in a sitting position along with bones of animals. Pottery finds showed better finish compared to the earlier Period I. The pots were of polished black ware, mostly handmade,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682757", "score": "1.1281818", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "in globular shape jar with a long neck and flaring mouth. An interesting find of this period is of two standalone finished flat stone slabs. The carving on one is not distinct. The other stone slab is which depicts, on one polished side, sketches of hunting scenes such as a hunter spearing (with a \"Ker\") an antlered deer and another hunter in the process of releasing an arrow, and a sketch of the movement of the Sun, at two levels. The carved figures are distinctly visible. Agricultural practices were noted during the Periods I and II and crops grown were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682759", "score": "1.1197616", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "by the art, architecture, customs, rituals and language demonstrated by some engravings on pottery and other artifacts. Some historians have stated that the Vedic Aryan culture extended into Kashmir, but archaeological investigation at Burzahom does not support the theory. The Burzahom site is a prehistoric settlement in the village of the same name in the Srinagar District. It is to the northeast of Srinagar on the Naseem-Shalimar road. The elevation of the site is above sea-level. It is the northernmost excavated Neolithic site of India. The site is on an ancient Pleistocene lake bed. The location is in a high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682747", "score": "1.1147435", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "in the form of a dish with stand, a high-necked jar, and so forth. Also found was a wheel turned red ware pot which contained 950 beads made from carnelian and agate (inferred as items for sale), which was thought to belong to the later part of this period. A very impressive painted pottery ware recovered from this period was a globular red ware pot made on a turntable; the painting on the pot was of a wild goat of black colour with long horns and hanging ears. Another pottery item which is of interest is a polished black ware", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682758", "score": "1.1127316", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "ancient flora and fauna. The Burzahom site revealed the transition from the subterranean and ground level housing features of the Neolithic people to the mudbrick structures of the Megalithic people. The large cache of tools and implements made of bone and stone found at the site shows that the inhabitants were hunting and farming. The unearthed Antiquities (of art, architecture, customs and rituals) indicate that the prehistoric people of the Burzahom established contact with Central Asia and South West Asia and also had links to the Gangetic plains and peninsular India. The interaction of local and foreign influences is demonstrated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682746", "score": "1.1062586", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "was related to the early Historical Period. The structures built were superior compared to the earlier period, and were made from mud-bricks. Pottery was also superior, of red ware type with slips and wheel turned. Some iron antiquaries were also found. The site is maintained in the form that has been excavated, representing the natural setting of the Neolithic people. The exposed pits and the layout are well protected. Burzahom archaeological site The Burzahom archaeological site is located in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Archaeological excavations have revealed four phases of cultural significance between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682762", "score": "1.1012398", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "buffer zones, are under the jurisdiction of the Archaeological Survey of India and the State Department of Archaeology conforming to the Ancient Monuments and Sites Remains Act 1958 (Amended in 2010). This site was nominated on 15 April 2014 for inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is yet to be approved. The excavation at Burzahom was carried out in both vertical (depth wise) and horizontal directions; the depth provided the stratification features while the phasing of each stratification was provided by the horizontal excavations. Four periods of continuous occupational sequence at the site were documented over a period", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682751", "score": "1.0930771", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "Burzahom archaeological site The Burzahom archaeological site is located in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Archaeological excavations have revealed four phases of cultural significance between 3000 BC and 1000 BC. Periods I and II represent the Neolithic era; Period IlI the Megalithic era (of massive stone menhirs and wheel turned red pottery); and Period IV relates to the early Historical Period (Post-megalithic period). The findings, recorded in stratified cultural deposits representing prehistoric human activity in Kashmir, are based on detailed investigations that cover all aspects of the physical evidence of the site, including the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682745", "score": "1.071184", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "of 11 years of investigations from 1960 to 1971. These are: Periods I and II of the Neolithic (Period I is called aceramic and Period II is called ceramic) origin, particularly characterized by dwelling pits (the largest measuring at the top to at the base at a depth of ); Period III of the Megalithic sequence noted by the free standing large stone Menhirs installed at the site by shifting boulders manually from the hills; and Period IV of the early Modern Period. The skeletal remains of the Neolithic humans found at Burzahom are similar to those found in Harappa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682752", "score": "1.0710032", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "Kot-Diji type pots were found belonging to Period Ib. In the Period II, the finds excavated revealed that people had moved out from pit dwelling to structures built at the ground level. However, the pits and its associated chambers formed the base floor of the superstructure, which was made up by filling the pits and covering it with mud plaster, and occasionally painted in red ochre. Post-holes around the pits revealed that the superstructures were made of wood built over compacted Karewa soil floors. This period also brought out, for the first time, the burial customs of the Neolithic people.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682756", "score": "1.0618927", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "in view of its distinctive structural features with profusion of tools made of bones and stones and tools representing the ritualistic practices. Gufkral represents another related site in the area, near the town of Tral. Also, Hariparigam, and Awantipura, in the same area, are related. Skeletal remains of Neolithic people found at Burzahom are similar to those found in Harappa of the Indus Valley Civilization. Some historians have stated that the Vedic Aryan culture extended into Kashmir, but archaeological investigation at Burzahom does not support the \"Aryans in Kashmir\" theory The management and protection of the Burzahom site, including the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682750", "score": "1.0539225", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "by Helmut de Terra and Dr. Thomson Paterson. The Frontier Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India made detailed investigations of the site between 1960 and 1971; these were carried out by T.N. Khazanchi and his associates. The extensive excavations done at this site, unearthing stratified cultural deposits, were the first of their type in Kashmir. In 1944, Mortimer Wheeler, Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India had conducted the first stratified archaeological excavations on the lines of geological model at other sites. Based on a similar model the Burzahom site has been named as the Northern Neolithic Culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682749", "score": "1.0108155", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Research and Development Institute of Ecology and the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources", "text": "Tyumen. He called it «\"burlyanka\"». A house from such material can be built in 2–5 days, its thermal insulation is provided by the soil layer 1,5 m thick and by grass and snow. The project of burlyanka was awarded by the golden medal in the nomination «The best exposition» on the exhibition «The landscape design and architecture held» in Tyumen, on May 15–19, 2013. It is the codevelopment with the American researchers, it was presented for the first time within the exhibition «NeftGasTEK-2011» in Tyumen. It is able to pump 115 cubic meters of viscous liquid fluid per hour from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17481862", "score": "0.9645335", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "text": "inferred as wheat, barley and lentil; finding lentils established a link of the Neolithic people with Central Asia, crossing over the Himalayas. The people who resided here were characterized as \"long headed dolichocranic\". Two female skulls, different from the male skulls, were also reported. The finds did not indicate of any external ethnic intrusions during the entire Neolithic period but showed more affinity to the Harappan people. Burzahom represents the southernmost extent of what is known as \"Northern Neolithic\" culture of Asia. Some Megalithic Period Menhirs are next to Neolithic pits, suggesting a gradual transition between the two phases. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18682760", "score": "0.95961195", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Burdei", "text": "and the overall preparation of the wood. Building the actual house required 2.2 cubic meters of wood (ash, oak, and beech). In itself, the superstructure swallowed two cubic meters of wood. Three to four cubic meters of clay were necessary for daubing the walls and reeds harvested from some 1,000 square meters, for the covering of the superstructure. Assuming sixty to seventy working hours per week and a lot more experience and skills for the early medieval builders, the house may have been built in three to four weeks.59 -Florin Curta. In countries like Romania, the burdei was built to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9733359", "score": "0.9530924", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Building material", "text": "is one of the oldest of building materials known, Thatch is another word for grass; grass is a good insulator and easily harvested. Many African tribes have lived in homes made completely of grasses and sand year-round. In Europe, thatch roofs on homes were once prevalent but the material fell out of favor as industrialization and improved transport increased the availability of other materials. Today, though, the practice is undergoing a revival. In the Netherlands, for instance, many new buildings have thatched roofs with special ridge tiles on top. Wood has been used as a building material for thousands of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2636216", "score": "0.94136286", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians", "text": "two rooms; a central chimney; a gable, hipped-gable or hipped roof; and plastered and limewashed exteriors. Materials used were those that could be procured locally, including wood (usually oak), mud, straw, fieldstone, lime, and animal dung. Roofs in densely wooded and hilly areas are typically clad in wooden shakes or shingles, while flatter and more open areas have traditionally used rye straw. In the late 19th century two types of construction predominated, horizontal log construction, and frame and fill construction. Log walls were common in areas where wood was available. In places with very poor timber or with an extreme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12128641", "score": "0.93562925", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Asphalt roll roofing", "text": "Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS). These modifiers create a uniform matrix that enhances the physical properties of the asphalt. -Built Up Roofing (BUR): Built-Up Roofing (BUR) consists of multiple layers of bitumen alternated with ply sheets (felts) applied over the roof deck, vapor retarder, and (most often) insulation. BUR roofing systems are particularly advantageous for flat or low-sloped applications. The heart of the system is the membrane which includes the layers of bitumen, which is applied hot, and the reinforcing plies of roofing felt. With today’s technological advances in asphalt science, cold bitumen adhesives can be used in lieu of hot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13488163", "score": "0.9055376", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Burzyn, Podlaskie Voivodeship", "text": "a secret partisan network involving Biebrza villages from Rutkowskie in the south to Radzilow in the north. The task of the group was to accumulate arms for an anti-Soviet uprising and to carry out death sentences on collaborators. Probably as a result of betrayal, on the morning of June 23, 1940, the Soviet Army and the NKVD surrounded the conspiracy's headquarters. Nine guerrillas were killed and seven were captured. One of the consequences of breaking up the network were mass arrests. Waves of arrests, expulsions and prison executions continued until June 20–21, 1941 when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12285417", "score": "0.9024613", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Tirzah (ancient city)", "text": "date to the PPNB period. During the Early Bronze Age, Tell el-Far'ah had ramparts and domestic housing units. The earliest pottery oven of its kind was excavated here; it had two chambers that allowed separation between the vessels being fired and the open flame. This type of pottery oven continued to be used in the region until the Roman period. A temple and an olive press were also uncovered. Town planning is clearly evident at the site. The western gate in the town wall was rebuilt several times during this period. The excavations indicate developing urbanization and the presence of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15172405", "score": "0.9009153", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Housing in Scotland", "text": "two or three years. In some regions, including the south-west and around Dundee, solid clay walls were used, or combinations of clay, turf and stray, rendered with clay or lime to make them weatherproof. With a lack of long span structural timber, the most common building material was stone, employed in both mortared and dry stone construction. Different regions used broom, heather, straw, turfs or reeds for roofing. Central to most houses was the hearth. The simplest were in the centre of the floor, with smoke exiting through a hole in the roof and this form tended to be used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17301123", "score": "0.89514333", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Burdei", "text": "Burdei A burdei or bordei (, ) is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin. This style is native to the Carpathian Mountains and forest steppes of eastern Europe. In the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture burdei houses were characterized by elliptical shapes. These houses would typically have a wooden floor that was about 1.5 meters (5 feet) below ground, which would place the roof at just above ground level. The term used by western historians, for burdei-type housing on the Lower Danube and in the Carpathians during the 6th–7th centuries AD, is \"Grubenhaus\". \"Poluzemlianki\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9733362", "score": "0.89502084", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Bronze- and Iron-Age Poland", "text": "to low-lying areas and until late in this period lacked fortifications or other defensive measures; during these more peaceful times protection was not as essential as in the centuries to follow. The houses were made of beams insulated by clay or moss, supported by poles, with slanting roofs covered by straw or reed. Inside there were hearths, stools, beds, places for economic activity such as metallurgical production shops, vertical looms and hand-operated mills. Some livestock were also kept inside, and some were culled before winter because of insufficient ability to store feed. The materials used were still wood, horn and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11099328", "score": "0.8903958", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Asphalt roll roofing", "text": "asphalt. BUR roofing systems have had a long-standing popularity, due in large part to the success and proven reliability of BUR. The stock of 20, 30 and 40-year-old BUR roofs still in excellent condition attests to this fact. http://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Roofing_felt Asphalt roll roofing Asphalt roll roofing or membrane is a roofing material commonly used for buildings that feature a low sloped roof pitch in North America. The material is based on the same materials used in asphalt shingles; an organic felt or fiberglass mat, saturated with asphalt, and faced with granular stone aggregate. Roll roofing is usually restricted to a lightweight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13488164", "score": "0.8903173", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Buzeyir cave", "text": "were studied and studied. During the archaeological excavations of the Paleolithic archaeological expedition in 1985, 1990 and 2007, six layers of archaeological excavations were recorded in Buzeyr's multi-layer camp. The first layer consists of the black earth layer. Medieval clay dishes were found. The layer thickness was 5-7 cm. The second layer consists of a layer of yellow glycine. During the archaeological excavations carried out on the second layer, numerous clay dishes were found. The thickness of the second layer is 40-45 cm. The third layer consists of a layer of grayish-yellow clay. Remains of animal hunting bones were found", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16944516", "score": "0.88972795", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Cob (material)", "text": "wall. Some of the oldest man-made structures in Afghanistan are composed of rammed earth and cob. Cobwork (\"tabya\") was used in the Maghreb and al-Andalus in the 11th and 12th centuries, and was described in detail by Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century. Cob material is known by many names including \"adobe\", \"lump clay\", \"puddled clay\", \"chalk mud\", \"wichert\", \"clay daubins\", \"swish\" (Asante Twi), \"torchis\" (French), \"bauge\" (French), \"bousille\" (French mud with moss), and \"cat and clay\". Cob structures can be found in a variety of climates across the globe. European examples include: Many old cob buildings can be found", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2492693", "score": "0.88961047", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Burzahom archaeological site", "long_answer": "The Burzahom site is a prehistoric settlement in the village of the same name in the Srinagar District. It is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to the northeast of Srinagar on the Naseem-Shalimar road. The elevation of the site is 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) above sea-level. It is the northernmost excavated Neolithic site of India. The site is on an ancient Pleistocene lake bed. The location is in a high terrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil (clay) formation. The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away. In the Kashmiri language 'Burzahom' means \"birch\", a tree species (that generally grows in the elevation range of 3,000 to 4,200 metres (9,800 to 13,800 ft) in the Himalayas), which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material, and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times.", "chunked_long_answer": "lake bed. The location is in a high terrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil (clay) formation. The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away. In the Kashmiri language 'Burzahom' means \"birch\", a tree species (that generally grows in the elevation range of 3,000 to 4,200 metres (9,800 to 13,800 ft) in the Himalayas), which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material, and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times.", "short_answers": [ "birch" ] }

[ "September 27, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)", "text": "The nineteenth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit premiered on September 27, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "have remembered.\" In September, Leight said in an interview with \"TV Guide\" that this season's theme would revolve around \"everybody having secrets\". On September 17, 2012, both Mariska Hargitay and Danny Pino tweeted that filming on \"SVU\" episode 300 started. Mariska tweeted \"Can't believe we started filming our 300 episode today! #svu\" and Pino tweeted with, \"Congrats on 300 SVU's. Proud 2 contribute 28 to the tally. #quality&quantity\". Production on season 14 of \"Law & Order: SVU\" (along with other New York City based TV series) was halted by NBC starting October 29, 2012 in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203068", "score": "1.1138757", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "and heat. I need to take this MF home!\" Leight posted a tweet quoting Invictus earlier in the day, \"#SVU cast and crew somehow resumed shooting this morning. We are muddied but unbowed.\" At the production blog on the official website, they note the storm hit while episodes \"Lessons Learned\", and \"Dream Deferred\" were being shot; they couldn't get back into the studio or production office for weeks due to flooding. On December 6, 2012, NBC ordered an additional two episodes for this season, bringing the total to 24. The season finale aired on May 22, 2013. Dean Winters, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203071", "score": "1.1085584", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11) The eleventh season of \"\" premiered on September 23, 2009 and concluded on May 19, 2010. It was moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays at 9 pm/8c ET for the NBC broadcast. On March 3, 2010, \"SVU\" returned to its previous time slot of 10pm/9c ET. On January 22, 2010, in the wake of the conflict between Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien, NBC announced that they would order two additional episodes to fill in the gaps of the departing \"The Jay Leno Show\". NBC ordered production on Season 11 in April 2009. Mick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13476253", "score": "1.0990062", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "brings empathy to his cases while dealing with a stressful home life, while Rollins' dogged persistence and instincts help her close cases, but her secrets could derail her career. In the current seasons, the Manhattan SVU is now run by Lieutenant Olivia Benson. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" has started its twentieth season. Each season has aired on NBC and consists of 19 to 25 episodes, each lasting approximately forty minutes (sixty minutes including commercials). \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" premiered on Monday, September 20, 1999. After nine episodes, the show was moved to Friday nights, where it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614730", "score": "1.0769349", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)", "text": "been a big fan of her films. But my immediate question was 'Do I live?'\" <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11) The eleventh season of \"\" premiered on September 23, 2009 and concluded on May 19, 2010. It was moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays at 9 pm/8c ET for the NBC broadcast. On March 3, 2010, \"SVU\" returned to its previous time slot of 10pm/9c ET. On January 22, 2010, in the wake of the conflict between Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien, NBC announced that they would order two additional episodes to fill in the gaps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13476269", "score": "1.0740435", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "spinoff, \"\", until it was pulled from the network in January 2011 to be retooled. \"SVU\" moved back to 10:00 p.m. on January 12, 2011, until the end of the 13th season. With season 14, \"SVU\" moved back to 9:00 p.m. after a two-hour season premiere event on September 26, 2012. Beginning with Season 20, SVU will air on Thursday nights at 10 PM, after NBC decided to devote their entire Wednesday primetime lineup to the Chicago Med, PD, and Fire trilogy. This will mark the first time ever that Law & Order SVU has held this timeslot on Thursday", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614701", "score": "1.0679072", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)", "text": "after Eid left SVU to be showrunner for the fifth season of \"Chicago P.D.\" Production on the season started on July 20, 2017. On January 9, 2018, NBC ordered an extra two episodes for Season 19, as confirmed in a tweet by Robert Brooks Cohen, rounding the episode count to 24. Chernuchin told \"The Hollywood Reporter\" that this season of \"SVU\" would involve more ripped-from-the-headlines plots focusing on current events such as the Charlottesville riots. \"Conflict. It's just the state of the world today with everybody,\" he said. \"Everybody's political now and everything is political now, and we want to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20154798", "score": "1.0644963", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)", "text": "399th episode. The 400th episode that was aired was the eleventh episode of the season, \"Great Expectations,\" which aired on NBC on February 15, 2017, (after being moved from its initial air date of November 9, 2016, and a second air date of January 4, 2017). At the end of production of the season, during upfronts \"SVU\" was renewed for a nineteenth season. Following the renewal announcement, it was revealed that show runner/executive producer Rick Eid had departed the show. He took over \"Chicago P.D.\" as showrunner/EP starting with its fifth season, replacing \"C.P.D.\" co-creator/EP Matt Olmstead. Michael Chernuchin, former", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19306126", "score": "1.0631645", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "its cancellation in May 2010. The show originally aired on Monday nights at 9:00 p.m. ET for the first nine episodes, from September 20 through November 29, 1999. It was then shifted to Friday nights at 10 p.m. ET on January 7, 2000, and remained in that time slot through the end of season four on May 16, 2003. Beginning with the season five premiere on September 23, 2003, \"SVU\" moved to Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ET. NBC airs repeats on Saturday nights at varying times and previous episodes are shown on the USA Network on varying days in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614699", "score": "1.0628252", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "marathon blocks. With the season eleven premiere on September 23, 2009, the series vacated its Tuesday 10 p.m. ET slot because NBC began a prime-time weeknight Jay Leno series. The new time slot became Wednesday nights at 9:00 p.m. ET on NBC, with CTV still airing \"SVU\" on Tuesdays at 10:00 in Canada. After the 2010 Winter Olympics on March 3, 2010, the time slot for \"SVU\" changed again to Wednesdays at 10 p.m. ET, where it stayed until the twelfth season. In the 12th season, \"SVU\" moved back to 9:00 p.m. to lead in the newest \"Law & Order\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614700", "score": "1.0615002", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "Show runner/executive producer Warren Leight tweeted on October 30, \"SVU cast and crew seem to be safe. Our stages, and many of us, in the dark. Our thoughts and prayers to all suffering in Sandy's wake\". Ice-T tweeted on November 1, 2012, \"SANDY Update: SVU production shut down all week. No power on set.\" \"Law & Order: SVU's\" home studio on Chelsea Piers had water damage and a loss of electrical power; according to a note on the complex's website, \"The city has not issued any location permits this week, so probably the earliest we'll be able to shoot is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203069", "score": "1.0603732", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "simultaneously, two episodes after the original airing in the US. In Venezuela, the cable network \"Fox Life\" airs Law & Order: SVU starting from season 1 every Monday to Friday at 9:05pm. \"Law & Order: SVU\" is broadcast at 9.30 pm on Tuesdays on TV3 in New Zealand. Series 18 premiered on 11 April 2017. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often abbreviated to Law & Order: SVU or just SVU) is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614738", "score": "1.057842", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Law & Order (franchise)", "text": "York County District Attorney, at the Manhattan DA's office. The first thirty minutes of an episode typically features a lead detective trio (in the final season, Jeremy Sisto, Anthony Anderson, and S. Epatha Merkerson), while the second thirty minutes follows their legal counterparts (in the final season, Alana de la Garza, Linus Roache, and Sam Waterston). On May 14, 2010, NBC announced that it was canceling the original series, although various spin-offs will continue. The series finale aired on May 24, 2010. Wolf briefly attempted to continue the series on cable, but the series \"moved into the history books\". \"SVU\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5314479", "score": "1.0504278", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12) The twelfth season of \"\" premiered in the United States on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on September 22, 2010, and concluded on May 18, 2011. This was the first season that the show did not air alongside the original \"Law & Order\". Episodes initially aired on Wednesdays between 9pm/8c and 10pm/9c Eastern except for the season premiere which aired from 9pm/8c to 11pm/10c. After the winter hiatus, \"SVU\" returned with another two-hour showing on January 5, 2011, before the broadcast time switched to the 10pm/9c time slot the following week. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14535247", "score": "1.0499485", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "to $500,000 per episode. Based out of the New York City Police Department's 16th precinct in Manhattan, \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" delves into the dark side of the New York underworld as the detectives of a new elite force, the Special Victims Unit (SVU for short), investigate and prosecute various sexually-oriented crimes including rape, pedophilia, and domestic violence. They also investigate the abuses of children, the disabled and elderly victims of non-sexual crimes who require specialist handling. All the while trying to balance the effects of the investigation on their own lives. Its stories also touch on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1614723", "score": "1.0492002", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16)", "text": "in the same episode as Don Cragen. Cragen, previously a main character, who served as Captain of SVU from 1999 until the fifteenth season, assists Benson in re-opening the case and gathering evidence. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16) The sixteenth season of \"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 24, 2014, at 9pm/8c (Eastern), and concluded on Wednesday, May 20, 2015, on NBC. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a sixteenth season on May 7, 2014, by NBC. and premiered on September 24, 2014. Production on the season commenced on May 22, with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18030347", "score": "1.0449796", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\" debuted on NBC on September 21, 2011, and concluded on May 23, 2012. With \"\" and \"\" having ended in July 2011 and June 2011 respectively, this season of \"Law & Order: SVU\" was the first to be broadcast without any other running U.S. \"Law & Order\" series, a position the series has held until the nineteenth season, when \"Law & Order True Crime\" premiered. Season 13 dealt with the departure of Detective Elliot Stabler (Christopher Meloni) from the Special Victims Unit after . Additionally, Warren Leight,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15610183", "score": "1.0445678", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 10)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 10) The tenth season of the police procedural/legal drama, \"\" premiered September 23, 2008, and ended June 2, 2009, on NBC. It was the last season of the show to occupy the Tuesday 10pm/9c timeslot. The tenth season introduced writer Daniel Truly to \"SVU\". He became a vocal correspondent about the production and was the first to comment on the appropriateness of Ice T's casting in the show given the alleged misogyny in his music. Truly was used to programs that included frequent meetings with other writers and said \"In some ways it's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12513223", "score": "1.0394943", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)", "text": "a teen (Sterling Beaumon) under investigation in the episode, \"Delinquent\". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12) The twelfth season of \"\" premiered in the United States on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on September 22, 2010, and concluded on May 18, 2011. This was the first season that the show did not air alongside the original \"Law & Order\". Episodes initially aired on Wednesdays between 9pm/8c and 10pm/9c Eastern except for the season premiere which aired from 9pm/8c to 11pm/10c. After the winter hiatus, \"SVU\" returned with another two-hour showing on January 5, 2011, before the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14535266", "score": "1.0372262", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)", "text": "NBC. It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's last season on the show; he signed a three-year deal with Sony Pictures Television, his contract allowing him to work on \"SVU\" for one final season. On March 10, 2016, it was announced that Rick Eid would replace Leight as showrunner on this season. The 400th episode of the series aired this season. \"Motherly Love,\" directed by Mariska Hargitay, was filmed and billed as the 400th show. However, due to the shuffling of episodes during the season, the episode actually aired as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19306125", "score": "1.0337484", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 5)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 5) The fifth season of the television series, \"\" premiered September 23, 2003, and ended May 18, 2004, on NBC. \"Law & Order: SVU\" moved away from its Friday night slot to Tuesday nights at 10pm/9c. Casey Novak, the unit's longest-serving ADA, was introduced in the fifth episode when Diane Neal joined the cast to fill the absence left by Stephanie March. Early reports about Stephanie March leaving the cast at the end of indicate that the first Season 5 episodes were written if not filmed by May 2003. The sixth episode, \"Coerced\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10107397", "score": "1.0312788", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "Frame\" saw a series high in overall viewership in with 8.42 million total viewers. As of December 6, 2012, \"SVU\" averaged a 1.7 18-49 rating in Live+same day that Fall, airing with virtually no lead-in (NBC’s struggling Wednesday comedy block), \"SVU\" had improved its challenging Wednesday 9 PM slot by 55% in adults 18-49 year-to-year but the network aired the now-defunct \"Harry's Law\" in the hour last fall. In Live+7, \"SVU\" averaged a 2.6/7 in 18-49 and 8.6 million viewers this season up to that point. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\" debuted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203098", "score": "1.0307149", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "million total viewers. This is the first season of \"SVU\" to have any kind of crossover with now-ended \"Law & Order\" spinoff \"\", with Kathryn Erbe guest starring in two episodes \"\" and \"Poisoned Motive\" as her \"LOCI\" character, Alexandra Eames, and Denis O'Hare guest starring in the episode \"Presumed Guilty\" as his \"LOCI\" character, . \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a fourteenth season on May 9, 2012. Prior to the season fourteen renewal, cast members Ice-T (Detective Fin Tutuola) and Mariska Hargitay (Detective Olivia Benson) had already renewed their contracts through the fourteenth season. Ice-T", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203065", "score": "1.0268795", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1) , an American police procedural television series, premiered on September 20, 1999 on NBC. Created by Dick Wolf, it is the first spin-off of \"Law & Order\" and follows the detectives of a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department's Special Victims Unit, which investigates sexually based offenses. \"SVU\" originally aired on Monday nights at 9pm/8c EST, but it was moved to Friday nights at 10pm/9c after the ninth episode. Showrunner Robert Palm felt too disturbed by the subject matter and left after the season's conclusion. Inspiration for the series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9824929", "score": "1.0227175", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Law & Order (season 19)", "text": "episodes spiking when \"CSI: NY\" episodes were repeats (or replaced with other programming) when \"Law & Order\" episodes were new. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order (season 19) The 19th season of \"Law & Order\" premiered on NBC on November 5, 2008, and concluded on June 3, 2009. This was the third time in the series where there were no changes in the cast from the previous season and the last season to air on Wednesday nights at 10PM/9c, \"\" has claimed the slot off-and-on (\"SVU\" often placed at 9PM/8c to lead other programming that later gets moved or taken off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12628974", "score": "1.0223174", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)", "text": "the Winter, \"American Idol\", \"Supernatural\" on CW, and CBS's veteran drama \"Criminal Minds\" (this occurring for the third time \"SVU\" has been pushed back to 9:00PM (Eastern). Season fourteen premiered (episodes: \"Lost Reputation\" & \"Above Suspicion\") fairly well earning approximately 7.19 million total viewers with a 2.1 in the age 18-49 demographic with a 6% share. The series' 300th episode (\"Manhattan Vigil\") was watched by approximately 6.77 million total viewers and earned a 1.9 in the age 18-49 demographic with a 5% share. Leading into Thanksgiving, \"SVU\" saw a sharp decline in the 18-49 demographic with the episode \"Lesson's Learned\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16203096", "score": "1.0208106", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Justice Denied (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit)", "text": "[on SVU].\" In an interview with \"TV Guide\" in February 2012, showrunner/executive producer Warren Leight initially spoke of what was to come in this episode. Leight suggested that it is possible Connick, Jr. will return to the show after his initial four-episode arc. \"Originally [Connick] was booked for four episodes, but I'm under no obligation to kill him off at the end of those four. He seems to be having a good time. They seem to be working pretty well together, but at some point drama must rear its head. One thing I will say is we will not reveal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16434554", "score": "1.02072", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lost Reputation", "text": "said of moving on from \"Criminal Minds\", \"[...] last year I decided that I wanted to challenge myself, and doing these episodes of \"Law & Order: SVU\" has proven me right.\" Brewster noted of her character, BC ADA Foster, \"I'm despised by the detectives,\" she says with a laugh, adding \"I've been able to work with everybody, but especially with Mariska Hargitay!\" Brewster added that she would be praying to the \"Nielsen gods\" on Sept. 26. \"I'm so torn because I'm such a fan of both shows,\" she says. \"I just hope both shows get great ratings!\" On September 25,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16776294", "score": "1.0206072", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)", "text": "longer used. Outdoor filming was halted on January 26, 2011, due to a blizzard. Production resumed in the Chelsea Piers studio. This season's focused on an investigation involving a rape kit, which took Detective Olivia Benson (Hargitay) from New York City to Los Angeles to meet Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Rex Winters (Skeet Ulrich). The episode was shot while Hargitay was in Los Angeles for the Primetime Emmy Awards in August 2010, and aired September 29, before the \"\" premiere on NBC. Neal Baer left \"Law & Order: SVU\" at the end of the season, after serving eleven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14535249", "score": "1.0202199", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)", "long_answer": "The nineteenth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit premiered on September 27, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The nineteenth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit premiered on September 27, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "September 27, 2017" ] }

[ "the mouth", "the minor salivary glands" ]

[ { "title": "Human digestive system", "text": "Within the oral mucosa (a mucous membrane) lining the mouth and also on the tongue and palates and mouth floor, are the minor salivary glands; their secretions are mainly mucous and are innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). The glands also secrete amylase a first stage in the breakdown of food acting on the carbohydrate in the food to transform the starch content into maltose. There are other glands on the surface of the tongue that encircle taste buds on the back part of the tongue and these also produce lingual lipase. Lipase is a digestive enzyme", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Khanom chan", "text": "carbohydrate, not a starch. It is a composition of plants, vegetables and fruit. It is indigestible in the stomach but it is digested by microorganism when it passes the large intestine. This process causes fiber to change into carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and water which can be absorbed directly into the body. The fiber can activate working process of the large intestine, make the excretory system work normally. Moreover, fiber can help to absorb carcinogen that contaminates our food and releases it out with the waste of our body. The fiber amount that we should consume is about 25-30 grams", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16514604", "score": "0.89048284", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Starch", "text": "problems digesting crystalline structures. Raw starch is digested poorly in the duodenum and small intestine, while bacterial degradation takes place mainly in the colon. When starch is cooked, the digestibility is increased. Starch gelatinization during cake baking can be impaired by sugar competing for water, preventing gelatinization and improving texture. Before the advent of processed foods, people consumed large amounts of uncooked and unprocessed starch-containing plants, which contained high amounts of resistant starch. Microbes within the large intestine fermented the starch, produced short-chain fatty acids, which are used as energy, and support the maintenance and growth of the microbes. More", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "375916", "score": "0.8860754", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rumen", "text": "absorbed and transported in the portal vein to the liver. The digestion of these microbes in the small intestine is a major source of nutrition, as microbes usually supply some 60 to 90% of the total amount of amino acids absorbed. On starch-poor diets, they also provide the predominant source of glucose absorbed from the small intestinal contents. Under conditions of ruminal acidosis, when the environment of the reticulorumen has become too acidic (usually due to excessive fermentation of starches and sugars into VFA and lactate), microbes that favor a lower pH may start to dominate the ecosystem of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6393052", "score": "0.8859027", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Starch", "text": "granules. Each plant species has a unique starch granular size: rice starch is relatively small (about 2 μm) while potato starches have larger granules (up to 100 μm). Starch becomes soluble in water when heated. The granules swell and burst, the semi-crystalline structure is lost and the smaller amylose molecules start leaching out of the granule, forming a network that holds water and increasing the mixture's viscosity. This process is called starch gelatinization. During cooking, the starch becomes a paste and increases further in viscosity. During cooling or prolonged storage of the paste, the semi-crystalline structure partially recovers and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "375908", "score": "0.8827852", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Potato starch", "text": "becomes sticky. Potato starch Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then washed out and dried to powder. Potato starch contains typical large oval spherical granules ranging in size between 5 and 100 μm. Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white colour, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13674614", "score": "0.87967455", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Potato starch", "text": "Potato starch Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then washed out and dried to powder. Potato starch contains typical large oval spherical granules ranging in size between 5 and 100 μm. Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white colour, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13674609", "score": "0.8746002", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Starch production", "text": "the rasping, using centrifuges or decanters. It contains about 5% of dry substance, including about 2% valuable protein of the potato of high nutritional value, minerals, vitamins and other. Modern starch plants separate the juice from the mash. - Potato protein can be extrated from the juice by coagulation with heat at low pH. About 600 kg of coagulated protein from each 1000 kg of potato protein can be recovered this way. The coagulated protein product contains about 80% protein (with the digestibility of about 90%), 2.5% minerals, 1.5% fat, 6% nitrogen-free substances and 10% water. Because of the full", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16603301", "score": "0.8721105", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Resistant starch", "text": "manufactured foods. Starches with high amylose content generally have increased resistant starch. Resistant starch (RS) is any starch or starch digestion products that are not digested and absorbed in the stomach or small intestine and pass on to the large intestine. RS has been categorized into four types: Processing may affect the natural resistant starch content of foods. In general, processes that break down structural barriers to digestion reduce resistant starch content, with greater reductions resulting from processing. Whole grain wheat may contain as high as 14% resistant starch, while milled wheat flour may contain only 2%. Resistant starch content", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6556249", "score": "0.8715434", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Carbohydrate digestion", "text": "diffusion of substances, but is active and requires energy use by the epithelial cells. During the phase of carbohydrate absorption, fructose is transported into the intestinal cell's cytosol, glucose and galactose competes with other sodium transporter required for operation. From the cytosol, monosaccharides pass into the capillaries by simple or facilitated diffusion. Carbohydrates not digested in the small intestine, including resistant starch foods such as potato, bean, oat, wheat flour, and several monosaccharide oligosaccharides and starch, are digested in a variable when they reach the large intestine. The bacterial flora metabolize these compounds anaerobically in the absence of oxygen. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14614242", "score": "0.8715235", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Resistant starch", "text": "of cooked rice may decrease due to grinding or cooking. Other types of processing increase resistant starch content. If cooking includes excess water, the starch is gelatinized and becomes more digestible. However, if these starch gels are then cooled, they can form starch crystals resistant to digestive enzymes (Type RS3 or retrograded resistant starch), such as those occurring in cooked and cooled cereals or potatoes (e.g., potato salad). Cooling a boiled potato overnight increases the amount of resistant starch. Resistant starch is considered both a dietary fiber and a functional fiber, depending on whether it is naturally in foods or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6556250", "score": "0.86976635", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Large intestine", "text": "the water have been absorbed by the body. At this point some electrolytes like sodium, magnesium, and chloride are left as well as indigestible parts of ingested food (e.g., a large part of ingested amylose, starch which has been shielded from digestion heretofore, and dietary fiber, which is largely indigestible carbohydrate in either soluble or insoluble form). As the chyme moves through the large intestine, most of the remaining water is removed, while the chyme is mixed with mucus and bacteria (known as gut flora), and becomes feces. The ascending colon receives fecal material as a liquid. The muscles of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "697628", "score": "0.867977", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Carbohydrate digestion", "text": "Carbohydrate digestion All carbohydrates absorbed in the small intestine must be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides prior to absorption. Hydrolysis precedes transport of monosaccharides in hamster intestine. From sucrose, glucose is taken up much faster than fructose. Monosaccharide transport saturates with -glucose at 30 mM. Digestion of starch begins with the action of salivary alpha-amylase/ptyalin, although its activity is slight in comparison with that of pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. Amylase hydrolyzes starch to alpha-dextrin, which are then digested by gluco-amylase (alpha-dextrinases) to maltose and maltotriose. The products of digestion of alpha-amylase and alpha-dextrinase, along with dietary disaccharides are hydrolyzed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14614240", "score": "0.8669156", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Vegetarian and vegan dog diet", "text": "that can be lost from Maillard reactions. Therefore, it is often seen that sugar amounts are decreased at this time. Oligosaccharides, such as raffinose and stachyose, impair nutrient utilization of grains. In the extrusion process there is a destruction of oligosaccharides that prevent flatulence and thus improves utilization of legumes used in the feed. Gelatinization of starches is a required step in extruding foods in order to form the desired porous appearance. This step allows enzymes to react with starch and increase starch breakdown. Processing increases water solubility of fiber by reducing the molecular weight of starch molecules like hemicellulose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20473327", "score": "0.8633374", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Resistant starch", "text": "microbiota encounter more carbohydrates than any other dietary component. This includes resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharide fibers, oligosaccharides, and simple sugars which have significance in colon health. The fermentation of resistant starch produces short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate and increased bacterial cell mass. The short-chain fatty acids are produced in the large intestine where they are rapidly absorbed from the colon, then are metabolized in colonic epithelial cells, liver or other tissues. The fermentation of resistant starch produces more butyrate than other types of dietary fibers. Modest amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6556246", "score": "0.8623748", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Potato starch", "text": "long texture and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution. Potato starch contains approximately 800 ppm phosphate bound to the starch; this increases the viscosity and gives the solution a slightly anionic character, a low gelatinisation temperature of approximately , and high swelling power. These typical properties are used in food and technical applications. Starch derivatives are used in many recipes, for example in noodles, wine gums, cocktail nuts, potato chips, hot dog sausages, bakery cream and instant soups and sauces, in gluten-free recipes, in kosher foods for Passover and in Asian cuisine. In pastry, e.g. sponge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13674610", "score": "0.8587653", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Polysaccharide", "text": "can be digested by breaking the \"alpha-\"linkages (glycosidic bonds). Both humans and other animals have amylases, so they can digest starches. Potato, rice, wheat, and maize are major sources of starch in the human diet. The formations of starches are the ways that plants store glucose. Glycogen serves as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach. Glycogen is analogous to starch, a glucose polymer in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "325278", "score": "0.85715383", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Starch", "text": "and is contained in many staple foods. The major sources of starch intake worldwide are the cereals (rice, wheat, and maize) and the root vegetables (potatoes and cassava). Many other starchy foods are grown, some only in specific climates, including acorns, arrowroot, arracacha, bananas, barley, breadfruit, buckwheat, canna, colacasia, katakuri, kudzu, malanga, millet, oats, oca, polynesian arrowroot, sago, sorghum, sweet potatoes, rye, taro, chestnuts, water chestnuts and yams, and many kinds of beans, such as favas, lentils, mung beans, peas, and chickpeas. Widely used prepared foods containing starch are bread, pancakes, cereals, noodles, pasta, porridge and tortilla. Digestive enzymes have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "375915", "score": "0.85437787", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Commercial sorghum", "text": "heat. Sorghum is about 70% starch, so is a good energy source. Its starch consists of 70 to 80% amylopectin, a branched-chain polymer of glucose, and 20 to 30% amylose, a straight-chain polymer. The digestibility of the sorghum starch is relatively poor in its unprocessed form, varying between 33 and 48%. Processing of the grain by methods such as steaming, pressure cooking, flaking, puffing or micronization of the starch increases the digestibility of sorghum starch. This has been attributed to a release of starch granules from the protein matrix, rendering them more susceptible to enzymatic digestion. On cooking, the gelatinized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10017131", "score": "0.8524082", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Starch production", "text": "the starch milk desanding bihydrocyclones are used. In order to prevent enzymatic darkening of potato juice the chemical refining of starch is carried out using sulfurous acid. Refined starch milk has a density of about 22° Be, which is about 38% of starch. It is a suspension of starch in water, which needs dewatering up to 20% of moisture. This is equivalent to the moisture content of commercial starch when stored. High temperatures cannot be used in this process because of the danger of starch gelatinization which destroys granular structure. It may result in significant changes of the functional starch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16603297", "score": "0.85041744", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Starch", "text": "highly processed foods are more easily digested and release more glucose in the small intestine—less starch reaches the large intestine and more energy is absorbed by the body. It is thought that this shift in energy delivery (as a result of eating more processed foods) may be one of the contributing factors to the development of metabolic disorders of modern life, including obesity and diabetes. The starch industry extracts and refines starches from seeds, roots and tubers, by wet grinding, washing, sieving and drying. Today, the main commercial refined starches are cornstarch, tapioca, arrowroot, and wheat, rice, and potato starches.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "375917", "score": "0.8504089", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Carbohydrate digestion", "text": "their corresponding monosaccharides by enzymes (maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and lactase) present in the brush border of the small intestine. In the typical Western diet, digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is fast and takes place usually in the upper small intestine. However, when the diet contains carbohydrates not easily digestible, digestion and absorption take place mainly in the ileal portion of the intestine. Digestion of food continues while simplest elements are absorbed. The absorption of most digested food occurs in the small intestine through the brush border of the epithelium covering the villi (small hair-like structure). It is not a simple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14614241", "score": "0.8487294", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Starch analysis", "text": "determine diet and when humans began to exploit wild food varieties. In some cases the grains can become degraded. Factors such as heat and water absorption may affect the structure of the grains, making identification more difficult. Even if the remains are well preserved, water logging, dehydration, desiccation or damage from fungi can destroy the starch. In some cases, even within the same species, starch grains can differ in shape and size and the size of the grain affects its survivability in the archaeological record (Haslam 2004). Starch is produced in plants as a form of energy storage through the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15559957", "score": "0.84710467", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Starch analysis", "text": "process of photosynthesis. When the plant is in need of energy, the stored starch is converted back into glucose. There are two basic methods for identifying starch: Starch grains are typically microscopically identified with either optical or electron microscopy. Starch grains can become clearer if they are stained a darker color with Iodine Stains. Logol's Iodine is one, used for staining starch because iodine reagents easily bind to starch but less easily to other materials. Features that allow identification of starch grains include: presence of hilum (core of the grain), lamellae (or growth layers), birefringence, and extinction cross (a cross", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15559958", "score": "0.84631515", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Digestion", "text": "the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver which helps in the emulsification of fats for absorption of fatty acids. Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules. In humans, dietary starches are composed of glucose units arranged in long chains called amylose, a polysaccharide. During digestion, bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase, resulting in progressively smaller chains of glucose. This results in simple sugars glucose and maltose (2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430947", "score": "0.84303904", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Starch production", "text": "Starch production Starch production is an isolation of starch from plant sources. It takes place in starch plants. Starch industry is a part of food processing which is using starch as a starting material for production of starch derivatives, hydrolysates, dextrins. At first, the raw material for the preparation of the starch was wheat. Currently main starch sources are: The production of potato starch comprises the steps such as delivery and unloading potatoes, cleaning, rasping of tubers, potato juice separation, starch extraction, starch milk rafination, dewatering of refined starch milk and starch drying. The potato starch production supply chain varies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16603292", "score": "0.8406129", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Croissant", "text": "or kneading stage, the action of mixing causes the gluten to undergo a series of polymerization and depolymerization reactions, forming a viscoelastic network. Hydrated glutenin proteins in particular help form a polymeric protein network that makes the dough more cohesive. On the other hand, hydrated gliadin proteins do not directly form the network, but do act as plasticizers of the glutenin network, thus imparting fluidity to the dough’s viscosity. Starch also affects the viscosity of predough. At room temperature and in a sufficient amount of water, intact starch granules can absorb water up to 50% of their own dry weight,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1422276", "score": "0.8405074", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Polysaccharide", "text": "unknown. Not yet formally proposed as an essential macronutrient (as of 2005), dietary fiber is nevertheless regarded as important for the diet, with regulatory authorities in many developed countries recommending increases in fiber intake. Starch is a glucose polymer in which glucopyranose units are bonded by \"alpha-\"linkages. It is made up of a mixture of amylose (15–20%) and amylopectin (80–85%). Amylose consists of a linear chain of several hundred glucose molecules and Amylopectin is a branched molecule made of several thousand glucose units (every chain of 24–30 glucose units is one unit of Amylopectin). Starches are insoluble in water. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "325277", "score": "0.8397134", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Starch production", "text": "in cyclones. Due to short time of high temperature drying and intensive water evaporation from the starch granules, its surface is heated only to 40 °C. Dried starch contains about 21% of water. During the pneumatic transport starch loses additional 1% of water. Received starch is storing separately in silos, in jute bags (100 kg) or paper bags (50 kg). There are three kinds of starch: superior extra, superior and prima. Different sorts of starch depend on degree of purity and whiteness. The differences between them are in an acidity and content of mineral substances. Table 1. Potato starch production", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16603299", "score": "0.8374975", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Resistant starch", "text": "mild laxative and why consuming it at high doses can lead to flatulence. The concept of resistant starch arose from research in the 1970s and is currently considered to be one of three starch types: rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch and resistant starch, each of which may affect levels of blood glucose. The European Commission has supported research eventually leading to a definition of resistant starch. Resistant starch does not release glucose within the small intestine, but rather reaches the large intestine where it is consumed or fermented by colonic bacteria (gut microbiota). On a daily basis, human intestinal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6556245", "score": "0.8362133", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Human digestive system", "long_answer": "Within the oral mucosa (a mucous membrane) lining the mouth and also on the tongue and palates and mouth floor, are the minor salivary glands; their secretions are mainly mucous and are innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). The glands also secrete amylase a first stage in the breakdown of food acting on the carbohydrate in the food to transform the starch content into maltose. There are other glands on the surface of the tongue that encircle taste buds on the back part of the tongue and these also produce lingual lipase. Lipase is a digestive enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids (fats). These glands are termed Von Ebner's glands which have also been shown to have another function in the secretion of histatins which offer an early defense (outside of the immune system) against microbes in food, when it makes contact with these glands on the tongue tissue. Sensory information can stimulate the secretion of saliva providing the necessary fluid for the tongue to work with and also to ease swallowing of the food.", "chunked_long_answer": "Within the oral mucosa (a mucous membrane) lining the mouth and also on the tongue and palates and mouth floor, are the minor salivary glands; their secretions are mainly mucous and are innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). The glands also secrete amylase a first stage in the breakdown of food acting on the carbohydrate in the food to transform the starch content into maltose. There are other glands on the surface of the tongue that encircle taste buds on the back part of the tongue and these also produce lingual lipase. Lipase is a digestive enzyme", "short_answers": [ "the minor salivary glands", "the mouth" ] }

[ "Georges Auguste Escoffier" ]

[ { "title": "Brigade de cuisine", "text": "The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts", "text": "merger, the school purchased an additional campus in Austin, Texas. The school is named after Auguste Escoffier, the renowned French chef who is hailed as the father of modern cuisine and known for creating the kitchen brigade system, à la carte menu and the mother sauces. The school has a focus on a mix of classic French and modern culinary techniques and is strongly affiliated with the Auguste Escoffier Foundation, Le Musee Escoffier de l’Art Culinaire and Michel Escoffier, the great grandson of the well-known chef and a member of the parent corporation’s advisory board. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12476893", "score": "1.2222955", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "French cuisine", "text": "central figure to the modernization of haute cuisine and organizing what would become the national cuisine of France. His influence began with the rise of some of the great hotels in Europe and America during the 1880s – 1890s. The Savoy Hotel managed by César Ritz was an early hotel in which Escoffier worked, but much of his influence came during his management of the kitchens in the Carlton from 1898 until 1921. He created a system of \"parties\" called the brigade system, which separated the professional kitchen into five separate stations. These five stations included the \"garde manger\" that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "139445", "score": "1.214649", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Chef", "text": "in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century. The culinary arts, among other aspects of the French language introduced French loan-words into the English language. Various titles, detailed below, are given to those working in a professional kitchen and each can be considered a title for a type of chef. Many of the titles are based on the \"brigade de cuisine\" (or brigade system) documented by Auguste Escoffier, while others have a more general meaning depending on the individual kitchen. Other names include executive chef, chef manager, head chef, and master chef. This person is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1966778", "score": "1.159308", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jacques Pic", "text": "Point and Alexandre Dumaine, who were considered his father's equals in the kitchen. Both chefs turned down Jacques' application. He instead travelled to Geneva, Switzerland, and to a variety of towns and cities in France, picking up culinary skills on the way. During his French national service, he was sent to Algeria. Upon returning to Maison Pic, he introduced an eight course tasting menu, becoming one of the first chefs in the nouvelle cuisine movement to expand upon the traditional three course meal. In 1959, he won back the second Michelin star for the restaurant and restored the third in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16771206", "score": "1.1564046", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Richard Olney (food writer)", "text": "Kenneth Anger, painter John Craxton, poet John Ashbery, and composer Ned Rorem. His deep knowledge of traditional classic French food and wine got him a job writing a column entitled \"Un Américain (gourmand) à Paris\" for the journal \"Cuisine et Vins de France\" beginning in 1962. After \"The French Menu Cookbook\" was published in English in 1970, his then-revolutionary approach of seasonal menus and close attention to wine pairings began to attract notice in Britain and America. By the time he wrote \"Simple French Food\" in 1974, he was one of the most important food writers of the era, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7660955", "score": "1.1511589", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Chef", "text": "area of production. The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles. Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\". A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps). The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen. (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\"). In English, the title \"chef\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1966777", "score": "1.1425519", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Chuck Williams (author)", "text": "Chuck Williams (author) Charles Edward \"Chuck\" Williams (October 2, 1915 – December 5, 2015) was the American founder of the Williams-Sonoma company and author and editor of more than 100 books on the subject of cooking. Williams is credited for playing a major role in introducing French cookware into American kitchens through his retail and mail-order business. He turned 100 in October 2015 and died two months later on December 5, in San Francisco, California. Born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, Williams learned to cook from his maternal grandmother, who had owned a restaurant in Lima, Ohio. When the Great", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4459750", "score": "1.1385584", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Louis Diat", "text": "how to make the sauces bechamel, brown sauce, tomato sauce, and mayonnaise. He also included a narration of his eating habits. Diat also wrote \"French Cooking for the Home\" (1956) and \"Gourmet's Basic French Cookbook\" (1961). Louis Diat Louis Felix Diat (1885–1957) was a chef and culinary writer who is one of the chefs believed to have created vichyssoise soup, though other chefs in France are also credited for the same; no proof is available for any claimants' assertions. Diat was born in 1885 in Bourbon-l'Archambault/Montmarault, France, where his father managed a shoe store. During the summer, when Diat and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15143702", "score": "1.1345992", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chez Panisse", "text": "and the menus. He left in 1978 and went on to open Santa Fe Bar and Grill and Stars in San Francisco, in the 1980s. He, along with Alice Waters, Paul Aratow and several other chefs are often credited with creating the style of cooking known as \"California Cuisine.\" Paul Bertolli served as the head chef of Chez Panisse from 1982 to 1992. With Waters, Bertolli co-wrote the cookbook Chez Panisse Cooking. He later went on to become the head chef of Oliveto, an Italian restaurant in Oakland, California, and now owns the salumi company Fra'mani. Jean-Pierre Moulle joined the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3438520", "score": "1.1237688", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pierre Franey", "text": "U.S. Army. After the war, Henri Soulé, who ran the French Pavilion's kitchen, re-opened Le Pavillon in New York City, and Franey became executive chef in 1952. Franey, along with Jacques Pépin, then an aspiring young cook on the staff of Le Pavillon, was hired in 1960 by the hotel and restaurant entrepreneur Howard Johnson, Sr., (a regular client at Le Pavillon) to revamp some of the Howard Johnson's restaurant chain’s recipes. The nine to five, week-day job allowed Pierre to spend more time with his family and collaborate with New York Times food writer Craig Claiborne on weekends, often", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8005762", "score": "1.1226661", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Heston Blumenthal", "text": "Hammersmith, St John's Church of England school in Lacey Green, Buckinghamshire, and John Hampden Grammar School, High Wycombe. His interest in cooking began at the age of sixteen on a family holiday to Provence, France, when he was taken to the 3 Michelin-starred restaurant \"L'Oustau de Baumanière\". He was inspired by the quality of the food and \"the whole multi-sensory experience: the sound of fountains and cicadas, the heady smell of lavender, the sight of the waiters carving lamb at the table\". When he learned to cook, he was influenced by the cookbook series \"Les recettes originales\", with French chefs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4807085", "score": "1.1209419", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Madeleine Kamman", "text": "\"cuisine personelle\" — part of the nouvelle cuisine movement that reinvented the classics of French classical cuisine — and as one of the world's most authoritative and exacting teachers of cooking — a \"teacher's teacher\" — who has Influenced the development of American chefs and the American cookery scene. Kamman first learned to cook as a young girl at her aunt's Michelin-starred restaurant in Touraine, France.' She returned to Paris at the end of the World War 2 with the hope of attending university, but finances required her to work. She later attended Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, and met,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19403543", "score": "1.1189272", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pierre Franey", "text": "Pierre Franey Pierre Franey (January 13, 1921 – October 15, 1996) was a French chef, best known for his televised cooking shows and his \"60 Minute Gourmet\" column in \"The New York Times\". Franey grew up in northern Burgundy, France. As a young man, he was in the United States at the outbreak of World War II, cooking in the French Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, and remained in New York rather than returning to Occupied France. He turned down an offer to become the cook for Douglas MacArthur. Franey served as a machine gunner in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8005761", "score": "1.1140347", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Édouard Nignon", "text": "a la dinardaise\", a lobster salad with the \"insane trio\" of truffles, mustard and pickles. Ignored by the general public, Nignon has been recognized by chefs as one of the fathers of modern cuisine. His legacy has been revived after a long period of being eclipsed by his more famous contemporary, Auguste Escoffier. Michel Guérard, one of the founders of \"nouvelle cuisine\", described Nignon as a visionary chef who had a huge influence on French cooks such as himself and Joël Robuchon. A recent article on contemporary cookbooks called Nignon \"the Flaubert of the ovens,\" who created \"gourmet epics\". His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20584532", "score": "1.1122249", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Roger Vergé", "text": "85. Vergé was known for his contemporary cooking style, often named \"cuisine du soleil\", a variation of Provençal cuisine. Together with Paul Bocuse, Gaston Lenôtre (1920–2009) and others, he is credited with inventing \"nouvelle cuisine\", although Bocuse says that the term was invented by Henri Gault. The focus of Vergé's cooking style was on fresh, local ingredients, in a departure from traditional \"cuisine classique\". “The ‘cuisine heureuse’ is the antithesis of cooking to impress — rich and pretentious,” he wrote in the preface to his first cookbook, “Cuisine of the Sun.” “It is a lighthearted, healthy and natural way of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17357966", "score": "1.1116216", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Édouard Nignon", "text": "Franz Joseph I of Austria. He worked as the chef of Claridge's in London from 1894 to 1901. In 1908, he bought Larue Restaurant in Paris. He retired in 1928. When his restaurant was going through a crisis in World War I, he started writing cookbooks. His most famous cookbook, \"Eulogies of French Cuisine\", was published in 1933. It promoted deglazing with water, clear broths, and parsimonious seasoning. Nignon is credited with inventing the \"beuchelle tourangelle\", a veal kidney and rice stew inspired by the Austrian \"beuschel\" stew. Interested in unusual taste combinations, he created oysters with camembert and \"homard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20584531", "score": "1.110994", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Confit byaldi", "text": "American celebrity chef Thomas Keller first wrote about a dish he called \"byaldi\" in his 1999 cookbook, \"The French Laundry Cookbook\". Keller's variation of Guérard's added two sauces, a tomato and peppers sauce at the bottom (\"pipérade\"), and a vinaigrette at the top. He served as food consultant to the Pixar film \"Ratatouille\", allowing its producer, Brad Lewis, to intern for two days in the kitchen of his restaurant, The French Laundry. Lewis asked Keller how he would cook ratatouille if the most famous food critic in the world were to visit his restaurant. Keller decided he would make the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10703366", "score": "1.104605", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Fernand Point", "text": "Fernand Point Fernand Point (25 February 1897 – 4 March 1955) was a French chef and restaurateur and is considered to be the father of modern French cuisine. He founded the restaurant La Pyramide in Vienne near Lyon. He was born in Louhans, Saône-et-Loire, France. Both his parents were accomplished cordon bleu chefs and ran a buffet. He started cooking when he was ten and worked at some of the best restaurants of the time. He had received his training with Foyot in Paris, the Bristol Hotel, Paris, the Majestic in Cannes, and the Royal Hotel in Évian-les-Bains. In 1922,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3973937", "score": "1.1005344", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Thomas Keller", "text": "consultant for the 2007 Pixar animated film \"Ratatouille\", allowing the producer to intern in the French Laundry kitchen and designing a fancy layered version of ratatouille, \"confit byaldi\", for the characters to cook. In the American version he plays a cameo appearance as a restaurant patron (the part is played by one of Keller's mentors Guy Savoy in the French version, and Ferran Adrià in the Spanish one). Thomas Keller Thomas Keller (born October 14, 1955) is an American chef, restaurateur, and cookbook writer. He and his landmark Napa Valley restaurant, The French Laundry in Yountville, California, have won multiple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3672759", "score": "1.1003288", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The French Chef", "text": "The French Chef The French Chef is a television cooking show created and hosted by Julia Child, produced and broadcast by WGBH, the public television station in Boston, Massachusetts, from February 2, 1963 to January 14, 1973. It was one of the first cooking shows on American television. The show grew out of a special presentation Child gave on WGBH based on the book \"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\" which she co-authored. \"The French Chef\" was produced from 1963 to 1973 by WGBH for National Educational Television (and later for PBS). Reruns continued on PBS until 1989, and were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3618170", "score": "1.0968041", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chez Panisse", "text": "as one of the most influential figures in American cooking over the past 50 years. Chez Panisse Chez Panisse is a Berkeley, California restaurant, known as one of the inspirations for the style of cooking known as California cuisine. Restaurateur, author and food activist Alice Waters opened Chez Panisse in 1971 with film producer Paul Aratow, then professor of comparative literature at the University of California, Berkeley. The restaurant focuses on ingredients rather than technique and has developed a supply network of direct relationships with local farmers, ranchers and dairies. In 1971, Paul Aratow and Alice Waters founded Chez Panisse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3438526", "score": "1.095308", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Louis Diat", "text": "Louis Diat Louis Felix Diat (1885–1957) was a chef and culinary writer who is one of the chefs believed to have created vichyssoise soup, though other chefs in France are also credited for the same; no proof is available for any claimants' assertions. Diat was born in 1885 in Bourbon-l'Archambault/Montmarault, France, where his father managed a shoe store. During the summer, when Diat and his siblings desired a cold snack, Diat's mother Annette often poured milk into leftover potato-and-leek soup (\"potage bonne femme\"). At age five, Diat learned to cook. At age eight, he awoke early before school to cook", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15143689", "score": "1.0942461", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Gaston Lenôtre", "text": "concentrating on simple preparations and fresh ingredients, and for insisting on using the best butter in his pastries. The year 1964 saw Lenôtre enter the catering field. Due in large part to improvements in freezing food perishables, he was able to quickly expand the numbers of diners he was able to serve. The year 1971 saw Lenôtre open his first cooking school in Plaisir, Yvelines France. Among the chefs who studied under Lenôtre there was David Bouley and Jean-Paul Jeunet. The chef Pierre Hermé was an apprentice of his, as was the pastry chef Sébastien Canonne. The chef Alain Ducasse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20559625", "score": "1.0934268", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Paul Prudhomme", "text": "(Knight) of the French Ordre National du Mérite Agricole in honor of his work with Cajun and Creole cuisines. His cookbook, \"Paul Prudhomme's Louisiana Kitchen\", was published by William Morrow and Company in 1984. It was given a Culinary Classic Book Award in 1989 by the International Association of Culinary Professionals. Prudhomme has been credited with having popularized cajun cuisine and in particular blackened redfish during the 1980s. The popularity of the fish was such that commercial fishing of the species was restricted to prevent its extinction. Prudhomme was also credited with introducing the turducken into United States cuisine. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4117512", "score": "1.0925708", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Joël Robuchon", "text": "his inspiration firstly from the simplicity of Japanese cuisine, he led the way in creating a more delicate style respectful of natural food ingredients. Robuchon has published numerous cookbooks in French and English, some of which are: Joël Robuchon Joël Robuchon (, 7 April 1945 – 6 August 2018) was a French chef and restaurateur. He was named \"Chef of the Century\" by the guide Gault Millau in 1989, and awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France (France's best worker) in cuisine in 1976. He published several cookbooks, two of which have been translated into English, chaired the committee for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3761082", "score": "1.090872", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "René Verdon", "text": "to prepare a cold garbanzo bean puree, a dish which he reportedly detested regardless of its temperature. After leaving the White House, Verdon began to demonstrate kitchen appliances before opening up Le Trianon in San Francisco, California. Le Trianon became one of America's finest French restaurants of the 1970s and 80's. Verdon produced a cookbook titled \"The White House Chef Cookbook\", first published in 1965. Over 500 recipes are interspersed with happy anecdotes of his time in the Kennedy White House interacting with the First Family. Verdon died on February 2, 2011 at the age of 86. The cause of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15320761", "score": "1.0903096", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Celebrity chef", "text": "has also since been referred to as a celebrity of his era, due to the complexity of his recipes. The first chef to achieve widespread fame and celebrity status was Alexis Soyer. Born in France, Soyer became the most celebrated cook in early Victorian England. In 1837, he became \"chef de cuisine\" at the Reform Club in London, where he designed the kitchens with Charles Barry. His exceptional cooking skills were combined with an excellent eye to marketing and self-publicity to ensure that he molded the public's perception of him. His image was even successfully used as a trademark to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3322062", "score": "1.0902262", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Auguste Escoffier", "text": "Carême), Escoffier was France's preeminent chef in the early part of the 20th century. Alongside the recipes he recorded and invented, another of Escoffier's contributions to cooking was to elevate it to the status of a respected profession by introducing organized discipline to his guests. Escoffier published \"Le Guide Culinaire\", which is still used as a major reference work, both in the form of a cookbook and a textbook on cooking. Escoffier's recipes, techniques and approaches to kitchen management remain highly influential today, and have been adopted by chefs and restaurants not only in France, but also throughout the world.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2205683", "score": "1.0888886", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Philip Harben", "text": "Harbenware kitchen utensils company, which in 2012 is still operating under the same ownership. He died 27 April 1970 aged 63. He was buried in London's Highgate Cemetery. Philip Harben Philip Hubert Kendal Jerrold Harben (17 October 1906 – 27 April 1970) was an English cook, recognised as the first TV celebrity chef. Harben was born in Fulham, London, and was educated at Highgate School. His mother, Mary Jerrold, was an actress known for her performance as the murderous Martha Brewster in the first stage production of \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" as well as many screen roles. His father, Hubert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13761615", "score": "1.0876658", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Brigade de cuisine", "long_answer": "The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen.", "chunked_long_answer": "The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen.", "short_answers": [ "Georges Auguste Escoffier" ] }

[ "Buffalo Springfield" ]

[ { "title": "For What It's Worth", "text": "\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\" (often referred to as simply \"For What It's Worth\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records in January 1967. The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. This song is currently ranked number 63 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as the eighth best song of 1967 by Acclaimed Music.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)", "text": "Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart) \"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\" is a soul song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed that was originally recorded by the Philadelphia soul group the Stylistics. An R&B ballad, it was the first track from their 1971 debut self-titled album and was released as a single in 1971 and reached #39 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. In addition, it also climbed to #6 in the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Around the same time, Motown wanted their most successful label mates Gaye and Ross to record a duet album. Among the songs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330065", "score": "0.94759107", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Stop! Look! Listen!", "text": "song called \"The Hula Hula,\" beggar description. Altogether, here is a quick and diverting entertainment, none the less sure of success because its words and music are not 'way above par. At the Globe you must stop and look, but it isn't at all important that you listen! Stop! Look! Listen! Stop! Look! Listen! is a musical revue in three acts with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and book by Harry B. Smith. The piece had additional music by Henry Kailimai and Jack Alau and additional lyrics by G. H. Stover and Sylvester Kalama. \"Stop! Look! Listen!\" opened on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16369341", "score": "0.94377744", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Who's That Girl (soundtrack)", "text": "notes C to B. \"The Look of Love\" has a basic sequence of C–Dm–Fm–B as its chord progression. \"Can't Stop\" has a high pitched keyboard sound embedded in between the sound of a drum machine and clarinet. The lyrics essentially refer to the idea that \"I want my man and I am going to get him whatever\". Rooksby noticed that the instrumental break in the song repeats the chorus, with a synth line added on the top. He felt that \"Can't Stop\", at 4:45 length, was a good example of the division of Madonna's songs between dance music—where the length", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2184973", "score": "0.9336821", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Who's That Girl (1987 film)", "text": "the downtempo ballad \"The Look of Love\". Two more songs were composed for the film with Bray, the first being the dance-y tune \"Causing a Commotion\", and the other being \"Can't Stop\", a track inspired by Sixties Motown and the group Martha and the Vandellas. After its release, \"Who's That Girl\" soundtrack received mostly negative reviews from critics, who called it plain and incomplete, although citing the title track and \"The Look of Love\" as its highlights. The soundtrack was a commercial success, reaching the top ten of the album charts of the United States, Austria, Canada, France, Italy, New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9594559", "score": "0.91003495", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "For What It's Worth", "text": "here, for what it's worth, if you want it.\" Another producer, Charlie Greene, claims that Stills first said the above line to him, but credits Ahmet Ertegun with giving the single the parenthetical subtitle \"Stop, Hey What's That Sound\" in order that the song would be more easily recognized. The song was recorded on December 5, 1966 at Columbia Studios, Hollywood. Tom Dowd claims he mixed the song at Atlantic's studio in New York, though this has been disputed. Dowd did take part in the production of Cher's version of the song in 1969. The song is distinguished with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4161767", "score": "0.8856125", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "What's That Sound?", "text": "What's That Sound? What's That Sound? is the third studio album by American music artist Haley Reinhart, released on September 22, 2017 by Concord Records, and produced by Reinhart and John Burk. An homage to music from the late 1960s, it features fourteen tracks on the standard release, with two bonus tracks on the Target exclusive edition. Lead single \"Baby It's You\" was released June 16, 2017, followed by \"For What It's Worth\" on August 11, 2017 and \"Let's Start\" on September 15, 2017. \"The Letter\" was also released on July 13, 2017 as a promotional single. The album debuted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20206324", "score": "0.88121456", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Being Boiled", "text": "singles to use entirely electronic instruments, and is strikingly different from and darker than the group's more well known songs. It has a strong bassline, inspired by Bootsy Collins. The lyrics (described as \"bizarre\" and \"confused\" combine a protest against silk farming with vague mention of oriental religion - (\"Listen to the voice of Buddha/saying stop your sericulture\"). In Japan, the sound of bells are referred to as \"the voice of Buddha\". The song's music predates Philip Oakey's joining the band. The Future, a band comprising Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh, had just parted company with singer Adi Newton,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10498363", "score": "0.8776717", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Elida Morris", "text": "rhythmic and melodic freedom... speaking the key words \"Stop, stop, stop\" in an obviously provocative way\". She sang in the new \"syncopated\" style, and was sometimes described as a \"coon shouter\". In a 1912 Victor catalog, she was described as \"The Girl Who Chases Away All Gloom\". She recorded \"Play Me a Good Old-Fashioned Melody\" in 1912; the sheet music cover showed her as a male impersonator, but it is unclear whether this was a regular part of her vaudeville performances. She also recorded in duos with Billy Murray (\"Angel Eyes\", 1910), Walter Van Brunt (\"I've Got Your Number\", 1911),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344964", "score": "0.87328196", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)", "text": "sample from \"It's Your Thing\" performed by Lou Donaldson. The album's fourth track, \"Don't Stop\", is characterized by a pulsating bass overlaid with strings punctuating and accompanying the riffs in sustained and glissandi gestures. The rhetoric of the track is displayed by Madonna's commands: \"Don't stop doin' what you're doin' baby, Don't stop, keep movin' keep groovin'\". The next track \"Inside of Me\" starts with the same tempo as \"Don't Stop\", with guitars, sustained strings, \"throbbing\" bass and jazz-y keyboards, with Madonna singing in a breathy vocal register. The singing conjures an erotic imagery as she sings on the chorus,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13700416", "score": "0.8726888", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough", "text": "Jackson's falsetto voice and vocal hiccups, which would become one of Jackson's signature techniques. Along with Jackson's vocal hiccups, Jackson's voice in the song was described as having vocal tics—from the hiccups, a \"grunt\", and \"the 'oho!'\". \"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\" is played in the key of B Mixolydian and in common time signature and Jackson's voice range is from G#3 to B5. Instruments used are a six-piece horn section (two trumpets, alto sax, tenor sax, trombone, and baritone sax), string section (arranged by Ben Wright), and two guitars, keyboards, bass, drums and percussion. The song's tempo is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999047", "score": "0.8725568", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Book Revue (film)", "text": "the music to \"STOP!\" and the jam session screeches to a halt. Standing in front of a book called \"Danny Boy\" with the classic Ukrainian tune Ochi chyornye as background music and the background becoming one with elegible newsprint superimposed on silhouettes of urban buildings, Daffy (effecting Danny Kaye's fake Russian accent) says \"pooey!\" to swing music and jazz. He then starts reminiscing about his \"natife willage\" with its \"soft music\", \"why-o-leens\" and the \"happy peoples sitting on their balalaikas, playing their samowars\" (misusing both terms) and also talks about a girl called Cucaracha, who he describes as \"so round,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5992774", "score": "0.8712852", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "I Wanna Sex You Up", "text": "#40 on Blender's list of the \"50 Worst Songs Ever\" and VH1's \"100 Greatest Songs of the 90s\". The \"to the tick tock ya don't stop\" soundbite is sampled from Doug E. Fresh's \"La Di Da Di.\" The bassline, chord structure and the \"I know you not gonna sing that song!\" soundbite are sampled from Betty Wright's \"Tonight is the Night.\" The chorus melody is from the Shuggie Otis song \"Strawberry Letter 23\". A sample of \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" has been used in the Kardinal Beats remix of \"Tick Tock\" by Lemar. The song has been used in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7720613", "score": "0.87095666", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Zap Mama", "text": "non-stop.\" But Daulne didn't really get interested in singing until an accident left her unable to participate in athletics. \"I wanted to be a runner, but then I broke my leg and I was finished with sports. I stayed at home, listening to music. I was recording sounds all the time -- I would listen to sounds repeating for hours. But there was something that I needed still, and that's when I decided to go to Africa, to the forest.\" In the documentary film \"Mizike Mama\", Daulne and her family recall a reverse cultural tug-of-war for her allegiance during her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9722389", "score": "0.8661015", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Stop! (Sam Brown song)", "text": "is the first live album by Polish singer Edyta Górniak. Jamelia covered the song after the makers of the 2004 film \"\" approached her to record it to illustrate an integral part of the film. Jamelia instantly accepted the offer and explained how much she was a fan of the character and of the first film. Her cover version was met with critical acclaim, especially for her vocal performance on the track. The exclamation mark at the end of the title was dropped for the Jamelia release. \"Stop\" was released as a double A-side with the song \"DJ\" on 1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8327536", "score": "0.86249495", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Who'll Stop the Rain (song)", "text": "features in Haruki Murakami's novel \"Hear the Wind Sing\" which was later made into a film. Creedence Clearwater Revival songs appeared in many films and commercials, in part because John Fogerty \"long ago signed away legal control of his old recordings to Creedence's record label, Fantasy Records.\" Fogerty objected to what he regarded as a misuse of his music in an NPR interview: Folks will remember \"Forrest Gump\" and that was a great movie, but they don't remember all the really poor movies that Fantasy Records stuck Creedence music into: car commercials, tire commercials. I'm remembering a paint thinner ad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12056620", "score": "0.86194396", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Stop, Look & Listen (Patsy Cline album)", "text": "Stop, Look & Listen (Patsy Cline album) Stop, Look & Listen is a compilation album released in 1986 consisting of songs recorded by country music artist, Patsy Cline. The album was released on MCA Records. \"Stop, Look & Listen\" was a collection of songs recorded by Patsy Cline at her first record label, Four Star. It was released originally on a record but was then reissued on a CD format in 1988. It included some songs that were released as singles, such as \"Three Cigarettes (In an Ashtray)\" and \"Ain't No Wheels on This Ship.\" It also included two songs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12818578", "score": "0.8600589", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Stop! Look! Listen!", "text": "Stop! Look! Listen! Stop! Look! Listen! is a musical revue in three acts with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and book by Harry B. Smith. The piece had additional music by Henry Kailimai and Jack Alau and additional lyrics by G. H. Stover and Sylvester Kalama. \"Stop! Look! Listen!\" opened on Broadway at the Globe Theatre on Christmas Day, 1915, and ran for 105 performances. The revue was produced by Charles Dillingham and directed by R.H. Burnside. The music director was Robert Hood Bowers, and Robert McQuinn designed the sets and costumes. Each song introduces a stunt. \"Green Book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16369335", "score": "0.8593222", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Forever the Sickest Kids", "text": "along to but so catchy you don't wanna stop.\" In nearly every song by the band, Cook, Bello, and Turman share lead vocals. Cook usually sings the chorus of the song, while Bello and Turman take on the verses, although it is not limited to this routine. Cook generally sings with a powerful, screeching voice and frequently ranges from a low to high pitch. Bello's vocals are similar to Cook's; however, Bello usually sings with a higher pitch and has a more distinct voice. Turman is known for taking the lead in the band's acoustic songs, such as \"Coffee Break\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11309915", "score": "0.85649574", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Who's That Girl (soundtrack)", "text": "to hide\". Rooksby felt that Madonna's voice sounded \"expressive\" when she sings the line \"From the look of love\" and utters the word \"look\" over the D minor chord present underneath. The word is sung in a higher note of the musical scale, thus giving an impression of the suspension like quality of the minor ninth chord, dissociating it from the harmony of the other notes. The song is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 80 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of D minor, with Madonna's voice spanning the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2184972", "score": "0.85452396", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Who's That Chick?", "text": "it would not appear on the album. \"Who's That Chick?\" is a dance-pop song, which lasts for 2:47 (2 minutes, 47 seconds). Instrumentation consists of pounding synthesizers. Rihanna's vocals on the song are technologically processed using the Auto-Tune effect. For the first verse, she \"hollers\" the lyrics \"Feel the adrenaline/ Moving under my skin/ It's an addiction\" over the heavy synth beat. During the chorus, Rihanna sings \"She's been a crazy dita/ Disco diva, and you wonder/ Who's that chick? Who's that chick?/ Too cold for you to keep her/ Too hot for you to leave her/ Who's that chick?", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15063831", "score": "0.8521011", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Who's That Girl (soundtrack)", "text": "were needed for the album. Leonard composed the music for the uptempo song, with Madonna providing the melody and lyrics. The singer named the track \"Who's That Girl\" and, believing this to be a better title than \"Slammer\", changed the name of the film to the same. Together, Madonna and Leonard also developed the downtempo ballad \"The Look of Love\". Two more songs were composed for the film with Bray, the first being the dance-y tune \"Causing a Commotion\", and the other being \"Can't Stop\", a track inspired by Sixties Motown and the group Martha and the Vandellas. After its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2184956", "score": "0.850083", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song)", "text": "on the song sound as if she recorded them to a different backing track, \"then gave them to some nerdy beatmatcher with an extensive collection of dark electro and classic pop.\" McAlpine compared the verses' vocal melody to that of Aaliyah's single \"Try Again\", the chorus to Madonna's \"La Isla Bonita\", and the base track to Eric Prydz-style trance music. After the release of Rihanna's single \"Only Girl (In the World)\" in 2010, many critics compared its composition and structure to \"Don't Stop the Music\". Music journalists praised the sampling of the \"Mama-say, mama-sa, ma-ma-ko-ssa\" hook. For Pitchfork Media's Tom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10609729", "score": "0.8497932", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bob Johnston", "text": "situation. The songs in question include Timi Yuro's 1962 hit \"What's A Matter Baby\", plus at least 16 songs for Elvis Presley's films between 1964 and 1968, including \"It Hurts Me\", \"Let Yourself Go\" and \"Stop, Look and Listen\". Two songs credited to Byers, the aforementioned \"Stop, Look and Listen\" and \"Yeah, She's Evil!\" were recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets (the latter song was titled \"The Meanest Girl in Town\" when Presley recorded it). Presley recorded \"The Meanest Girl in Town\" on June 10, 1964, while Bill Haley recorded his version a week later, on June 16, 1964.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6296670", "score": "0.84967107", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song)", "text": "\"Don't Stop the Music\" is a four-minute, 27-second dance song, written in the key of F minor in common time, with a moderate tempo of 123 beats per minute. Rihanna's voice ranges from F to A. The syncopated song samples a variety of layered rhythms, with hip-hop rhythms and a heavy bass drumbeat predominating. The sampled \"Mama-say, mama-sa, ma-ma-ko-ssa\" was added to the arrangement as a complementary throbbing motif. Sal Cinquemani of \"Slant Magazine\" described \"Don't Stop the Music\" as having a bouncy feel similar to Rihanna's 2006 single \"SOS\". According to Fraser McAlpine of BBC's Chart Blog, Rihanna's vocals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10609728", "score": "0.84894025", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Stop (Spice Girls song)", "text": "saying that it \"is as awesome a slice of obligatory British Tamla/Motown as you'll get\". Stewart Mason, also from Allmusic compared it to Bananarama's classic singles, and called it as \"a glorious piece of utterly disposable but wonderful disposable pop\". Sputnikmusic's Amanda Murray also complimented the track, saying that it a \"is a thoroughly enjoyable upbeat song, completely carefree and lively\". \"Music Week\" described it as an \"upbeat, trumpet-led homage to old-school R&B. Very Motown-influenced. [...] an addictive dreamy summer sing-a-long\". The \"Virginian-Pilot\" said that the horns on the song are \"classic soul with a 90s tweak\". Music critic Roger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4686130", "score": "0.8427699", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)", "text": "they released, their version of \"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\" was recorded in separate studios, and was released as a UK only single from their duet album, \"Diana & Marvin\", in 1974. The song became a hit in the UK reaching #25 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2001, the Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross duet version was used as part of the movie soundtrack for \"Bridget Jones's Diary\". Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart) \"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\" is a soul song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed that was originally recorded by the Philadelphia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330066", "score": "0.841707", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Haley Reinhart", "text": "Mike Merritt and Mike Shapiro provided backing instrumentation for the album alongside Postmodern Jukebox's Scott Bradlee, who played piano, and Reinhart's father, Harry, who once again provided guitar. The album, entitled \"What's That Sound?\", was released September 22, 2017 through Concord Records and features 11 covers of 1960s classics with 3 original songs. Reinhart described the project as an homage to songs and bands that influenced her childhood and her career. The album's lead single, \"Baby It's You\" was released June 16, 2017 alongside the official music video. The album's first promotional single, \"The Letter\", was released in a special", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15391310", "score": "0.84001637", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "What Sound", "text": "What Sound What Sound is the third album by English electronic music group Lamb, released in October 2001 Original members Andy Barlow and Lou Rhodes are joined by session musicians Arto Lindsay on guitar, Me'Shell NdegéOcello on bass, and Michael Franti with additional vocal work. Doves guitarist Jimi Goodwin, producers Nellee Hooper and Richard Dorfmeister (one half of Kruder & Dorfmeister) also contributed to the album. The track \"Heaven\" was used constantly on the HBO television series \"Six Feet Under\". A hidden track called \"Blessing in Disguise\" follows a period of silence after the final track. Note: Some editions do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6504392", "score": "0.83922637", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Who'll Stop the Rain (song)", "text": "Who'll Stop the Rain (song) \"Who'll Stop the Rain\" is a song written by John Fogerty and originally recorded by Creedence Clearwater Revival for their 1970 album \"Cosmo's Factory\". Backed with \"Travelin' Band\", it was one of three double-sided singles from that album to reach the top five on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart and the first of two to reach the #2 spot on the American charts, alongside \"Lookin' Out My Back Door\". In 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it #188 on its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list. Lyrically, \"Who'll Stop the Rain\" breaks into three verses, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12056610", "score": "0.83839023", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "For What It's Worth", "long_answer": "\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\" (often referred to as simply \"For What It's Worth\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records in January 1967. The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. This song is currently ranked number 63 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as the eighth best song of 1967 by Acclaimed Music.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\" (often referred to as simply \"For What It's Worth\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records in January 1967. The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. This song is currently ranked number 63 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as the eighth best song of 1967 by Acclaimed Music.", "short_answers": [ "Buffalo Springfield" ] }

[ "October 2003 – present", "2003" ]

[ { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "The Walking Dead debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues and Cliff Rathburn shading the art after issue five. Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7, after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "25: No Turning Back (Issues 145–150) Volume 26: Call to Arms (Issues 151–156) Volume 27: The Whisperer War (Issues 157–162) Volume 28: A Certain Doom (Issues 163–168) Volume 29: Lines We Cross (Issues 169–174) Volume 30: New World Order (Issues 175–180) Volume 31: (Issues 181–186) Michonne Special (March 16, 2012) The Governor Special (February 13, 2013) Free Comic Book Day Special (May 4, 2013) Morgan Special (May 5, 2013) Tyreese Special (October 9, 2013) The Walking Dead: The Alien (April 20, 2016) Here's Negan (April 27, 2016 – July 26, 2017, October 4, 2017 (Hardcover)) Rick Grimes is the main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507562", "score": "0.98827755", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (TV series)", "text": "Issue No. 1 of the original comic and voiced by Phil LaMarr. The site also posted a making-of documentary primarily about the first episode, as well as a number of other behind-the-scenes videos and interviews. In the documentary, comic series creator and show executive producer Robert Kirkman as well as artist Charlie Adlard say they are pleased with how faithful the show is to the comic and remark on the similarities between the actors and the comic's original character drawings. Action figures of characters from the series were created for release in November 2011 and have continued throughout the years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14642320", "score": "0.981899", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "In May of 2018, Image Comics and its imprint Skybound Entertainment, the company that has driven development of \"The Walking Dead\" comic series since 2010, jointly announced \"The Walking Dead Day.\" The fan-oriented event has a scheduled date of October 13, 2018 and will coincide with the release of a \"Walking Dead #1 15th Anniversary Variant Edition,\" with cover art by current series artist Charlie Adlard. A select number of \"The Walking Dead Day\" participating local comic shops become part of the comic's story line, with their own special edition of Adlard's anniversary cover, featuring the store’s logo incorporated into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507559", "score": "0.97372234", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lori Grimes", "text": "was looking through for the latest issue that had just come out and the owner of the comic book store came up to me and said, 'I see you're checking out \"The Walking Dead\",\" she stated. \"It's amazing.' I said, 'Yeah, I'm a huge fan.' And he said, 'You know they're making a television show for AMC. It's supposed to be really good.' I kind of looked at him and I froze. I just went, 'I'll keep an eye out for it.' And I ran out of the store.\" In the comics, Kirkman resolved the love triangle between Lori, Shane,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16335792", "score": "0.9727391", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (TV series)", "text": "writers, along with Kirkman, often \"transfer\" how a character has died in the comics to a different character in the show. For example, in the fourth season, where Hershel Greene is beheaded by The Governor in the standoff with Rick's group at the prison; in the comic, Tyreese is the one who receives this fate. Some of the television characters, like Carol, have far outlived their comic counterpart, while others that have already been killed off, like Sophia and Andrea, remained alive for some time in the ongoing comic series. In addition, the writers have included characters wholly novel to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14642312", "score": "0.9620583", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Revival (comics)", "text": "team. Previews of the first issue were included in \"The Walking Dead\" #99 and alongside five other upcoming comics in Image's 2012 Free Comic Book Day sampler before the first issue was released on July 11, 2012. It had an initial print run of about 18,000 copies and was available with two covers: the standard version by Frison and a 1-in-10 alternate cover by Craig Thompson. As an added incentive to retailers who normally order on a non-returnable basis, unsold copies of qualifying orders could be returned to Image in exchange for a credit to their account. It quickly sold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19336613", "score": "0.9595915", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "the first part of Issue No. 1 of the comic with animation by Juice Films, voice acting by Phil LaMarr and art by Tony Moore. On February 18, 2011, Telltale Games announced plans to create an episodic video game based on the series, which was scheduled to debut in fall 2011 and was released worldwide in April 2012. \"\" consists of five episodes, released between April and November 2012. Additional downloadable content, \"400 Days\", was released in July 2013. Kirkman has said that, unlike typical zombie games such as \"Left 4 Dead\", \"it [focuses] more on characterization and emotion than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507574", "score": "0.9558379", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard. When the television series premiered in October 2010, Image Comics announced \"The Walking Dead Weekly\". The first 52 issues of the series began to be reprinted on January 5, 2011, with one issue per week for a year. The series is periodically re-published in trade paperbacks which contain six issues each, hardcover books with twelve issues and occasional bonus material, omnibus editions of twenty-four issues, and compendium editions of forty-eight issues.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507558", "score": "0.9527255", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Day Will Come When You Won't Be", "text": "The Day Will Come When You Won't Be \"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be\" is the seventh season premiere of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\", which aired on AMC on October 23, 2016. The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple and directed by Greg Nicotero. This episode features the final regular appearances of characters Abraham Ford (Michael Cudlitz) and Glenn Rhee (Steven Yeun), who are both brutally killed by Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan). Glenn's death is reminiscent of his death in the comic book series, where he is killed in virtually the same manner.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19777287", "score": "0.9514071", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "be produced as AMC Originals that continue Rick's story with Kirkman's involvement. A companion television series, titled \"Fear The Walking Dead\", debuted on AMC on August 23, 2015. The series features new original characters, and it is set in the city of Los Angeles, California starting prior to the zombie apocalypse. It explores these new characters as the apocalypse begins. The series was created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson, with Erickson serving as showrunner for the series. AMC ordered the series for a two-season commitment, with the first season consisting of six episodes. AMC released an animated film of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507573", "score": "0.94325435", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "and Gold Foil Version for Compendium 3). Several ancillary books and a special edition have also been published: The Walking Dead (comic book) The Walking Dead is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507580", "score": "0.9410101", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (season 4)", "text": "co-creator Robert Kirkman wrote two episodes of the season. Filming was completed on November 23, 2013. In an interview with showrunner Scott Gimple, he shares: \"The ultimate inspiration for \"The Walking Dead\" is the comic book. Sometimes, we can go far away from the comic book story, but often we ultimately serve the comic book story. And even when we go far away from it, we're inspired by it - and the novels as well. And then beyond that, all of the great stuff that we have consumed along the way, from zombie movies to \"Star Wars\" to other comics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17195725", "score": "0.9380561", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "first began shipping to backers on 7 November 2016. A series of novels based on the comics, written by Robert Kirkman and Jay Bonansinga, were released between 2011 and 2014 focusing on the antagonist \"The Governor\". Taking place in the initial outbreak, the books chronicle his experiences from surviving in the newly ravaged world to the establishment of himself as leader of Woodbury, and finally tying up the conclusion to the prison arc storyline in the comics. Following \"\", Bonansinga continued the \"Walking Dead\" novels as sole author, with Kirkman's name affixed to the title. The series has so far", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507577", "score": "0.9367856", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "on October 31, 2010 with high ratings. On November 8, 2010, after broadcasting two episodes, AMC renewed \"The Walking Dead\" for a second season of 13 episodes, which began on October 16, 2011. The TV show is loosely inspired by the comic, introducing new characters and deviating from the comic in certain plot points. The fifth season premiered on October 12, 2014, with Scott M. Gimple as the show's third showrunner. Gimple has said that he would stay closer in line to the comic book series events \"as much as possible\", but ultimately remix stories with certain characters, referencing original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507571", "score": "0.93584603", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "been assembled into the following collections: The trade paperbacks collect story arcs of six issues each, but contain only the story and none of the original cover art from the comics. Each paperback follows the convention of having a three-word title. The zombies in the cover art for each paperback form part of a larger image if placed end to end. Each story arc is re-released in hardcover books containing two, omnibus editions containing four, and compendiums containing eight story arcs. All hardcovers contain the contents of the comics, including the covers, and in some cases bonus material. The books'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507578", "score": "0.9357938", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (season 6)", "text": "I think a few minor remixes, but some direct stuff from the comic as well, as far as these characters go. I think there's a really cool aspect to the first half of the season that serves almost as a prequel to some direct comic stuff in the second half of the season. I think there's a way that Robert did some of the story that we're reaching that had a real past to it, where people are referring to some things in the past in the comic. And we're able to portray some of that backstory in some ways", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18371406", "score": "0.9313327", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (video game)", "text": "initial episodic series release to commence in the fourth quarter of 2011. During development of the game, Robert Kirkman and the comic publisher Skybound Entertainment worked with Telltale. According to Kirkman, he had previously played Telltale's \"Strong Bad's Cool Game for Attractive People\", and felt that they \"were more focused on telling a good story, and I thought they were good at engaging the player in the narrative.\" Telltale approached him with a proposal which, according to Kirkman, \"involved decision-making and consequences rather than ammunition gathering or jumping over things.\" The proposal's emphasis on the survival aspect of the comics,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15423908", "score": "0.9306128", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "trim size is larger than the paperbacks. Each hardcover contains two story arcs from the series. Signed versions of the books are available, each limited to 310 pieces. Limited omnibus editions collect 24 issues in a slipcase with several extras. The first volume is autographed by Kirkman and Adlard, with 300 copies printed. Subsequent volumes had print runs of 3000 each, along with deluxe limited editions (signed by Kirkman/Adlard) of 300 copies. Softcover compendium editions collect 48 comic issues each. They are also available as limited hardcover editions (Red Foil Version for Compendium 1, Gold Foil Version for Compendium 2,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507579", "score": "0.92928886", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Pretty Much Dead Already", "text": "are leading to that kind of reveal. You don't want people to be expecting it, especially in the \"Walking Dead\". I pride myself in the fact that, when you pick up an issue of the comic, you don't know what's going to happen at any time. So any time we can work that into the show and maintain that in a television environment, it's very exciting for me. I’m glad people are being caught off guard. Other themes prevalent in the episode include Lori's pregnancy. After getting into a heated argument, Rick reveals to Shane about her pregnancy. Although he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16072017", "score": "0.9285172", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "characters introduced to the show and deceased characters alive in the comic book as a reason for this. Robert Kirkman himself has mentioned that the series will follow much closer to the comic series with Gimple's run. With the series' ninth season, which started broadcast in October 2018, Angela Kang was promoted to showrunner with Gimple now in charge of all \"Walking Dead\" properties at AMC. This also was accompanied by the largest deviation from the comics, with the departure of Rick Grimes, played by Andrew Lincoln, from the show, though Lincoln will reprise Rick in three feature-length films to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507572", "score": "0.92314327", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "the cover art. The company also noted that additional limited edition collectibles and festivities would be announced at a future date, prior to the October 2018 event. Volume 1: Days Gone Bye (Issues 1–6) Volume 2: Miles Behind Us (Issues 7–12) Volume 3: Safety Behind Bars (Issues 13–18) Volume 4: The Heart's Desire (Issues 19–24) Volume 5: The Best Defense (Issues 25–30) Volume 6: This Sorrowful Life (Issues 31–36) Volume 7: The Calm Before (Issues 37–42) Volume 8: Made to Suffer (Issues 43–48) Volume 9: Here We Remain (Issues 49–54) Volume 10: What We Become (Issues 55–60) Volume 11: Fear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507560", "score": "0.92193294", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "popularity of the series, which increased considerably when it was adapted into a television series of the same name, artist Tony Moore's original artwork for the series' early issues has gone up in value; on the March 28, 2013 episode of the VH1 reality television series \"For What It's Worth\", Moore's original artwork for Page 7 of issue #1 was professionally appraised to be worth $20,000. AMC picked up the rights to produce a show based on the comic in 2009. It ordered a pilot episode on January 21, 2010 and began filming on May 15, 2010. The series premiered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507570", "score": "0.9165305", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (TV series)", "text": "took over the role of showrunner from Scott M. Gimple, who was promoted to chief content officer for \"The Walking Dead\" franchise. The season starts with a timeskip of about a year and a half from Season 8, which coincides with the comic's narrative after the \"All Out War\" arc. Season nine is the final season on the show for actors Andrew Lincoln and Lauren Cohan. Executive producer David Alpert said in 2014 that the original comics have given them enough ideas for Rick Grimes and company over the next seven years. \"I happen to love working from source material,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14642301", "score": "0.90188956", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "the Hunters (Issues 61–66) Volume 12: Life Among Them (Issues 67–72) Volume 13: Too Far Gone (Issues 73–78) Volume 14: No Way Out (Issues 79–84) Volume 15: We Find Ourselves (Issues 85–90) Volume 16: A Larger World (Issues 91–96) Volume 17: Something to Fear (Issues 97–102) Volume 18: What Comes After (Issues 103–108) Volume 19: March to War (Issues 109–114) Volume 20: All Out War (Part One) (Issues 115–120) Volume 21: All Out War (Part Two) (Issues 121–126) Volume 22: A New Beginning (Issues 127–132) Volume 23: Whispers Into Screams (Issues 133–138) Volume 24: Life and Death (Issues 139–144) Volume", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507561", "score": "0.90114754", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead: The Final Season", "text": "are able to figure out how the last two episodes will be played out, Telltale asked retailers and digital storefronts to pull sales of the game and the season pass. The game and its season pass returned to digital stores in December 2018. During the 2018 New York Comic Con, Robert Kirkman announced that his production company, Skybound Entertainment, would be helping to bring the last two episodes to release. According to Skybound, they have acquired the rights of the game from Telltale, and will be working with former Telltale Games employees who worked on the series to finish off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20260325", "score": "0.8995012", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (season 1)", "text": "it to happen, just because I knew it would be good for the book... I'm certainly not against adaptations, like some creators.\" When Frank Darabont became interested in adapting the comic books for television, Kirkman said it was \"extremely flattering\" and went on to say that, \"He definitely cares about the original source material, and you can tell that in the way he's adapting it. It's an extreme validation of the work... Never in a million years could I have thought that if \"Walking Dead\" were to ever be adapted that everything would be going this well. I think that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133244", "score": "0.89913833", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)", "text": "Hurd recalled that she had heard of the comic before, and upon reading it, felt that it would be great for film. She stated: \"When I first read the book, I thought, 'This would be a great film,' and boy was I wrong. It's a much better TV series. Fast forward, I knew that Frank had initially developed it for NBC, which to me seemed like an odd pairing for this. Then I heard it wasn't going forward at NBC so I talked to Frank.\" On January 20, 2010, AMC officially announced that it had ordered a pilot with Darabont", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15783496", "score": "0.89747214", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "text": "of October 6th, \"Skybound\" founder and Creator of The Walking Dead Comic Series, \"Robert Kirkman\", has announced he will fund the last 2 episodes for he believes its the ending the fans deserves. \"The Walking Dead: The Game\" received widespread critical acclaim, with reviews giving praise for the emotion, characters, and plot. In January 2016, the Kings of War creator Mantic Games announced plans to release a tabletop miniature wargame based on The Walking Dead, named \"The Walking Dead: All Out War\". The miniatures game was funded through the popular crowdfunding site Kickstarter. This product is available for order and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5507576", "score": "0.89611053", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Walking Dead (franchise)", "text": "to do the covers through issue #24.) \"The Walking Dead\" received the 2010 Eisner Award for Best Continuing Series at San Diego Comic-Con International. \"The Walking Dead\" is an American television drama series developed by Frank Darabont. The series stars Andrew Lincoln as sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes, who awakens from a coma to find the world dominated by flesh-eating \"walkers\", resembling the zombies of George A. Romero's horror films. He sets out to find his family and encounters other survivors along the way. \"The Walking Dead\" premiered on October 31, 2010 on the cable television channel AMC in the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16889873", "score": "0.89508986", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)", "long_answer": "The Walking Dead debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues and Cliff Rathburn shading the art after issue five. Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7, after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Walking Dead debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues and Cliff Rathburn shading the art after issue five. Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7, after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard.", "short_answers": [ "2003" ] }

[ "John Ernest Crawford" ]

[ { "title": "Johnny Crawford", "text": "John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, The Rifleman, which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mark McCain", "text": "Mark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series \"The Rifleman,\" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series. However, Dennis Weaver, then portraying Chester Goode on CBS's \"Gunsmoke\", won the honor. Mark McCain was more than just a supporting player in \"The Rifleman\", as the boy's bond with his father was a core element of the show. In many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16285707", "score": "1.1426531", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Mark McCain", "text": "in his son. The emphasis on the father-son relationship also was a result of the popularity of Johnny Crawford's portrayal of Mark and his chemistry with his father. Holly George-Warren recalled, \"I remember me and all my girlfriends having crushes on Johnny.\" Mark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series \"The Rifleman,\" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16285716", "score": "1.0873699", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Rifleman", "text": "Steven Gardner, and Arthur Gardner (related to original producers Levy-Gardner-Laven) as executive producers. The remake project was canceled a few months later, without a pilot episode being made. The TV show was also adapted into a comic book by Dan Spiegle, distributed by Dell Comics. The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5752498", "score": "1.0713208", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Rifleman", "text": "The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. \"The Rifleman\" aired on ABC from September 30, 1958, to April 8, 1963, as a production of Four Star Television. It was one of the first prime time series on US television to show a single parent raising a child. The program was titled to reflect", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5752475", "score": "1.0610759", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Rifleman", "text": "residents of North Fork (played by Hope Summers, Joan Taylor, Patricia Blair, John Harmon, and Harlan Warde). Fifty-one episodes of the series were directed by Joseph H. Lewis (director of 1950s \"Gun Crazy\" and known for his \"film noir\" style). Ida Lupino directed one episode, \"The Assault\". Connors wrote several episodes. Robert Culp (of CBS's \"Trackdown\", another Four Star-produced series), wrote one two-part episode, and Frank Gilroy wrote \"End of a Young Gun\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> MPI Home Video has released \"The Rifleman\" on DVD in Region 1 in a number of versions. It has released single-disc DVDs with five episodes; from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5752494", "score": "1.0415595", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Johnny Crawford", "text": "in live teleplays for NBC's \"Matinee Theatre\", appeared on CBS's sitcom, \"Mr. Adams and Eve\", in the \"Wagon Train\" episode \"The Sally Potter Story\" (in which Martin Milner also appeared) and on the syndicated series, \"Crossroads\", \"Sheriff of Cochise\", and \"Whirlybirds\", and made three pilots of TV series. The third pilot, which was made as an episode of \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\", was picked up by ABC and the first season of \"The Rifleman\" began filming in July 1958. Crawford was nominated for an Emmy Award as Best Supporting Actor, at age 13, for his role as Mark McCain,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5123966", "score": "1.0378599", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Read Morgan", "text": "\"Charlie\" in the episode, \"The General Must Die\", about a foiled attempt to assassinate Union Army General William Tecumseh Sherman in the NBC western series, \"Laramie\". In 1961, he appeared on \"COronado 9\" as \"Mark Sidon\" in the episode \"Flim Flam\". In 1960, he was cast as Clayton in the episode \"A Gun for Willie\" of the CBS anthology series, \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\". That same year, he appeared as Jesse Hobbs in \"Sundance and Usless\" on CBS's \"Hotel de Paree\", with Earl Holliman. In 1961, he played Hob Tyler in the episode \"The Jodie Tyler Story\" of Audie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14229329", "score": "1.0366243", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Peter Whitney", "text": "Heat of the Night\" (1967), \"The Ballad of Cable Hogue\" (1970), and others before becoming well known for his work in television. From the late 1950s, Whitney played character roles in many television series, including nine appearances on ABC's \"The Rifleman\". One of his roles in \"The Rifleman\" was \"Mail Order Groom\" (1960), an episode in which he portrays John Jupiter, a man of great physical strength who must exert patience while he is harassed by two townsmen, played by John Anderson and Sandy Kenyon, who had quarreled with Whitney's intended spinster bride, Isabel Dent, played by Alice Backes (1923–2007).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12491453", "score": "1.0186927", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Chris Alcaide", "text": "Jimmy Hawkins. He appeared as Paul Dodson in \"Annie and the Brass Collar\" and \"The Cinder Trail\" and then as Gil Warren in \"Outlaw Mesa\". These were the first of many television western roles to follow for the then 31-year-old Alcaide. He had also appeared in ten episodes of \"The Rifleman\" playing different characters. Alcaide had \"piercing eyes, a cold stare and an earth-shattering deep voice ... his specialty was menacing such heroes as Lorne Greene (Ben Cartwright), Richard Boone (Paladin), Clint Walker (Cheyenne Bodie), and even Gail Davis (Annie Oakley)\". His favorite role was that as the lead henchman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13146283", "score": "1.0177673", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mark Little (Australian actor)", "text": "much of his career in the UK, living for much of the time near the seafront in Brighton and later north London. He has taken many self-devised shows to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and toured them nationally throughout the UK. In 1994 he replaced Chris Evans as the presenter of \"The Big Breakfast\". He has also narrated cult TV series \"The Villa\" on Sky TV. He has worked on films such as \"Blackball\" and in the West End with his one-man show \"Defending the Caveman\", which also won the Laurence Olivier Award in 2000. He returned to \"Neighbours\" as Joe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3107915", "score": "1.0117421", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chuck Connors", "text": "they should cast Connors in the role of Lucas McCain and make him a better offer, including a five-percent ownership of the show. \"The Rifleman\" was an immediate hit, ranking No. 4 in the Nielsen ratings in 1958–59, behind three other Westerns – \"Gunsmoke\", \"Wagon Train\", and \"Have Gun – Will Travel\". Johnny Crawford, an unfamiliar actor at the time, former Mousketeer, baseball fan and Western buff, beat 40 other young stars to play the role of Lucas's son, Mark. Crawford remained on the series from 1958 until its cancellation in 1963. \"The Rifleman\" landed high in the Nielsen ratings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2727583", "score": "1.0067384", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mark McKinney", "text": "Mark McKinney Mark Douglas Brown McKinney (born June 26, 1959) is a Canadian actor and comedian, best known for his work in the sketch comedy troupe \"The Kids in the Hall\". Following the run of their television series (1989 to 1995) and feature film (\"Brain Candy\"), he was a cast member in \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 1997. From 2003 to 2006, he co-created, wrote and starred in the acclaimed series \"Slings & Arrows\", a TV show about a Canadian theatre company struggling to survive while a crazy genius director haunted by his dead mentor helps the actors find", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4060737", "score": "0.99629056", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "King Donovan", "text": "Michael O'Shea, which aired on NBC from 1954 to 1956. About this time, he also guest starred on Ray Bolger's ABC sitcom, \"Where's Raymond?\" and the NBC sitcom, \"The People's Choice\", with Jackie Cooper. He also guest starred on the David Janssen crime drama, \"Richard Diamond, Private Detective\". He played Mark Dawson in the 1959 \"Maverick\" episode \"Maverick Springs\". He was also in \"\" in the 1959 episode \"Bad Gun\" as the gun dealer Sheridan Appleby, in which he tries to recover a defective pistol that he had sold to an outlaw. He and Steve McQueen rescue a kidnapped senator's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14302007", "score": "0.98984534", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Rifleman", "text": "may have appeared in every episode, but it was not always fired; some plots did not require violent solutions (for example, one involving Mark's rigid new teacher). McCain attempts to solve as many problems as possible without resorting to shooting, yet still manages to kill 120 villains over the show's five-year run. It is notable that McCain almost never carried a pistol. The rifle was an anachronism, as the show was set 12 years before John Browning designed any such rifle. The rifle used on the set of \"The Rifleman\", an 1892 Winchester caliber .44-40 carbine with a standard 20-inch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5752486", "score": "0.9864247", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre", "text": "Ranger Hoby Gilman, \"Johnny Ringo\" (from \"Man Alone\"), starring Don Durant, both on CBS, \"The Rifleman\" (from \"The Sharpshooter\") with Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain on ABC, \"The Westerner\" on NBC (from \"Trouble at Tres Cruces\"), starring Brian Keith as Dave Blassingame, and \"Black Saddle\" (from \"Threat of Violence\") with Chris Alcaide instead of subsequent series star Peter Breck as the gunfighter-turned-lawyer Clay Culhane), also on ABC. In addition, \"\", with Steve McQueen playing the bounty hunter Josh Randall, was a CBS spinoff of \"Trackdown\", and \"Law of the Plainsman\", starring Michael Ansara as a Harvard-educated, Native American U.S. Marshal,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11419312", "score": "0.98505545", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Mark McManus", "text": "Mark McManus Mark McManus (21 February 1935 – 6 June 1994) was a Scottish actor, who also worked in England and Australia. McManus was best known for playing tough Glaswegian Detective Chief Inspector Jim Taggart in the long-running STV television series \"Taggart\" for eleven years from (1983-1994) until his death, McManus was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on 21 February 1935 and moved to Hillingdon, Uxbridge, in London when he was three years old, until he moved again at the age of sixteen to Australia, where he performed in amateur theatre groups that led him to becoming a professional actor.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5820750", "score": "0.98332906", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mark Slade", "text": "name of the patriarch in \"The High Chaparral\". Mark Slade Mark Van Blarcom Slade (born May 1, 1939) is an American actor, artist, and author, particularly remembered for his role of Billy Blue Cannon on the NBC Western television series, \"The High Chaparral\". Born in Salem, Massachusetts, Slade is the son of Elinor (née Van Blarcom) and William A. Slade Jr., a Boston businessman and watercolor artist. Along with his two sisters and a brother, he grew up in the Danvers/Hamilton area of the North Shore. His parents divorced when he was 13, and his stepfather, Esmond R. Crowley Jr.,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6792730", "score": "0.9815545", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mark Goddard", "text": "and mentor Chuck Connors of \"The Rifleman\". Goddard appeared as Norman Tabor in the 1960 episode \"Surprise Party\" of the CBS anthology series \"The DuPont Show with June Allyson\". He was cast as Sheldon Hollingsworth in the 1960 episode \"To See the Elephant\" of the ABC Western series \"The Rebel\", starring Nick Adams. He played Tod Rowland in the 1960 episode \"The Mormons\" on \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\". Goddard also was signed for a role lasting three years and 64 episodes in \"The Detectives\", another series produced by Four Star Television. \"The Detectives\" was a hit series which ran", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4598637", "score": "0.97740805", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Rifleman", "text": "Burrage\"): Edgar Buchanan, Fay Roope, Rhys Williams, Jack Kruschen, Robert Burton, Ralph Moody and Bert Stevens. Several actors also played blacksmith Nels Swenson. More than 500 actors made guest appearances in more than 970 credited roles during the five-year run of the series. Guest stars included veteran actors: John Anderson, Richard Anderson, Whit Bissell, John Carradine, Lon Chaney, Jr., Ellen Corby, Sammy Davis, Jr., John Dehner, Jack Elam, Med Flory, Dabbs Greer, Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr., L.Q. Jones, John Milford, Rex Holman, Agnes Moorehead, Denver Pyle, Lee Van Cleef, and Adam West, most appearing multiple times in different roles. Several then-newcomers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5752480", "score": "0.9757508", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dennis Cross", "text": "including \"Not for the Moment\", \"The Sticking Season\", \"Pacific Monteray Story\", \"Second Best\", and \"The Blue Leaders\", with guest star Ernest Borgnine. The series co-stars included Don Gordon and Ross Elliott. From 1958-1962, Cross appeared in different roles in six episodes of Chuck Connors's \"The Rifleman\" on ABC series. His \"Rifleman\" roles were as Witcherly in \"The Safe Guard\", Ned Dunnell in \"The Gaucho\", Lafe Oberly as \"The Patsy\", Dorn in \"The Hero\", Fance Degnan in \"The Vision\", and Martin in \"The Quiet Fear\". Cross guest starred thirteen times between 1956 and 1969 on CBS's \"Gunsmoke\" with James Arness, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13043805", "score": "0.9713338", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mark Slade", "text": "Mark Slade Mark Van Blarcom Slade (born May 1, 1939) is an American actor, artist, and author, particularly remembered for his role of Billy Blue Cannon on the NBC Western television series, \"The High Chaparral\". Born in Salem, Massachusetts, Slade is the son of Elinor (née Van Blarcom) and William A. Slade Jr., a Boston businessman and watercolor artist. Along with his two sisters and a brother, he grew up in the Danvers/Hamilton area of the North Shore. His parents divorced when he was 13, and his stepfather, Esmond R. Crowley Jr., became a valuable influence on his life. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6792720", "score": "0.97016996", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mark Slade", "text": "in the Army\". In 1966, at the age of 27, he obtained one of his most memorable parts, as Billy Blue Cannon, the blond-haired, blue-eyed son of the ranch patriarch, John Cannon (Leif Erickson) on \"The High Chaparral\", set in the Arizona Territory. The series aired for four seasons. He went on to play Taylor Reed in the 1973 film \"Salty\" and reprised his role in the syndicated adventure series \"Salty\" (1974-1975). Slade's acting career continued into the early 1990s. He made more than 300 appearances on stage, screen, and television. Slade won international recognition and numerous awards for his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6792725", "score": "0.9691456", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mark McCain", "text": "'children's program'...\" \"The Rifleman\" was unique for its time in making its protagonist a widower with a son, and thus burdening him with family responsibilities. This theme became more emphasized as the show developed in its five seasons, not only as a counterpoint to the violence of the show (the F.C.C. began pressuring networks to tone down violence in 1961 ), but to elucidate the theme of the introduction of civilization to the West, as Lucas brings Mark up with a respect for the rule of the law and fair play as part of the process of instilling moral values", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16285715", "score": "0.96911937", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Don Grady", "text": "the area. He graduated from Burbank High School in 1962. His acting credits included several Western series, including John Payne's \"The Restless Gun\", \"Have Gun – Will Travel\", \"Buckskin\", \"Wagon Train\" and \"The Rifleman\", in which he played two roles in the second season. In December 1959, at the age of 15, Grady appeared in two different episodes of CBS's \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre\", having played opposite Joan Crawford and Dick Powell. In \"Rebel Ranger\", he was cast as Rob Faring, the young son of Crawford's character, Stella Faring, a Confederate widow who tries to reclaim her former home", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8668530", "score": "0.9607027", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mark Little (Australian actor)", "text": "who is a stand up comedian and performer in the percussion show \"Stomp\", and Jasper Valentine, a musician and film maker. Together, Mark and Cath Little won Brighton's Festival of Artist's Open Houses, 'Best Open House' Award for Cath Farr's \"The Art of Fun\" in 2008. Mark Little (Australian actor) Mark Little (born 20 October 1959, Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian actor, television presenter and comedian. Little appeared in a string of Australian films and TV series during the 1980s. He also performed his own comedy/performance in Melbourne's burgeoning comedy clubs throughout the eighties. His longest-running television role was as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3107919", "score": "0.96046734", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Mark Rolston", "text": "various animated TV shows over the course of his career. Rolston was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Evelyn Beverly (née Sturm) and Thomas George Rolston, who was a computer programmer. Mark Rolston Mark Rolston (born December 7, 1956) is an American character actor, known for his supporting roles in prolific films such as \"Aliens\", \"Lethal Weapon 2\", \"The Shawshank Redemption\", \"The Departed\" and the \"Saw\" film series. Rolston played PFC M. Drake in \"Aliens\" (1986), Hans in \"Lethal Weapon 2\" (1989), Stef in \"RoboCop 2\" (1990), Bogs Diamond in \"The Shawshank Redemption\" (1994), J. Scar in \"Eraser\" (1996),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4228612", "score": "0.9600291", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mark McCain", "text": "growth, maturation, possible disillusionment. \"The Rifleman\" indeed dealt with Mark’s growing up ... but rather than show a consistent series of bitter trials from Mark’s point of view, the show’s stories often were constructed as lessons in growing up.\" According to Arnold Laven, “… Peckinpah’s departure from the show was based less on philosophical differences than on Peckinpah’s insistence on a level of violence that the producers felt distasteful and unsuited to their concept.” In a \"Playboy Magazine\" interview with Peckinpah published in August 1972, William Murray, in his introduction, said that Peckinpah \"... resigned when \"The Rifleman\" became a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16285714", "score": "0.9589032", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lucas McCain", "text": "Lucas McCain Lucas McCain is a fictional character in the Western television series, \"The Rifleman\", which ran on ABC from 1958 to 1963. A rancher and widowed father with a penchant for using his Winchester firearm as a last resort, the part was portrayed by former athlete-turned-actor Chuck Connors. In the story, Lucas earns enough money from a turkey shoot contest to purchase a ranch near the fictitious town of North Fork in the New Mexico Territory, where, presumably in the 1880s, he dedicates himself to rearing his son, Mark McCain, played by singer/actor and former Mousketeer Johnny Crawford. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11454592", "score": "0.9578123", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Flip Mark", "text": "ABC's \"The Big Valley\", starring Barbara Stanwyck. Mark's final screen roles were on CBS's \"\" as a delivery man (uncredited) and in the episode \"The Bullet\" of ABC's \"The Streets of San Francisco\" starring Karl Malden. Flip Mark Flip Mark (born Philip Mark Goldberg in New York City on December 22, 1948) is an American former child actor, active primarily from 1959-1969. Mark's first role was at the age of ten as \"Flip Rhinelander\" in the 1959 film \"The Journey\", starring Yul Brynner and Deborah Kerr. That same year, he appeared as Robbie Adams in \"Another Day Another Dollar\" of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13256245", "score": "0.9549744", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Johnny Crawford", "long_answer": "John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, The Rifleman, which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer.", "chunked_long_answer": "John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, The Rifleman, which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer.", "short_answers": [ "John Ernest Crawford" ] }

[ "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff" ]

[ { "title": "Daren Kagasoff", "text": "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff [KA-guh-sawf] (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager from 2008 to 2013.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Daren Kagasoff", "text": "Kagasoff decided to become an actor. After deciding to return to Los Angeles, Kagasoff landed the lead role in a local theater production of \"Suburbia,\" a play that the eponymous 1996 film was based upon. After studying acting, he began auditioning for television and film roles. During one of his first auditions, he impressed producer Brenda Hampton so much that she hand-picked him to star as Ricky Underwood in the ABC Family series \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager.\" The show ran for five seasons. It was announced on February 24, 2013 that Kagasoff had been cast as Alex", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12186127", "score": "1.1336899", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "the father, he is willing to be a part of his future child's life, causing Adrian Lee, Ricky's fling for a while to become jealous, especially since Ricky already has his sights on the sweet and virginal Grace Bowman, who was going out with Jack Pappas until he kissed Adrian in front of Grant High School. Much to Adrian's surprise, Grace is not angry at her after a while, and the two girls become friends despite being romantic rivals. Ricky and Ben also compete with each other for Amy's attention and at the end of the season, Amy has her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077117", "score": "1.1320013", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)", "text": "storyline of the show. Kenny Baumann, the actor who plays Ben Boykewich, confirmed that someone would die in the second season of \"Secret Life\". The character would be a \"significant male character\" and the death would be a terrible tragedy. It was later revealed that John Schneider, who portrayed the role as Grace's father, Marshall, left the show due to multiple shows and projects he has. Marshall was written out of the series in \"The Big One\". Actor Brando Eaton was cast as Ashley's new gay sidekick, Griffin, who has a recurring role in the season. Actress Rumer Willis, appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13185770", "score": "1.0954117", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 1)", "text": "Amy Juergens, portrayed by Shailene Woodley. Probably the last girl anyone would expect to suffer such a scandalous event, Amy's world begins to expand as she discovers that virtually every student at her high school deals with some secret or unexpected problems, from the religious good-girl Grace to the tough-kid Ricky and to clingy loving Ben. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series received a mixed reception when it began broadcasting. Many mainstream critics praised the messages presented in the series, although it was also criticized for its direction and writing. \"New York Post\" praised the series for having a set of characters that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12924904", "score": "1.0857365", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "he cheated and also got back with Kathleen. Amy decided to take John away for the weekend. Amy and Ben kiss one last time. Ricky finally is ready to be a dad and married Amy in the season finale. \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" first aired on ABC Family on July 1, 2008. Season 1 began with 11 episodes broadcast from July 1, 2008, to September 9, 2008. After a hiatus, 12 first-season episodes aired January 5, 2009, through March 23, 2009, despite being marketed as season 2, for a total of 23 episodes. The first season was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077127", "score": "1.083192", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season, and spawned a book entitled \"The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens\". In season one, fifteen-year-old Amy Juergens finds out that she is pregnant after having sex at band camp with a handsome and popular boy, Ricky Underwood. Amy first confides in her two best friends Lauren and Madison about it. Amy also tells Ben Boykewich (the guy she started dating after becoming pregnant) the truth, but he is surprisingly supportive and offers to marry her anyway, despite the protests of his friends, Henry and Alice. When Ricky finds out he is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077116", "score": "1.0757372", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", an American television series created by Brenda Hampton, debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday, June 22, 2009 at 8:00PM. Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley, India Eisley, Daren Kagasoff, Francia Raisa, Kenny Baumann, Molly Ringwald, Mark Derwin, Megan Park, and Greg Finley II. Following the first season, Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars. Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character's storyline and eventually departed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13185766", "score": "1.0755774", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "Summer TV. Kenny Baumann was nominated for Choice TV Actor Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Male, Shailene Woodley was nominated for Choice TV Actress Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Female, Daren Kagasoff was nominated for Choice TV Breakout Star: Male and won Choice Summer TV Star Male, and Molly Ringwald and Mark Derwin were nominated for Choice TV Parental Unit. A Gracie Allen Award was awarded to the show for Outstanding Drama in 2009. In 2010, the show was nominated as a Favorite TV Obsession at the 2010 People's Choice Awards; Shailene Woodley won a 2010 Gracie Award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077141", "score": "1.0690107", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Romola Garai", "text": "her performance described as 'astonishing', 'wonderfully impassioned' and 'thrilling'. That same year she had a supporting role in \"Suffragette\" written by \"The Hour\" scribe Abi Morgan, and a leading role in the 90 minute drama \"Churchill's Secret\" opposite Michael Gambon and Lyndsey Duncan for ITV. Garai's recent Radio Drama work for BBC Radio 4 includes \"The Stone Tape\" adapted by Peter Strickland, and the lead in the 9-part thriller \"TRACKS\" by Matthew Broughton. In 2017 she appeared in the Channel 4 miniseries \"Born to Kill\" as Jenny, the mother of a seemingly ordinary 16-year-old schoolboy who appears to harbouring secret", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5786601", "score": "1.0531516", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Luke Zimmerman", "text": "Luke Zimmerman Luke Zimmerman (born September 11, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois, United States) is an American actor, who is best known for his role as Tom Bowman on ABC Family's \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager. Zimmerman was born with Down syndrome. He played Romeo in the play Romeo and Juliet and performed in the 1990 television movie drama \"Daughter of the Streets\", as Andrew, alongside Roxana Zal, Harris Yulin, and John Stamos. In 2007, Zimmerman tried out for the role of Tom Bowman, Grace Bowman's adopted older brother on \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", which began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13678507", "score": "1.0457332", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Megan Park", "text": "Megan Park Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Grace Bowman in the television series \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\". Born in Lindsay, Ontario, Park began her acting career with small parts starting at age 6. She attended Oakridge Secondary School, in London, Ontario. She was also a part of the Original Kids Theatre program. Her first major roles came with a guest spot on the Lifetime series \"Angela's Eyes\" and a minor role in the indie movie \"Charlie Bartlett\". Park completed a guest starring role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12216231", "score": "1.0350649", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)", "text": "in \"The Secret Life\" as Heather, a pregnant girl in the episode \"Knocked Up Who's There?\". She interacted with Ben in a way that got Amy jealous. Actor Austin Stowell was cast as Lauren's new boyfriend, Jesse, who has a recurring role in the season. Their relationship sparks the discussion of interracial dating, as Jesse believes that Lauren is not interested in having sex with him because of his race. On Monday, June 22, 2009, \"Secret Life\" opened its second season with the largest audience so far, posting a series high in Total Viewers with 4.68 million viewers, and second-best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13185771", "score": "1.0344207", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "child, a boy whom her sister, Ashley, names John. Amy decides to keep John, after struggling with the decision over the course of the season. Ricky said he would do anything to take care of his new son, John. In season two, Amy's parents Anne and George are divorced, and Anne even begins dating again, but when she becomes pregnant again, it is revealed that the baby is George's. At the same time, Ashley begins her freshman year at Grant High and resents the legacy Amy has accidentally created as a teenage mother so she befriends a gay classmate named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077118", "score": "1.0335313", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ricky He", "text": "Ricky He Ricky He is a Canadian actor. He known for his role as Adam in the 2018 Disney Channel musical television film \"Freaky Friday\". He was born in Vancouver, Canada after his parents emigrated from China in the early 1990's. He attended a drama program in high school, and once graduated, enrolled at the University of British Columbia. After studying psychology for three years at UBC, he left university to pursue a career in acting. He claimed in an interview that it was at a John Legend concert at Vancouver's Orpheum Theatre was where he knew he wanted to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20855095", "score": "1.0297756", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "to call the doctor, who has them meet her at the hospital as soon as possible. Adrian gives birth to their stillborn daughter. They named her Mercy. Amy and Ricky stayed home and start to make out, until John interrupts because he is hungry. In season four, Amy and Ricky begin to get closer when Amy and John begin to move in with Ricky in his apartment, which is above the butcher shop. Meanwhile, Ashley leaves to go on a road trip with her friend Toby. Grace goes to Didiju and meets a new guy named Daniel who later becomes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077123", "score": "1.0193365", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Anson Williams", "text": "Anson Williams Anson Williams (born Anson William Heimlich, September 25, 1949, in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor, singer and director, best known for his role as gullible but well-intentioned singer Warren \"Potsie\" Weber on the television series \"Happy Days\" (1974–1984), a role for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Williams has since become a prominent television director, working on programs such as \"Melrose Place\" (1992–1999), \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" (1990–2000), \"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\" (1996–2003), \"Lizzie McGuire\" (2001–2004) and \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5148880", "score": "1.0191983", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ricky Sekhon", "text": "Ricky Sekhon Ricky S. Sekhon (born 15 March 1983) is an English actor. Sekhon was born in Southall, London, the son of Punjabi Sikh parents. He has two older sisters. He graduated from the Royal Holloway, University of London in 2004 with a Bachelor of Arts in Drama and Theatre Studies. Sekhon started as an acting member of the National Youth Theatre from 2001 to 2005. He played Osama bin Laden in the 2012 film \"Zero Dark Thirty\". At the time of auditioning, he was not told he was auditioning for Osama bin Laden, though he was aware the role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14456597", "score": "1.0188088", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Philip Anthony-Rodriguez", "text": "\"Madea's Big Happy Family\". He recurred for six seasons as Ruben Enriquez in the ABC Family television series \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\". He played Nelson in film \"The Ode\" and had a guest role on the Disney Channel show \"Hannah Montana\" in 2009 and played Michael Grant in \"Castle\" in 2010. In 2011, he guest-starred on the Disney Channel show \"Shake It Up\" (season 1, episode 18: \"Model It Up\") as designer Napoleon Fontaine and in 2013 on \"Modern Family\" in the episode \"The Big Game\", and in 2014 as Mr. Eloquence on \"Real Husbands of Hollywood\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10725530", "score": "1.0165827", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Rico Yan", "text": "exhibit of an art studio. 1996 marked as a compelling period on Yan's career; he became notable. As a matinee idol he was most charming. In June 1996, Yan played the boy next door character in youth-oriented show \"Gimik\", named Ricky Salveron directed by Laurenti Dyogi shown on The Filipino Channel TFC. The show was about the lives of a solid bunch of juvenile living in an imaginary village that tackles the experiences and fun of being young, alongside Judy Ann Santos, Jolina Magdangal, Giselle Toengi, Mylene Dizon, Patrick Garcia, Diether Ocampo and Marvin Agustin. The show ran tremendously for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7443285", "score": "1.0106938", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Luke Zimmerman", "text": "airing in July 2008. He also appeared on Glee in November 2013. Zimmerman was a student at Performing Arts Studio West. Luke Zimmerman Luke Zimmerman (born September 11, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois, United States) is an American actor, who is best known for his role as Tom Bowman on ABC Family's \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager. Zimmerman was born with Down syndrome. He played Romeo in the play Romeo and Juliet and performed in the 1990 television movie drama \"Daughter of the Streets\", as Andrew, alongside Roxana Zal, Harris Yulin, and John Stamos. In 2007, Zimmerman tried out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13678508", "score": "1.0094304", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jorge Pallo", "text": "Jorge Pallo Jorge Luis Pallo is an American actor of Hispanic descent. He is known for his role as 'Marc Molina' on \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" and for his appearance on \"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\" also appeared in \".\" He also played Ignacio \"Iggy\" Loca on the Syfy channel's \"The Lost Room.\" Born Jorge Luis Christian Pallo in Queens, New York, he of Puerto Rican and Ecuadorian parentage. Pallo was raised by single mother and once aspiring singer Pat Pallo. Though his mother could never figure out how to pursue a career in the entertainment industry, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12298220", "score": "1.0080471", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ricky Campbell", "text": "was convinced to stay. However, in 2012 the actor announced his departure once more. In April 2009 a new character called Ricky was announced and fifteen-year-old actor Ashley Margolis would portray him in his first television role. Actor Sam Attwater played a virtual Ricky, whom he was posing as for online dating purposes. In July 2010 Ricky was put on the departed list on the \"Hollyoaks\" official website. This led fans to believe Margolis had left and his character written out. The next day the serial confirmed that Margolis had gone on temporary leave for a number of months to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13629545", "score": "1.007231", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ricky Norwood", "text": "Ricky Norwood Richard Colin \"Ricky\" Norwood (born 15 November 1986) is a British actor who played Fatboy in the soap opera \"EastEnders\" and its online spin-off \"\". Ricky appeared on \"Celebrity Big Brother 18\" in 2016, finishing as runner-up behind \"Ex on the Beach\" star Stephen Bear. Norwood was born in Tower Hamlets, London, to a Kenyan Indian mother and English father. He lives in Forest Gate. From the age of 12 he attended the Theatre Royal Stratford East's Youth Theatre, and also studied Performing Arts at Barking College. With friends, Norwood started a production company, writing, producing and starring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14314218", "score": "1.005961", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Trevor Jackson (performer)", "text": "Trevor Jackson (performer) Trevor Howard Lawrence Jackson (born August 30, 1996) is an American singer, actor, songwriter, and dancer. He is best known for portraying Kevin Blake on Syfy original series \"Eureka\", Kris McDuffy on Disney Channel's television movie \"Let It Shine\", and Kevin LaCroix on \"American Crime\". Other notable appearances include Broadway musical \"The Lion King\", where he played the Young Simba, and television guest star roles on both \"Cold Case\" and \"Harry's Law\". In 2012, he won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series. In 2018, he starred as the lead of the crime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16579966", "score": "1.004024", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Adrian Martinez (actor)", "text": "García Bernal, and Diego Luna. The film was directed by Matt Piedmont and was released on March 16, 2012. In 2013, Martinez appeared in the biographical comedy film \"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" as Hernando for a supporting role along with Ben Stiller and Kristen Wiig in the lead. Stiller directed the film based on the script by Steve Conrad, which released in North America by 20th Century Fox on December 25, 2013. Later he also starred in the film \"American Hustle\" as Julius along with Christian Bale, Bradley Cooper, Jeremy Renner, Amy Adams, and Jennifer Lawrence. David O.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18906306", "score": "1.0035048", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Glen Wallace", "text": "ITV series \"The Secret\", based on the true-crime book \"Let This Be Our Secret\" about murderer Colin Howell. In December 2016, Wallace joined Scottish soap opera River City as new series regular Grieg Roth. Glen Wallace Glen Wallace (born 5 May 1976) is a Northern Irish actor. He is most notable for playing Malachy Fisher on popular Channel 4 teen soap opera, Hollyoaks from 2007 onwards. He also played Mr Michaels in Wire in the Blood in 2006. He appeared in Casualty, playing Bill Tree in 2005. He played the lead character Guy in Mirror Mirror in 2006. He has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14315043", "score": "0.99999344", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager", "text": "in the season finale with a proposal that he and Kathleen return to live and explore the world. Kathleen is hesitant to accept, not wanting to leave Grace and Tom behind by themselves. Towards the middle of the season, Amy and Ricky begin to date, and everyone is doubtful that Ricky will be faithful. Adrian and Ben decide to get married and the ceremony occurs near the end of the season. In the two-part season finale, Ben and Adrian are living together in their condo and Adrian begins to sense that something might be wrong with their baby. They decide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12077122", "score": "0.99887216", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ricky Kim", "text": "Ricky Kim Ricky Lee Neely, known professionally as Ricky Kim (), is an American model and actor. Ricky Lee Neely was born on June 19, 1981, to a Korean mother and an American father. He grew up in Kansas and Hawaii, and then studied mass communications at Kansas State University, with ambitions of becoming a lobbyist. In 2005 he arrived in South Korea to volunteer and teach English on the side, then left the country to continue traveling around the world. But having made the decision to pursue a career in entertainment, he returned four months later and began handing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17002452", "score": "0.99763983", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ryan Johnson (actor)", "text": "series Hiding, in the hugely popular ABC series Rake opposite Richard Roxburgh and the comedy series Laid. Earlier credits include the popular Network Ten series The Secret Life of Us, and the hugely successful Channel Nine franchise Underbelly. In 2012 Ryan joined the main cast as lawyer Ben Grogan in the second season of the US series Fairly Legal. Ryan’s film credits include the US features Son of the Mask, Ghost Rider and Nest alongside Kelsey Grammer, and the local independent productions All My Friends Are Leaving Brisbane and Monkey Puzzle. Ryan has also worked for Sydney’s prestigious theatre companies,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10616607", "score": "0.9966055", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Daren Kagasoff", "long_answer": "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff [KA-guh-sawf] (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager from 2008 to 2013.", "chunked_long_answer": "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff [KA-guh-sawf] (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager from 2008 to 2013.", "short_answers": [ "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff" ] }

[ "Tim Russert" ]

[ { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of Meet the Press on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Face the Nation", "text": "after \"Face the Nation\"'s competitors, NBC's \"Meet the Press,\" ABC's \"This Week\", and \"Fox News Sunday\" all extended their programs to one-hour. The delay came from dispute among the network's affiliate stations. In 2015, Bob Schieffer, the longest-serving moderator in the program's history, retired after 24 years. He was replaced by John Dickerson on June 7, 2015. On February 22, 2018, CBS announced Margaret Brennan as the new host, replacing John Dickerson who served as moderator for less than three years to let him focus on his anchor duties on \"CBS This Morning\". Brennan is the second female host in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2624362", "score": "1.3923546", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "campaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration. Creator Rountree served as its first host, the program's only female moderator to date. She stepped down on November 1, 1953, and was succeeded by Ned Brooks, who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26, 1965. Spivak became the moderator on January 1, 1966, moving up from his role as a permanent panelist. He retired on November 9, 1975, on a special one-hour edition that featured, for the first time, a sitting president, Gerald Ford, as guest. The next week, Bill Monroe,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442349", "score": "1.3475441", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "14, 2008. Four days after Gregory's first regular broadcast, on December 18, 2008, NBC News political director Chuck Todd was named contributing editor of \"Meet the Press\". Throughout Gregory's tenure as moderator, \"Meet the Press\" experienced significant ratings declines. In the final three months of 2013, the program placed third among the Sunday morning talk shows in total viewership, behind CBS's \"Face the Nation\" and ABC's \"This Week\" for the first time since 1992; it also experienced the lowest ratings in the show's entire history among the key 25-to-54 age viewing demographic during this period. NBC management became uncertain as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442356", "score": "1.2983199", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "a tribute. Mark Whitaker was named by NBC News as the division's Washington D.C. Bureau Chief and was given \"executive oversight\" of \"Meet the Press\". \"NBC Nightly News\" anchor Brian Williams acted as moderator of the first show following the June 15 tribute to Russert, with the same guests and subject matter that Russert was planning for when he died. Following Russert's death, Tom Brokaw was named the interim moderator through the 2008 general elections. Brokaw followed Russert's tradition by signing off with \"We'll be back next Sunday because if it's Sunday, it's \"Meet the Press\"\" (a sign-off that would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442354", "score": "1.2907943", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "previously a weekly panelist like Spivak had been years before, took over as moderator and stayed until June 2, 1984. For the next seven and a half years, the program then went through a series of hosts as it struggled in the ratings against ABC's \"This Week with David Brinkley\". Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb, as co-moderators, followed Monroe for a year, followed by Chris Wallace (who would later to go on to a much longer run as host of the rival program \"Fox News Sunday\") from 1987 to 1988. Garrick Utley, then hosting \"Weekend Today\", concurrently hosted \"Meet the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442350", "score": "1.262774", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "continue to be used by his successors as moderator). In September of that year, the show was presented with limited commercial interruption. On August 10, David Gregory moderated the panel discussion during the second half-hour of the broadcast, while Brokaw anchored the first half-hour from the site of the Summer Olympics in Beijing. The following week on August 17, he moderated the entire broadcast. It was also reported on December 1, 2008, that the December 7 broadcast would be Brokaw's last, with Gregory becoming the new permanent host the following Sunday. David Gregory began his tenure as moderator on December", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442355", "score": "1.2524667", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "the program debuted during what was only the second official \"network television season\" for American television. It was the first live television network news program on which a sitting U.S. President appeared; this occurred on the November 9, 1975 broadcast, which featured Gerald Ford. The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Currently, the hour-long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9:00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442344", "score": "1.2296212", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Emily Rooney", "text": "special correspondent for the program. (She has remained in her role as moderator on \"Beat the Press\".) Rooney had been with the program since 1997. Her final \"Greater Boston\" show as its host was Thursday, December 18, 2014, after 18 years. Before coming to WGBH, Rooney was director of political coverage and special events at Fox Network in New York from 1994 to 1997. Before that, for about one year, she was executive producer of World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, ABC's nightly news program. She also worked at WCVB-TV in Boston from 1979 to 1993, where she served as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9388143", "score": "1.2185038", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "followed by a roundtable discussion or one-on-two interview with figures in adversarial positions, either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators. Originally a half-hour program for most of its history, the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20, 1992, broadcast. The program also features in-depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories (particularly as part of a segment called the \"Data Download\", introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator, which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set). \"Meet the Press\" began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442346", "score": "1.2090342", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Martha Rountree", "text": "Martha Rountree Martha Rountree (October 23, 1911 – August 23, 1999) was an American pioneering broadcast journalist and entrepreneur. She was the creator and first moderator of a public-affairs program, first on radio as \"The American Mercury\" from June 24, 1945, and as \"Meet the Press\" on the NBC television network from November 6, 1947. She is the only female moderator in the seven-decade history of the show. Born in Gainesville, Florida, Martha Jane Rountree was raised in Columbia, S.C. Her father Earl was in sales, at times in real estate, and at other times, selling automobiles, but he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11190291", "score": "1.1621361", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lawrence E. Spivak", "text": "appearance, his wardrobe usually including a bowtie and heavy-rimmed glasses. He first appeared as the one permanent member of the program's panel of reporters, asking the first round of questions. As moderator, he asked the first question of the \"Meet the Press\" guest and then handed off to the other journalists on the panel, which usually totaled four during his 28 years as the host and moderator of the TV program. From 1985 to 1994, Spivak co-produced PBS television programs for the Southern Center for International Studies. Spivak's office was at the Sheraton-Park Hotel in Washington, D.C., which was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9059364", "score": "1.1610072", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Martha Rountree", "text": "to probing questions without prior preparation and for those being interviewed to be held accountable on issues of the day. While still moderating \"Meet the Press\", Rountree also hosted \"Keep Posted\", a discussion program for the DuMont TV network (renamed \"The Big Issue\" after \"The Saturday Evening Post\" withdrew its sponsorship) from 1951 through 1954. In 1953, she sold her shares of \"Meet the Press\" and \"The Big Issue\" to Spivak for $125,000, reportedly after a coin-toss, and left her job at \"Meet the Press\". She returned to television in the summer of 1956 as the moderator of \"Press Conference\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11190295", "score": "1.157504", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bill Monroe (journalist)", "text": "Bill Monroe (journalist) William Blanc \"Bill\" Monroe Jr. (July 17, 1920 – February 17, 2011) was an American television journalist for NBC News. He was the executive producer and fourth moderator of the NBC public affairs program \"Meet the Press\" (1975–84), succeeding Lawrence E. Spivak, the program's co-founder and third moderator. Monroe was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and graduated from Tulane University there in 1942. During World War II, Monroe served in the United States Army Air Forces in Europe. Early in his career, Monroe served as the first news director for WDSU-TV, an NBC affiliate, in his hometown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8617292", "score": "1.1512959", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Face the Nation", "text": "As the first female host of \"Face the Nation\", Stahl became one of the most recognizable female faces on television. She held the position for eight years before stepping down to focus on \"60 Minutes.\" In 1991, Bob Schieffer took over as moderator for Lesley Stahl who held the position for eight years. Under Schieffer, ratings boomed and the program extended its half-hour time frame to a full one-hour. Ratings soared to over 3 million viewers every Sunday, as \"Face the Nation\" surpassed all competitors in the ratings. Schieffer won numerous awards with the program, including two Emmy's for Outstanding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2624360", "score": "1.1501354", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "to the future direction of the program. A new set was introduced on May 2, 2010, featuring video screens and library-style bookshelves; David Gregory would preview the guests to be featured during each week's broadcast using a large video screen. Different, modified intro music was also introduced, with the \"Meet the Press\" theme music in a shorter \"modernized [style]... the beginning repeated with drum beats\" (see \"High-definition broadcasting\" below for additional information). In response to declining viewership, rumors surfaced in August 2014 that Gregory would be replaced as the program's moderator. NBC News President Deborah Turness apparently had held discussions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442357", "score": "1.1472862", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lawrence E. Spivak", "text": "his home. He was widowed in 1983. Spivak died of congestive heart failure at Washington's Sibley Memorial Hospital on March 9, 1994, at the age of 93. Lawrence E. Spivak Lawrence Edmund Spivak (June 11, 1900 – March 9, 1994) was an American publisher and journalist who was best known as the co-founder, producer and host of the prestigious public affairs program \"Meet the Press\". He and journalist Martha Rountree founded the program as promotion for Spivak's magazine, \"The American Mercury\", and it became the longest-running continuous network series in television history. During his 28 years as panelist and moderator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9059365", "score": "1.1447436", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Meet the Press (Australian TV program)", "text": "lasted for some time. The current Network Ten version of the program is now hosted by former Network Ten news presenter Kathryn Robinson and airs on Sunday mornings at 10:30am. It has been running since October 1992. The program’s first guest was the then Prime Minister, Paul Keating. Usually the format includes two guests – a politician and a guest who may be a politician or industry expert. A panel of two journalists join Bongiorno to question the guests on the week's political issues and news. Prior to 2013 the Parliament House bureau chief and political editor Paul Bongiorno shared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10148789", "score": "1.1414438", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Face the Nation", "text": "the program's history, after Lesley Stahl. She conducted numerous interviews with members of the Trump administration, including former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and House Oversight Committee Chairman Trey Gowdy. Margaret Brennan also serves as the network's senior foreign affairs correspondent. Brennan interviewed Vice President Mike Pence in her last episode before maternity leave. The program has been hosted by ten moderators to date, beginning with Bill Shadel. The current moderator, Margaret Brennan has hosted since February 2018. The following is the list of moderators for \"Face the Nation\": The program ran 30 minutes for much of its history. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2624363", "score": "1.1355035", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "with Jon Stewart (host of Comedy Central's satirical news program \"The Daily Show\") to replace Gregory, which Stewart later confirmed in a \"Rolling Stone\" interview, saying, \"My guess is they were casting as wide and as weird a net as they could. I'm sure part of them was thinking, 'Why don't we just make it a variety show? On August 14, 2014, Turness announced that Chuck Todd, NBC's chief White House correspondent, would take over the role of moderator on September 7, 2014. On September 28, 2015, MSNBC premiered MTP Daily, a new weekday spin-off also hosted by Todd. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442358", "score": "1.1326379", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Meet the Press (Australian TV program)", "text": "senior political correspondent, Hugh Riminton, joined the program to share the presenting role with Bongiorno. In 2013, former Network Ten \"Breakfast\" news presenter Kathryn Robinson was announced as the new host of the show. In 2014, the show was put on hiatus and never returned. Meet the Press (Australian TV program) Meet the Press was an Australian Sunday morning talk show focused on the national political agenda, as well as other news, sport, and lifestyle issues since its 2013 relaunch. \"Meet the Press\" was originally a radio and television simulcast between 3DB and HSV-7 in Melbourne. It commenced in 1957,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10148791", "score": "1.1322728", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "Meet the Press Meet the Press is a weekly American television news/interview program broadcast on NBC. It is the longest-running program in television history, though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6, 1947. \"Meet the Press\" specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington, D.C., across the country and even the world on issues of politics, economics, foreign policy and other public affairs, along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis. It originates from NBC's bureau in Washington, D.C. (WRC-TV). The longevity of \"Meet the Press\" is attributable in part to the fact that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442343", "score": "1.1315174", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dan Rather", "text": "Editor of the \"CBS Evening News\" in 2005; his last broadcast was Wednesday, March 9, 2005. He had worked as the anchorman for 24 full years, the longest tenure of anyone in American television history, and for a short time continued to work as a correspondent for \"60 Minutes\". Bob Schieffer, a fellow Texan and host of \"Face the Nation,\" took over Rather's position on an interim basis, with Katie Couric replacing Schieffer in 2006. Since retiring, Rather has spoken out strongly about what he perceives as a lack of courage by American journalists. On January 24, 2006, Rather spoke", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "981241", "score": "1.1170617", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Edward R. Murrow Forum on Issues in Journalism", "text": "debuted in 2006 with former \"Nightline\" host Ted Koppel serving as the keynote speaker and moderator examining the contemporary state of the news business. In 2007 retired CBS News anchor Dan Rather led a panel discussing the coverage of war and conflicts. In 2008 former \"NBC Nightly News\" anchor Tom Brokaw and panelists explored the current state of political coverage. The 2009 panel was headlined by MSNBC’s \"Hardball\" host Chris Matthews, along with former Massachusetts Governor and 1988 Democratic presidential candidate Michael S. Dukakis, and Janet Wu, WCVB-TV’s political reporter discussing the press’ role in encouraging or discouraging people from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15502424", "score": "1.114811", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Meet the Press", "text": "the program continued to be transmitted in 480i standard definition over the NBC network itself. On May 2, 2010, \"Meet the Press\" became the last NBC News program to convert to high definition, and unveiled a new set consisting of large video screens mostly used to display Washington scenery, satellite interview subjects and moderator and subject talking points, along with graphics produced for the format. The following is the list of moderators for \"Meet the Press\": The following is a partial list of notable guests and milestones for the show. In addition to its broadcasts on NBC, \"Meet the Press\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1442360", "score": "1.1130266", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "This Week (U.S. TV program)", "text": "Press\" and its competitors – \"This Week\" and CBS' \"Face the Nation\" – began closing. \"Meet the Press\" posted its lowest ratings since NBC News correspondent David Gregory became moderator in early February of that year, with the February 1 telecast averaging just 3.9 million viewers. \"Face the Nation\" averaged 3.33 million total viewers, while \"This Week\" came in just behind with 3.32 million. \"This Week\" beat \"Meet the Press\" on January 11, when George Stephanopoulos interviewed President-Elect Barack Obama. In 2010, Jake Tapper arranged with Bill Adair to get PolitiFact.com to fact check the statements made by panelists and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4887052", "score": "1.112971", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Author Meets the Critics", "text": "M. McCaffery was the moderator from 1948 to 1951. Faye Emerson had a brief stint as moderator during 1952, during which the show was transferred to prime time. Virgilia Peterson was the moderator during the DuMont run from 1952 to 1954, when the show was broadcast Thursdays at 10pm EST. The DuMont episodes of the series were produced by Phyllis Adams Jenkins (1923-2004), a pioneer in providing serious programming intended for daytime television audiences. She later produced other series, including \"What's the Problem?\", the daytime series \"Home\" featuring Arlene Francis during the 1950s, and Dinah Shore's daytime series during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9056859", "score": "1.1092294", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Washington Week", "text": "one \"National Journal\" reporter would be on the show. This agreement is no longer in effect. Panelists come from various national media organizations. Gwen Ifill was the host from the time Ken Bode was fired in 1999 until her death on November 14, 2016. A successor was not announced immediately. It was Ifill who shortened the name of the program when she took over, as a sign that \"the show would spend more time looking forward.\" On April 20, 2017, WETA announced that Robert Costa of the \"Washington Post\" would become the next moderator of \"Washington Week\". Since its first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4876563", "score": "1.1070598", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "George Stephanopoulos", "text": "programs. However, \"This Week\" beat \"Meet the Press\" on January 11, 2009, when Stephanopoulos interviewed president-elect Barack Obama. In February 2009, the gap between NBC's \"Meet the Press\" and its competitors – CBS' \"Face the Nation\" and ABC's \"This Week\" – began closing. \"Meet the Press\" posted its lowest ratings since NBC's David Gregory became moderator in early February, with the show airing Sunday, February 1, averaging just 3.9 million viewers. \"Face the Nation\" averaged 3.33 million total viewers, while \"This Week\" came in just behind with 3.32 million total viewers. On April 16, 2008, Stephanopoulos co-moderated, with Charles Gibson,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2522357", "score": "1.1053822", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Bob Schieffer", "text": "since 1969, serving as the anchor on the Saturday edition of \"CBS Evening News\" for 20 years, from 1976 to 1996, as well as the Chief Washington Correspondent from 1982 until 2015, and moderator of the Sunday public affairs show, \"Face the Nation\", from 1991 until May 31, 2015. From March 2005 to August 31, 2006, Schieffer was interim weekday anchor of \"CBS Evening News\", and was one of the primary substitutes for Katie Couric and Scott Pelley. Following his retirement from \"Face the Nation\", Schieffer has continued to work for CBS as a contributor, making many appearances on air", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3874935", "score": "1.101609", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Meet the Press", "long_answer": "Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of Meet the Press on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.", "chunked_long_answer": "Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of Meet the Press on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.", "short_answers": [ "Tim Russert" ] }

[ "1955" ]

[ { "title": "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", "text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in Sing Out! magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical \"where?\" and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition. In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the \"Top 20 Political Songs\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", "text": "of the first in May 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana. In 2010, the \"New Statesman\" listed it as one of the \"Top 20 Political Songs\". The song appeared on the compilation album \"Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits\" (1967) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416. Pete Seeger's recording from the Columbia album \"The Bitter and the Sweet\" (November 1962), CL 1916, produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13-33088 backed by \"Little Boxes\" in August, 1965. Pete Seeger's recording of his composition was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9327302", "score": "1.00238", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", "text": "the Mikhail Sholokhov novel \"And Quiet Flows the Don\" (1934), which Seeger had read \"at least a year or two before\". In a 2013 interview, Seeger explained that he borrowed the melody from an Irish lumberjack song with the words 'Johnson says he'll load more hay.' He simply slowed the tune and incorporated it to the lines. Seeger created a song which was subsequently published in \"Sing Out\" in 1962. He recorded a version with three verses on \"The Rainbow Quest\" album (Folkways LP FA 2454) released in July 1960. Later, Joe Hickerson added two more verses with a recapitulation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9327301", "score": "0.96123636", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pete Seeger", "text": "A prolific songwriter, his best-known songs include \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\" (with Joe Hickerson), \"If I Had a Hammer (The Hammer Song)\" (with Lee Hays of the Weavers), and \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", which have been recorded by many artists both in and outside the folk revival movement and are sung throughout the world. \"Flowers\" was a hit recording for the Kingston Trio (1962); Marlene Dietrich, who recorded it in English, German and French (1962); and Johnny Rivers (1965). \"If I Had a Hammer\" was a hit for Peter, Paul and Mary (1962) and Trini Lopez (1963) while the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1274078", "score": "0.9283401", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Farewell, Angelina", "text": "reading of \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone\". The cover photo was taken by Richard Avedon. In the UK the title song was issued as a single on Fontana Records. The 2002 reissue of the album by Vanguard features three previously unreleased additional tracks from the \"Farewell, Angelina\" sessions: \"One Too Many Mornings\", \"Rock, Salt, And Nails\", and \"The Water Is Wide\". In a retrospective summary for Allmusic, Bruce Eder commented on how Baez was expanding along with the folk-rock of the 60s. He felt that in addition to Baez, the album contained good work by Langhorne and Richard Romoff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5353520", "score": "0.8850628", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Marlene Dietrich", "text": "never been sung with such passion, and in her hands 'Where Have All the Flowers Gone?' is not just another anti-war lament but a tragic accusation against us all.\" Francis Wyndham offered a more critical appraisal of the phenomenon of Dietrich in concert. He wrote in 1964: \"What she does is neither difficult nor diverting, but the fact that she does it at all fills the onlookers with wonder … It takes two to make a conjuring trick: the illusionist's sleight of hand and the stooge's desire to be deceived. To these necessary elements (her own technical competence and her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1290539", "score": "0.8840257", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Guy Davis (musician)", "text": "even on a Windham Hill collection of choral music, and alongside performers like Bonnie Raitt, Jackson Browne, and Bruce Springsteen for a collection of songs written by his friend, legendary folksinger, ‘Uncle’ Pete Seeger, called, \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone\". However, easily the proudest recording project he’s been involved with is the one produced by his friend Larry Long, called \"I Will Be Your Friend: Songs and Activities for Young Peacemakers\", in which Davis contributed the title track. It's a CD collection of enriching songs combined together with a teacher’s aid kit to help teach diversity and understanding. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7648723", "score": "0.8781147", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Kingston Trio", "text": "McKuen (\"Ally Ally Oxen Free\", \"The World I Used to Know\") and Billy Edd Wheeler (\"Reverend Mr Black\"). Best of all, in 1962 they introduced listeners to one of the most poignant songs ever written, the anti-war ballad \"Where Have All The Flowers Gone?\" by Pete Seeger, formerly with the Weavers. Further, Peter Dreier points out that \"the group deserves credit for helping to launch the folk boom that brought recognition to older folkies and radicals like Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, and for paving the way for newcomers like Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Phil Ochs, who were well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2820524", "score": "0.8608496", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "A. P. Carter", "text": "called \"Keep on the Sunny Side\". On her 2008 album \"All I Intended to Be\", Emmylou Harris includes the song \"How She Could Sing the Wildwood Flower\", co-written with Kate and Anna McGarrigle, about the relationship between A.P. and Sara, inspired by a documentary that the three of them saw on television. The song \"When I'm Gone,\" written by A.P. Carter and performed by the Carter Family in 1931, had been revived in 2009 when Lulu and the Lampshades created a reworked version using the cup game as percussion, titled \"Cups (When I'm Gone),\" which in turn was famously covered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1770431", "score": "0.84963375", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Where Has Love Gone? (song)", "text": "Where Has Love Gone? (song) \"Where Has Love Gone?\" is a 1990 single from former Frankie Goes to Hollywood singer Holly Johnson. It was released as the lead single from the 1991 album \"Dreams That Money Can't Buy\". The song was written solely by Johnson and produced by Andy Richards. Released as the lead single from the \"Dreams That Money Can't Buy\" album, the single only peaked at #73 in the UK for a total of two weeks. Around the time of the release, Johnson's relations with MCA had declined after Johnson had discovered that no promotion budget has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13811937", "score": "0.8476789", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Where Has Tommy Flowers Gone?", "text": "Where Has Tommy Flowers Gone? Where Has Tommy Flowers Gone? is a play by Terrence McNally. \"Where Has Tommy Flowers Gone?\" premiered at the Yale Repertory Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut, on January 7, 1971. Directed by Larry Arrick, the cast featured Robert Drivas as Tommy Flowers, Barbara Damashek, James Naughton and Henry Winkler. The play next was produced at the Berkshire Theatre Festival, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, on August 11, 1971. The play opened Off-Broadway at the Eastside Playhouse on October 7, 1971 and closed on December 12 after 78 performances. It was directed by Jacques Levy and the cast featured Robert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15758707", "score": "0.84481156", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Where Have All the Good Times Gone", "text": "Where Have All the Good Times Gone \"Where Have All the Good Times Gone\" is a song written by Ray Davies and performed by the Kinks. It was released as the B-side to \"Till the End of the Day,\" and then on their album \"The Kink Kontroversy\" (1965 UK, 1966 US). Ray Davies said, \"We'd been rehearsing 'Where Have All the Good Times Gone' and our tour manager at the time, who was a lot older than us, said, 'That's a song a 40-year-old would write. I don't know where you get that from.' But I was taking inspiration from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6447837", "score": "0.8437258", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Where Have You Been (All My Life)", "text": "album. Where Have You Been (All My Life) \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" was first released by Arthur Alexander in 1962, with \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)\" as the B-side, on Dot Records (London Records in the UK). Alexander biographer Richard Younger describes the song as \"a classic example of sixties pop songwriting that captures the thrill of first love.\" \"Billboard Magazine\" described the song as \"an emotion-packed theme with solid female chorus work,\" and also praised the feeling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18122877", "score": "0.83528656", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song)", "text": "lights that are burned out, that symbolize their current relationship. Lambert got the inspiration to write the song from a personal experience. \"I had some flowers that I got for Valentines Day in a vase on the kitchen table. I was going on the road so I had to throw them in the yard. They were just laying there and it was a really sad image. The song came to me right away and was one of those ones that kinda wrote itself.\" The song was well-received with critics, garnering numerous positive reviews. The Slant Magazine spoke positively of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13315573", "score": "0.8338207", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Terry Tufts", "text": "south away from home and buried him in school A flower pulled out by the roots, a hunter without tools. CHORUS It’s not the sharpness of the blade, It’s how much light it throws It’s more the way the wisdom’s used Than just how much one knows Why would you pick the perfect flower When you could have watched it grow? A worthless act, a waste of life When you pluck the Arctic Rose And then the warm came creeping and the restlessness took hold Calling back to older ways, the path deep in his soul And when his hopes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8704904", "score": "0.8265457", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Remembrance poppy", "text": "were the first flowers to grow in the churned-up earth of soldiers' graves in Flanders, a region of Belgium. It is written from the point of view of the dead soldiers and, in the last verse, they call on the living to continue the conflict. The poem was written by Canadian physician, John McCrae, on 3 May 1915 after witnessing the death of his friend, a fellow soldier, the day before. The poem was first published on 8 December 1915 in the London-based magazine \"Punch\". In 1918, Moina Michael, who had taken leave from her professorship at the University of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6430457", "score": "0.82385445", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Where Have You Been (All My Life)", "text": "Where Have You Been (All My Life) \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" was first released by Arthur Alexander in 1962, with \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)\" as the B-side, on Dot Records (London Records in the UK). Alexander biographer Richard Younger describes the song as \"a classic example of sixties pop songwriting that captures the thrill of first love.\" \"Billboard Magazine\" described the song as \"an emotion-packed theme with solid female chorus work,\" and also praised the feeling Alexander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18122873", "score": "0.82193565", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Dead Flowers (The Rolling Stones song)", "text": "Dead Flowers (The Rolling Stones song) \"Dead Flowers\" is a song written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the rock band the Rolling Stones, appearing on their 1971 album \"Sticky Fingers\". Recording of \"Dead Flowers\" took place in April 1970 at the Olympic Studios in London. The lyrics to the song are notably dark, and feature the line, \"I'll be in my basement room, with a needle and a spoon\", a reference to injecting heroin. \"Dead Flowers\" was written during the period when the Stones were stepping into country territory, when Richards's friendship with Gram Parsons was influencing his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8256855", "score": "0.821411", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Where Has Love Gone? (1981 film)", "text": "Where Has Love Gone? (1981 film) Where Has Love Gone? (, lit. \"Where Are You, Love?\") is a 1980 Soviet musical drama film written and directed by Valeriu Gagiu starring Sofia Rotaru as well as Valeriu Gagiu and Evgueny Menishov. The movie features songs performed by Sofia Rotaru, sequence of substantial dialogues. The setting includes Moldavian landscape and countryside life as well as Black Sea coast, Chişinău and Odessa. Although heavily criticized by cinema experts, even by Sofia Rotaru herself, the film gathered more than 25 million viewers in the former Soviet Union. In 2002, the official video version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11587978", "score": "0.82008696", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Flowers & Football Tops", "text": "Flowers & Football Tops \"Flowers & Football Tops\" is a song by Scottish Indie rock band Glasvegas, taken from their self-titled debut album. The song first appeared in a different recording as the B-side to the band's second single release \"Daddy's Gone\" in November 2007 on Sane Man Records, and was rerecorded and released as a single in the UK on 23 February 2009. The song was written and composed by the band's singer and guitarist James Allan, who explained that the song is about the murder of Kriss Donald to \"The Daily Record\": \"Sometimes when you read things or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12897270", "score": "0.8198874", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "There's a Hole in My Bucket", "text": "became even more widespread when it was included in the famous Wandervogel songbook \"Der Zupfgeigenhansl\" in 1909. In George Korson's \"Pennsylvania Songs and Legends\" (1949) there is a song with meter closer to the modern English version and beginning thus: This was collected in 1940, and is earlier than any known English-language version. This suggests that it might be a traditional \"Pennsylvania Dutch\" (i.e. German) song. Ed McCurdy recorded it in 1958 on \"Children's Songs\". Harry Belafonte recorded it with Odetta in 1960. It was in the UK charts in 1961. In his book \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6576841", "score": "0.8153708", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Where Has Love Gone? (song)", "text": "a lacklustre swansong. Both \"Across the Universe\" and \"Where Has Love Gone?\" come across as half-formed synth dance workouts, their elevation to single status baffling. Johnson is said to have wanted \"Penny Arcade\" as a 45, and its staccato energy (shades of ABC) is infinitely more suited to daytime radio play.\"\" Where Has Love Gone? (song) \"Where Has Love Gone?\" is a 1990 single from former Frankie Goes to Hollywood singer Holly Johnson. It was released as the lead single from the 1991 album \"Dreams That Money Can't Buy\". The song was written solely by Johnson and produced by Andy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13811943", "score": "0.813957", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "And Quiet Flows the Don", "text": "libretto adapted by his brother Leonid. Premiered in October 1935, it became wildly popular after Stalin saw and praised it a few months later. The opera was proclaimed a model of socialist realism in music and won Dzerzhinsky a Stalin Prize. The lyrics for the folk song \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\" by Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson were adapted from a cossack folk song mentioned in \"And Quiet Flows the Don\". And Quiet Flows the Don And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don (, literally \"Quiet Don\") is an epic novel in four volumes by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4091720", "score": "0.80897397", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd", "text": "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" is a long poem in the form of an elegy written by American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892) in 1865. The poem, written in free verse in 206 lines, uses many of the literary techniques associated with the pastoral elegy. It was written in the summer of 1865 during a period of profound national mourning in the aftermath of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Despite the poem being an elegy to the fallen president, Whitman neither mentions Lincoln by name nor discusses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6046208", "score": "0.8043442", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Where Has Love Gone? (song)", "text": "was \"Where Has Love Gone? (G.T.O. Mix)\" and \"Where Has Love Gone? (Dreaming Mix)\". This release featured altered artwork, whilst still maintaining the basis of the main artwork's design. The CD version featured the album/7\" vinyl version of the a-side, the b-side and the \"Where Has Love Gone (The Search For Love Mix)\". The single's b-side \"Perfume (Aromatherapy Mix)\" had originally appeared on the 1989 remix album \"Hollelujah\". A music video was created for the single, which featured shots of Johnson performing the song, amongst other clips of various characters and scenes, mainly focusing on different scenes in a playground-like", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13811939", "score": "0.7994112", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud", "text": "view daffodils in Cumbrian gardens including Dora's Field, which was planted by Wordsworth. In 2013 the event was held in March, when unusually cold weather meant that relatively few of the plants were in flower. April, the month that Wordsworth saw the daffodils at Ullswater, is usually a good time to view them, although the Lake District climate has changed since the poem was written. In 2004, in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the writing of the poem, it was also read aloud by 150,000 British schoolchildren, aimed both at improving recognition of poetry, and in support of Marie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2846298", "score": "0.7991668", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ellen Palmer Allerton", "text": "favorite white flowers provided by her close friends. Her husband died at age 81 on November 9, 1912, and was interred at Hamlin. Chiseled on the back of Allerton’s gravestone are the last seven lines from her poem, \"Beautiful Things\". \"Beautiful twilight at set of sun,<br> \"Beautiful goal with race well won,<br> \"Beautiful rest with work well done.<br> \"Beautiful graves where grasses creep,<br> \"Where brown leaves fall, where drifts lie deep,<br> \"Over worn-out hands! Ah, beautiful sleep.\" Ellen Palmer Allerton Ellen Palmer Allerton (October 17, 1835 – August 31, 1893) was an American poet whose inspiration probably came from her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16924382", "score": "0.79657817", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "She Wouldn't Be Gone", "text": "if he had tried to keep her (by bringing her flowers, watching sunsets with her, and paying attention to her needs), thinking \"maybe she wouldn't be gone\". Co-writer Cory Batten came up with the song's opening line (\"Red roadside wildflower, if I had only picked you / Took you home and set you on the counter / Oh, at least a time or two / Maybe she'd have thought it through\") after seeing a patch of red wildflowers outside his window. Co-writer Jennifer Adan said that she wanted the song's narrator to have a \"feeling of desperation\" by realizing after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12611152", "score": "0.7921454", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Mary Hale Woolsey", "text": "Garden, A Lovely Garden\" and \"When O'er the Valley the Shadows are Gray\". As well as song lyrics, Woolsey wrote fiction books. She also sold stories to magazines, and for some time worked with a newspaper in Hollywood. Woolsey died on December 6, 1969 in Santa Monica, California. She was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery. Mary Hale Woolsey Mary Hale Woolsey (March 21, 1899 – December 6, 1969) was an American songwriter and lyricist. She is most noted for the lyrics she wrote for \"When It's Springtime in the Rockies\". Mary Elizabeth Hale Woolsey was born on March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19549381", "score": "0.79045796", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Das Lied von der Erde", "text": "over the fine flowers strewn. The sweet fragrance of flower has passed; A cold wind bows their stems low. Soon will the wilted, golden petals of lotus flowers upon the water float. My heart is tired. My little lamp expired with a crackle, minding me to sleep. I come to you, trusted resting place. Yes, give me rest, I have need of refreshment! I weep often in my loneliness. Autumn in my heart lingers too long. Sun of love, will you no longer shine to gently dry up my bitter tears? </poem> <poem> Mitten in dem kleinen Teiche Steht ein", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2536438", "score": "0.7876056", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", "long_answer": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in Sing Out! magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical \"where?\" and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition. In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the \"Top 20 Political Songs\".", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in Sing Out! magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical \"where?\" and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition. In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the \"Top 20 Political Songs\".", "short_answers": [ "1955" ] }

[ "Henrichenburg", "Duisburg" ]

[ { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "(German: Rhein-Herne-Kanal) is a 45.6-kilometre-long (28.3 mi) transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine (51°26′59″N 6°46′1″E / 51.44972°N 6.76694°E / 51.44972; 6.76694) with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (51°37′1″N 7°19′19″E / 51.61694°N 7.32194°E / 51.61694; 7.32194), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship was designed specifically for this canal; normally of about 1300–1350 ton capacity, it has a", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "mine. It is located at kilometer 38 of the canal, just upstream of the Herne Ost lock, on the north bank opposite the Hafen der Zeche Friedrich der Große (Frederick the Great mine port). The harbor basin was built from 1897 to 1898 when the section of the canal (the then branch channel of the Dortmund-Ems Canal), was already flooded. In 1912, at the colliery port handled 360,096 tonnes of goods. In 1913 the docks expanded. Because of mining subsidence by 1954 the quaywall had to be increased by . In the 1980s, it was leased to \"Automobil- und Motorbootsport-Club", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996644", "score": "1.2263464", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "is operated which is linked to the tracks of the Deutsche Bahn Formerly the port dealt mainly with coal and mining products, now the port is a major hub for petroleum products and second-largest inland port for cereals in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is operated by the \"Gelsenkirchener Logistik-, Hafen- und Servicegesellschaft\" (Gelsenkirchener logistics, harbour and service company.) a subsidiary of \"Stadtwerke Gelsenkirchen\". Hafen Grimberg (Port Grimberg) is on the south canal bank in Gelsenkirchen, near the city boundary to Herne. It was named after the nearby Castle Grimberg, of which today only the foundations remain. Built in 1914 by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996639", "score": "1.1972071", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia Herne () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area directly between the cities of Bochum and Gelsenkirchen. Like most other cities in the region, Herne (ancient Haranni) was a tiny village until the 19th century. When the mining of coal (and possibly ore) and the production of coke (the fuel processed from the harvested coal) and steel began, the villages of the Ruhr area slowly grew into towns and cities because of the influx of people, mostly from the East (Germany as well as East-Prussia, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Poland and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518459", "score": "1.1898792", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "to more densely populated and developed areas like Essen [Krupp Werke] and Wuppertal, which were almost totally erased. Herne was probably targeted because of the many coal mines as well as the Rhein-Herne Kanal with two double chambered locks (a total of four chambers) at that time, within the city-confines of Herne and at the Northern edge. The Canal was the major mode of transportation for coal and coke from the many coal mines in the area to the factories for iron ore to be processed into steel (Blau-Stahl) and coal being transported along the inter-connecting waterways in all other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518465", "score": "1.1776638", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "water area of with associated dock-land of The dock handles bulk goods such as solid mineral fuels, petroleum and chemical products, stone, earth and iron and steel as well as recyclable materials, and is an important transhipment point. The port of the city of Gelsenkirchen (Stadthafen Gelsenkirchen) was opened in July 1914 and is the oldest port on the Rhine–Herne Canal. The port has two docks branched from the canal situated just east of the lock at Gelsenkirchen and has a water surface of . The industrial port is ~ and the trading port ~. A private railway of length", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996638", "score": "1.1648204", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "beyond, even Italy and Spain), looking for, and finding, work. Herne is located on the direct axis between Bochum to the South and Recklinghausen to the North, Münster yet further North; Gelsenkirchen to the West and Castrop-Rauxel and Dortmund to the East. The physical border between Herne and Recklinghausen in fact is, and has been for a long time, the bridge at the Bochumer Strasse across the Rhine-Herne Canal (the South shore of the Canal is Herne, the North shore is Recklinghausen). A little further North of the Canal flows the Emscher River, which was a major known location because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518460", "score": "1.1590748", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "gardens, win prizes in shooting galleries or tombolas, or enjoy traditional and new rides like roundabouts, ghost trains and all sorts of high-tech delights. One of the main attractions is the 60-metre high big wheel that is the largest movable one in the world. Famous Hernians or Wanne-Eickelians include \"Herne-West\" is a mockery name of the football club Schalke 04, most commonly used by the fans of Borussia Dortmund. Herne, Germany is twinned with: Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia Herne () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area directly between the cities of Bochum and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518469", "score": "1.1556895", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen", "text": "Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen The Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen GmbH (\"literal:\" \"Wanne and Herne railway and port company Ltd.\") (abbr. WHE) is a railway and canal port operating company based around the Rhine-Herne Canal in the Ruhr area of Germany The port's history begins in the first decade of the 20th century with the building of the Rhine-Herne Canal. On 14 July 1905 the company \"Kanalhafen Wanne-Gelsenkirchen-Land\" is born, with the aim of making a coal port for the surrounding mines on the canal. In 1913 the nearby town of Herne also participates in the project and the companies name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13143649", "score": "1.1555295", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "rail and river) centre working in association with other companies. The Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen GmbH (WHE) operates both the remaining canal side docks and the associated railway. The Osthafen Wanne (Port Wanne east) are also operated by the WHE; the ports and rail link serves a major scrap metal works. Originally the city of Recklinghausen had no access to the canal; through an exchange of land with the city of Herne the city gained access to the canal. In recent decades, the port was abandoned. However through the actions of the company 'United Mills' grain shipments were made using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996642", "score": "1.1352366", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "a mobile crane. Since late 2007, the port has expanded and a grain loading plant installed: new mills and silos have been installed. The Hafen der Zeche Friedrich der Große (Frederick the Great mine port) is directly south of the Port of the King Ludwig mine, as of 2009 the port is the site of an industrial estate named the \"Industriegebeit Friedrich der Große\". The harbour which is cut parallel to the canal is still extant, but without fixed infrastructure, cranes etc. The Hafen der Zeche König Ludwig served the coal transported from, and deliveries to the former King Ludwig", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996643", "score": "1.1253952", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "and performed. The Oberhausen marina is a yacht port opened in 2004 in close proximity to the CentrO shopping centre. The port has a water depth of and over 13 bridges. Also at the Oberhausen marina are the attractions Sealife Oberhausen and Oberhausen Modellbahn World. The Stadthafen Essen (City port of Essen) is the youngest port on the Rhine–Herne Canal opened in 1934 by the city of Essen, and operated since 1987 by \"Stadtwerke Essen\". The port consists of a doubled sided canal side quay together with a harbour port at right angles onto the canal, which together form a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996637", "score": "1.1194005", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "ore ended. Such was the emphasis on iron ore that much of the port now stands empty, part of it nowadays is used for the processing of recycled materials for the building industry, as well as a storage facility. Like many other the port of Westhafen Wanne (Wanne west harbour) was originally built for the mutual benefit of the mines and canal, with a railway connecting the two. Today the quayside still has coal traffic and associated industries. The docks of the port at Wanner West were filled in to make room for the \"Güterverkehrszentrum Emscher\" - a logistics (road,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996641", "score": "1.1043391", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kreuz Herne", "text": "Kreuz Herne The Kreuz Herne (German: Kreuz Herne) is a Windmill interchange with two cloverleaf links in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia. The motorway interchange forms the connection between the A43 Kreuz Münstter-Süd-Kreuz Wuppertal-Nord and the A42 Kreuz Kamp-Lintfort-Kreuz Catrop Rauxel--Ost . The motorway interchange in the city district Mitte in Herne, Nearbe city districts are Herne-Eickel, Mitte and Baukau. The interchange is approximately 20 km west of Dortmund, Approximately 8 km north of Bochum and 15 km northeast of Essen. Northwest of the interchange lays the Kraftwerk Herne the powerstation for the city. In 1968 the motorway interchange and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19171659", "score": "1.1035213", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "of the former abundance of wild horses that were caught in the Emscher Valley (Emschertal), then sold and/or traded at the yearly horse market at Crange, which later developed into the \"Cranger Kirmes\", now a World renowned Fair and the largest family kermess in Germany. After World War II Herne was known as \"Die Goldene Stadt\" (The Golden City) because of the comparatively limited damage suffered during World War II. Present-day Herne includes the former settlements of Haranni, originating at the South end of the Bahnhofstrasse and just across the Evangelische Hauptkirche Herne (main Lutheran Church—seems to be called \"Kreuzkirche\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518461", "score": "1.0991666", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "directions, to be used for industrial as well as domestic use. In particular, the Bridge across the Rhine-Herne Canal closest to the easternmost double-chambered lock and the wharf (for repair of damaged Canal-going vessels) on the North shore, was hit and taken out, so that there was no connection across the Canal at that location (at the time, the Street there was known as Ludwig-Strasse but has been renamed since to Pöppinghauser Strasse). The locks have been renovated, each of those two double-chambered locks having been combined into just one single-chambered lock each, albeit considerably larger chambered, to accommodate much", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518466", "score": "1.0921824", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia", "text": "12th centuries and were later integrated at one time or another into the city of Herne. In 1860 the first of a number of many coal mines started operating. In the following thirty years the population increased twentyfold. For the first time, Herne would be called a city. The same process took place in Wanne and Eickel, the two of which merged in 1926 to form the new city of \"\"Wanne-Eickel\"\". In 1975 Wanne-Eickel, by then a city with over 70,000 inhabitants, was incorporated into Herne, which had a population considerably larger than \"\"Wanne-Eickel\"\" at that point in time. Herne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518463", "score": "1.081324", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Herzogenrath", "text": "was dominated by coal mines and a nearby coking plant. While some remains of the mining industry still form parts of the landscape in the form of overgrown slag heaps, today's Herzogenrath has moved into other industries. Large-scale employers include Saint-Gobain, Aixtron, Vetrotex (textile glass) and Ericsson Eurolab (electronics). The city hosts a number of electronics start-ups, profiting from the neighbouring Technical University RWTH Aachen. Herzogenrath Herzogenrath (Ripuarian: \"Herzeroa\"; ; or \"’s-Hertogenrade\") is a municipality in the district of Aachen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It borders the Dutch town of Kerkrade, the national border in one section", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4633320", "score": "1.0364969", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "\"Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks AG\" (GBAG) to provide a link to the GBAG mines of \"Rheinelbe\", \"Alma\" and \"Pluto\" as well as supplying the ironworks of 'Schalker group' with imported ore. Around the same time, and up to 1929 the industrial railway of \"Erzbahn\" was built, serving the Schalker and Bochum group iron and steelworks. Between 1937 and 1968 Grimberg harbour was one of the major ports on the canal. In 1968 steel production at the southern end of the Erzbahn at Bochum ended, in 1982 the Schalker works closed - with this the use of the port for transport of iron", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996640", "score": "1.0258169", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Kreuz Herne", "text": "Cloverleaf interchange. Approzimately 155,000 vehicles use the interchange on a daily basis. Kreuz Herne The Kreuz Herne (German: Kreuz Herne) is a Windmill interchange with two cloverleaf links in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia. The motorway interchange forms the connection between the A43 Kreuz Münstter-Süd-Kreuz Wuppertal-Nord and the A42 Kreuz Kamp-Lintfort-Kreuz Catrop Rauxel--Ost . The motorway interchange in the city district Mitte in Herne, Nearbe city districts are Herne-Eickel, Mitte and Baukau. The interchange is approximately 20 km west of Dortmund, Approximately 8 km north of Bochum and 15 km northeast of Essen. Northwest of the interchange lays the Kraftwerk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19171661", "score": "1.0254557", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Heringen", "text": "Heringen Heringen (Werra) is a small town in Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in eastern Hesse, Germany lying right at the boundary with Thuringia. The nearest major towns and cities are Bad Hersfeld (28 km to the west), Eisenach (30 km to the northeast) and Kassel (80 km to the north). The town lies on the river Werra, surrounded by outliers of the Thuringian Forest, the Seulingswald and the Anterior Rhön, all mountain or hill ranges. The lowest point in town is found on the Werra floodplain at 210 m above sea level. The highest point within town limits is the Lehnberg at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5879321", "score": "1.0251747", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "east is brought in through the Datteln-Hamm Canal. In 1980 the current sluicegate was completed, including a under-gate and control platform, which has now become a visible yellow landmark in the Ruhr landscape. The intended harbour of the old lock is today underwater and part of the foundations of the canal walls. This harbour was meant to be a possible spot for the eventual significant reconstruction of the lock, but it was never used for this purpose. A possible reconstruction of the sluice gate was commissioned in 1914 with the canal opening. Instead of the old sluice of in length", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996635", "score": "1.024829", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "text": "coal with the help of two gantry cranes. Port Rütgers (Hafen Rütgers ) is the port of Rütgers Chemicals (founded by Julius Rütgers) and is about upstream of the Port Victor on the east side of the canal after the canal makes a slight bend to the north. The main product dealt with here is pitch obtained from coal tar from the refining of coal. The port has a Pneumatic barrier. Port Luck (Hafen Luck) belongs to the construction and building materials company Luck located on the east bank, a little more than 2 kilometres upstream of Rütgers Chemicals. Port", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996646", "score": "1.0233", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Wesel–Datteln Canal", "text": "Wesel–Datteln Canal The Wesel–Datteln Canal () is a long canal in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It runs along the northern edge of the Ruhr Area, from the Rhine near Wesel () to the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Datteln (). It forms an important transport connection between the Lower Rhine and northern and eastern Germany, together with the parallel Rhine-Herne Canal. Construction of the Wesel–Datteln Canal was started in 1915, and the canal was opened in . It runs parallel to the river Lippe. The canal has six locks, at Friedrichsfeld, Hünxe, Dorsten, Flaesheim, Ahsen and Datteln. The main ports along the canal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9856172", "score": "1.0087934", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Herne Power Plant", "text": "Herne Power Plant Herne power plant is a coal-fired power plant located at Herne in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was constructed in 1962. The installed capacity of the plant is 950 megawatts. The power plant is owned and operated by Evonik Steag GmbH, a subsidiary of Evonik Industries. In the 1980s, a fourth unit was added to the three older blocks. During this construction the high, 300 metre tall chimney and the large cooling tower, whose shape is present in the picture of the power station, were built. The power station annually produces approx. 5.2 billion kWh electrical power and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8696248", "score": "1.0064591", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Heringen", "text": "also seen to it that a river that was once thoroughly salted – by East German potash works – has been brought back to life. Heringen Heringen (Werra) is a small town in Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in eastern Hesse, Germany lying right at the boundary with Thuringia. The nearest major towns and cities are Bad Hersfeld (28 km to the west), Eisenach (30 km to the northeast) and Kassel (80 km to the north). The town lies on the river Werra, surrounded by outliers of the Thuringian Forest, the Seulingswald and the Anterior Rhön, all mountain or hill ranges. The lowest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5879328", "score": "1.0027689", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Herten", "text": "Herten Herten is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the industrial Ruhr Area, some west of Recklinghausen. Herten was the seat of the governors of the County of Vest Recklinghausen, an autonomous state within the Archbishopric of Cologne. Its best known sights are the moated red brick castle of Schloss Herten, dating back to the 14th century, and the \"altes Dorf Westerholt\" (Westerholt old village) with its many historic half-timbered houses. Herten covers an area of 37.31 km, with a maximum north-south extent of 9.5 km, and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7188489", "score": "1.0010506", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Essen", "text": "Essen Essen (; Latin: \"Assindia\") is the central and second largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of approximately 589,000 () makes it the ninth largest city of Germany, as well as the fourth largest city of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. On the Ruhr and Emscher rivers, Essen geographically is part of the Rhineland and the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region. The Ruhrdeutsch regiolect spoken in the region has strong influences of both Low German (Westphalian) and Low Franconian (East Bergish). Essen is seat to several of the region's authorities, as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1486195", "score": "0.9984272", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Düsseldorf-Hafen", "text": "Düsseldorf-Hafen Düsseldorf-Hafen is an urban borough of Düsseldorf, Germany, located on the river Rhine and the location of the city's docks. The borough covers 3.85 km and is predominantly commercial and industrial in nature, with a very small residential population. It had 212 residents in the year 2000, making it the Düsseldorf borough with the lowest population density. The docks prospered for decades but lost much of their trade when Mannesmann closed its nearby pipe factory. As a result the eastern part of the docks started to be redeveloped, attracting businesses in the service sector such as media, design and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10488335", "score": "0.99177516", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "SC Westfalia Herne", "text": "SC Westfalia Herne SC Westfalia Herne is a German football club based in Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club was founded on 13 June 1904 by the sons of the more well-heeled residents of the city as a rival to the worker-based club SV Sodingen. After World War I and occupation of the Ruhr by the French in 1923, the club was dissolved, but still carried on unofficially. It was reconstituted in 1925 through fusion with \"Fortuna Herne\" to play as \"Westfalia Fortuna Herne\". The union was good for the club, which advanced to upper league play in 1930, and made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7033654", "score": "0.99008197", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Rhine–Herne Canal", "long_answer": "The Rhine–Herne Canal (German: Rhein-Herne-Kanal) is a 45.6-kilometre-long (28.3 mi) transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine (51°26′59″N 6°46′1″E / 51.44972°N 6.76694°E / 51.44972; 6.76694) with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (51°37′1″N 7°19′19″E / 51.61694°N 7.32194°E / 51.61694; 7.32194), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship was designed specifically for this canal; normally of about 1300–1350 ton capacity, it has a maximum draft of 2.50 metres (8.2 ft), a length of approximately 80 metres (260 ft), and maximum beam of 9.50 metres (31.2 ft).", "chunked_long_answer": "(German: Rhein-Herne-Kanal) is a 45.6-kilometre-long (28.3 mi) transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine (51°26′59″N 6°46′1″E / 51.44972°N 6.76694°E / 51.44972; 6.76694) with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (51°37′1″N 7°19′19″E / 51.61694°N 7.32194°E / 51.61694; 7.32194), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship was designed specifically for this canal; normally of about 1300–1350 ton capacity, it has a", "short_answers": [ "Duisburg", "Henrichenburg" ] }

[ "An elevator with a counterbalance" ]

[ { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab — it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two masses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics. The ideal Atwood Machine consists of two objects of mass \"m\" and \"m\", connected by an inextensible massless string over an ideal massless pulley. When m = m, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights. When m ≠ m both masses experience uniform acceleration. We are able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3269936", "score": "1.2439747", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "simply formula_5 and formula_6 respectively. Forces affecting m: formula_7 Forces affecting m: formula_8 and adding the two previous equations we obtain formula_9, and our concluding formula for acceleration formula_10 Conversely, the acceleration due to gravity, \"g\", can be found by timing the movement of the weights, and calculating a value for the uniform acceleration \"a\": formula_11. The Atwood machine is sometimes used to illustrate the Lagrangian method of deriving equations of motion. It can be useful to know an equation for the tension in the string. To evaluate tension, substitute the equation for acceleration in either of the 2 force", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3269938", "score": "1.058833", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "machine: The swinging Atwood's machine has a four-dimensional phase space defined by formula_9, formula_10 and their corresponding canonical momenta formula_16 and formula_17. However, due to energy conservation, the phase space is constrained to three dimensions. If the pulleys in the system are taken to have moment of inertia formula_39 and radius formula_40, the Hamiltonian of the SAM is then: Where is the effective total mass of the system, This reduces to the version above when formula_40 and formula_39 become zero. The equations of motion are now: where formula_46. Hamiltonian systems can be classified as integrable and nonintegrable. SAM is integrable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675703", "score": "1.0450306", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "Swinging Atwood's machine The swinging Atwood's machine (SAM) is a mechanism that resembles a simple Atwood's machine except that one of the masses is allowed to swing in a two-dimensional plane, producing a dynamical system that is chaotic for some system parameters and initial conditions. Specifically, it comprises two masses (the pendulum, mass formula_1 and counterweight, mass formula_2) connected by an inextensible, massless string suspended on two frictionless pulleys of zero radius such that the pendulum can swing freely around its pulley without colliding with the counterweight. The conventional Atwood's machine allows only \"runaway\" solutions (\"i.e.\" either the pendulum or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675699", "score": "1.0365068", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "masses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force provided by the cable in the vertical dimension thereby achieving work in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Boat lifts are another type of counter-weighted elevator system approximating an Atwood machine. Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3269941", "score": "1.0274904", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "is a system with two degrees of freedom. We may derive its equations of motion using either Hamiltonian mechanics or Lagrangian mechanics. Let the swinging mass be formula_1 and the non-swinging mass be formula_2. The kinetic energy of the system, formula_7, is: where formula_9 is the distance of the swinging mass to its pivot, and formula_10 is the angle of the swinging mass relative to pointing straight downwards. The potential energy formula_11 is solely due to the acceleration due to gravity: We may then write down the Lagrangian, formula_13, and the Hamiltonian, formula_14 of the system: We can then express", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675701", "score": "0.9954132", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "derive an equation for the acceleration by analyzing forces. If we consider a massless, inextensible string and an ideal massless pulley, the only forces we have to consider are: tension force (\"T\"), and the weight of the two masses (\"W\" and \"W\"). To find an acceleration we need to consider the forces affecting each individual mass. Using Newton's second law (with a sign convention of we can derive a system of equations for the acceleration (\"a\"). As a sign convention, we assume that \"a\" is positive when downward for formula_1 and upward for formula_2. Weight of formula_1 and formula_2 is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3269937", "score": "0.9926622", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "this is an ellipse, and the system is bounded and the swinging mass always stays within the ellipse. For formula_69, it is a parabola and for formula_70 it is a hyperbola; in either of these cases, it is not bounded. As formula_71 gets arbitrarily large, the bounding curve approaches a circle. The region enclosed by the curve is known as the Hill's region. A new integrable case for the problem of three dimensional Swinging Atwood Machine (3D-SAM) is announced recently. Swinging Atwood's machine The swinging Atwood's machine (SAM) is a mechanism that resembles a simple Atwood's machine except that one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675710", "score": "0.97294986", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Atwood machine", "text": "equations. formula_12 For example, substituting into formula_13, results in formula_14 For very small mass differences between \"m\" and \"m\", the rotational inertia \"I\" of the pulley of radius r cannot be neglected. The angular acceleration of the pulley is given by the no-slip condition: formula_15 where formula_16 is the angular acceleration. The net torque is then: formula_17 Combining with Newton's second law for the hanging masses, and solving for \"T\", \"T\", and \"a\", we get: Acceleration: Tension in string segment nearest \"m\": Tension in string segment nearest \"m\": Should bearing friction be negligible (but not the inertia of the pulley", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3269939", "score": "0.9493544", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "counterweight eventually collides with its pulley), except for formula_3. However, the swinging Atwood's machine with formula_4 has a large parameter space of conditions that lead to a variety of motions that can be classified as terminating or non-terminating, periodic, quasiperiodic or chaotic, bounded or unbounded, singular or non-singular due to the pendulum's reactive centrifugal force counteracting the counterweight's weight. Research on the SAM started as part of a 1982 senior thesis entitled \"Smiles and Teardrops\" (referring to the shape of some trajectories of the system) by Nicholas Tufillaro at Reed College, directed by David J. Griffiths. The swinging Atwood's machine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675700", "score": "0.90978754", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "the Hamiltonian in terms of the canonical momenta, formula_16, formula_17: Lagrange analysis can be applied to obtain two second-order coupled ordinary differential equations in formula_9 and formula_10. First, the formula_10 equation: And the formula_9 equation: We simplify the equations by defining the mass ratio formula_25. The above then becomes: Hamiltonian analysis may also be applied to determine four first order ODEs in terms of formula_9, formula_10 and their corresponding canonical momenta formula_16 and formula_17: Notice that in both of these derivations, if one sets formula_10 and angular velocity formula_33 to zero, the resulting special case is the regular non-swinging Atwood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675702", "score": "0.9033908", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "for a system with a non-linear Hamiltonian. The swinging mass of the swinging Atwood's machine undergoes interesting trajectories or orbits when subject to different initial conditions, and for different mass ratios. These include periodic orbits and collision orbits. For certain conditions, system exhibits complex harmonic motion. The orbit is called nonsingular if the swinging mass does not touch the pulley. When the different harmonic components in the system are in phase, the resulting trajectory is simple and periodic, such as the \"smile\" trajectory, which resembles that of an ordinary pendulum, and various loops. In general a periodic orbit exists when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675705", "score": "0.86733687", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "George Atwood", "text": "George Atwood George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion. He was also a renowned chess player whose skill for recording many games of his own and of other players, including François-André Danican Philidor, the leading master of his time, left a valuable historical record for future generations. Atwood was born in Westminster, with the date remaining unknown, but presumed to have been shortly before his baptism on 15 October 1745. He attended Westminster School and in 1765 was admitted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2733280", "score": "0.86382097", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Thermwood Corporation", "text": "one of the oldest CNC router companies. Its machines are used for many applications in the wood, furniture, and cabinet industries, but are also used for other well-known products. Its products are also used to create the interior of commercial airliners, helicopter blades, parts for military aircraft, and underlayment for space shuttles. Its machines create parts for bowling alleys, bicycle helmets, spas, motorcycle parts, and truck bodies. They are also used on Broadway sets, including Batman, Jurassic Park 3, and Star Wars. Its products have helped rebuild Windsor Castle and the Opera House in London. They were also used by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13220193", "score": "0.8637366", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Swinging Atwood's machine", "text": "appearance. When the swinging mass returns to the origin, the counterweight mass, formula_2 must instantaneously change direction, causing an infinite tension in the connecting string. Thus we may consider the motion to terminate at this time. For any initial position, it can be shown that the swinging mass is bounded by a curve that is a conic section. The pivot is always a focus of this bounding curve. The equation for this curve can be derived by analyzing the energy of the system, and using conservation of energy. Let us suppose that formula_1 is released from rest at formula_60 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8675708", "score": "0.8554186", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "George Atwood", "text": "buried there at St. Margaret's Church. Over a century later, a lunar crater was renamed Atwood in his honour. Atwood's published works, exclusive of papers contributed to the Philosophical Transactions, for one of which he obtained the Copley Medal, are as follows: George Atwood George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion. He was also a renowned chess player whose skill for recording many games of his own and of other players, including François-André Danican Philidor, the leading master of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2733282", "score": "0.83837026", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Automatic tool changer", "text": "the automatic renewal of cutting edges. . Automatic tool changer An Automatic tool changer or ATC is used in computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to improve the production and tool carrying capacity of the machine. ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is also used to change worn out or broken tools. It is one more step towards complete automation. Simple CNC machines work with a single tool. Turrets can work with a large number of tools.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18658914", "score": "0.8330252", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Automatic tool changer", "text": "Automatic tool changer An Automatic tool changer or ATC is used in computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to improve the production and tool carrying capacity of the machine. ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is also used to change worn out or broken tools. It is one more step towards complete automation. Simple CNC machines work with a single tool. Turrets can work with a large number of tools. But if even more tools are required,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18658908", "score": "0.82071817", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Donald J. Atwood Jr.", "text": "the field of microprocessing that Atwood, an expert in electronics control, saw the most growth potential. \"It was apparent that microprocessors would open a whole new field in control electronics.\" Atwood said, \"and that Delco Electronics would become critical - the heart and soul of the electronics revolution for General Motors. I had faith in our ability to do the job.\" Atwood took that faith into negotiations with General Motors and the other GM divisions who also thought that it was their destiny to control their systems with their own electronics design. Atwood did prevail and negotiated GM's engine control", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11885886", "score": "0.81475395", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Machine to machine", "text": "and safety of complex systems, and to promote the life-cycle management for key assets and products. By applying Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) techniques in machine networks, the following goals can be achieved or improved: The application of intelligent analysis tools and Device-to-Business (D2B) TM informatics platform form the basis of e-maintenance machine network that can lead to near-zero downtime performance of machines and systems. The e-maintenance machine network provides integration between the factory floor system and e-business system, and thus enables the real time decision making in terms of near-zero downtime, reducing uncertainties and improved system performance. In addition,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7017104", "score": "0.81228215", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Atwood, Pennsylvania", "text": "Atwood, Pennsylvania Atwood is a borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 107 at the 2010 census. Atwood is located at (40.749400, -79.264057) in eastern Armstrong County. Pennsylvania Route 210 runs through the borough, leading southwest to U.S. Route 422 at Elderton and northeast to Plumville. Keystone Lake, a reservoir on the North Branch Plum Creek, runs near the northwest border of the borough. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.00%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1202878", "score": "0.81171906", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Electric machine", "text": "speed without a controller. This type of machine is often referred to in the literature as a synchronous machine. This machine can also be run by connecting the stator coils to the grid, and supplying the rotor coils with AC from an inverter. The advantage is that it is possible to control rotating speed of the machine with a fractionally rated inverter. When run this way the machine is known as a brushed double feed \"induction\" machine. \"Induction\" is misleading because there is no useful current in the machine which is set up by induction. \"Induction machines\" have short circuited", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040012", "score": "0.8116375", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Atwood, Indiana", "text": "Atwood, Indiana Atwood is an unincorporated community in Prairie Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Originally named \"Mount Ruska,\" Atwood was laid out as a village on September 29, 1857. It was an important trading point due to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railway passing through its boundaries. By a petition of the citizens in 1865, the town's name was officially changed to Atwood. The post office at Atwood has been in operation since 1864. Atwood is located at , near Hoffman Lake. Atwood was home to the Atwood Greyhounds. Those who had attended Atwood Elementary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11433984", "score": "0.80901736", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Phoenix (ATC)", "text": "evaluation tool in more than 200 locations. Today, PHOENIX is an international R/SDPS tool with system recognised internationally. Phoenix has been developed following the decomposition of ATS componentware (ATS CW): PHOENIX includes a 2 track server configuration, one with an IMMKF and another with a 1MKF. Targets with different manoeuvrability have different statistics, which is expressed by the process noise of the motion model. The process noise is a mathematical description for the uncertainty of a future position and velocity target given the current and past observations. Targets for which constant motion is an established fact essentially have zero process", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15225593", "score": "0.8021429", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Electric machine", "text": "rotor coils where a current is set up and maintained by induction. This requires that the rotor rotates at other than synchronous speed, so that the rotor coils are subjected to a varying magnetic field created by the stator coils. An induction machine is an asynchronous machine. Induction eliminates the need for brushes which is usually a weak part in an electric machine. It also allows designs which make it very easy to manufacture the rotor. A metal cylinder will work as rotor, but to improve efficiency a \"squirrel cage\" rotor or a rotor with closed windings is usually used.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040013", "score": "0.80110407", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Luther Atwood", "text": "holding from twenty-five to one hundred tons of coal or shale, which was fired from the top. A canal led to a condenser at the bottom. a jet of steam provided a downward draught providing distillation of coal. Another process known as a \"cracker patent\" was invented by Atwood in 1860. Atwood and his brother William received gold medals from New York state and Pennsylvania. The patents were highly important at first, but became worthless by the development of petroleum oil wells in Pennsylvania. Atwood became chemist and superintendent of the Union Coal and Oil Company of Maysville, Kentucky in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19047874", "score": "0.7986499", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fighting machine (The War of the Worlds)", "text": "how the aliens make the machines fly, Dr. Blackwood refers to Dr. Forrester's unconfirmed speculation that they are able to use brainwave impulses. This is given credibility when three aliens later take possession of the tripod. From inside, it can be seen that there is no obvious physical means of operation; instead, the three are simply seated back-to-back, a formation seen quite commonly among the aliens throughout the season, frequently in a state of some type of shared mental exercise (though what this practice is exactly is never detailed in the series). A similar seating construction appears to be present", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5515514", "score": "0.79773074", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ghost Machine (Torchwood)", "text": "Ghost Machine (Torchwood) \"Ghost Machine\" is the third episode of the first series of the British science fiction television series \"Torchwood\", which was broadcast on the digital television channel BBC Three on 29 October 2006. Set in Cardiff, the episode involves a group of alien hunters called Torchwood discovering an alien machine that shows visions of strong emotional events from the past and future. Jack, Owen and Gwen pursue a man through the Cardiff streets, while Toshiko tracks his alien energy signature through the CCTV network. Gwen separates from the group, chasing down the suspect into a train station, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8932250", "score": "0.7972315", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Atwood, Indiana", "text": "now attend Warsaw Community High School. Atwood, Indiana Atwood is an unincorporated community in Prairie Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Originally named \"Mount Ruska,\" Atwood was laid out as a village on September 29, 1857. It was an important trading point due to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railway passing through its boundaries. By a petition of the citizens in 1865, the town's name was officially changed to Atwood. The post office at Atwood has been in operation since 1864. Atwood is located at , near Hoffman Lake. Atwood was home to the Atwood Greyhounds.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11433985", "score": "0.7953987", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Atwood machine", "long_answer": "An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab — it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two masses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force provided by the cable in the vertical dimension thereby achieving work in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Boat lifts are another type of counter-weighted elevator system approximating an Atwood machine.", "chunked_long_answer": "An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab — it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two masses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force", "short_answers": [ "An elevator with a counterbalance" ] }

[ "Robert Downey Jr.", "Robert Downey, Jr.", "Woody Harrelson", "Juliette Lewis", "Tom Sizemore", "Tommy Lee Jones" ]

[ { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26, 1994. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "microphone. The couple is shown several years later, in an RV, with Mickey driving and a pregnant Mallory watching their two children play. \"Natural Born Killers\" was based upon a screenplay written by Quentin Tarantino, in which a married couple suddenly decide to go on a killing spree. Tarantino had sold an option for his script to producers Jane Hamsher and Don Murphy for $10,000 after he had tried, and failed, to direct it himself for $500,000. Hamsher and Murphy subsequently sold the screenplay to Warner Bros. Around the same time, Oliver Stone was made aware of the script. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284037", "score": "1.2039759", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "the perpetrators mention how Hollywood will want to adapt their life story, and they debate on whether or not Steven Spielberg or Quentin Tarantino (who conceived the story for \"Natural Born Killers\") are appropriate choices to direct the proposed film. In 2003 the Columbine High School massacre was dramatized on \"Zero Day (film)\", directed by Ben Coccio, with the killers being portrayed by Andre Keuck and Cal Robertson. On April 23, 2006, Jeremy Allan Steinke (23) and his 12-year-old girlfriend Jasmine Richardson murdered her parents, Marc and Debra Richardson, as well as her 8-year-old brother, Jacob, in Medicine Hat, Alberta.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101485", "score": "1.2001843", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Don Murphy", "text": "produce \"Natural Born Killers\" based on a script written by Quentin Tarantino, who was then unknown. Director Oliver Stone committed to direct the film, and he installed Murphy and Hamsher as on-set producers, which was described as \"the equivalent of a crash course in filmmaking\". Murphy said, \"We wouldn't be where we are if not for Oliver.\" The film attracted attention upon release in 1994, and Hamsher documented the producers' involvement in the film in the best-selling book \"Killer Instinct\". In 1998, Murphy formed the production company Angry Films. He had an opportunity to see an unfinished cut of \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12924199", "score": "1.1967142", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "Arnon Milchan, Thom Mount, and Stone as executive producers. The film was released on August 26, 1994 in the United States, and also screened at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 1994. It was a box office success, grossing over $50 million against a production budget of $34 million, and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the cast's performances, the humor, plot and combination of action and romance; some found the film too violent and graphic. Notorious for its violent content and inspiring \"copycat\" crimes, the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284024", "score": "1.1854427", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "guilty of three counts of first-degree murder, and on December 15, he was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility for parole for 25 years. The \"Natural Born Killers\" connection was that Steinke had allegedly watched the film the night before the incident. He also spoke to friends of \"going Natural Born Killer on her [Richardson daughter] family\". On February 2, 1996, in Moses Lake, Washington, 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis entered his algebra classroom dressed as a Wild West-style gunslinger and was wearing a black duster. He was armed with a .30–30 caliber hunting rifle and two handguns (.357 caliber", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101487", "score": "1.1845345", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "of Patsy Ann Byers.\" Grisham himself stated in an article called \"Unnatural Killers\" in the April 1996 edition of the \"Oxford American\" magazine, \"The last hope of imposing some sense on Hollywood will come through another great American tradition, the lawsuit. A case can be made that there exists a direct causal link between \"Natural Born Killers\" and the death of Bill Savage. It will take only one large verdict against the likes of Oliver Stone, and then the party will be over.\" On January 23, 1997, on the grounds that filmmakers and production companies are protected by the First", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101478", "score": "1.1815886", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers (soundtrack)", "text": "Natural Born Killers (soundtrack) Natural Born Killers: A Soundtrack for an Oliver Stone Film is the soundtrack to the film \"Natural Born Killers\", produced by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails. Reznor reportedly produced the soundtrack using a portable Pro Tools in his hotel room while on his band’s Self Destruct Tour. On his approach to compiling the soundtrack, Reznor told MTV: I suggested to Oliver [Stone] to try to turn the soundtrack into a collage-of-sound, kind of the way the movie used music: make edits, add dialog, and make it something interesting, rather than a bunch of previously released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7321413", "score": "1.1547973", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "the school. Lane volunteered as the hostage, and Loukaitis kept him at gunpoint with his rifle. Lane then grabbed the weapon from Loukaitis and wrestled him to the ground, later assisting in the evacuation of students. He kept Loukaitis subdued until police arrived at the scene. Loukaitis was said to be obsessed with violent books and movies, including \"Natural Born Killers\". He rented the movie seven times and would often quote it to friends. On September 13, 2006, at Dawson College, a CEGEP in Westmount near downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Kimveer Gill began shooting outside the de Maisonneuve Boulevard entrance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101489", "score": "1.1541262", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "of every human being to get it\".\" In its opening weekend, \"Natural Born Killers\" grossed a total of $11.2 million in 1,510 theaters, finishing 1st. It finished its theatrical run with a total gross of $50.3 million, against its $34 million budget. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 46% based on 37 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. On Metacritic, the film has an average weighted score of 74 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B–\" on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284049", "score": "1.1426197", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes Since the 1994 film Natural Born Killers was released, there have been several copycat crimes committed by fans of the film, mostly by high school students within the age range of 15-18. Though most of the incidents below are thought to have occurred as a result of the film, the actual reasons for these acts being committed remain unknown. On March 5, 1995, Sarah Edmondson (18) and her boyfriend Benjamin James Darras (18) spent a night alone together at her family's cabin in Muskogee, Oklahoma, watching \"Natural Born Killers\". Two days later, they left the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101475", "score": "1.1290627", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jane Hamsher", "text": "Jane Hamsher Jane Hamsher (born Jane Murphy; July 25, 1959) is a US film producer, author, and blogger best known as the author of \"Killer Instinct\", a memoir about co-producing the 1994 movie \"Natural Born Killers\" with Don Murphy and others, and as the founder and publisher of the politically progressive blog \"FireDogLake\" (2004 – 2015). With Murphy, she also co-produced the subsequent films \"Apt Pupil\" (1998), \"Permanent Midnight\" (1998), and \"From Hell\" (2001). A contributor to \"The Huffington Post\", she posts also in liberal Websites and political magazines, such as \"AlterNet\" and \"The American Prospect\". Hamsher is a Massachusetts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8439740", "score": "1.1125637", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jane Hamsher", "text": "conference programs, she participated in the South by Southwest (SXSW) Interactive Panels, held in Austin, Texas, from March 9 to 13, 2007, in which she also moderated Dan Rather's \"Keynote Interview\" event on Monday, March 12, and in the panel on \"Political Blogging: Macaca Mania\" at the BlogWorld & New Media Expo 2008, in Las Vegas, Nevada, on September 20, 2008. Jane Hamsher Jane Hamsher (born Jane Murphy; July 25, 1959) is a US film producer, author, and blogger best known as the author of \"Killer Instinct\", a memoir about co-producing the 1994 movie \"Natural Born Killers\" with Don Murphy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8439750", "score": "1.1017329", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Quentin Tarantino", "text": "starring Duane Whitaker in the title role. Tarantino's screenplay \"True Romance\" was optioned and the film was eventually released in 1993. The second script that Tarantino sold was for the film \"Natural Born Killers\", which was revised by Dave Veloz, Richard Rutowski and director Oliver Stone. Tarantino was given story credit and in an interview stated that he wished the film well, but later disowned the final film. The film engendered enmity, and the publication of a 'tell all' book titled \"Killer Instinct\" by Jane Hamsher—who with Don Murphy had an original option on the screenplay and produced the film—led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "339061", "score": "1.0992662", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killaz", "text": "Though the intro is different in the video and audio versions, both of them involve murder and end with the sound of a gunshot. The final shot of the video features a cameo from rapper and actor Tupac Shakur, prior to his association with Death Row Records, as a SWAT sniper who takes out Ice Cube's character. Although the song and video were highly popular, and debuted a short time after release of the Oliver Stone film \"Natural Born Killers\", the song did not appear in the film or on its soundtrack. It did, however, appear in the 2011 film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7646634", "score": "1.0929016", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "the murdered children filed a $33 million lawsuit against Time Warner, Polygram Film, Palm Pictures, Island Pictures, New Line Cinema, Atari, Nintendo and Sony Computer Entertainment. Specifically mentioned were \"Natural Born Killers\" and the 1995 film \"The Basketball Diaries\", as well as the video games \"Doom\", \"Redneck Rampage\", \"Nightmare Creatures\", \"Resident Evil\", and \"Mortal Kombat\". Thompson argued that the films and games had encouraged Carneal to act the way he did, and that \"Doom\" had provided him with excellent target practice. In July 2001 the US Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court's dismissal of the case. On April 20,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101482", "score": "1.0812194", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "a sitcom about a dysfunctional family. Commercials which were commonly on the air at the time of the film's release make brief, intermittent appearances. In his DVD director's commentary, Stone goes into great detail about the look of the film, explaining scene by scene why a particular look was chosen for a particular scene. According to Hollywood.com, \"Natural Born Killers\" is a satirical crime film, while Foster Hirsch deemed it \"the crime film as would-be social and cultural satire\". Stone considered it his road film, specifically naming \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as a source of inspiration. The famous death scene in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284046", "score": "1.0768663", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "way the movie used music: make edits, add dialog, and make it something interesting, rather than a bunch of previously released music. Some songs were written especially for the film or soundtrack, such as \"Burn\" by Nine Inch Nails. \"Natural Born Killers\" is shot and edited in a frenzied and psychedelic style consisting of black and white, animation, and other unusual color schemes, and employing a wide range of camera angles, filters, film stocks, lenses, and special effects. Much of the film is told via parodies of television shows, including a scene (\"I Love Mallory\") presented in the style of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284045", "score": "1.0756385", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "a friend of best-selling author John Grisham, who publicly accused Oliver Stone of being irresponsible in making the film, claiming that filmmakers should be held accountable for their work when it incites viewers to commit violent acts. In July 1995, Byers took legal actions against Edmondson and Darras, however in March 1996, she amended her lawsuit to include Stone and the Time Warner company. With the advice of Grisham, Byers used a \"product liability\" claim, stating that the filmmakers \"knew, or should have known that the film would cause and inspire people [...] to commit crimes such as the shooting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101477", "score": "1.0715519", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "was keen to find something more straightforward than his previous production, \"Heaven & Earth\"; a difficult shoot which had left him exhausted, and he felt that \"Natural Born Killers\" could be what he was looking for. David Veloz, associate producer Richard Rutowski, and Stone rewrote the script, keeping much of the dialogue but changing the focus of the film from journalist Wayne Gale to Mickey and Mallory. The script was changed so much that as per WGA rules, Tarantino was credited for the film's story only. In a 1993 interview, Tarantino stated that he did not hold any animosity towards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284038", "score": "1.0696174", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "transfer, and then claim they tried to escape. Scagnetti agrees to the plan. Meanwhile, Gale has persuaded Mickey to agree to a live interview that will air immediately after the Super Bowl. During the interview, Mickey gives a speech about how murder provides enlightenment and declares himself a \"natural born killer\". His words inspire the other inmates (who are watching the interview on TV in the recreation room) and incite them to riot. McClusky, upon learning of the riot, orders the interview terminated despite Gale's vehement protests. Mickey is left alone with Gale, the film crew and several guards. Using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284032", "score": "1.0650322", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Richardson family murders", "text": "Steinke and some friends reportedly watched the 1994 film \"Natural Born Killers\", about a young couple who go on a violent killing spree. Steinke told his friends that he and his girlfriend should go about their plans in a similar manner, but without sparing her young brother. Steinke also said to an undercover officer: 'You ever watch the movie \"Natural Born Killers\"?... I think that's the best love story of all time...'. Under the Youth Criminal Justice Act, Jasmine's name could no longer be published in Canada after she became a suspect. Under the same act, twelve is the youngest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10879964", "score": "1.0628434", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "\"Natural Born Killers\" as a paperback book, as he had done with his scripts for \"True Romance\" and his own directorial efforts, \"Reservoir Dogs\" and \"Pulp Fiction\", the producers of \"Natural Born Killers\" filed a lawsuit against Tarantino, claiming that when he sold the script to them, he had forfeited the publishing rights; eventually, Tarantino was allowed to publish his original script. Tarantino disowned the film, saying, \"I hated that fucking movie. If you like my stuff, don't watch that movie.\" When the film was first handed in to the MPAA, they told Stone they would give it an NC-17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284053", "score": "1.0575763", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "to the school, and moved towards the atrium by the cafeteria on the main floor. One victim died at the scene, while another 19 were injured, eight of whom were listed in critical condition with six requiring surgery. The shooter later committed suicide by shooting himself in the head, after being shot in the arm by police. He listed the movie as one of his favorites on his blog. Natural Born Killers copycat crimes Since the 1994 film Natural Born Killers was released, there have been several copycat crimes committed by fans of the film, mostly by high school students", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101490", "score": "1.0510991", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dawson College shooting", "text": "that he would try and turn that beautiful song into something ugly and nasty. It's for those who lost their lives, and it's a gift to those who are in the process of healing (...) and Gill was not worthy of being a Megadeth fan.\" This is the ninth mass killing to implicate the movie \"Natural Born Killers\", per the gunman's blog at vampirefreaks.com, which he called one of his favourites. At some point prior to September 20, 2006, the blog was deleted. A follow-up study conducted by the McGill University Health Centre Research Institute found that 30% of Dawson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8746345", "score": "1.0488992", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "a Ruger .22 handgun. Upon arriving at the school, he inserted a pair of earplugs and opened fire with the handgun at a prayer meeting, killing three of his classmates and wounding five others. After he was finished shooting, Carneal calmly dropped the gun and surrendered to the school principal. Carneal was charged with murder and attempted murder and initially sentenced to three life sentences for murder plus 150 years for five counts of attempted murder. Following appeal, this was altered to life in prison with no possibility of parole. In April 1999, Jack Thompson, attorney for the parents of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101481", "score": "1.0440145", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers (soundtrack)", "text": "music. Some songs were written especially for the film or soundtrack, such as \"Burn\" by Nine Inch Nails. The film also contains \"Bombtrack\" and \"Take the Power Back\" by Rage Against the Machine, \"Cyclops\" by Marilyn Manson, \"Anthem\" by Leonard Cohen, \"In Doubt\" and \"The Rhythm of the Heat\" by Peter Gabriel, \"If You Were the Woman and I Was the Man\" by Cowboy Junkies, \"The Way I Walk\" cover by Robert Gordon, and \"Ghost Town\" by The Specials, but these tracks are not included on the soundtrack album. Also includes samples of \"Leader of the Pack\" by The Shangri-Las,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7321414", "score": "1.0412285", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "Stone, and that he wished the film well. Initially, when producers Hamsher and Murphy had first brought the script to Stone's attention, he had seen it as an action film; \"something Arnold Schwarzenegger would be proud of.\" As the project developed however, incidents such as the O.J. Simpson case, the Menendez brothers case, the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan incident, the Rodney King incident, and the Federal assault of the Branch Davidian sect all took place. Stone came to feel that the media was heavily involved in the outcome of all of these cases, and that the media had become an all-pervasive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284039", "score": "1.0378296", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers", "text": "an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \"Seeing this movie once is not enough. The first time is for the visceral experience, the second time is for the meaning.\" On his television show, his partner Gene Siskel agreed with him, adding extra praise to the scene featuring Rodney Dangerfield. Other critics found the film unsuccessful in its aims. Hal Hinson of \"The Washington Post\" claimed that \"Stone's sensibility is white-hot and personal. As much as he'd like us to believe that his camera is turned outward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284050", "score": "1.0373273", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Natural Born Killers copycat crimes", "text": "cabin and packed Edmondson's Nissan Maxima with blankets and a .38-caliber revolver. They allegedly left Muskogee to attend a Grateful Dead concert in Memphis, Tennessee. On March 7, they arrived in Hernando, Mississippi, when Darras killed cotton-mill manager William Savage by shooting him twice in the head at point blank range. Darras then took a piece of blood-stained fabric from Savage to keep as a token. Later, with Edmondson, he spoke openly about killing Savage. They then travelled to Ponchatoula, Louisiana, where Edmondson shot Patsy Byers, a convenience store cashier. Byers survived the attack, being rendered quadriplegic. Savage had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14101476", "score": "1.0332688", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Natural Born Killers", "long_answer": "Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26, 1994. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media.", "chunked_long_answer": "Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26, 1994. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media.", "short_answers": [ "Juliette Lewis", "Robert Downey Jr.", "Tom Sizemore", "Tommy Lee Jones", "Woody Harrelson" ] }

[ "Tin Woodman", "the Tin Woodman" ]

[ { "title": "Tin Woodman", "text": "In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest, as he was caught in rain, and use his oil can to release him. He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard. They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion. The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The Tin Woodman's axe proves useful in this journey, both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed, and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party. When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group, they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height, damaging him badly. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "is unhappy with his empty tin chest (\"If I Only Had a Heart\") and invite him to join them. The Wicked Witch of the West threatens to light the Scarecrow on fire unless Dorothy gives her the ruby slippers; Dorothy refuses. In the dark forest, they encounter a very unhappy Lion, afraid of his own tail (\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"). He too joins the group on the road to the Emerald City. Emerging into the light, the friends encounter another obstacle. The Wicked Witch has cast a spell creating a huge field of poppies that puts Dorothy and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020802", "score": "1.1389155", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz", "text": "boy (Todd Wright). Krewl employs the Wicked Witch named Mombi (Mai Wells), to freeze the heart of Gloria so she will not love Pon any longer. This she does by pulling out her heart (which looks somewhere between a valentine and a bland representation of a heart without any vessels) and coating it with ice. Meanwhile, a lost little girl from Kansas named Dorothy Gale (Violet MacMillan), is captured by Mombi and imprisoned in her castle. However, Dorothy runs away with the now heartless Gloria, accompanied by Pon and eventually meet the Scarecrow (Frank Moore). Mombi catches up with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7947195", "score": "1.097845", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tin Woodman", "text": "Zelena (now the Wicked Witch of the West) at the Emerald City of Oz. Zelena agrees to help him seek out the Crimson Heart, which can save him. During their quest, Stanum tells Zelena that she doesn't have to be lonely but she is doing her best to deny his advice. Suddenly, a lion comes of nowhere to attack Stanum, and Zelena uses her magic to make the lion go away (at this point the lion has become as Zelena would put it, cowardly). When they finally arrived to the location of the Crimson Heart, the two learned that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763083", "score": "1.0496141", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "of the West. Durack and Rix previously portrayed Glinda and Elphaba respectively in the Australian production of \"Wicked\". Orphaned teenager Dorothy Gale lives on a farm in Kansas with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and dog Toto, but feels misunderstood (\"Nobody Understands Me\"). The unpleasant Miss Gulch threatens to call the sheriff after Toto bites her leg. Dorothy wants to escape to a nicer place, somewhere (\"Over the Rainbow\"). She runs away from the farm and meets Professor Marvel, who tells her all about (\"The Wonders of the World\"). They are interrupted by a twister, and Dorothy runs home for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020799", "score": "1.0494688", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)", "text": "land. He soon realizes that Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion already possess what they desire and gives them items that they believe grant their wishes (Scarecrow's head is filled with sawdust and nails, Tin Man is given a wooden heart and Lion is given colored water that he is told represents courage) but cannot think of how to get Dorothy home. Scarecrow hits upon the idea to use the Wizard's hot air balloon to get Dorothy back to Kansas, and the Wizard agrees saying he will go back with her having tired of life in Oz. Before he leaves, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7139625", "score": "1.0488898", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz", "text": "Toto, meeting the Scarecrow who has no brain, the Tin Man who has no heart and the Cowardly Lion who has no courage. They make it to the Emerald City to meet the Wizard, who decides to grant their wishes on the condition they kill the Witch and bring back her broomstick. While walking through the haunted forest to get to the Witch's castle, Dorothy and Toto are captured by the Witch's flying monkeys, but are pursued by Tom, Jerry and the others. At the Witch's castle, the Witch puts Toto in a basket and threatens to drown him in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16032681", "score": "1.0418284", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz", "text": "(Ashanti) is an orphaned teenage girl living in a trailer park in Kansas. Her Aunt Em (Queen Latifah) and Uncle Henry (David Alan Grier) own a diner, to which Dorothy works for room and board. Her dream of becoming a singer is slim, but when waiting on some truckers Dorothy overhears that the Muppets are conducting a cross-country show called \"Star Hunt\" and are looking for a backup singer. Aunt Em disapproves, but with Uncle Henry's best wishes, she goes to the audition. However, the Muppets are about to end the audition, and Dorothy only manages to give them a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4588195", "score": "1.0346901", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "was produced by Lloyd Webber and Bill Kenwright, with direction by Jeremy Sams, choreography by Arlene Phillips and sets and costumes by Robert Jones. It took in pre-opening sales of £10 million. The production celebrated its 500th performance on 9 May 2012 and closed on 2 September 2012. An autumn 2012 reality TV show, \"Over the Rainbow\", hosted by Daryn Jones, searched for a Canadian girl to play the role of Dorothy in a Toronto staging by Mirvish Productions. On 5 November 2012, viewers of the show chose Danielle Wade, a 20-year-old University of Windsor acting major, to play the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020796", "score": "1.0316621", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "Michael Crawford as the Wizard and Hannah Waddingham as the Wicked Witch of the West. Sophie Evans played Dorothy on Tuesday evenings and took over the role full-time in February 2012. The role of Dorothy was cast through the 2010 reality television show \"Over the Rainbow\", in which Hope won and Evans was the runner-up. After a similar Canadian reality TV search show, a Toronto production began in December 2012 and closed in August 2013, and was followed by a North American tour. In April 2017 an Australian tour was announced including season at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020789", "score": "1.0228515", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz", "text": "dropped from the cast due to illness from the aluminum powder makeup, his singing voice remains on the soundtrack. It is Jack Haley, who eventually played the role, that is seen and heard singing \"If I Only Had A Heart\", but Ebsen's voice is still heard on the group vocals of \"We're Off To See The Wizard\". In those vocals, his voice is easy to detect. Ray Bolger (and also Jack Haley) were speakers with a distinct Boston accent and did not pronounce the \"r\" in \"wizard\". Buddy Ebsen was a Midwesterner, like Judy Garland, and pronounced the \"r.\" Although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10254561", "score": "1.0191635", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical) The Wizard of Oz is a musical based on the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", with a book adapted by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jeremy Sams. The musical uses the Harold Arlen and E. Y. Harburg songs from the film and includes some new songs and additional music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and additional lyrics by Tim Rice. After previews in the West End from 7 February, the musical opened on 1 March 2011, directed by Jeremy Sams, and closed on 2 September 2012. The original cast included Danielle Hope as Dorothy Gale,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020788", "score": "1.0178912", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)", "text": "at the Lyric Theatre in Sydney, Australia. The cast included pop-star Nikki Webster as Dorothy, Delia Hannah as Aunt Em/Glinda, Kane Alexander as Hunk/Scarecrow, Doug Parkinson as Zeke/Cowardly Lion, Pamela Rabe as Miss Gulch/Wicked Witch, and Bert Newton as Professor Marvel/The Wizard. The following year, the production transferred to the Regent Theatre in Melbourne, and then to the Lyric Theatre in Brisbane, where Patti Newton (the wife of Bert Newton) and Derek Metzger, respectively, played Aunt Em/Glinda and Hunk/Scarecrow. A touring production of the show ran in cities across the U.S. from October 2008 to January 2012. Another touring production", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12306817", "score": "1.0172597", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)", "text": "rusted playing his piccolo. As it turns out, the Woodman's real name is Niccolo Chopper. He explains that the Wicked Witch of the West took his heart, so he cannot love Cynthia, his girlfriend. He joins the others in the hope of receiving a heart from the Wizard, so that he can return to Cynthia. The Keeper of the Gates patrols outside the Emerald City. Sir Wiley Gyle enters, a mad old inventor who has scorned magic since his mother died. He is sent to prison for murdering his wife. The travelers enter the Emerald City. The Wizard gives the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8155668", "score": "1.0137749", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)", "text": "ordinary man (who resembles Professor Marvel) using a microphone to make his voice impressive. Nevertheless, he is able to help the travelers. He conducts a graduation exercise, awarding the Scarecrow with a doctorate of Thinkology; appoints the Lion as a member of the Legion of Courage; and presents the Tin Man with a heart-shaped ticker – a watch. Finally, he reveals that he is from the prairies himself and offers to give Dorothy a ride back to Kansas in the hot-air balloon that brought him to Oz. It takes off while she is distracted, and she is afraid that she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12306806", "score": "1.013334", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz", "text": "their wishes granted. When they all storm into the Wizard's room, they discover it is merely a Hollywood effects stage and that the Wizard (Jeffrey Tambor) is just an ordinary man, pretending. He asked for the witch's eye so that she could not see him for who he really was. Even so, he still proceeds to grant their wishes. Dorothy finally becomes a singer in the Land of Oz, but she realizes that all she ever really wanted was to go back home and be with her family. After traveling back to Munchkinland, she meets Glinda the Good Witch of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4588203", "score": "1.0102855", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)", "text": "Had a Brain\"). The rusty Tin Man's chest is empty (\"If I Only Had a Heart\") and the Cowardly Lion is afraid of his own tail (\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"). Dorothy invites them all to join her to see if the Wizard can help them (\"We're Off to See the Wizard\"). The Wicked Witch of the West threatens them along the way but fails to intimidate Dorothy into giving up the ruby slippers. She creates a beautiful field of poppies, but their scent is poisonous. Glinda rescues the travelers by covering the poppies with snowflakes (\"Optimistic Voices\"). They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12306802", "score": "1.005451", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Broadway Melody of 1938", "text": "toiling in obscurity for a couple of years, into an overnight sensation, leading eventually to her being cast in \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) as Dorothy. Young horse trainer Sally (Eleanor Powell) befriends Sonny (George Murphy) and Peter (Buddy Ebsen), who have been hired to look after a horse her family once owned. Concerned for the horse's well-being, she sneaks aboard a train taking the horse and its caretakers to New York City. En route she meets talent agent Steve Raleigh (Robert Taylor) who, impressed with her dancing and singing, sets her on the road to stardom and romance blossoms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4714356", "score": "1.0051951", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)", "text": "Ends London Palladium. It features all of the songs from the film plus new songs written by Lloyd Webber and Rice. Lloyd Webber also found Danielle Hope to play Dorothy on the reality show, \"Over the Rainbow\". Another production opened in December 2012 at the Ed Mirvish Theatre in Toronto. A reality TV show, also titled \"Over the Rainbow\", found a Canadian girl, Danielle Wade, to play Dorothy. The Canadian production then began a North American tour in September 2013. An Australian tour will begin at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts Centre in November 2017, followed by a season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2888826", "score": "1.0048854", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz", "text": "a singer somewhere beyond her small Kansas town. Swept up by a tornado, in her trailer home with pet prawn Toto, she lands in Oz and embarks on a journey to meet the Wizard who can help make her dreams come true. The film was co-produced by The Muppets Studio, Touchstone Television, and Fox Television Studios, in association with The Jim Henson Company. Right after Disney bought the rights to The Muppets in 2004, pre-production on \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\" took place throughout February 2004, and filming occurred during September 2004. ABC made several changes to the film after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4588192", "score": "0.9998956", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "Winkies are thrilled to be free of the wicked witch (\"Hail – Hail! The Witch is Dead\"). Dorothy and her friends return with the broomstick to see the Wizard. Toto reveals that the Wizard's fearsome visage is an illusion; he is just an ordinary man. Still, he gives the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion tokens of the brains, heart and courage that they already had inside of them. He tells Dorothy that he himself will take her to Kansas in his hot air balloon, appointing the Scarecrow as prime minister of Oz, with the Tin Man and Lion as other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020806", "score": "0.9994757", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)", "text": "the book for the adaptation. This hews even more closely to the film's screenplay than the 1945 MUNY version and attempts to recreate the film's atmosphere and some of its special effects. A young girl, Dorothy Gale, lives on a farm in Kansas with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and little dog Toto. Feeling unappreciated, she dreams of a far away place (\"Over the Rainbow\"). Miss Gulch, their unpleasant neighbor, serves Dorothy with a summons to take Toto away. He escapes from her bicycle basket, and Dorothy runs away from home with him. On the road, they find a showman,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12306799", "score": "0.997468", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Soldier with the Green Whiskers", "text": "in his bid to conquer the Emerald City. It is initially suspected to be the red magic of Jinnicky, but Gloma, the Witch of the Black Forest (implicitly the Good Witch of the West), assures Dorothy that it is green magic at work. With Ozma and many of her advisers, he is imprisoned at the bottom of Lake Lightning. In \"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz\", author Ruth Plumly Thompson constructed an elaborate family history for him under the name Wantowin Battles. In this book, Thompson portrays Wantowin as a pompous coward with bad aim who loves to eat pickles.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10911639", "score": "0.9959601", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)", "text": "Out\"; \"Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead\"). The Wicked Witch of the West (who resembles Miss Gulch) arrives to claim her sister's magic ruby slippers and vows to avenge her death. Glinda has already put the slippers on Dorothy's feet, further infuriating the witch. Dorothy wants to go home to Kansas. The Munchkins tell her that the Wizard of Oz will know what to do (\"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\"). She starts off towards the Emerald City. Dorothy and Toto meet three strange traveling companions, each of whom needs help: The Scarecrow's head is full of straw (\"If I Only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12306801", "score": "0.99189335", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "10 September 2013 at the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada, with the original Canadian cast, except that Jacquelyn Piro Donovan played Miss Gulch/The Wicked Witch of the West. It concluded on 29 June 2014 at the Detroit Opera House. The musical began touring Australia beginning 4 November 2017 at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts Centre in Brisbane, Queensland, followed by a season at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney in Sydney from 30 December 2017. The cast includes Anthony Warlow as the Wizard with Lucy Durack as Glinda the Good and Jemma Rix as Wicked Witch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020798", "score": "0.9873404", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz", "text": "Toto discover that they are in Munchkinland, a small town part of the vast Land of Oz. After discussing her situation with the town's people, the Munchkins (played by Rizzo the Rat and the other rats), she learns that the land's ruler the Wizard, has the power to grant her wish of becoming a famous singer. She meets the Good Witch of the North (Miss Piggy), and receives a pair of magic silver slippers from the Wicked Witch of the East (Miss Piggy), the Witch of the North's sister who was killed when Dorothy's trailer fell on her. Soon after,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4588197", "score": "0.9871104", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Glinda the Good Witch", "text": "1910 version of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". In the latter, she appears in one scene in which she enlarges Toto to make him a better protector for Dorothy. Glinda is played by Hilary Lee Gaess; her singing voice was dubbed. She is portrayed as much younger than the Billie Burke incarnation, although her pink costume/gown is similar. She sings 2 stirring solos titled \"Try To Touch a Star\" and \"I've Watched Over You.\" In the latter song, she makes the touching and astute observation that the Scarecrow possesses not only a brain, but also a heart (at least metaphorically).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2379958", "score": "0.9864966", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Wild at Heart (film)", "text": "of the Wizard of Oz is kinda like a beautiful thing\". Samuel Goldwyn, Jr. read an early draft of the screenplay and did not like Gifford's ending either, so Lynch changed it. However, the director was worried that this change made the film too commercial, \"much more commercial to make a happy ending yet, if I had not changed it, so that people wouldn’t say I was trying to be commercial, I would have been untrue to what the material was saying\". Lynch also added new characters, like Mr. Reindeer and Sherilyn Fenn as the victim of a car accident.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1840121", "score": "0.98634386", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful", "text": "three witches: Theodora, Evanora and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself. Kapner began developing an origin story for the Wizard of Oz after a lifelong interest of wanting to create one for the character. Walt Disney Pictures then commissioned the film's production in 2009 with Joe Roth as producer and Grant Curtis, Joshua Donen, Philip Steuer and Palak Patel serving as executive producers. Raimi was hired to direct the following year. After Robert Downey Jr. and Johnny Depp declined the titular role, Franco was cast in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15759130", "score": "0.98633564", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Oz (1976 film)", "text": "(Robin Ramsay), gives her a pair of red shoes as a reward to help her see the last concert of the Wizard (Matters), an androgynous glam rock singer. She is pursued by the thug's brother (Ned Kelly) who attempts to rape her on several occasions. She also meets a dumb surfer Blondie (Bruce Spence), a heartless mechanic Greaseball (Michael Carman), and a cowardly biker Killer (Garry Waddell). Chris Lofven and Lyne Helms got the idea to make an Australian version of \"The Wizard of Oz\" while working in London in the early 1970s. Lofven was also inspired by David Bowie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9058862", "score": "0.98475933", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Tin Woodman", "long_answer": "In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest, as he was caught in rain, and use his oil can to release him. He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard. They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion. The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The Tin Woodman's axe proves useful in this journey, both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed, and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party. When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group, they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height, damaging him badly. However Winkie Tinsmiths are able to repair him after the death of the Witch.", "chunked_long_answer": "In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest, as he was caught in rain, and use his oil can to release him. He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard. They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion. The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The Tin Woodman's axe proves useful in this journey, both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed, and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party. When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group, they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height, damaging him badly. ", "short_answers": [ "the Tin Woodman" ] }

[ "tenderness of meat" ]

[ { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology. The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat. If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 °C (59 °F), a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs, whereby the muscle sarcomeres shrink to a third of their original length.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Meat", "text": "collagen and elastin of connective tissue, and \"rigor mortis\" resolves. Because of these changes, the meat is tender and pliable when cooked just after death or after the resolution of \"rigor\", but tough when cooked during \"rigor.\" As the muscle pigment myoglobin denatures, its iron oxidates, which may cause a brown discoloration near the surface of the meat. Ongoing proteolysis also contributes to conditioning. Hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of ATP, contributes to the meat's flavor and odor, as do other products of the decomposition of muscle fat and protein. When meat is industrially processed in preparation of consumption, it may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "250818", "score": "1.315123", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Meat", "text": "kg, is believed to increase the water-holding capacity and tenderness of the flesh when cooked. \"Rigor mortis\" sets in a few hours after death as ATP is used up, causing actin and myosin to combine into rigid actomyosin and lowering the meat's water-holding capacity, causing it to lose water (\"weep\"). In muscles that enter \"rigor\" in a contracted position, actin and myosin filaments overlap and cross-bond, resulting in meat that is tough on cooking – hence again the need to prevent pre-slaughter stress in the animal. Over time, the muscle proteins denature in varying degree, with the exception of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "250817", "score": "1.281181", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "shrink to a third of their original length. Cold shortening is caused by the release of stored calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers, in response to the cold stimulus. The calcium ions trigger powerful muscle contraction aided by ATP molecules. To prevent cold shortening, a process known as electrical stimulation is carried out, especially in beef carcasses, immediately after slaughter and skinning. In this process, the carcass is stimulated with alternating current, causing it to contract and relax, which depletes the ATP reserve from the carcass and prevents cold shortening. The degree of rigor mortis may be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1437842", "score": "0.99601984", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Inuit cuisine", "text": "by direct carbohydrate measurements, it has been shown to contain as much as 8—30% carbohydrates. While postmortem glycogen levels are often depleted through the onset of rigor mortis, marine mammals have a much delayed onset of rigor mortis, even in warm conditions, presumably due to the high content of oxymyoglobin in the muscle that may permit aerobic metabolism to continue slowly for some time after the death of the animal. Additionally, in cold conditions, glycogen's depletion is halted at -18 °C (-0.4 °F) and lower temperatures in comminuted meat. Traditional Inuit diets derive approximately 50% of their calories from fat,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12323590", "score": "0.98732257", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "Rigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: \"rigor\" \"stiffness\", \"mortis\" \"of death\") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem. After death, respiration in an organism ceases, depleting the source of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is required to cause separation of the actin-myosin cross-bridges during relaxation of muscle. When oxygen is no longer present, the body may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1437837", "score": "0.9659953", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Decomposition", "text": "time. Among those animals that have a heart, the \"fresh\" stage begins immediately after the heart stops beating. From the moment of death, the body begins cooling or warming to match the temperature of the ambient environment, during a stage called rigor mortis. Shortly after death, within three to six hours, the muscular tissues become rigid and incapable of relaxing, during a stage called rigor mortis. Since blood is no longer being pumped through the body, gravity causes it to drain to the dependent portions of the body, creating an overall bluish-purple discolouration termed livor mortis or, more commonly, lividity.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1568474", "score": "0.9549774", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Advanced meat recovery", "text": "Advanced meat recovery Advanced meat recovery (AMR) is a slaughterhouse deboning process by which the last traces of skeletal muscle meat are removed from animal bones after the primal cuts have been carved off manually. The machinery used in this process separates meat from bone by scraping, shaving, or pressing the meat from the bone without breaking or grinding the bone. Products produced by advanced meat recovery machinery can be labeled using terms associated with hand-deboned product (i.e., \"beef\", \"pork\", \"beef trimmings\", etc.). AMR meat typically is used as an ingredient in products requiring further processing, such as hot dogs.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2541566", "score": "0.953488", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Meat analogue", "text": "is mixed in a heated vessel at a temperature lower than the coagulation temperature of the proteins. The elevated temperature assists in lowering the viscosity of the dough and allows for a more homogenized mixing process. Special caution must be taken as to not overmix the dough as it has been known to substantially decrease the amount of fibers formed. Extruders should be set to the temperature in which the protein used will start to coagulate for max efficiency. Gluten and soy proteins coagulate at 75 °C and 68 °C respectively. Due to the fact that the extruder also cooks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2307189", "score": "0.9399891", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "heads to bind to the active sites of actin proteins. In rigor mortis myosin heads continue binding with the active sites of actin proteins via adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the muscle is unable to relax until further enzyme activity degrades the complex. Normal relaxation would occur by replacing ADP with ATP, which would destabilize the myosin-actin bond and break the cross-bridge. However, as ATP is absent, there must be a breakdown of muscle tissue by enzymes (endogenous or bacterial) during decomposition. As part of the process of decomposition, the myosin heads are degraded by the enzymes, allowing the muscle contraction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1437839", "score": "0.93092114", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Meat analogue", "text": "the product, the temperature of the inner walls of extruder should be within the range of 77 °C to 149 °C. Turbulent conditions caused by aggressive mixing and agitation should be avoided during processing as it contributes to the undesirable formation of randomly oriented, non-meat like fibers. Unidirectional and parallel fibers can only be formed through extruding and stretching under none turbulent, or laminar, conditions. Laminar flow condition occurs under low velocities where the fluid in question flows smoothly with overlapping layers, and it is characterized by having a Reynold number of less than 2040. Stretching of the meat analog", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2307190", "score": "0.93006045", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "PSE meat", "text": "in higher incidences of poultry meat quality problems. Transport is one of the most critical moments before slaughter, taking up most of the time of the process, and the incidence of PSE is related to the position of birds in the truck and the design of the lorry/truck. For these reasons, animal welfare often correlates to the incidence of PSE meat or other carcass quality issues. The length of transport, time period between loading and unloading, and the rest time in lairage are known to affect meat quality. Physical activity and psychological stress associated with transportation, as well as incidence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11786288", "score": "0.9231842", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Meat analogue", "text": "the desirable formation of highly fine fibers, but at the cost of longer and more complicated processing steps, as well as incurring an increase in cost. Regardless of which method was used, the final product should be stored under at temperatures ranging from 13 °C to 21 °C. Ideally the humidity should be around 15%. The expected shelf life of meat analog products while in an air tight package is up to 10 years, while it is only up to 1 year when it has been opened. The formation of fibers through protein coagulation can be described through the wool", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2307194", "score": "0.92138153", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Meat", "text": "is produced by killing an animal and cutting flesh out of it. These procedures are called slaughter and butchery, respectively. There is ongoing research into producing meat \"in vitro\", that is, outside of animals. Upon reaching a predetermined age or weight, livestock are usually transported \"en masse\" to the slaughterhouse. Depending on its length and circumstances, this may exert stress and injuries on the animals, and some may die \"en route\". Unnecessary stress in transport may adversely affect the quality of the meat. In particular, the muscles of stressed animals are low in water and glycogen, and their pH fails", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "250813", "score": "0.9204705", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "time of death. One such factor is the ambient temperature. In warm environments, the onset and pace of rigor mortis are sped up by providing a conducive environment for the metabolic processes that cause decay. Low temperatures, however, slow them down. Therefore, for a person who dies outside in frozen conditions rigor mortis may last several days more than normal, so investigators may have to abandon it as a tool for determining time of death. Rigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: \"rigor\" \"stiffness\", \"mortis\" \"of death\") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1437844", "score": "0.91885287", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Advanced meat recovery", "text": "This meat is comparable in appearance, texture, and composition to meat trimmings and similar meat products derived by hand. USDA regulations for procurement of frozen fresh ground beef products state that \"Beef that is mechanically separated from bone with automatic deboning systems, advanced lean (meat) recovery (AMR) systems or powered knives, will not be allowed\". In the United States, USDA regulations stipulate that AMR machinery cannot grind, crush, or pulverize bones to remove edible meat tissue, and bones must emerge intact. The meat produced in this manner can contain no more than 150(±30) milligrams of calcium per 200 grams product,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2541567", "score": "0.91215706", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rigor mortis", "text": "to release and the body to relax. Decomposition of the myofilaments occurs 48 to 60 hours after the peak of rigor mortis, which occurs approximately 13 hours after death. At the time of death, a condition called \"primary flaccidity\" occurs. Following this, the muscles stiffen in rigor mortis. All muscles in the body are affected. Starting between two and six hours following death, rigor mortis begins with the eyelids, neck, and jaw. The sequence may be due to different lactic acid levels among different muscles, which is directly related to the difference in glycogen levels and different types of muscle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1437840", "score": "0.9033973", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rigor Mortis (radio)", "text": "Rigor Mortis (radio) Rigor Mortis is a BBC Radio 4 black comedy set in the pathology department at an NHS hospital. It centres on the working lives of the pathologists and attendant staff who work in the department. Much of the humour of the show springs from the characters' varying views on death and their contrasting beliefs about the relative importance of their work. The show often derives humour from the fact that the characters are not primarily forensic pathologists. Davison's character, Anthony Webster, is frequently at pains to explain that he is a histopathologist, for example. Their case load", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8700620", "score": "0.9006182", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Meat analogue", "text": "inhibit the formation of meat-like fibers during processing. The optimal fat content for the desirable mouth feel was determined to be around 30% to 40% by weight. Meat analog products are currently made by two basic processes, through either thermoplastic extrusion or fiber spinning. Thermoplastic extrusion involves the adaptation of production processes that are more commonly associated with the making of ready-to-eat cereal products. Extruders are simple in nature and are considered to be a cost effective method of accommodating large-scale productions. It also provides the conditions that are crucial to the formation of the desirable fibers. The wet mix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2307188", "score": "0.90054274", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Environmental impact of meat production", "text": "large quantities of harvested feed, this overproduction of feed can also hold negative effects. The growing of cereals for feed in turn requires substantial areas of land. However, where grain is fed, less feed is required for meat production. This is due not only to the higher concentration of metabolizable energy in grain than in roughages, but also to the higher ratio of net energy of gain to net energy of maintenance where metabolizable energy intake is higher. It takes seven pounds of feed to produce a pound of beef (live weight), compared to more than three pounds for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11524842", "score": "0.8955163", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Meat hanging", "text": "the room must be kept to a humidity of around 85%. Also, to prevent bacteria developing on the meat, the room must be kept well ventilated. The meat must be furthermore checked on in regular intervals to ensure that the meat does not spoil and the process is working correctly. Meat hanging allows processes to continue in the meat that would normally cease in dead animals. For example, the muscles in the meat continue to use the oxygen that is in the proteins of the blood. This normal biological process creates a chemical by-product known as lactic acid. Since the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15364557", "score": "0.89082515", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Heterocyclic amine formation in meat", "text": "and meat cooked at a high temperature, can be used as an indirect measure of exposure to HCAs. A review of all research studies reported between 1996 and 2007 that examined relationships between HCAs, meat and cancer. Twenty-two studies were found; of these, 18 showed a relationship between either meat intake or HCA exposure and some form of cancer. HCA exposure was measured in 10 of the studies and of those, 70% showed an association with cancer. The authors concluded that high intake of well-done meat and/or high exposure to certain HCAs may be associated with cancer of the colon,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15981782", "score": "0.89040685", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dog meat consumption in South Korea", "text": "governing hygienic slaughtering of livestock and processing of meat.\" Hence dog meat farming is under-regulated compared to that of other stock animals. As a result, there are no regulations requiring the humane slaughter of dogs for meat. The controversy over dog meat consumption often centers on the slaughtering methods employed, which include electrocution, strangulation by hanging, and physically beating the dog to death. Some dogs are still alive when they are blow-torched or thrown into boiling water to remove their fur. Some (who?) believe that dog meat should be expressly legalized so that only authorized preparers can deal with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17943750", "score": "0.8896024", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Labor rights in American meatpacking industry", "text": "to make an extra effort to complete a given task and creates additional risk of injury. Furthermore, despite the growing automation in slaughterhouses, many of the tasks involve heavy lifting, shoving, and turning animals, animal parts, or equipment. Although slaughterhouse workers are provided with protective gear, the inevitable condition of the work areas means workers are exposed to \"blood, grease, animal feces, ingesta (food from the animal's digestive system), and other detritus from the animals they slaughter.\" Pro-industry organizations, such as the American Meat Institute (AMI), have pointed out that the number of staff injuries in meat processing facilities have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18645358", "score": "0.889136", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Transient evidence", "text": "bloodstain itself is not transient evidence, despite its mutable nature. The \"condition\" and \"appearance\" of that bloodstain at a given point of time would, however, be transient evidence. Transient evidence is frequently relied upon in the determination of time of death. The condition of rigor mortis begins to manifest after about 3 hours after death, and lasts about 72 hours. It then disappears as proteolytic enzymes from lysosomes break down the stiffness of the corpse. The reduction in internal temperature after death, a process known as algor mortis, can also be used to estimate demise. Another noteworthy transient condition is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9925689", "score": "0.8815563", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Meat analogue", "text": "the protein used as the starting material. The process begins through the dispersion of proteins into a dispersing medium such as an alkaline aqueous solution. This dispersion is then fed through a spinneret, a device used to extrude a polymer solution to form fibers, and deposited into an acidic salt solution with a pH range of 5.6 to 6.4 for coagulation. The filaments after exiting the small die of the spinneret would have a diameter of around .003 inches. These filaments are then stretched and elongated until the average thickness is around 20 microns. Excess salt solution is then removed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2307192", "score": "0.8799027", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Meat tenderness", "text": "flavor, juiciness, and succulence. Tenderness is a quality complex to obtain and gauge, and it depends on a number of factors. On the basic level, these factors are meat grain, the amount and composition of connective tissue, and the amount of fat. In order to obtain a tender meat, there is a complex interplay between the animal's pasture, age, species, breed, protein intake, calcium status, stress before and at killing, and how the meat is treated after slaughter. Meat with the fat content deposited within the steak to create a \"marbled\" appearance has always been regarded as more tender than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19398478", "score": "0.8779079", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cultured meat", "text": "two months of cultured meat production could deliver up to 50,000 tons of meat from ten pork muscle cells. Cultured meat production requires a preservative, such as sodium benzoate, to protect the growing meat from yeast and fungus. Collagen powder, xanthan gum, mannitol and cochineal could be used in different ways during the process. The price of cultured meat at retail outlets like grocery stores and supermarkets may decrease to levels that middle-class consumers consider to be \"inexpensive\" due to technological advancements. The science for cultured meat is an outgrowth of the field of biotechnology known as tissue engineering. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2765785", "score": "0.87291026", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Meat packing industry", "text": "Meat packing industry The meat packing industry handles the slaughtering, processing, packaging, and distribution of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock. Poultry is not included. This greater part of the entire meat industry is primarily focused on producing meat for human consumption, but it also yields a variety of by-products including hides, feathers, dried blood, and, through the process of rendering, fat such as tallow and protein meals such as meat & bone meal. In the U.S. and some other countries, the facility where the meat packing is done is called a \"slaughterhouse\", \"packinghouse\" or a \"meat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4037071", "score": "0.87178427", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Processed meat", "text": "Processed meat Processed meat is considered to be any meat which has been modified in order either to improve its taste or to extend its shelf life. Methods of meat processing include salting, curing, fermentation, and smoking. Processed meat is usually composed of pork or beef, but also poultry, while it can also contain offal or meat by-products such as blood. Processed meat products include bacon, ham, sausages, salami, corned beef, beef jerky, canned meat and meat-based sauces. Meat processing includes all the processes that change fresh meat with the exception of simple mechanical processes such as cutting, grinding or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4975791", "score": "0.8708191", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Rigor mortis", "long_answer": "Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology. The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat. If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 °C (59 °F), a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs, whereby the muscle sarcomeres shrink to a third of their original length. \n", "chunked_long_answer": "Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology. The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat. If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 °C (59 °F), a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs, whereby the muscle sarcomeres shrink to a third of their original length.", "short_answers": [ "tenderness of meat" ] }

[ "1973", "October 1973" ]

[ { "title": "The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)", "text": "\"The Joker\" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album The Joker. It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word \"pompatus\". The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Joker (2012 film)", "text": "released under that title worldwide and also on the soundtrack. \"Music Aloud\" said: \"He may or may not have composed the tunes for the controversy-ridden soundtrack of Jaanemann, but when GV Prakash Kumar actually got to do a credited debut in Bollywood, it turned out to be a rather uninventive one\" and rated it 5/10. \"Score Magazine\", gave it 2 out of 5 stars stating, \"You know something is wrong with an album when the instrumental tracks immensely outshine the vocal tracks. I must mention that each of the songs has a strong underlying melody but gross injustice is done", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15105947", "score": "1.0048127", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Joker (2012 film)", "text": "\"joke of a film\". All songs featured in the film except one, are composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar, nephew of noted composer, A. R. Rahman. The song \"Jugnu Banke Tu\" sung by Udit Narayan was highly appreciated among all songs. Udit also received Kalakar Award for best male playback singer for this song The song titled \"I Want Fakth You\" from \"Joker\" was leaked online on 11 July 2012, along with the theatrical trailer which has been composed by Gaurav Dagaonkar. The song has been acclaimed by the audience, however the song is actually named \"Kaafirana\" and will be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15105946", "score": "0.96830237", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Joker (musician)", "text": "Joker (musician) Liam McLean (born 30 January 1989), better known by his stage name Joker, is a British record producer who creates music in genres such as dubstep and grime and was known for creating the subgenre \"purple sound\". He was named \"2009 king of bass music\" by XLR8R Magazine and was featured in the September 2009 issue of \"The Wire\" magazine. He has contributed to two releases produced by the London-based record company Hyperdub. He also runs his own label known as Kapsize Recordings. His debut album \"The Vision\" was released on October 31, 2011 through independent label 4AD.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15230800", "score": "0.9587599", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home)", "text": "At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home) \"At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home)\" is a fox-trot style song written by Walter Donaldson. The song was published in 1927 by Leo. Feist Inc. in New York, NY. This hit song reportedly sold more than two million disks in various versions in the late 1920s. It has been used in several movie musicals including \"Glorifying the American Girl\", \"This Is the Life\", \"Music for Millions\", \"Margie\", \"The Fabulous Dorseys\", \"Love Me or Leave Me\", and \"The Joker Is Wild\". The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19608611", "score": "0.9564914", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Joker & the Thief", "text": "Joker & the Thief \"Joker & the Thief\" is a song by Australian rock band Wolfmother. The song serves as the sixth track and sixth single from the band's eponymous debut studio album. It was released in Australia on 26 October 2005 and in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2006. The music video for the song was nominated for the \"Best Rock Video\" and \"Video of the Year\" awards at the 2007 MTV Australia Awards. The titular \"joker\" and \"thief\" are a reference to the lyrics of \"All Along the Watchtower\". In 2017 the song was featured in Codemasters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9787281", "score": "0.951491", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Batman (score)", "text": "never read Batman as a child, preferring Marvel heroes such as Spider-Man and Fantastic Four. In addition, producer Jon Peters was skeptical of hiring Elfman, but was later convinced when he heard the opening number. Peters and Peter Guber wanted Prince to write music for the Joker and Michael Jackson to do the romance songs. Elfman would then combine the style of Prince and Jackson's songs together for the entire film score. Burton protested the ideas, citing \"my movies aren't commercial like \"Top Gun\".\" Elfman enlisted the help of Oingo Boingo lead guitarist Steve Bartek and Shirley Walker to arrange", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12071094", "score": "0.9451572", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home)", "text": "Museum & Library. At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home) \"At Sundown (When Love is Calling Me Home)\" is a fox-trot style song written by Walter Donaldson. The song was published in 1927 by Leo. Feist Inc. in New York, NY. This hit song reportedly sold more than two million disks in various versions in the late 1920s. It has been used in several movie musicals including \"Glorifying the American Girl\", \"This Is the Life\", \"Music for Millions\", \"Margie\", \"The Fabulous Dorseys\", \"Love Me or Leave Me\", and \"The Joker Is Wild\". The sheet music can be found at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19608612", "score": "0.94152343", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Jokerman (song)", "text": "as a political metaphor. In a 1984 interview with Kurt Loder for \"Rolling Stone\", Bob Dylan discussed his inspiration behind the song: \"Me and another guy have a boat down there [in the Caribbean]. “Jokerman” kinda came to me in the islands. It’s very mystical. The shapes there, and shadows, seem to be so ancient. The song was sorta inspired by these spirits they call \"jumbis\".\" On March 27, 1984, a music video was released for \"Jokerman\", directed by Larry Sloman and George Lois. The video features live footage of Dylan only during the chorus, otherwise being illustrated by photographs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20825473", "score": "0.936787", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Revolt (Wild Fire album)", "text": "for \"Villain\", the song is about, well, being the villain. We all have that side of us, deep down somewhere. That side of you is there whether you want to believe that or not and sometimes its just itching to break out and take control. Another aspect for inspiration, at least on my side of things, would definitely be the Joker. If you watch the lyric video, the main focus of the video is the Joker, the lyrics to me describe the insanity and utter villainy that the Joker exudes [...] \"Villain\" is the fifth track on the album and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20602116", "score": "0.9319875", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Felix Cartal", "text": "Class Driver\" and \"Love\". Music videos for \"Volcano\" and \"World Class Driver\" were made. Deitcher went on tours and performed at music festivals such as Electric Daisy Carnival, Camp Bisco, South by Southwest, and Winter Music Conference. In March 2011, Deitcher released a single titled \"The Joker\" via Dim Mak Records. The song became one of Deitcher's most notable work and was played in the live sets by notable DJs such as Benny Benassi, Laidback Luke and Diplo. After extensive touring, Deitcher started working on his sophomore album which featured several guest vocalists and focused more on catchy melodies, yet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16397642", "score": "0.9284966", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker", "text": "Warner Bros. Family Entertainment to do so. Mephisto Odyssey and Static-X contributed the song \"Crash (The Humble Brothers Remix)\" on the film's soundtrack, along with a music video directed by Len Wiseman featured on the DVD. In Neo-Gotham City in 2040, the Joker has mysteriously resurfaced after having disappeared over thirty-five years ago, taking over a faction of the criminal gang Jokerz. After the Joker appears before the public during a Wayne Enterprises press conference, Bruce Wayne, formerly Batman and the Joker's archenemy, insists that the villain must be an impostor despite the evidence, claiming to have witnessed the Joker's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3857967", "score": "0.9243947", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Anna Rossinelli", "text": "released the lead single from her debut album \"Joker\". It was written by Phillipa Alexander, Ellie Wyatt, Alex Ball, Vicky Nolan. It was produced by Fred Herrmann. She released her debut album \"Bon Voyage\" on 9 December 2011. On 6 March 2013, her next single was published. \"Let It Go\" is the first single from her upcoming album, \"Marylou\" which was released on 3 May 2013 and debuted at number one. On 7 February 2013, Rossinelli re-release her album \"Marylou\" under the new title \"Marylou Two\" with the bonus tracks \"Shine In The Light\", \"Let It Go (Live)\", \"Vagabonds (Live)\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15143984", "score": "0.9157597", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Joker (2012 film)", "text": "to them by Shirish Kunder's lyrics.\" Joker (2012 film) Joker is a 2012 Hindi comedy science fiction film directed by Shirish Kunder and also his second directorial venture after \"Jaan-E-Mann\". The film stars Akshay Kumar opposite Sonakshi Sinha in lead roles. This was the second film in which Sinha paired opposite Kumar after \"Rowdy Rathore\" (2012). The film released worldwide on 31 August 2012, and received mixed to negative response upon release. The film was flopped at the box office . The trailer of the film revealed on 11 July 2012, and also in cinemas along with \"Cocktail\". Agastya (Akshay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15105948", "score": "0.90901935", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Batman (1989 film)", "text": "hired Danny Elfman of Oingo Boingo, his collaborator on \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" and \"Beetlejuice\", to compose the music score. For inspiration, Elfman was given \"The Dark Knight Returns\". Elfman was worried, as he had never worked on a production this large in budget and scale. In addition, producer Jon Peters was skeptical of hiring Elfman, but was later convinced when he heard the opening number. Peters and Peter Guber wanted Prince to write music for the Joker and Michael Jackson to do the romance songs. Elfman would then combine the style of Prince and Jackson's songs together for the entire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "52670", "score": "0.90879273", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tim Burton's unrealized projects", "text": "entry of Batman with his tortured solo \"The Graveyard Shift\"; followed by \"The Joker's Song (Where Does He Get All Those Wonderful Toys?)\", \"The Catwoman's Song (I Need All The Love I Can Get)\", \"We're Still The Children We Once Were\" (the climactic sequence) and \"In The Land Of The Pig The Butcher Is King\", sung by the corrupt blood-suckers ruling Gotham, covered on the Meat Loaf album \"\". After production was cancelled, these songs were released on the \"Batman: The Musical\" memorial site. On July 11, 2005, Burton stated that he and Johnny Depp didn't have intentions of making", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15052757", "score": "0.90700626", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jokerman (song)", "text": "\"Jokerman\" failed to chart, but was critically well-received and continues to have a positive legacy. \"The Telegraph\" named \"Jokerman\" as Dylan's fourth best song, while \"Rolling Stone\" readers named the song one of Dylan's best post-1960s songs, with the magazine calling it \"a brilliant six-minute tune about a twisted figure,\" noting the song's biblical imagery. \"Rolling Stone\" also listed \"Jokerman\" at #46 on its list of 100 Greatest Bob Dylan Songs. As a guest writer for \"Rolling Stone\", Chris Martin of Coldplay wrote a tribute to \"Jokerman\", writing \"How can this guy [Dylan] have a song that comes from this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20825475", "score": "0.9064665", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Joker Is Wild (album)", "text": "The Joker Is Wild (album) The Joker is Wild was the second album released by Alex Harvey after the demise of The Soul Band. The album was released in 1972. Some time after 1972 the album \"The Joker Is Wild\" was reissued and repackaged, the album song listings stayed the same, but the album was credited as being made by \"The Sensational Alex Harvey Band\" even though this band did not exist at the time, and the title was changed to \"This Is\". The album was recorded at Regent Sound Studio, London in early 1972. These songs are unfinished demos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10713509", "score": "0.9049231", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Batman franchise media", "text": "had worked on a theatre production called \"Batman: The Musical\" although it was ultimately cancelled. Steinman has revealed five songs from the musical. The first is the opening theme for \"Gotham City\" and the entry of Batman with his tortured solo \"The Graveyard Shift\"; followed by \"The Joker's Song (Where Does He Get All Those Wonderful Toys?)\", \"The Catwoman's Song (I Need All The Love I Can Get)\", \"We're Still The Children We Once Were\" (the climactic sequence) and \"In The Land Of The Pig The Butcher Is King\", sung by the corrupt blood-suckers ruling Gotham, covered on the Meat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6600905", "score": "0.9048181", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker", "text": "killed 12 students and one teacher before committing suicide on April 20, 1999. As a result, the film was substantially re-edited shortly before release on December 12, 2000, to reduce the violence. The original unedited version was eventually released as \"The Original Uncut Version\" on April 23, 2002. The following are scenes that were changed in the edited-for-content version: Released on October 17, 2000, the soundtrack to \"Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker\" contains music composed by Kristopher Carter, as well as two tracks of music featured in the direct-to-video film. The film received critical acclaim for its story, voice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3857984", "score": "0.89956975", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Joker Is Wild (album)", "text": "name. They were \"The Sunday Song/Horizons\" (1967 Decca F12640) and \"Maybe Someday/Curtains For My Baby\" (1967 Decca F12660). Harvey and Condron co-wrote the song \"There's No Lights On The Christmas Tree, Mother, They're Burning Big Louie Tonight\" which Alex went on to record with the Hairband in 1969 and with SAHB in 1972. Side A: Side B: The Joker Is Wild (album) The Joker is Wild was the second album released by Alex Harvey after the demise of The Soul Band. The album was released in 1972. Some time after 1972 the album \"The Joker Is Wild\" was reissued and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10713512", "score": "0.8986448", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Greatest Hits 1974–78", "text": "than its album counterpart). Number in parentheses indicates the order of appearance on the 8-track version. Number in Brackets [] indicate the order on the original LP/Tape. All selections published by Sailor Music, except \"The Joker\" by Sailor Music/Unichappel Music, Inc. and \"Jet Airliner\" by Sailor Music/No Thought Music. Production Artwork and design It has sold 14 million copies in the United States and is ranked 37th on the Recording Industry Association of America list of best selling albums. It also achieved Diamond certification in Canada (1,000,000 units) in 2003. Two singles that reached No. 1 are \"The Joker\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7451439", "score": "0.89474404", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "1990 in British music", "text": "September when two records – The Steve Miller Band's \"The Joker\" and Deee-Lite's \"Groove Is In the Heart\" – both tied for the number one position, selling exactly the same number of copies. As the rules stated that in the event of this happening, the single which had climbed the highest would be the number 1, \"The Joker\", re-issued after being featured in a Levi's advert, won out (having climbed five places instead of three). Due to the controversy that followed, with some saying that it was unfair to let a re-issue of an old song overtake the debut single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5758911", "score": "0.89315224", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker", "text": "doesn't work as well as it should.\" Jeremy Conrad of IGN gave the uncut version a score of nine out of 10 for the movie itself, six out of 10 each for video and audio, and eight out of 10 for extras, adding up to an overall score of seven out of 10. The comic adaption of the film was released in February 2001. While the comic was largely uncensored, the page depicting the Joker's death was redone to match the censored version of the movie. The comic includes several scenes that did not make it to either version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3857987", "score": "0.88913554", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Joker (musician)", "text": "His sophomore LP \"The Mainframe\" was released on February 16, 2015 through his own Kapsize imprint. Joker (musician) Liam McLean (born 30 January 1989), better known by his stage name Joker, is a British record producer who creates music in genres such as dubstep and grime and was known for creating the subgenre \"purple sound\". He was named \"2009 king of bass music\" by XLR8R Magazine and was featured in the September 2009 issue of \"The Wire\" magazine. He has contributed to two releases produced by the London-based record company Hyperdub. He also runs his own label known as Kapsize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15230801", "score": "0.88401973", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Joker (2016 film)", "text": "\"the album is like a thought provoking musical journey with its own take on satires and the incomplete aspects of life!\" \"Indiaglitz\" gave it a 3.2/5, calling it a \"period set apotheosis.\" Most of the singers are folks artist native to Dharmapuri where the movie was filmed. Sundarayyar won the 64th National Film Award for male playback singer for singing Jasmine-U. Joker (2016 film) Joker is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language political satire film, written and directed by Raju Murugan (of \"Cuckoo\" fame) and produced by Dream Warrior Pictures. The film stars Guru Somasundaram and newcomers Ramya Pandian and Gayathri Krishnaa.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19434342", "score": "0.88379526", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jokerman (song)", "text": "other world, and it's still so brilliant?\" Caetano Veloso covered \"Jokerman\" on his 1992 live album \"Circuladô Vivo\". Built to Spill covered the song for the Dylan tribute album \"\". It was also covered by Eliza Gilkyson on her 2007 album \"Your Town Tonight\" and featured in the play \"Girl from the North Country\". Jokerman (song) \"Jokerman\" is a song by Bob Dylan that appeared as the opening track of his 1983 album \"Infidels\". Recorded on April 14, 1983, it was released as a single on June 1, 1984, featuring a live version of \"Isis\" from the film \"Renaldo and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20825476", "score": "0.8824674", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Batman & Robin (film)", "text": "and with R.E.M.'s song \"Revolution\". R&B singer R. Kelly also wrote \"Gotham City\" for the soundtrack, which became the other song featured in the end credits, as well as one of the singles, reaching the top 10 in the United States and in the UK. Eric Benét and Meshell Ndegeocello also contributed R&B songs. Also included was the top 5 second single, \"Look into My Eyes\" by the hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Other songs featured included electronic dance elements, including those by Moloko and Arkarna. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 1997, a month before the film. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "52768", "score": "0.8813782", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Brilliant! Tragic!", "text": "mum had known how different they were from the Saturday morning kids show she would have taken them off of me. I loved them though and realised then that they were something that would stay with me into adult life and have spent all my money on comics ever since\". Jeffrey Lewis's Bad Comedian strip focused on the Joker acting out the lyrics to the song, with his drunken resentment aimed at \"Watchmen\" character The Comedian. The strip ends with the Joker hurling his nemesis through a window, parodying the opening of \"Watchmen\". Artist Patrick McQuade, who worked on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15408360", "score": "0.8779855", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)", "text": "Irish Singles Chart, the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart, the Dutch Nationale Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40. The first line of the lyrics is a reference to the song \"Space Cowboy\" from Miller's \"Brave New World\" album. Following lines refer to two other songs: \"Gangster of Love\" from \"Sailor\" and \"Enter Maurice\" from \"Recall the Beginning...A Journey from Eden\". Borrows heavily from the song \"Soul Sister\" By Allen Toussaint. During the song, Steve Miller references The Clovers' 1954 song \"Lovey Dovey\" when he sings \"You're the cutest thing that I ever did see / Really love your peaches,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7944332", "score": "0.87710786", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)", "long_answer": "\"The Joker\" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album The Joker. It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word \"pompatus\". The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"The Joker\" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album The Joker. It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word \"pompatus\". The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974.", "short_answers": [ "1973" ] }

[ "Richard Parker" ]

[ { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor \"Pi\" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "story as one of \"personal growth through adversity.\" The main character learns that \"tigers are dangerous\" at a young age when his father forces him to watch the zoo's Royal Bengal tiger patriarch, Mahisha, devour a live goat. Later, after he has been reduced to eking out a desperate existence on the lifeboat with the company of a fully grown tiger, Pi develops \"alpha\" qualities as he musters the strength, will and skills he needs to survive. In a 2002 interview with PBS, Martel said \"I was sort of looking for a story, not only with a small 's' but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491205", "score": "1.0748993", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "his full name, Piscine Molitor Patel, as a tribute to the swimming pool in France. After hearing schoolmates tease him by transforming the first name into \"Pissing\", he establishes the short form of his name as \"Pi\" when he starts secondary school. The name, he says, pays tribute to the transcendental number which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. In recounting his experiences, Pi describes several other unusual situations involving proper names: two visitors to the zoo, one a devout Muslim, and the other a committed atheist, bear identical names; and a 450-pound tiger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491196", "score": "1.0670785", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Pilikula Nisargadhama", "text": "and Bangalore. The club has over 500 members. A clubhouse inaugurated in December 2010 has 7 rooms, a restaurant, and a bar. Pilikula is just south of the Gurupura River, off National Highway 169. It can be reached using city bus route 3. However, a personal vehicle would make it easier to visit all the facilities. Pilikula Nisargadhama Pilikula Nisargadhama (or Nisarga Dhama) is a multi-purpose tourist attraction, at Vamanjoor locality of Mangalore in Karnataka, promoted by the District Administration of Dakshina Kannada. In the Tulu language, \"pili\" means tiger and \"kula\" means lake. The name Tiger Lake is because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10288457", "score": "1.0123945", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of baseball team nicknames", "text": "Princeton Tigers. The earliest known use of the name Detroit Tigers in the news was in the \"Detroit Free Press\" on April 16, 1895. Richard Bak's 1998 book, \"A Place for Summer: A Narrative History of Tiger Stadium\" has the full story. In the 19th century, the city of Detroit had a military unit called the Detroit Light Guard, who were known as \"The Tigers\". They had played significant roles in certain Civil War battles and in the Spanish–American War. The baseball team was called both the \"Wolverines\" and the \"Tigers\" in the newspapers. Upon entry into the major leagues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10618368", "score": "0.9854003", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Leicester Tigers", "text": "together\". The origin of the nickname is uncertain most probably coming from the side's chocolate and yellow playing kit, but it may have come from the club's links to the Leicestershire Regiment, who had received the nickname 'Tigers' after serving in India, and from 1825 had worn a cap-badge with a 'royal' tiger to mark the connection. In their early years the side were also known as \"The Death or Glory Boys\" on account of their black shirts. In the 1926–27 season Leicester started using letters to identify their forwards; \"The Birmingham Post\" report for the match against Bath on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2080697", "score": "0.984784", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Life of Pi (film)", "text": "Lee. In Canada, novelist Yann Martel meets Pi Patel; Martel has been told that Pi's life story would be a good subject for a book. Pi tells his story to Yann: Pi's father names him Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France. In secondary school in Pondicherry, he adopts the name \"Pi\" (the Greek letter, ) to avoid the sound-alike nickname \"Pissing Patel\". He is raised in a Hindu family, but at 12 years old, is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and decides to follow all three religions as he \"just wants to love God\". His mother", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15380597", "score": "0.9847004", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Kota Chambal Tigers", "text": "of the six teams that were formed. Mr. Aakarshit Madaan and Mr. Abhishek Bajaj are the founders of Plum Sports Holdings (P) Limited and thus the owners of the KCT franchise. The logo of Kota Chambal Tigers has a Tiger within a crest having Lime Green and Navy Blue colours. The reason for having a tiger in the logo is because of the presence of Tigers in and around the Chambal Region of Rajasthan and denotion of Tigers as a symbol of Strength, Energy and Courage - which is reflection of players of Kota Chambal Tigers. The colors - Lime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19911034", "score": "0.96351755", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "tourist and pilgrimage site in Tamil Nadu. Piscine Molitor Patel, known to all as just \"Pi\", is the narrator and protagonist of the novel. He was named after a swimming pool in Paris, despite the fact that neither his mother nor his father particularly liked swimming. The story is told as a narrative from the perspective of a middle-aged Pi, now married with his own family, and living in Canada. At the time of main events of the story, he is sixteen years old. He recounts the story of his life and his 227-day journey on a lifeboat when his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491212", "score": "0.96252644", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "Yan, 'Life of Pi' is told from two alternating points of view, the main character Pi in a flashback and Yann Martel himself, who is the \"visiting writer\" (Martel 101) interviewing Pi many years after the tiger in the boat story. This technique of the intrusive narrator adds the documentary realism to the book, setting up, like a musical counter-point, the myth-making, unreliable narrator, Pi. The reader is left to ponder at the end whether Pi's story is an allegory of another set of parallel events. The novel is a work of fiction set in the summer of 1977 that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491210", "score": "0.9620221", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Shark Bait", "text": "most of his life. As he tries to settle himself in this new world, the sweet and well-meaning Pi makes some good friends in his new home, the first residents Pi comes across are three elderly marlins named Moe, Jack, and Manny, which direct him towards Pearl's home. On his way there, Pi immediately falls in love with Cordelia (Evan Rachel Wood), a celebrity fish that has appeared on the front cover of \"National Geographic\". He also meets his cousin Dylan (Andy Dick), that quickly becomes Pi's best friend. However, Pi soon encounters Troy (Donal Logue), the meanest, toughest tiger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9790674", "score": "0.95593584", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Tigers (Japanese band)", "text": "The Tigers (Japanese band) The Tigers were a popular Japanese band during the Group Sounds era in the late 1960s. The group featured Kenji Sawada as their lead singer, and were signed by Watanabe Productions. The group was first named \"Funnys\", and was formed in 1966. They changed their name to \"The Tigers\" on their first TV performance on 15 November 1966. They appeared in several Japanese movies in the late 1960s. The Tigers recorded \"Smile for Me\", composed by Barry and Maurice Gibb of The Bee Gees, which was released as a single in July 1969 in the UK", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6228632", "score": "0.94651043", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Tiger (2018 film)", "text": "Tiger (2018 film) Tiger is a 2018 American sports drama film directed by Alister Grierson, written by Michael Pugliese and Prem Singh, based on the true story of former Ontario flyweight boxing champion \"Pardeep Nagra\", a Sikh who aspired to be a boxer only to be prevented from becoming one due to his refusal to shave his beard. The film stars Mickey Rourke, Janel Parrish, Prem Singh, and Michael Pugliese. The film, which had its world premiere at the San Diego International Film Festival on October 13, 2018, was given a limited release in the United States and Canada by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20796017", "score": "0.9464431", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Life of Pi (film)", "text": "Life of Pi (film) Life of Pi is a 2012 American survival drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu Hashmi, Adil Hussain, and Gérard Depardieu. The storyline revolves around an Indian man named \"Pi\" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. The film had its worldwide premiere as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15380595", "score": "0.94577193", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Detroit Tigers", "text": "AL Central division. There are various legends about how the Tigers got their nickname. One involves the orange stripes they wore on their black stockings. Tigers manager George Stallings took credit for the name. However, the earliest known use of it appeared in the \"Detroit Free Press\" on April 16, 1895, a year prior to Stallings joining the team. In the book \"A Place for Summer: A Narrative History of Tiger Stadium\", Richard Bak states that the name originated from the Detroit Light Guard military unit, who were known as \"The Tigers\". They had played significant roles in certain Civil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "108075", "score": "0.9408996", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Detroit Tigers", "text": "Tiger\" as its slogan. In 2011, the slogan was switched back to \"Who's Your Tiger?\" The Tigers have worn essentially the same home uniform since 1934 — solid white jersey with navy blue piping down the front and an Old English \"D\" on the left chest, white pants, navy blue hat with a white letter D in the blackletter or \"textur\"/\"textualis\" typeface associated with Middle and Early Modern English and popularly referred to as \"Old English\" even though it was not used for that language. When the Tigers are the visiting team, the D on their hats is orange and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "108082", "score": "0.9398173", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Tiger (mascot)", "text": "The Tiger (mascot) The Tiger is the mascot of the Clemson Tigers, the athletic teams of Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. The anthropomorphized tiger is costumed in Acrylic/polyester fur, and in recent years wears a football, basketball, or baseball jersey or a T-shirt. The Tiger has a smaller companion, The Cub, who wears shorts, oversized sneakers, and a jersey numbered . Clemson's athletic teams have been nicknamed the Tigers since 1896, when coach (and later university president) Walter Merritt Riggs brought the name from his alma mater, Auburn University. The school's first costumed mascot was the Southern Gentleman, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19165685", "score": "0.9388963", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Tiger", "text": "\"tiger\" as well as the river Tigris. The original source may have been Persian \"tigra\" (pointed or sharp), and Avestan \"tigrhi\" (arrow), perhaps referring to the speed of the tiger's leap, although these words are not known to have any meanings associated with tigers. The genus name \"Panthera\" is traceable to Old French \"pantère\", from Latin \"panthera\", from Ancient Greek \"panther\", most likely with the original meaning \"yellowish animal\", or from \"pandarah\" meaning \"whitish-yellow\", possibly related to Sanskrit \"pundarikas\" (tiger). The derivation from Greek \"pan-\" (\"all\") and \"ther\" (\"beast\") is likely incorrect folk etymology. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus described the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "406756", "score": "0.9385573", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tiger", "text": "conflicts with humans. The tiger is among the most recognisable and popular of the world's charismatic megafauna. It featured prominently in ancient mythology and folklore and continues to be depicted in modern films and literature, appearing on many flags, coats of arms and as mascots for sporting teams. The tiger is the national animal of India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and South Korea. The Middle English \"tigre\" and Old English \"tigras\" (plural) derive from Old French \"tigre\", from Latin \"tigris\". This was a borrowing of Classical Greek \"τίγρις\" (transliterated as \"tigris\", the modern species name), a foreign borrowing of unknown origin meaning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "406755", "score": "0.93055606", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pilikula Nisargadhama", "text": "Pilikula Nisargadhama Pilikula Nisargadhama (or Nisarga Dhama) is a multi-purpose tourist attraction, at Vamanjoor locality of Mangalore in Karnataka, promoted by the District Administration of Dakshina Kannada. In the Tulu language, \"pili\" means tiger and \"kula\" means lake. The name Tiger Lake is because tigers used to come to this lake to drink. The state of Karnataka also has a nature preserve called Kaveri Nisargadhama, near Kushalnagar. The Pilikula Nisarga Dhama Society has developed this area to offer scenic beauty and peace. Pilikula has a huge lake encircled by gardens. Swans and ducks swim in the lake and sometimes occupy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10288453", "score": "0.92830443", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Leicester Tigers", "text": "the Ricoh Arena, losing 21-20. Leicester hold the record for most Premiership titles (10), the most consecutive Premiership Final appearances (9) and the most Play off appearances (12). They were the first team to achieve an away semi-final victory in the Premiership play-offs (against Gloucester at Kingsholm on 18 May 2008). 1st XV Leicester A The club's formal name is Leicester Football Club but is widely known by the nickname \"Tigers\". The first known use of the name was after a game against Bedford School in February 1885, the \"Leicester Daily Post\" reporting that \"the Tiger stripes were keeping well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2080696", "score": "0.92671776", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tiger (DC Comics)", "text": "Hindu legends of the Parashurama, the slayer of the warrior caste, Tiger set out to recover the belongings of the god — the Ax of Shiva, the All-Seeing Eye of Andhaka, and the precious Soma (a Serum of Immortality) which bestows upon its user eternal life when taken regularly. The serum came with a price — it would supposedly drive its user mad over time — but Tiger was willing to take that chance. Renaming himself Avatar, Tiger used his powerful tools to declare war against the world's war makers, intending to save the children of the world in his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7421728", "score": "0.9259857", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Tigers of Mompracem", "text": "The Tigers of Mompracem The Tigers of Mompracem (original title: Le Tigri di Mompracem) is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1900. It features his most famous character, Sandokan. Would you be the greatest pirate in the South China Sea or would you hang up your sword to be with the woman you love? Malaysia, 1849. The Tigers of Mompracem are a band of rebel pirates fighting against the colonial power of the Dutch and British empires. They are led by Sandokan, the indomitable Tiger of Malaysia, and his loyal friend Yanez De Gomera,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7481151", "score": "0.9256468", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Leicester Tigers", "text": "Leicester Tigers Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) is an English professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby. The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Welford Road Stadium in the south of the city. The club has been known by the nickname Tigers since at least 1885. In the 2017–18 Premiership Rugby season Tigers finished 5th, this entitled them to compete in the 2018-19 European Rugby Champions Cup. The current interim head coach is Geordan Murphy who was appointed in September 2018.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2080669", "score": "0.9247631", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Republic Tigers", "text": "The Republic Tigers The Republic Tigers is an American alternative rock band formed in Kansas City, Missouri by Kenn Jankowski (formerly of The Golden Republic) and Adam McGill. They were the first act to sign with Chop Shop Records (an imprint of Atlantic Records), owned by Alexandra Patsavas of Chop Shop Music Supervision. The Republic Tigers is the result of a collaboration between Kenn Jankowski and Adam McGill. Years prior to the formation of the band, Jankowski and McGill recorded tracks for a project tentatively dubbed \"Fi\". \"Fi\" was placed on hold when interest in The Golden Republic picked up,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9571542", "score": "0.9226836", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Flying Tigers (film)", "text": "Wayne's character is nicknamed \"Pappy\", a common nickname for older military commanders. This was also the nickname of Gregory Boyington, a U. S. Marine Corps pilot who flew with the AVG until early 1942. Boyington returned to the U. S. to rejoin the Marines, becoming an ace while commanding VMF-214 (the \"Black Sheep\", which inspired the TV series \"Baa Baa Black Sheep\"). Wayne's character, however, was not based on Boyington, who was not commander of the AVG, and not known as \"Pappy\" until he commanded VMF-214 in late 1943. The aviation goggles worn by John Wayne on screen and seen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8411058", "score": "0.9165287", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Powerade Tigers", "text": "after a great start, the Tigers then lost their last seven games. They ended their losing streak by winning against the Barako Bull Energy Boosters. They finished the eliminations with an 8-10 record and advanced to the Wildcard round. They won their knockout match against Sta. Lucia but got eliminated again by Rain or Shine at the conclusion of the wildcards. After finishing the season fruitless, Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI) announced that they will rechristen the Tigers as the Powerade Tigers starting in the 2010-2011 season. With the change of team name, big man Asi Taulava stated that he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6856903", "score": "0.9164983", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tiger (2017 film)", "text": "become a police officer which is against the wish of his father played by the well known actor and also a very famous Ex IAS officer K Shivram. Why is the father against the wish and the dream of his son is the crux of the story. In August 2014 Pradeep, Tharun Kishore Sudhir and Nanda Kishore Decided to a project together. Tharun kishore Sudhir wrote the script just for Pradeep and his elder brother Nanda Kishora decided to Direct. The film was started under the banner of Inchara Film Factory which produced its first film under the producer Smt.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20024847", "score": "0.9164193", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "History of baseball team nicknames", "text": "entry in the Western League was also called the Wolverines. This club came to stay. The league was renamed the American League in 1900, and the Detroit franchise is still in the league, the one Western League franchise still in its original city, nurtured as it was by the growth of the auto industry in the 20th Century. There are various legends about how the Tigers got their nickname. One involves the orange stripes they wore on their black stockings: Another legend concerns a sportswriter equating the 1901 team's opening day victory with the ferocity of his alma mater, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10618367", "score": "0.91634405", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Detroit Tigers", "text": "War battles and in the 1898 Spanish–American War. Upon entry into the majors, the ballclub sought and received formal permission from the Light Guard to use its trademark. From that day forth, the team has officially been known as the Tigers. The Tigers' rivalries with other baseball franchises have changed throughout the years, with no one rivalry standing out. The most notable of them are with regional neighbors Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox. The others are with nearby teams such as the Kansas City Royals, Minnesota Twins, and the Toronto Blue Jays, the latter a holdover from when the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "108076", "score": "0.9146313", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Life of Pi", "long_answer": "Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor \"Pi\" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.", "chunked_long_answer": "Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor \"Pi\" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.", "short_answers": [ "Richard Parker" ] }

[ "in the 1780s and 1790s", "After the Battle of Culloden" ]

[ { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was not used soon after 1745, and certainly before the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. It was included as an integral part of the song in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth Century Verse of 1926, although erroneously referencing the \"fourth verse\" to the Gentleman's Magazine article of 1745.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "the Republic of Zimbabwe in April 1980, \"God Save the Queen\" has had no official status there. \"God Save the Queen\" was a co-national anthem of South Africa from 1938 until 1957, when it was formally replaced by \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" as the sole national anthem. The latter served as a sort of \"de facto\" co-national anthem alongside the former until 1938. As South Africa was a Commonwealth realm at the time, \"God Save the Queen\" continued to remain the royal anthem of the country until it became a fully independent state in 1961. \"God Save the King\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159869", "score": "1.3228633", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "unofficially. God Save the Queen \"God Save the Queen\" (alternatively \"God Save the King\", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. \"God Save the Queen\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159893", "score": "1.3213279", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "God Save the Queen \"God Save the Queen\" (alternatively \"God Save the King\", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. \"God Save the Queen\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159828", "score": "1.315082", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "Happy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the king!</poem> \"God Save the Queen\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Like many aspects of British constitutional life, its official status derives from custom and use, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament. In general, only one or two verses are sung, but on rare occasions, three. The variation in the UK of the lyrics to \"God Save the Queen\" is the oldest amongst those currently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159835", "score": "1.292195", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "of these verses are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal (which only includes verses one and three of the original lyrics). William Hickson's alternative (1836) version includes the following verses, of which the first, third, and fourth have some currency as they are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal. The fourth verse was sung after the traditional first verse at the Queen's Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002 and during the raising of the Union Flag during the closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics. A less militaristic version of the song,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159849", "score": "1.28024", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "facto\" national anthems, the first and last verses of the standard British version being used. By-laws and practices governing the use of either song during public events in municipalities varied; in Toronto, \"God Save the Queen\" was employed, while in Montreal it was \"O Canada\". Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1964 said one song would have to be chosen as the country's national anthem and, three years later, he advised Governor General Georges Vanier to appoint the Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the National and Royal Anthems. Within two months, on 12 April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159863", "score": "1.278515", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "the King/Queen\" was exported around the world via the expansion of the British Empire, serving as each country's national anthem. Throughout the Empire's evolution into the Commonwealth of Nations, the song declined in use in most states which became independent. In New Zealand, it remains one of the official national anthems. In Australia, the song has standing through a Royal Proclamation issued by Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen on 19 April 1984. It declared \"God Save the Queen\" to be the Royal Anthem and that it is to be played when the Australian monarch or a member of the Royal Family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159860", "score": "1.2727256", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "is present, though not exclusively in such circumstances. The same proclamation made \"Advance Australia Fair\" the national anthem and the basis for the \"Vice-Regal Salute\" (the first four and last two bars of the anthem). Prior to 1984, \"God Save the Queen\" was the national anthem of Australia. In 1975 former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, alluded to the anthem in his comment \"Well may we say 'God save the Queen', because nothing will save the Governor-General!\". By convention, \"God Save the Queen\" (, \"Dieu Sauve le Roi\" when a King) is the Royal Anthem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159861", "score": "1.271308", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "of the Rhodesian people to the monarch, but the retention in Rhodesia of a song so associated with the UK while the two countries were at loggerheads regarding its constitutional status caused Rhodesian state occasions to have \"a faintly ironic tone\", in the words of \"The Times\". Nevertheless, \"God Save the Queen\" remained Rhodesia's national anthem until March 1970, when the country formally declared itself a republic. \"Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia\" was adopted in its stead in 1974 and remained in use until the country returned to the UK's control in December 1979. Since the internationally recognised independence of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159868", "score": "1.2657964", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "God Defend New Zealand", "text": "early 20th century, and in 1940 the New Zealand government bought the copyright and made it New Zealand's 'national hymn' in time for that year's centennial celebrations. It was used at the British Empire Games from 1950 onward, and first used at the Olympics during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Following the performance at the Munich games, a campaign began to have the song adopted as the national anthem. \"God Save the Queen\" was New Zealand's sole national anthem until the 1970s. In May 1973 a remit to change the New Zealand flag, declare a New Zealand republic and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12348191", "score": "1.2621982", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem – played specifically in the presence of the monarch – of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of \"God Save the Queen\" has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. The melody continues to be used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, \"Oben am jungen Rhein\", and the royal anthem of Norway, \"Kongesangen\". In the United States, the melody is used for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159829", "score": "1.2553432", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", "text": "Steyn in England for the Zonophone record label; it was sung publicly for the first time on 31 May 1928. In 1938, South Africa proclaimed it to be one of the two co-national anthems of the country, along with \"God Save the King\". It was sung in English as well as Afrikaans from 1952, with both versions having official status, while \"God Save the Queen\" did not cease to be a co-national anthem until May 1957, when it was dropped from that role. However, it remained the country's royal anthem until 1961, as it was a Commonwealth realm until that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2293086", "score": "1.2507436", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada", "text": "of Parliament making it so received Royal Assent and became effective on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations. The national anthem is routinely played before sporting events involving Canadian teams. \"God Save the Queen\" is the royal anthem of Canada. There are various claims of authorship and several previous songs of similar style, but the first published version of what is almost the present tune appeared in 1744 in \"Thesaurus Musicus\". The song has been used in Canada since the era when it was a collection of British colonies and \"God Save the King\" (or \"God", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16485191", "score": "1.2506096", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "National anthems of New Zealand", "text": "\"God Save the Queen\", but unlike New Zealand it does not have co-official status as a national anthem in those countries; it is regarded solely as a royal anthem. However, its use in those countries are similar to that of New Zealand as New Zealand nowadays uses \"God Save the Queen\" almost exclusively on occasions associated with the monarchy. \"God Defend New Zealand\" was written by Thomas Bracken in the 1870s, and a Māori translation of the original English was produced in 1878 by Thomas Henry Smith. In 1940 the New Zealand Government bought the copyright and made it New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14611429", "score": "1.2493148", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "are formed; though, again, the words have varied throughout these years. England has no official national anthem of its own; \"God Save the Queen\" is treated as the English national anthem when England is represented at sporting events (though there are some exceptions to this rule, such as cricket where \"Jerusalem\" is used). There is a movement to establish an English national anthem, with Blake and Parry's \"Jerusalem\" and Elgar's \"Land of Hope and Glory\" among the top contenders. Scotland has its own national song and Wales has its own national anthem for political and national events and for use", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159836", "score": "1.2486575", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)", "text": "Save the Queen\", the national anthem of the United Kingdom. At the time it was highly controversial, firstly for its equation of the Queen with a \"fascist regime\", and secondly for the lyric \"there is no future in England's dreaming\". According to Glen Matlock, who had co-written the song—although he was no longer a member of the band by the time it was released—the bass was inspired by The Move's \"Fire Brigade\". Although many believe it was created because of the Silver Jubilee, the band have denied it, with Paul Cook saying that \"it wasn't written specifically for the Queen's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2333689", "score": "1.2389784", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau", "text": "monarchy since the 1970s. It is recognised and used as an anthem at both national and local events in Wales. Usually this will be the only anthem sung: only the first stanza and chorus are usually sung (and in the Welsh language). \"God Save the Queen\", the national anthem of the United Kingdom, is sometimes played alongside \"Hen Wlad fy Nhadau\" during official events with a royal connection. The existence of a separate national anthem for Wales has not always been apparent to those from outside the country. In 1993 the newly appointed Secretary of State for Wales John Redwood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "178612", "score": "1.2383659", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia", "text": "faintly ironic tone\", in the words of the London \"Times\". The Rhodesian government initiated a search for a new anthem around the time of its adoption of a new green-and-white flag in November 1968, but continued to use \"God Save the Queen\" until June 1969, when the mostly white electorate voted in favour of a republican form of government. The royal anthem officially remained in place until the formal declaration of a republic in March 1970, when it was abandoned along with numerous other overt references to the Crown. Republican Rhodesia was without an anthem for over four years before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2251386", "score": "1.2356532", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia", "text": "organised by the government to find an appropriate set of lyrics to match the chosen tune, and won by Mary Bloom of Gwelo. In the fallout from Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the UK on 11 November 1965, the country still claimed loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II as its professed head of state, and so retained \"God Save the Queen\" as its national anthem. With Rhodesia's reconstitution in 1970 as a republic, however, the royal anthem was dropped along with many other references to the monarchy, leaving it without a national anthem until it adopted \"Rise, O Voices of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2251383", "score": "1.2341781", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "or other member of the Royal Family is present, or on some occasions such as Anzac Day. The Maori version was written by Edward Marsh Williams under the title, E te atua tohingia te kuini When Rhodesia issued its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the UK on 11 November 1965, it did so while still maintaining loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II as the Rhodesian head of state, despite the non-recognition of the Rhodesian government by the United Kingdom and the United Nations; \"God Save the Queen\" therefore remained the Rhodesian national anthem. This was supposed to demonstrate the continued allegiance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159867", "score": "1.2323622", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "the National Anthem, were recorded there by a BBC outside broadcasting unit: the other pieces being \"Ba Ba Black Sheep, and \"In the Mood\". Researchers at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch restored the acetate master disc in 2016 and the results may be heard on Soundcloud. The philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham praised \"God Save the King\" in 1796: \"the melody recommending itself by beauty to the most polished ears, and by its simplicity to the rudest ear. A song of this complexion, implanted by the habit of half a century in the mass of popular sentiment, can not be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159890", "score": "1.2303973", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)", "text": "on occasions of national significance. \"Advance Australia Fair\" was chosen and was enshrined as the national song, to be used on all occasions excepting those of a specifically regal nature. In January 1976 the Fraser government reinstated \"God Save the Queen\" for royal, vice-regal, defence and loyal toast occasions, and made plans to conduct a national poll to find a song for use on ceremonial occasions when it was desired to mark a separate Australian identity. Voters were presented with the following choice: \"Against the background that 'GOD SAVE THE QUEEN' is the NATIONAL ANTHEM to be played on Regal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4411814", "score": "1.2265499", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "refused a place in the inventory of the national blessings.\" Ludwig van Beethoven wrote \"I have to show the English a little of what a blessing 'God Save the King' is\". Alex Marshall, the British author of \"Republic or Death!: Travels in Search of National Anthems\", called the anthem \"ludicrous\". There have been calls within the UK for a new national anthem, whether it be for the United Kingdom itself, Britain and/or England (which all currently use God Save the Queen). There are many reasons people cite for wishing for a new national anthem, such as: from a non-religious standpoint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159891", "score": "1.2262397", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten)", "text": "The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten) The National Anthem is a 1962 choral and orchestral arrangement of \"God Save the Queen\" by Benjamin Britten. The arrangement was written for the Leeds Festival. It has been described as an \"extraordinary progression from pianissimo prayer to pealing, overlapping choral fortissimo\". The piece was performed by Britten and the English Chamber Orchestra, along with the overture \"The Building of the House\", at the openings of two English concert halls in 1967. The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a purpose-built music venue on the South Bank in London which opened in March 1967. Britten prepared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19806018", "score": "1.225151", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "at international football, rugby union and other sports in which those nations compete independently. On all occasions Wales' national anthem is \"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\" (Land of my Fathers). Scotland has no single anthem; \"Scotland the Brave\" was traditionally used until the 1990s, when \"Flower of Scotland\" was adopted. In Northern Ireland, \"God Save the Queen\" is still used as the official anthem. The phrase \"No surrender\" is occasionally sung in the bridge before \"Send her victorious\" by England football fans at matches. The phrase \"no surrender\" is also associated with Combat 18, a white supremacist group. The phrase is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159837", "score": "1.2247996", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "open reference to the National Anthem and the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations that year, with the song intending to stand for sympathy for the working class and resentment of the monarchy. They were banned from many venues, censored by mainstream media, and reached number 2 on the official U.K. singles charts and number 1 on the NME chart. A version of \"God Save the Queen\" by Madness features the melody of the song played on kazoos. It was included on the compilation album \"The Business – the Definitive Singles Collection\". Composer Steve Ouimette recorded a rock version as downloadable content", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159887", "score": "1.2233627", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "Written\" (1861), \"Household Book of Poetry\" (1882), and \"Hymns Ancient and Modern, Revised Version\" (1982). The same version with verse two omitted appears in publications including \"Scouting for Boys\" (1908), and on the British Monarchy website. At the Queen's Golden Jubilee Party at the Palace concert, Prince Charles referred in his speech to the \"politically incorrect second verse\" of the National Anthem. According to Alan Michie's \"Rule, Britannia\", which was published in 1952, after the death of King George VI but before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the first General Assembly of the United Nations was held in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159844", "score": "1.2221984", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "God Save the Queen", "text": "4 and Radio 2 also play the National Anthem just before the 0700 and 0800 news bulletins on the actual and official birthdays of the Queen and the birthdays of senior members of the Royal Family. The UK's national anthem usually prefaces The Queen's Christmas Message (although in 2007 it appeared at the end, taken from a recording of the 1957 television broadcast), and important royal announcements, such as of royal deaths, when it is played in a slower, sombre arrangement. Frequently, when an anthem is needed for one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom at an international", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "159858", "score": "1.2215772", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada", "text": "Save the Queen\" during the reign of Queen Victoria) was played in honour of the British monarch. It has remained in use through Canada's progression to independence, becoming eventually one of the country's two de facto national anthems. After \"O Canada\" was in 1980 proclaimed the national anthem, \"God Save The Queen\" has been performed as the royal anthem, in the presence of the Canadian monarch, other members of the Royal Family, and as part of the salute accorded to the Governor General of Canada and provincial lieutenant governors, as well as on other occasions. \"The Maple Leaf Forever\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16485192", "score": "1.2212839", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "God Save the Queen", "long_answer": "The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was not used soon after 1745, and certainly before the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. It was included as an integral part of the song in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth Century Verse of 1926, although erroneously referencing the \"fourth verse\" to the Gentleman's Magazine article of 1745.", "chunked_long_answer": "The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was not used soon after 1745, and certainly before the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. It was included as an integral part of the song in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth Century Verse of 1926, although erroneously referencing the \"fourth verse\" to the Gentleman's Magazine article of 1745.", "short_answers": [ "in the 1780s and 1790s" ] }

[ "1908", "In 1908", "1940" ]

[ { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand a five-day workweek and receive it. After that, the rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40-hour workweek went into effect, that the two-day weekend was adopted nationwide.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "usually work 6 days per week, having Sunday as their only day off. In South Africa the working week traditionally was Monday to Friday with a half-day on Saturday and Sunday a public holiday. However, since 2013 there have been changes to the working week concept based on more than one variation. The week can be 5 days of work, or more. The maximum number of hours someone can work in a week remains 45. In Thailand the working week is Monday to Saturday for a maximum of 44 to 48 hours per week (Saturday can be a half or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285720", "score": "1.0004227", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Week", "text": "one of the five days as their day off, even if their spouse or friends might be assigned a different day off. Peak usage of the five-day work week occurred on at 72% of industrial workers. From summer 1931 until , each Gregorian month was subdivided into five six-day work weeks, more-or-less, beginning with the first day of each month. The sixth day of each six-day work week was a uniform day of rest. On 74.2% of industrial workers were on non-continuous schedules, mostly six-day work weeks, while 25.8% were still on continuous schedules, mostly five-day work weeks. The Gregorian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "463519", "score": "0.97452724", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "full day). However, government offices and some private companies have modernised through enacting the American and European standard of working Monday through Friday. Currently, 50% of the luxury beach resorts in Phuket have a five-day working week. Of the remaining 50%, 23% have taken steps to reform their 6-day workweek through such measures as reducing the working week from 6 days to 5.5 days. The standard working week in the United States begins on Monday and ends on Friday, 40 hours per week, with Saturday and Sunday being weekend days. However, in practice, only 42% of employees work 40-hour weeks.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285721", "score": "0.9560354", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "working week was 41 hours: 8 hours, 12 min. Monday to Friday. Before the mid-1960s there was a 42-hour 6-day standard working week: 7 hours Monday to Friday and 6 hours on Saturday. In Singapore the common working week is 5-day work week, which runs from Monday to Friday beginning 8:30 a.m. and end at 5 p.m. – 6 p.m. Some companies work a half day on Saturdays. Shops, supermarkets and shopping centres are open seven days a week and on most public holidays. 'Foreign workers', for example domestic helpers and construction workers (typically from the Philippines and India, respectively),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285719", "score": "0.9502111", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "but from May to October shops at tourist attractions can open from 11:00 to 20:00 In Hungary the working week begins on Monday and ends on Friday. Full-time employment is usually considered forty hours per week. For office workers, the work day usually begins between 8 and 9 o'clock and ends between 16:00 and 18:00, depending on the contract and lunch time agreements. The forty-hour workweek of public servants includes lunch time. Their work schedule typically consists of 8.5 hours between Monday and Thursday (from 8:00 to 16:30) and 6 hours on Fridays (8:00–14:00). Ireland has a working week from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285692", "score": "0.9361354", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "the employer says otherwise, which some do. The working week is Monday to Friday. Working time must not exceed 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week (on average, annualised). The standard working week in India for most office jobs begins on Monday and ends on Saturday. The work schedule is 60 hours per week, Sunday being a rest day. However, most government offices and the software industry follow a five-day workweek. All major industries along with services like transport, hospitality, healthcare etc. work in shifts. Central government offices follow a five-day week. State governments follow half-day working on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285706", "score": "0.9299108", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "with anything beyond that considered overtime. A minority of jobs operate on a partial six-day Sunday-Friday workweek. The standard business office working week in Japan begins on Monday and ends on Friday, 40 hours per week. This system became common between 1980 and 2000. Before then, most workers in Japan worked full-time from Monday to Friday and a half day on Saturday, 45–48 hours per week. Public schools and facilities (excluding city offices) are generally open on Saturdays for half a day. The working week is Monday to Friday; 8 hours per day, 40 hours in total per week. Some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285712", "score": "0.92620647", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "coming back to the office on Monday. In Hong Kong, a typical working week for local enterprises begins on Monday and ends at 1pm on Saturday, although most employees have alternate Saturdays off. After the introduction of the five-day working week for the majority of government departments in 2006, most multinational enterprises and large local companies followed suit, extended the working day from 9am to 6pm so as to adopt a five-day work week. Despite the aforementioned official hours, many employees work overtime, and in the case of the financial industry in particular, working 12-hour days on a chronic basis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285684", "score": "0.92270064", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Soviet calendar", "text": "six-day work weeks were used to schedule work, but the Gregorian calendar and its seven-day week were used for all other purposes. During the summer of 1929, five-day continuous work weeks were implemented in factories, government offices, and commercial enterprises, but not collective farms. One of the five days was randomly assigned to a worker as their day of rest without regard to the rest days assigned to members of their family or friends. These five-day work weeks continued throughout the Gregorian year, interrupted only by the five national holidays. During the summer of 1931, six-day interrupted work weeks were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1527899", "score": "0.89979976", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "days a week. In China, there is a five-day Monday-Friday working week, prior to which work on Saturday was standard. China began the two-day Saturday–Sunday weekend on May 1, 1995. Most government employees work 5 days a week (including officials and industrial management). Most manufacturing facilities operate on Saturdays as well. However, most shops, museums, cinemas and commercial establishments open on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. Banks are also open throughout the weekend and on most public holidays. During the period of public holidays, swapped holidays are common between the actual holiday and weekend, so a three-day or seven-day holiday periods", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285682", "score": "0.89916515", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "agreements, so that the actual required working time is 34.5 hours. In private companies, the 30-minute lunch break is normally not included. The workday is usually 7.5 hours Monday to Thursday and 7 hours on Friday. Some small shops are closed Monday. In Estonia, the working week begins on Monday and ends on Friday. Usually a working week is forty hours. In Finland, the working week begins on Monday and ends on Friday. A full-time job is defined by law as being at least 32 and at most forty hours per week. In retail and restaurant occupations, among others, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285689", "score": "0.88860476", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "banks, remain open seven days a week. In the Philippines, Article 91 of the Labor Code requires one rest day for workers in a week; the choice of selecting the rest day is left to the employer, subject to collective bargaining. Most workers avail of Sunday as their mandated rest day. However, government offices, banks, and many non-service industry establishments maintain a five-day (Monday to Friday) work week. In Russia the common working week begins on Monday and ends on Friday with 8 hours per day. Federal law defines a working week duration of 5 or 6 days with no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285716", "score": "0.88734543", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "previous proposal by the Nepali government, i.e. \"Load-shedding Reduction Work Plan 2069 BS\", for a five working day plan for government offices as part of efforts to address the problem of load-shedding. The proposal has been discussed in the Administration Committee; it is not yet clear whether the plan includes private offices and educational institutions. In New Zealand the working week is typically Monday to Friday 8:30 to 17:00, but it is not uncommon for many industries (especially construction) to work a half day on Saturday, normally from 8:00 or 9:00 to about 13:00. Supermarkets, malls, independent retailers, and increasingly,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285715", "score": "0.88324225", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "the prevalent six days, without reducing employees' pay. Hours worked stabilized at about 49 per week during the 1920s, and during the Great Depression fell below 40. During the Depression, President Herbert Hoover called for a reduction in work hours in lieu of layoffs. Later, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which established a five-day, 40-hour workweek for many workers. The proportion of people working very long weeks has since risen, and the full-time employment of women has increased dramatically. The New Economics Foundation has recommended moving to a 21-hour standard workweek to address problems", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285677", "score": "0.8807222", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Henry Ford", "text": "with Saturday being a workday and sometime later it was changed to a day off.) On May 1, 1926, the Ford Motor Company's factory workers switched to a five-day 40-hour workweek, with the company's office workers making the transition the following August. Ford had made the decision to boost productivity, as workers were expected to put more effort into their work in exchange for more leisure time, and because he believed decent leisure time was good for business, since workers would actually have more time to purchase and consume more goods. However, altruistic concerns also played a role, with Ford", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "172093", "score": "0.88012934", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "The average workweek for full-time employees is 47 hours. Most stores are open for business on Saturday and often on Sunday as well, except in a few places where prohibited by law (see Blue law). Increasingly, employers are offering compressed work schedules to employees. Some government and corporate employees now work a 9/80 work schedule (80 hours over 9 days during a two-week period)—commonly 9 hour days Monday to Thursday, 8 hours on one Friday, and off the following Friday. There are also some government or corporate employees that work a 10/40 schedule–40 hours per week over 4 days, usually", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285722", "score": "0.8776015", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Soviet calendar", "text": "production weeks were not yet specified, and the conversion was only to \"begin during the year\". Nevertheless, many sources state that the effective date of five-day weeks was which was the beginning of the economic year. But many other lengths of continuous work weeks were used, all of which were gradually introduced. Specific lengths for continuous production weeks were first mentioned when rules for the five-day continuous work week were issued on . On building construction and seasonal trades were put on a continuous six-day week, while factories that regularly halted production every month for maintenance were put on six-", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1527905", "score": "0.87486804", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "ISO week date", "text": "America, although the work week is usually defined to start on Monday, the week itself is often considered to start on Sunday. The week number of any date can be calculated, given its ordinal date (i.e. position within the year) and its day of the week. If the ordinal date is not known, it can be computed by any of several methods; perhaps the most direct is a table such as the following. Method: Using ISO weekday numbers (running from 1 for Monday to 7 for Sunday), subtract the weekday from the ordinal date, then add 10. Divide the result", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7927171", "score": "0.87194353", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Four-day week", "text": "on transportation, heating, and substitute teachers. More modest attempts to enact a 32-hour workweek (a four-day week and an eight-hour day combined) have remained elusive in the following 80 years despite pockets of residual support. In Gambia, a four-day workweek was introduced for public officials by president Yahya Jammeh, effective as of 1 February 2013. Working hours became Mondays through Thursday 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., with Friday foreseen as a day of rest to allow residents more time for prayer and agriculture. This regulation was abolished in early 2017 by his successor, president Adama Barrow, who decreed a half-day", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12245514", "score": "0.8701819", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "Workweek and weekend The workweek and weekend are the complementary parts of the week devoted to labor and rest, respectively. The legal working week (British English), or workweek (American English), is the part of the seven-day week devoted to labor. In most of the world, the workweek is from Monday to Friday and the weekend is Saturday and Sunday, but other divisions exist: for example, many countries observing a Sunday to Thursday working week. A weekday or workday is any day of the working week. Other institutions often follow this pattern, such as places of education. Sometimes the term “weekend”", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285668", "score": "0.86963826", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Working Saturday", "text": "After the fall of the communist regime in 1989 there was still one Working Saturday per month accompanied by roughly three Vacant Saturdays (42 working hours per average week). It wasn't until the late 1990s that a five-day workweek was finally declared (reduced to 40 hrs/week). Working Saturday In some countries which have a five-day workweek with Saturday and Sunday being days off, on some occasions some Saturdays may be declared working Saturdays. Community service days are very popular in the US corporate culture. Often, employees are getting paid for working for a local NGO that cooks food for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10848064", "score": "0.8686775", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Shift plan", "text": "work day. Often the employer will alter the starting times (e.g., start at 07:00 or 08:00). A variation, \"early weekend\" or \"4½-day week\", has the employees work every Friday, but only for 4 hours each. Their weekend thus starts with the Friday lunch break. The \"DuPont 12-hour rotating plan\" provides 24/7 coverage using 4 crews and 12-hour shifts while providing a week off. Average hours is 42 per week but contains a 72-hour week which can be challenging. It is used in several manufacturing industries in the US. Companies that have gone to this schedule have noticed a decrease in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17794735", "score": "0.8655613", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Working time", "text": "especially managers will stay later in the office due to additional work load. However, large Indian companies and MNC offices located in India tend to follow a 5-day, 8- to 9-hour per day working schedule. The Government of India in some of its offices also follows a 5-day week schedule. [[Nigeria]] has public servants that work 35 hours per week. Many modern workplaces are experimenting with accommodating changes in the workforce and the basic structure of scheduled work. [[Flextime]] allows office workers to shift their working time away from [[Rush hour|rush-hour]] traffic; for example, arriving at 10:00 am and leaving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2864845", "score": "0.8643802", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "with Fridays off. Jobs in healthcare, law enforcement, transportation, retail, and other service positions commonly require employees to work on the weekend or to do shift work. Vietnam has a standard 48-hour six-day workweek. Monday to Friday are full workdays and Saturday is a partial day. Work typically begins at 8:00 AM and lasts until 5:00 PM from Monday to Friday and until 12:00 PM on Saturdays. This includes a one-hour lunch break. Government offices and banks follow a five-day workweek from Monday to Friday.. Workweek and weekend The workweek and weekend are the complementary parts of the week devoted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285723", "score": "0.8635111", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "a long midday break is given to allow time for worship. Brunei Darussalam has a non-contiguous working week, consisting of Monday to Thursday plus Saturday. The days of rest are Friday (for Jumu'ah prayers) and Sunday. Some non-government companies in Brunei adopted the working week of Monday to Friday, while the weekend starts on Saturday until Sunday. Depending on the company rules, employees may be required to work half-day on Saturday. In Israel, the standard workweek is 42 hours as prescribed by law. The typical workweek is five days, Sunday to Thursday, with 8.4 hours a day as the standard,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285711", "score": "0.85745347", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Eight-hour day", "text": "that a worker should work for 7 hours a day for 6 days a week or 8 hours a day for 7 days a week, excluding rest periods. The 8-hour work day was introduced in Belgium on September 9, 1924. The 8-hour work day was first introduced in 1907. Within the next few decades, the 8-hour system spread gradually across technically all branches of work. A worker receives 150% payment from the first two extra hours, and 200% salary if the work day exceeds 10 hours. The eight-hour day was enacted in France by Georges Clemenceau, as a way to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5381975", "score": "0.85716677", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "morning on Sunday. Workers are not obliged to work on Sunday. School children have traditionally taken Wednesday off, or had only a half day, making up the time either with longer days for the rest of the week or sometimes a half day on Saturday. This practice was made much less common under new legislation rolled out over 2013–14. The standard working week is Monday to Friday. State jobs are from 07:00 until 15:00. Shops are open generally Mondays to Fridays from 09:00–21:00 and then from Saturdays generally 09:00-20:00. It is very rare for a shop to open on Sunday", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285691", "score": "0.8515704", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Workweek and weekend", "text": "hours per week (or 40 hours per week if lunch breaks are included as working hours). Most pharmacies, shops, bars, cafés, and restaurants are open on Saturday and Sunday. In the Czech Republic, full-time employment is usually Monday to Friday, eight hours per day and forty hours per week. Many shops and restaurants are open on Saturday and Sunday, but employees still usually work forty hours per week. Denmark has an official 37-hour working week, with primary work hours between 6:00 and 18:00, Monday to Friday. In public institutions, a 30-minute lunch break every day is included as per collective", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5285688", "score": "0.85036606", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Shift plan", "text": "days to come in, to support other non-shifted departments, fill gaps in coverage, or participate in training. The \"five and two\" or \"3-2-2\" plan provides 24/7 coverage using 4 crews and 12-hour shifts over a fortnight. Average hours is 42 per week but contains a 60-hour week which can be challenging. \"5/4/9s\" or \"Five/Four Nines\" is a mix of 5-day and 4-day work weeks. Employees work in two-week cycles. Week 1, the employee works 4 days of 9 hours followed by 1 day of 8 hours with 2 days off (i.e. 44 hours). Week 2, the employee works 4 days", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17794733", "score": "0.8490394", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Workweek and weekend", "long_answer": "In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand a five-day workweek and receive it. After that, the rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40-hour workweek went into effect, that the two-day weekend was adopted nationwide.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand a five-day workweek and receive it. After that, the rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40-hour workweek went into effect, that the two-day weekend was adopted nationwide.", "short_answers": [ "1908", "1940", "In 1908" ] }

[ "latitude 90° North" ]

[ { "title": "North Pole", "text": "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289977", "score": "1.0523574", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "North Magnetic Pole", "text": "Island in northern Canada at . It was situated at in 2005. In 2009, while still situated within the Canadian Arctic territorial claim at , it was moving toward Russia at between per year. As of 2017, the pole is projected to have moved beyond the Canadian Arctic territorial claim to . Its southern hemisphere counterpart is the South Magnetic Pole. Since the Earth's magnetic field is not exactly symmetrical, the North and South Magnetic Poles are not antipodal, meaning that a straight line drawn from one to the other does not pass through the geometric centre of the Earth.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15350854", "score": "1.0344615", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "North", "text": "(\"night\"), since above the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun never shines from the north, except inside the Arctic Circle during the summer midnight sun. The direction north is often associated with colder climates because most of the world's land at high latitudes is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland) and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey). By convention, the top side of a map is often north. To go north using a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "669030", "score": "1.0207912", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "away, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly closer. The nearest permanently inhabited place is Alert in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, which is located from the Pole. The Earth's axis of rotation – and hence the position of the North Pole – was commonly believed to be fixed (relative to the surface of the Earth) until, in the 18th century, the mathematician Leonhard Euler predicted that the axis might \"wobble\" slightly. Around the beginning of the 20th century astronomers noticed a small apparent \"variation of latitude,\" as determined for a fixed point on Earth from the observation of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289979", "score": "1.0188645", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "North Magnetic Pole", "text": "North Magnetic Pole The North Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the surface of Earth's Northern Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downwards (in other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate about a horizontal axis, it will point straight down). There is only one location where this occurs, near (but distinct from) the Geographic North Pole and the Geomagnetic North Pole. The North Magnetic Pole moves over time due to magnetic changes in the Earth's core. In 2001, it was determined by the Geological Survey of Canada to lie west of Ellesmere", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15350853", "score": "1.0014579", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "North Pole, Alaska", "text": "is about south of Earth's geographic North Pole. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.47%) is water. The city is located to the north and east of the Tanana River, though access to the river is not easily made due to the extensive system of levees. Beaver Springs Slough meanders through the heart of the city, emptying into Chena Slough. Temperatures in North Pole are heavily affected by the amount of sunlight with almost no lag effect from solar radiation. North Pole's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "996149", "score": "0.9954933", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lake North Pole", "text": "Lake North Pole Lake North Pole, also known as The North Pool, is a small, shallow lake near the North Pole, and is currently the northernmost lake in the world. It came into existence in 2002, occurring each year, then freezing over in the winter. The lake, which is approximately one foot deep, is composed almost entirely of fresh water melted from the ice beneath. A web camera is stationed beside the lake to monitor changes. It was built by the Polar Science Center. On July 26, 2013, the depth was estimated to be approximately 40 cm. Members of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17460069", "score": "0.98353446", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "83-42", "text": "northerly island in the world. In most geography books Kaffeklubben Island is still listed as the northernmost land point. Another island, RTOW2001, although closer to the North Pole than ATOW1996, is not currently recognized as a permanent land area. Moreover, RTOW2001 is about further from the North Pole than 83-42 and would therefore not constitute the most northerly land. Oodaaq, at , is another semi-permanent gravel bank claimed as northernmost. All of these small islands, with the possible exception of 83-42, are not permanent. Waves and ice floes shift gravel banks around in these shallow waters. The northernmost permanent land,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14753459", "score": "0.9726367", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Mara Mountain", "text": "Mara Mountain Mara Mountain, in northern Greenland, is the closest known mountain to the North Pole. Located in the Roosevelt Range in Peary Land, it is approximately 446.17 miles (718.04 km) away from the North Pole. Named after Mara Boland, a horse trainer, mountaineer, and photographer from Santa Ynez, the mountain was first ascended during the American Top of The World Expedition of 1998 and was visited again in the 2003 Expedition led by Dennis Schmitt. The first climb to the summit was on July 14, 1998 in five hours by the team members of the Top of The World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11930173", "score": "0.9724774", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Geographic coordinate system", "text": "of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator, the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The \"longitude\" (abbreviation: Long., λ, or lambda) of a point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "587059", "score": "0.9720119", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "80°15N, 097°27E) and the Canadian coast (Ward Hant Island, 83°08N, 075°59W) took 55 days; it was ~2300 km across drifting ice and about 4000 km in total. The expedition was totally self-dependent and used no external supplies. The expedition was supported by the Russian Geographical Society. The sun at the North Pole is continuously above the horizon during the summer and continuously below the horizon during the winter. Sunrise is just before the March equinox (around 20 March); the sun then takes three months to reach its highest point of near 23½° elevation at the summer solstice (around 21 June),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290012", "score": "0.9706348", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "South Pole", "text": "a longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to \"grid north\", which points northwards along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica (although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift). It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12773963", "score": "0.9704995", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "Since 2002, the Russians have also annually established a base, Barneo, close to the Pole. This operates for a few weeks during early spring. Studies in the 2000s predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free because of Arctic ice shrinkage, with timescales varying from 2016 to the late 21st century or later. The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007 and at 4,087 m (13,410 ft) by USS \"Nautilus\" in 1958. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289978", "score": "0.9703371", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "South", "text": "south at midday. True south is the direction towards the sun end of the axis about which the Earth rotates, called the South Pole. The South Pole is located in Antarctica. Magnetic south is the direction towards the south magnetic pole, some distance away from the south geographic pole. Roald Amundsen, from Norway, was the first to reach the South Pole, on 14 December 1911, after Ernest Shackleton from the UK was forced to turn back some distance short. The Global South refers to the socially and economically less-developed southern half of the globe. 95% of the Global North has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "826235", "score": "0.96826303", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Circle of latitude", "text": "equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole. It divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Of the parallels or circles of latitude, it is the longest, and the only 'great circle' (a circle on the surface of the Earth, centered on Earth's center). All the other parallels are smaller and centered only on Earth's axis. The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours (at the June and December solstices respectively). Similarly, the Antarctic Circle marks the northernmost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1277133", "score": "0.9664477", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country from which they departed. The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290016", "score": "0.9662237", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "North Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required. It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289981", "score": "0.9652133", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mara Mountain", "text": "Expedition and it was later named Mara Mountain on July 6, 2003 in the 2003 Expedition for the northernmost island in the world. The team then had six members, including Mara Boland. Mara Mountain Mara Mountain, in northern Greenland, is the closest known mountain to the North Pole. Located in the Roosevelt Range in Peary Land, it is approximately 446.17 miles (718.04 km) away from the North Pole. Named after Mara Boland, a horse trainer, mountaineer, and photographer from Santa Ynez, the mountain was first ascended during the American Top of The World Expedition of 1998 and was visited again", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11930174", "score": "0.9644308", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "North Pole, Alaska", "text": "limits with North Pole city limits, and in the nearby census-designated place of Moose Creek. Despite the name, the city is about south of Earth's geographic North Pole and south of the Arctic Circle. The city is a summertime attraction for tourists visiting nearby Fairbanks and, due to its location on the Richardson Highway, those traveling to and from the Alaska Highway and Valdez. North Pole was home to two oil refineries, the town's major industry aside from tourism, but closed because of sulofane contamination in ground water. The larger refinery, operated by Flint Hills Resources, was a major source", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "996138", "score": "0.9603528", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Diver navigation", "text": "which remains pointing in the same direction (Magnetic North) all the time. There are occasions when the card does turn, but this is when it has been stuck or the compass is turned over, and the card is unable to remain aligned with the magnetic field. True north is the geometrically accurate direction along the surface of the earth toward the North pole of the planet’s axis of rotation. The lines of longitude on maps are in true North/South directions. The Earth has a magnetic field which is not quite in line with the geographic directions. The difference between the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7656589", "score": "0.95654404", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Latitudinally equal-differential polyconic projection", "text": "The projection is neither equal-area nor conformal; rather, it is a compromise projection. Maps on this projection do not show the north pole, instead cropping the high latitudes along a straight line whose latitude varies but that never reaches the pole. By convention, the projection is centered at 150° such that the Pacific Ocean dominates the center-right of the map and China is placed about 45° west of the central meridian, in a location favorable for low distortion. Greenland is split at the left and right edges of the map, and the northern edge of the map clips the highest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19071661", "score": "0.9555666", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "South Pole", "text": "which is defined based on the Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, the Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small \"wobbles\" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work. The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12773962", "score": "0.9494844", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "World Map at Lake Klejtrup", "text": "in this way the World Map took shape. Some of the stones used weighted more than 2 tonnes. Poulsen created the World Map between 1944 and 1969. It measures 45 by 90 metres (49 by 98 yards), covering an area of over 4000 square meters (1 acre). One 111-kilometre (69 mi) degree of latitude corresponds to 27 centimetres (11 inches) on the map. On Poulsen's map, Antarctica is not present and the Northern Hemisphere is marked in two places, ensuring a better impression of the correct distances between the countries to avoid the difficulties of spreading out our planet's globular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6556018", "score": "0.94922423", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "North Pole", "text": "expedition was dropped by parachute and completed the track to the North Pole. The 2000 expedition departed from a Russian research base around 114 km from the Pole and claimed an average speed of 20–15 km/h in an average temperature of −30 °C. Commercial airliner flights on the Polar routes may pass within viewing distance of the North Pole. For example, the flight from Chicago to Beijing may come close as latitude 89° N, though because of prevailing winds return journeys go over the Bering Strait. In recent years journeys to the North Pole by air (landing by helicopter or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290004", "score": "0.94746506", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Navigation", "text": "from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the North and South poles. The latitude of the North Pole is 90° N, and the latitude of the South Pole is 90° S. Mariners calculated latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by sighting the North Star Polaris with a sextant and using sight reduction tables to correct for height of eye and atmospheric refraction. The height of Polaris in degrees above the horizon is the latitude of the observer, within a degree or so. Similar to latitude, the longitude of a place on Earth is the angular distance east or west of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290192", "score": "0.94700724", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ellef Ringnes Island", "text": "Earth's wandering Magnetic North Pole. In April and May 1994, Larry Newitt, of the Geological Survey of Canada, and Charles Barton, of the Australian Geological Survey Organization, conducted a survey to determine the average position of the North Magnetic Pole at that time. They established a temporary magnetic observatory on Lougheed Island, close to the predicted position of the pole. They determined that the average position of the North Magnetic Pole in 1994 was located on the Noice Peninsula, southwest Ellef Ringnes Island, at 78.3° N, 104.0° W. The pole shifted from the island that year and now lies some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3544859", "score": "0.94693124", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Pytheas", "text": "the North Pole in latitude as the Summer Tropic is from the Equator. Strabo gives it as 24°, which may be based on a previous tangent of Pytheas, but he does not say. The Arctic Circle would then be at 66°, accurate to within a degree. Seen from the equator the celestial North Pole (\"boreios polos\") is a point on the horizon. As the observer moves northward the pole rises and the circumpolar stars appear, now unblocked by the Earth. At the Tropic of Cancer the radius of the circumpolar stars reaches 24°. The edge stands on the horizon. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "314018", "score": "0.94567585", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "North Magnetic Pole", "text": "and so is in a physical sense actually a magnetic \"south\" pole. It is the centre of the region of the magnetosphere in which the Aurora Borealis can be seen. As of 2015 it was located at approximately , over Ellesmere Island, Canada but it is now drifting away from North America and toward Siberia. Over the life of the Earth, the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times, with magnetic north becoming magnetic south and vice versa – an event known as a geomagnetic reversal. Evidence of geomagnetic reversals can be seen at mid-ocean ridges where tectonic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15350868", "score": "0.9438483", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "60th parallel north", "text": "60th parallel north The 60th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 60 degrees north of Earth's equator. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. Although it lies approximately twice as far away from the Equator as from the North Pole, the 60th parallel is half as long as the Equator line. This is where the Earth bulges halfway as much as on the Equator. At this latitude, the Sun is visible for 18 hours, 52 minutes during the June solstice and 5 hours, 52 minutes during the December solstice. The maximum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12138494", "score": "0.94322765", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "North Pole", "long_answer": "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.", "chunked_long_answer": "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.", "short_answers": [ "latitude 90° North" ] }

[ "Lady Gaga" ]

[ { "title": "Super Bowl LI halftime show", "text": "The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas as part of Super Bowl LI. The show was headlined by Lady Gaga, who performed a medley of her songs, including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563346", "score": "1.2333728", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock band Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\" (which was removed from the setlist before the game), would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson (Mars's collaborator on \"Uptown Funk\") also performed. Denver took the opening kickoff of Super Bowl 50 and started out strong. Quarterback Peyton Manning completed an 18-yard pass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084512", "score": "1.2110401", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LI halftime show", "text": "of the stage, shouted \"Super Bowl 51\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567743", "score": "1.2069972", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "of California Marching Band. Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, and a troupe of backing dancers (dressed in the style of Michael Jackson) then performed \"Uptown Funk\". Beyoncé, also in a Jackson-inspired outfit and appearing with a set of backing dancers dressed as Black Panthers, then performed her new single \"Formation\" in a mass choreographed dance number before joining Mars onstage for a verse of \"Uptown Funk\". Coldplay played a snippet of \"Clocks\" during a video montage of past Super Bowl halftime and national anthem performances, including those by Bruce Springsteen, Missy Elliott, Katy Perry, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Stevie Wonder,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563350", "score": "1.1653831", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVI", "text": "by \"Askmen.com\". Janet Jackson was originally selected to perform at the Halftime Show, but she instead allowed U2 to perform a tribute to the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She performed again for the Super Bowl halftime two years later, when her highly controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident occurred. The Rams scored first midway through the first quarter, with quarterback Kurt Warner completing 6-of-7 passes for 43 yards on a 48-yard, 10-play drive to set up a 50-yard field goal by kicker Jeff Wilkins. At the time, the field goal was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "403930", "score": "1.1447839", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17079291", "score": "1.1417404", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17836780", "score": "1.1313926", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXI", "text": "Bowl. The pregame show featured Los del Río, who performed their multi-platinum smash hit \"Macarena\", the dance craze that became a worldwide summer hit in 1996. Country singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter and Cajun musical group BeauSoleil also appeared singing Carpenter's hit \"Down at the Twist and Shout\". R&B singer Luther Vandross later sang the national anthem, and Miss Louisiana 1996 Erika Schwarz Wright performed sign language for the national anthem. The coin toss ceremony featured the winning head coaches of the Super Bowls that had previously been in New Orleans: Hank Stram (Super Bowl IV), Tom Landry (Super Bowl VI,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394869", "score": "1.1281906", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "game itself and won two Emmy Awards in September 2015. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna. However, \"The Wall Street Journal\" also reported that league representatives asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made following the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18329766", "score": "1.1245153", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy", "text": "radio station group Infinity Broadcasting. Jackson was intended to appear at the 46th Grammy Awards, which was being held the following week and televised by CBS, but her invitation was withdrawn due to the incident. Jackson was originally scheduled to appear as a presenter for a tribute to Luther Vandross, performed by Celine Dion, Richard Marx and Alicia Keys, and was chosen due to previously collaborating with Vandross on the number-one hit \"The Best Things in Life Are Free\". According to \"People Magazine\", Jackson \"had been slated to speak before the accolade but was being pressured to bow out gracefully", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2734547", "score": "1.1220201", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", "text": "artist under the age of AARP eligibility\" to headline the Super Bowl halftime show. Initial reports mentioned that Beyoncé's husband, Jay-Z was a potential collaborator on the show. However, he did not appear during the show, and a source told to \"Us Weekly\" that he changed his decision at the last minute as he wanted the performance \"to be her moment and didn't want to take away from it\". The halftime show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. During the performance Beyoncé was dressed in an oversized black jacket, lace-and-leather bodysuit and thigh-high stockings. Kelly Rowland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17079293", "score": "1.1049696", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "an additional performer. Previously, when teasing her female guest performer, Perry revealed: \"I wanted to bring someone back, a throwback of sorts\", which would create a \"female fun night, a bit of old-school\". In preparation for her performance, she watched videos of previous halftime show performances by Diana Ross, Beyoncé, Madonna, and Michael Jackson. Having spent months working on the show, Perry wanted it to be \"a whole different show\" from her Prismatic World Tour, which she was still embarking on. She also met with previous halftime performer Bruno Mars to seek advice on how to prepare for the performance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18329768", "score": "1.1010772", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "\"That's what you're doing?\", to which she replied \"There's nothing more we can do these last two days. It's gonna be what it's gonna be. So I'm gonna enjoy this bag of Cheetos.\" Mars strongly believes that Beyoncé is \"coming for you every single time. So you better bring your A-game every time.\" The show opened with Chris Martin singing the opening chorus from \"Yellow\". He was then joined by the remaining band members of Coldplay to perform \"Viva la Vida\", \"Paradise\", and \"Adventure of a Lifetime\" with the Youth Orchestra Los Angeles conducted by Gustavo Dudamel and the University", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563349", "score": "1.1010587", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "Needham of \"The Guardian\" gave the performance four stars, saying that \"Queen Bey at the height of her powers effortlessly overwhelmed Coldplay's widescreen anthems in a show that seemed lightweight until she showed up\". Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" stated that Martin \"seemed overwhelmed\" by the size of the event, and that despite being a \"personable and energetic performer\", an \"awful lot\" of Martin's energy \"went into jumping\". Bianco praised Beyoncé's appearance and stated that she \"stole the show\". Wendy Geller of Yahoo! also complimented Beyoncé's and Mars' appearances, but criticized the montage of previous halftime performances, describing it as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563353", "score": "1.1002606", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show with 118.5 million viewers. Beyoncé's performance at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show became the most tweeted-about moment in Twitter history with 268,000 tweets per minute. In the week ending February 10, 2013, Beyoncé sold 220,000 digital song downloads in the US, while Destiny's Child sold 60,000; up 80% and 36% on the previous week, respectively. Set list adapted from BBC. Super Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17079304", "score": "1.0996914", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18329765", "score": "1.0959353", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", "text": "American pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17836781", "score": "1.0943542", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLII", "text": "show before a final choice (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers) was announced. The halftime entertainer selection process in late 2007 was not unusual: however, since the site selection process four years earlier was of special interest, it is necessary to also mention some of the acts who might have performed, but did not do so. According to the entertainment publication \"Variety\", a wish list of potential halftime performers was developed by the NFL. Among those on the wish list were Bruce Springsteen (who performed during halftime at Super Bowl XLIII the following year), Norah Jones and the Eagles. In addition,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4243442", "score": "1.0941184", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "Diana Ross, James Brown, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, The Black Eyed Peas, U2, Prince, Beyoncé and Mars. The show concluded with the band performing \"Fix You\" and \"Up&Up\" with Beyoncé, Mars and everyone taking part in the show. At the end of the performance, the audience participated in a card-stunt creating a rainbow and the phrase, \"Believe in love\", the closing lyrics to Coldplay's \"A Head Full of Dreams\". The performance received generally mixed review from critics, who complimented Beyoncé and Mars' part of the performance but were critical of Coldplay. Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" stated that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563351", "score": "1.0921879", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show The Super Bowl XLVI halftime show took place on February 5, 2012 at the Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana as part of Super Bowl XLVI. It featured Madonna and guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and CeeLo Green. In 2011, the National Football League (NFL) announced that Madonna would perform at the Super Bowl XLVI show. The singer collaborated with Cirque du Soleil for the show, where her longtime choreographer Jamie King was music director; King, in turn, enlisted the multimedia-show producer Moment Factory. Madonna performed four songs, beginning with \"Vogue\" in a Roman-Egyptian setting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076829", "score": "1.0917308", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "but Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567780", "score": "1.0905423", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLI", "text": "gave the Super Bowl its name. American singer and musician Prince performed in the halftime show. The setlist for Prince's performance was a short rendition of \"We Will Rock You\" by Queen; Prince's hit songs \"Let's Go Crazy\" and \"Baby I'm a Star\"; covers of Creedence Clearwater Revival's \"Proud Mary\", Bob Dylan's \"All Along the Watchtower\", and Foo Fighters' \"Best of You\"; and finally his signature song \"Purple Rain\" in the downpour. The 12-minute performance featured Prince accompanied by two dancers he called \"The Twinz\" (Maya and Nandy McClean) and the Florida A&M University marching band, the Marching 100. Prince", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4185099", "score": "1.0880198", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "of \"Billboard\": \"It's Madonna Louise Ciccone's world, we're just living in it\". Randall Roberts of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that although the choice of Madonna as halftime-show performer was a subject of discussion, the singer was \"defiantly unconcerned with the more conservative red state wing of the football fanbase who'd never be caught dead singing along to one of her songs ... and her halftime show was pure spectacle by the Cleopatra of the game ... Madonna is Madonna for a reason. And we saw it firsthand Sunday.\" \"Chicago Tribune\" critic Greg Kot called the show an \"S&M party", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076860", "score": "1.087728", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy", "text": "2018, neither Jackson nor Timberlake are banned from the halftime show. Timberlake later performed at Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. In 2002, \"Entertainment Weekly\" reported that Jackson was the original choice to perform at the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVI, however the NFL ultimately decided to select U2 to headline it after a group of NFL owners and officials attended the band's concert in New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, the NFL announced that Jackson would be the headline performer of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Because the event was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2734472", "score": "1.0859429", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"Filthy\" in a club setting below the field level", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567776", "score": "1.0854557", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Super Bowl", "text": "sketch comedy series \"In Living Color\" caused a drop in viewership for the Super Bowl XXVI halftime show, the NFL sought to increase the Super Bowl's audience by hiring A-list talent to perform. They approached Michael Jackson, whose performance the following year drew higher figures than the game itself. Another notable performance came during Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002, when U2 performed; during their third song, \"Where the Streets Have No Name\", the band played under a large projection screen which scrolled through names of the victims of the September 11 attacks. For many years, Whitney Houston's performance of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "376036", "score": "1.0849323", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "signed by the NFL for the Super Bowl halftime show, and in December the league confirmed that Madonna would perform in the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. The game was scheduled for February 5, 2012, and its organizers continued their practice of inviting global musicians to perform. Artists who had previously performed in the show included the Black Eyed Peas, Bruce Springsteen, the Rolling Stones, the Who, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, U2, Paul McCartney and Prince. The show coincided with the release of \"W.E.\" in United States. Madonna collaborated with Cirque du Soleil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076837", "score": "1.0847721", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX", "text": "for her closing song, \"Firework\". She rose out of midfield on a narrow platform that was attached to a shooting star prop, and flew above the crowds. During this performance, fireworks exploded around Perry and the stadium. The star Perry flew around the stadium attached to was heavily compared to \"The More You Know\"s public service announcements logo. It was the most-watched halftime show of all time, with a total TV audience of 120.7 million. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a short list of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12304597", "score": "1.0799813", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXVII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was broadcast on NBC. This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount and has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history with 133.4 million viewers. Jackson's performance started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. After Super Bowl XXVI, where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20550654", "score": "1.0786109", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Super Bowl LI halftime show", "long_answer": "The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas as part of Super Bowl LI. The show was headlined by Lady Gaga, who performed a medley of her songs, including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas as part of Super Bowl LI. The show was headlined by Lady Gaga, who performed a medley of her songs, including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne.", "short_answers": [ "Lady Gaga" ] }

[ "September 1980", "R2E Micral CCMC" ]

[ { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "The portable micro computer the “Portal\" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Toshiba T1100", "text": "Toshiba T1100 The T1100 was a laptop manufactured by Toshiba in 1985, and has subsequently been described by Toshiba as \"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\". Its technical specifications were comparable to the original IBM PC desktop, using floppy disks (it had no hard drive), a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88 CPU (a variation of the Intel 8088), and a monochrome LCD capable of displaying 80x25 text and 640x200 CGA graphics. Its original price was 1899 USD. The T1100 PLUS is a later model of this laptop, released to the market in 1986. Some significant differences to the T1100 are, 80C86", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350181", "score": "1.0462829", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "in 1985, and has subsequently described it as \"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\". It did not have a hard drive, and ran entirely from floppy disks. The CPU was a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88, a variation of the popular Intel 8088, and the display was a monochrome, text-only 640x200 LCD. It was followed in 1987 by the T1000 and T1200. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines, with the operating system stored in ROM, the Toshiba models were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run from lead-acid batteries. They also introduced the now-standard \"resume\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798614", "score": "1.035027", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper as well, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. It anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, and as a ROM-based machine with a small display, can – like the \"TRS-80 Model 100\" – also be seen as a forerunner of the personal digital assistant. By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. The COMPAQ SLT/286 debuted in October 1988, being the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798618", "score": "1.0097744", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "which doubled as an adjustable stand. It was announced in January 1983 and released a year later, at $995 USD. Possibly the first commercial IBM-compatible laptop was the Kaypro 2000, introduced in 1985. With its brushed aluminum clamshell case, it was remarkably similar in design to modern laptops. It featured a 25 line by 80 character LCD, a detachable keyboard, and a pop-up 90 mm (3.5-inch) floppy drive. Also among the first commercial IBM-compatible laptops was the IBM PC Convertible, introduced in 1986. It had a CGA-compatible LCD and 2 floppy drives. It weighed . Toshiba launched the Toshiba T1100", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798613", "score": "1.008244", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "Two other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a \"laptop\". It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Like the GRiD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Both had LCDs, and could connect to optional external printers. The Dulmont Magnum, launched internationally in 1984, was an Australian portable similar in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798609", "score": "1.0051553", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "created in 1982 which one of the first 100% IBM PC compatible systems. The first shipment was in March 1983 and was priced at $2,995. The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine. The third model of this development, Compaq Portable II, featured high resolution graphics on its tube display. It was the first portable computer ready to be used on the shop floor, and for CAD and diagram display. It established Compaq as a major brand on the market. Another significant machine announced in 1981, although first sold widely in 1983,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798603", "score": "0.9974097", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "or 10 MB hard disk storage. Dulmont was eventually taken over by Time Office Computers, who marketed the Magnum internationally in 16 and 25 line LCD versions, and also introduced the brandname Kookaburra to emphasize its Australian origins. The \"Ampere\", a laptop with a sleek clamshell design by Ryu Oosake, was made in 1983. It offered a MC68008 microprocessor dedicated to running an APL interpreter residing in ROM. It was released as the Ampere WS-1. The TRS-80 Model 100 was an early portable computer introduced in 1983. It was one of the first notebook-style computers, featuring a keyboard and LCD,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798607", "score": "0.9889039", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Toshiba T1100", "text": "CPU, 7.16 MHz or 4.77 MHz operation, expandable to 640 kB of RAM, and two internal diskette drives. The T1100 was named an IEEE Milestone in 2009. Toshiba T1100 The T1100 was a laptop manufactured by Toshiba in 1985, and has subsequently been described by Toshiba as \"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\". Its technical specifications were comparable to the original IBM PC desktop, using floppy disks (it had no hard drive), a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88 CPU (a variation of the Intel 8088), and a monochrome LCD capable of displaying 80x25 text and 640x200 CGA graphics. Its original price", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350182", "score": "0.9873507", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "IBM PC Convertible", "text": "laptops from companies such as Toshiba and Zenith that were lighter and offered similar specifications, sometimes at half the price. The keyboard was also widely criticized. IBM PC Convertible The IBM PC Convertible is the first laptop computer released by IBM. Released on April 3, 1986, the Convertible was also the first IBM computer to use the 3½-inch floppy disk format which went on to become the industry standard. Like modern laptops, it featured power management and the ability to run from batteries. It was the follow-up to the IBM Portable and was model number 5140. It was replaced in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1945598", "score": "0.9833517", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "color displays (PowerBook 165c, 1993), and first true touchpad (PowerBook 500 series, 1994), first 16-bit stereo audio, and first built-in Ethernet network adapter (PowerBook 500, 1994). In 1994, IBM released the RS/6000 N40 laptop based on a PowerPC microprocessor running the AIX operating system, a variant of UNIX. It was manufactured by Tadpole Technology (now Tadpole Computer), who also manufactured laptops based on SPARC and Alpha microprocessors, the SPARCbook and ALPHAbook lines, respectively. The summer of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computing. In August of that year Microsoft introduced Windows 95. It was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798622", "score": "0.9832511", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Laptop", "text": "45 x 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was the aptly named Prologue. The Osborne 1, released in 1981, was a luggable computer that used the Zilog Z80 and weighed . It had no battery, a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, and dual single-density floppy drives. Both Tandy/RadioShack and Hewlett Packard (HP) also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period. The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The Dulmont Magnum was released in Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–85. The US$8,150 (US$ today) GRiD Compass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1618928", "score": "0.98272705", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Olivetti", "text": "first PC to have the Intel 80286 processor. In 1983 Olivetti produced its M10 laptop computer, a 8085-based workalike of the successful Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100, which it marketed in Europe. These were the first laptops to sell in million-unit quantities, though the itself only attained sales figures in the tens of thousands and went out of production within two years. In 1985 the company acquired a controlling share in the British computer manufacturer Acorn Computers Ltd; a third partner was Thomson SA. Olivetti sold the Thomson MO6 and Acorn BBC Master Compact with brand names Olivetti Prodest PC128", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3492848", "score": "0.9787297", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "PC-9800 series", "text": "released in 1989, The NEC UltraLite. By 1990, the 32-bit PC-9801 NC model became the world's first laptop/notebook computer with a colour TFT LCD display. The first model, the PC-9801, was launched on October 1982, and employed an 8086 CPU. It ran at a clock speed of 5 MHz, with two µPD7220 display controllers (one for text, the other for video graphics), and shipped with 128 KB of RAM, expandable to 640 KB. Its 8-color display had a maximum resolution of 640×400 pixels. Its successor, the PC-9801E, which appeared in 1983, employed an 8086-2 CPU, which could selectively run at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5156688", "score": "0.9683235", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Outbound laptop", "text": "Outbound laptop The Outbound laptop is an Apple Macintosh-compatible laptop computer. It is powered by a 15-MHz Motorola 68000 processor. Later versions increased the clock speed to 20 MHz. Outbound Systems Inc. was located in Boulder, Colorado; but, due to their kangaroo logo, many believed that it was an Australian company. The Outbound laptop was introduced in 1989 and was significantly lighter, at just over 4 kg, and easier to carry than Apple's own Macintosh Portable released at around the same time. Due to Apple's refusal to license the Macintosh Toolbox in read-only memory (ROM), Outbound users had to install", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6054514", "score": "0.9611459", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Chuck Colby", "text": "the very earliest and, for a time, only Apple-sanctioned vendor of Macintosh-compatible portables such as the ruggedized \"luggable\" MacColby and the WalkMac laptop, which could be purchased with a 68030-based SE/30 motherboard which generated sales even after Apple's first laptop hit the market because Apple's Macintosh Portable was only available with the considerably slower 68000 microprocessor as used in the original Macintosh. Colby is also mentioned in Steve Wozniak's book iWoz as having introduced Wozniak to early satellite television, which was mentioned as the impetus for Wozniak to leave Apple so he could design, then start a company to market,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16868842", "score": "0.96085197", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "a notebook and fold its clamshell LCD like a book cover over the rest of its body. The first Apple Computer machine designed to be used on the go was the 1989 Macintosh Portable (although an LCD screen had been an option for the transportable Apple IIc in 1984). Unlike the Compaq LTE laptop released earlier in the year the Macintosh Portable was actually a \"luggable\" not a laptop, but the Mac Portable was praised for its clear active matrix display and long battery life, but was a poor seller due to its bulk. In the absence of a true", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798620", "score": "0.9604322", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "major brand and an Asian original equipment manufacturer. In 1987, HP released a portable version of their Vectra CS computer. It had the classic laptop configuration (keyboard and monitor closes up clam-shell style in order to carry), however, it was very heavy and fairly large. It had a full-size keyboard (with separate numeric keypad) and a large amber LCD screen. While it was offered with dual 3.5-inch floppy disk drives, the most common configuration was a 20 MB hard drive and a single floppy drive. It was one of the first machines with a 1.44 MB density 3.5-inch disk drive.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798617", "score": "0.9599736", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Richard Grimsdale", "text": "by his wife Shirley Roberts Grimsdale and daughters Susan and Kathryn. Richard Grimsdale Richard Lawrence Grimsdale (18 September 1929 – 6 December 2005) was a British electrical engineer and computer pioneer who helped to design the world's first transistorised computer. Richard Lawrence Grimsdale was born on 18 September 1929 in Australia, where his father, an English engineer, was working on construction of the suburban railway system for the Metropolitan-Vickers company. The family returned to England, where he was educated at Manchester Grammar, and then studied electrical engineering at Manchester University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science, his Master of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10834770", "score": "0.959483", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "them were: In June 2007, Asus announced the Eee PC 701 to be released in October, a small lightweight x86 Celeron-M ULV 353 powered laptop with 4 GB SDHC disk and a 7-inch screen. Despite previous attempts to launch small lightweight computers such as ultra-portable PC, the Eee was the first success story largely due to its low cost, small size, low weight and versatility. The term 'Netbook' was later dubbed by Intel. Asus then extended the Eee line with models with features such as a 9-inch screen and other brands, including Acer, MSI and Dell followed suit with similar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798626", "score": "0.95587254", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Outbound laptop", "text": "ceased operations in 1994. Outbound laptop The Outbound laptop is an Apple Macintosh-compatible laptop computer. It is powered by a 15-MHz Motorola 68000 processor. Later versions increased the clock speed to 20 MHz. Outbound Systems Inc. was located in Boulder, Colorado; but, due to their kangaroo logo, many believed that it was an Australian company. The Outbound laptop was introduced in 1989 and was significantly lighter, at just over 4 kg, and easier to carry than Apple's own Macintosh Portable released at around the same time. Due to Apple's refusal to license the Macintosh Toolbox in read-only memory (ROM), Outbound", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6054519", "score": "0.9541824", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "battery-powered laptop to support an internal hard disk drive and a VGA compatible LCD screen. It weighed 14 lbs. The NEC UltraLite, released in mid-1989, was perhaps the first \"notebook\" computer, weighing just 2 kg (4.4 lbs). In lieu of a floppy or hard drive, it contained a 2 megabyte RAM drive, but this reduced its utility as well as its size. Although portable computers with clamshell LCD screens already existed before it, the Ultralite was the first computer in a notebook form-factor. It was significantly smaller than all portable computers that came before it. People can actually carry-it like", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798619", "score": "0.9530512", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Richard Muirhead", "text": "BMC in 2009. Richard Muirhead was born on 24 January 1972 and was brought up in both Adelaide, Australia until 1979. His parents moved to England and lived next to the entrepreneur & inventor Sir Clive Sinclair who is most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980. Richard picked-up his first home computer directly from him the SinclairZ81 in 1981. Richard graduated from Jesus College, Cambridge University where he graduated with a Master of Arts with Honours in Engineering. Richard Muirhead interned as a trainee mechanical engineer at Lotus, using Finite Element", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18412476", "score": "0.95156837", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Kapil Sibal", "text": "day Sibal showcased his future laptop. The event was attended by two members of the Union Cabinet. This also lead to an open letter by Nicholas Negroponte offering him complete access to MIT and OLPC technologies to help realise India's dream to create a laptop of its own. The computer was eventually released online as the UbiSlate7C1 tablet PC at and the Ubislate7C+ tablet PC at As of February 2012, Datawind had over 1,400,000 pre-orders, but had only shipped 10,000 units - 0.7% of orders. As of November 2012, many customers who put in orders still had not received their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5589881", "score": "0.9505055", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "was the Epson HX-20. A simple handheld computer, it featured a full-transit 68-key keyboard, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, a small (120×32-pixel) dot-matrix LCD with 4 lines of text, 20 characters per line text mode, a 24 column dot matrix printer, a Microsoft BASIC interpreter, and 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB). Through at least the late 1980s Epson continued to release laptops such as the L3s. The first laptop in the modern form was the Grid Compass 1101, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979–80, and released in 1983. Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798604", "score": "0.94980764", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of laptops", "text": "the Dulmont Magnum, designed Barry Wilkinson and Terry Crews Engineering Manager at Dulmison in 1982 and released in Australia in 1983 It included an 80×8 display in a lid that closed against the keyboard. It was based on the MS-DOS operating system and applications stored in ROM (A:) and also supported removable modules in expansion slots (B: and C:) that could be custom programmed EPROM or standard word processing and spreadsheet applications. However, the Magnum had no nonvolatile memory, but could suspend and retain memory in RAM, including a RAM Disk (D:). A separate expansion box provided dual 5.25-inch floppy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11798606", "score": "0.945341", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "ThinkPad W series", "text": "features on the laptop were a digital display port, three USB ports, a docking port, a maximum possible resolution of 1920x1200 pixels, Intel Core 2 Duo processors and an ATI FireGL v5700 GPU. Released in October 2008, the W700 laptop was lauded for its performance and for a host of features that were industry-first at the time. It was the first laptop with an integrated color calibrator. In addition, digitizer was available on the palm rest. With an available quad-core Intel Core 2 Extreme processor and NVIDIA Quadro FX 3700M workstation graphics, the laptop was among the most powerful at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15752185", "score": "0.94367206", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "One Laptop per Child", "text": "The country reportedly became the first in the world where every primary school child received a free laptop on October 13, 2009 as part of the \"Plan Ceibal\" (Education Connect). Unfortunately, even though roughly 35% of all OLPC computers went to Uruguay, a 2013 study by the Economics Institute (University of the Republic, Uruguay) of the Ceibal plan concluded that use of the laptops did not improve literacy and that the use of the laptops was mostly recreational, with only 4.1% of the laptops being used \"all\" or \"most\" days in 2012. The main conclusion was that the results showed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5442736", "score": "0.9431828", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "PC-9800 series", "text": "PC-9800 series The , commonly shortened to PC-98, is a lineup of Japanese 16-bit and 32-bit personal computers manufactured by NEC from 1982 through 2000. The platform established NEC's dominance in the Japanese personal computer market, and by 1999, more than 18 million PC-98 units had been sold. surpassing the Commodore 64 as the best-selling home computer system of the 20th century. The Laptop versions of the PC-9801 were also being sold in the late 1980s. The first was the PC-98 LT, released in 1986. It is considered the world's first mass-market laptop PC. The world's first notebook computer was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5156687", "score": "0.94148695", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Toshiba T1200", "text": "Toshiba T1200 The Toshiba T1200 was a laptop manufactured by the Toshiba Corporation, first made in 1987. It was an upgraded version of the Toshiba T1100 Plus. It was equipped with an Intel 80C86 processor at of which 384 kB could be used for LIM EMS or as a RAMdisk, CGA graphics card, one 720 kB 3.5\" floppy drive and one 20 MB hard drive (Some models had two floppy drives and no harddrive controller card.) MS-DOS 3.30 was included with the laptop. It was the first laptop with a swappable battery pack. Its original price was 6499 USD. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9639180", "score": "0.94122416", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "History of laptops", "long_answer": "The portable micro computer the “Portal\" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk: capacity = 140 000 characters, of a thermal printer: speed = 28 characters / second, an asynchronous channel, a synchronous channel, a 220V power supply. Designed for an operating temperature of 15 ° C to 35 ° C, it weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45cm x 45cm x 15cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was Prologue.", "chunked_long_answer": "The portable micro computer the “Portal\" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk:", "short_answers": [ "R2E Micral CCMC", "September 1980" ] }

[ "2017" ]

[ { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "Division from 1969 to 1993, and the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series, in 2005, against the Chicago White Sox, in which they were swept in four games. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in both the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They subsequently won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and Texas, its first World Series title.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2005 National League Championship Series", "text": "Rodriguez in the fifth. The Astros scored one run in the sixth on Adam Everett's sacrifice bunt off of Jason Marquis and another in the seventh on Morgan Ensberg's RBI single off of Julian Tavarez. This was the final game at Busch Stadium (II). This would also be the Astros' last postseason win as a member of the NL, as they would get swept in the World Series, move to the AL in 2013, and would not win another postseason game until the 2015 American League Wild Card Game. Roy Oswalt was named the series MVP. In two starts, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148313", "score": "1.1243191", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2005 Houston Astros season", "text": "and the first 1-0 game in any Series game since Game 5 of the 1996 World Series when the New York Yankees shut out the Braves in the last game ever played at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. 2005 World Series (4-0): Chicago White Sox (A.L.) over Houston Astros (N.L.) 2005 Houston Astros season The Houston Astros' 2005 season was a season in which the Houston Astros qualified for the postseason for the second consecutive season. The Astros overcame a sluggish 15–30 start to claim the wild card playoff spot, and would go on to win the National League pennant to advance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11021289", "score": "1.0867486", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "Astros won the National League Division Series against the Atlanta Braves, 3–1, with a game four that set postseason records for most innings (18), most players used by a single team (23), and longest game time (5 hours and 50 minutes). Trailing by a score of 6–1, Lance Berkman hit an eighth-inning grand slam to narrow the score to 6–5. In the bottom of the ninth, catcher Brad Ausmus hit a game-tying home run that allowed the game to continue in extra innings. In the bottom of the tenth inning, Luke Scott hit a blast to left field that had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183843", "score": "1.0784647", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "1980 National League West tie-breaker game", "text": "until April 30. They were not as successful over the remainder of the season, only occasionally taking the division lead and last holding it on August 16. The Astros held the lead for the majority of the season thereafter, including a three-game lead over Los Angeles entering the final series of the season. The series matched the Astros with the Dodgers for three games at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers won all three games, all by a single run, stopping the Astros from clinching a division championship as the two teams sat tied at 92–70. Kindred described the Astros as losing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13429499", "score": "1.0717475", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2005 National League Championship Series", "text": "October 19, 2005 at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri The Astros shook off the effects of their Game 5 loss, and rolled to win their first National League pennant in 44 seasons of existence with a decisive 5–1 win over the Cardinals. The Astros scored a run in the third when the Cardinals' Mark Mulder threw a wild pitch to Craig Biggio with runners on second and third, then Biggio's RBI single scored another. Jason Lane's home run in the fourth put them up 3−0. Roy Oswalt pitched seven strong innings, allowing only a sacrifice fly to John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148312", "score": "1.0702002", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2001 National League Division Series", "text": "With that record, 2001 was also the Braves' worst season since 1990, when they had the worst record in baseball. The Houston Astros were in the playoffs for the seventh time, hoping to avenge two postseason losses in the 1990s to the Braves. At 93–69, and having home field advantage throughout the playoffs, the Astros were heavily favored to win this series. Enron Field in Houston In Game 1, Greg Maddux of Atlanta faced Wade Miller of Houston. Brian Jordan drove in the first two runs of the game, hitting a sacrifice fly in the first with runners on first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8325796", "score": "1.0696831", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "1980 National League Championship Series", "text": "Forsch took the loss. The Astros arrived in Philadelphia only hours before the first pitch after defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium in a one-game playoff the previous afternoon to win the Western Division championship. It was the fourth consecutive game in Los Angeles for the club, as the Dodgers swept Houston in the final three games of the regular season to force the playoff. This was the first home postseason win for the Phillies since the 1915 World Series. Houston evened the series in Game 2, a seesaw contest that would prove typical of the series as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7961028", "score": "1.0672464", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "last 8 games and were 8–10, in 3rd place in the NL Central, and only 3 games back from the Cardinals. Unfortunately for the Astros, this hot streak would end soon. In the next game against the Cincinnati Reds, the Astros lost 6–2. In the next game, the Astros rallied for 3 in the 9th but still lost 6–4. In the series finale, the Astros lost 4–2, being swept for the third time in seven series this season. Going to Turner Field to face the Atlanta Braves, and lost 4–2 again to conclude April with an 8–14 mark, and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939995", "score": "1.0625402", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2005 National League Championship Series", "text": "Larry Walker advanced to third when the Astros failed to call timeout after the play at the plate. John Mabry ended the threat by grounding into a double play. La Russa's ejection marked the first time a manager was ejected from a postseason game since 1998, when Mike Hargrove was thrown out of a game between his Cleveland Indians and the New York Yankees. Houston was one game away from the franchise's first visit to the World Series after a 2–1 Game 4 win. Monday, October 17, 2005 at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas The Astros struck first in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148309", "score": "1.0599937", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2018 Houston Astros season", "text": "in the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. The Houston Astros entered the 2018 Major League Baseball season as defending World Series champions after defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. In addition to achieving their first-ever World Series championship, they claimed both their first American League (AL) pennant and AL West division championship. Center fielder George Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and right-handed starting pitcher Justin Verlander was the American League Championship Series (ALCS) MVP. A number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20401068", "score": "1.059964", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2004 Houston Astros season", "text": "4–2 extra-inning loss. After seven failed attempts in 43 years of franchise history to win a playoff series, the Astros defeated the Atlanta Braves in five games for their first. Behind the quartet dubbed the \"Killer B's\" – composed of Bagwell, Beltrán, Berkman and Biggio – who batted .395 (34-for-86) with eight home runs, 21 RBI and 24 runs scored, the Astros' offense ignited, scoring an NLDS-record 36 runs. Beltrán homered four times in this series. The Astros faced the St. Louis Cardinals in the playoffs for the first time in 2004 in the National League Championship Series (NLCS). By", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11021304", "score": "1.0568984", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "Dodgers. Houston got the final AL playoff spot and faced the Yankees in the Wild Card Game on October 6 at New York. They defeated the Yankees 3–0, but lost to the Kansas City Royals in the American League Division Series. The Astros split the first two games of the ALDS best-of-five series in Kansas City. The Astros won the first game at Minute Maid to take a 2–1 lead in the ALDS. In game 4, after 7 innings, the Astros had a 6–2 lead. In the top half of the eighth inning, which took about 45 minutes to end,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183866", "score": "1.054298", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "1980 National League Championship Series", "text": "run in the bottom of the inning on an error by Reynolds at shortstop. But Astros reliever Joaquín Andújar came in and held on for the save to tie the series at 1-1. Houston's Astrodome was always known as a pitcher's park, and the domed stadium lived up to its reputation when the series moved there for Game 3. The two teams' pitching staffs combined to yield only thirteen hits and one run in the game's eleven innings. Houston's Joe Niekro pitched ten strong innings but missed out on what would have been a win, while Phillies closer Tug McGraw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7961031", "score": "1.0511067", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "first team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533452", "score": "1.0499587", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "Giants in late September to clinch the division title. Mike Scott took the mound in the final game of the series and pitched a no-hitter – the only time in MLB history that any division was clinched via a no-hitter. Scott would finish the season with an 18–10 record and a Cy Young Award. The 1986 National League Championship Series against the New York Mets was noted for great drama and is considered one of the best postseason series ever. In Game 3, the Astros were ahead at Shea Stadium, 5–4, in the bottom of the 9th when closer Dave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183824", "score": "1.0484434", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2004 National League Championship Series", "text": "off Dan Miceli, sending the series to a Game 7 showdown. Thursday, October 21, 2004 at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri The final, deciding Game 7 started off with Astros' leadoff man Craig Biggio smacking a home run in the game's first at-bat off Cardinals' starter Jeff Suppan to make it 1–0. The Astros' threat continued in the second by putting two men on, but, thanks to a tremendous catch by center fielder Jim Edmonds, the Cardinals were able to get out of the inning unscathed. In the third, however, the Astros made it 2–0 with Carlos Beltrán,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937791", "score": "1.0469126", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "Chicago by virtue of the AL's 7–5 victory over the NL in the 2005 MLB All-Star Game. The Astros were attempting to become the fourth consecutive wild card team to win the Series, following the Anaheim Angels (2002), Florida Marlins (2003) and Boston Red Sox (2004). Both teams were attempting to overcome decades of disappointment, with a combined 132 years between the two teams without a title. The Astros were making their first Series appearance in 44 years of play, while the White Sox had waited exactly twice as long for a title, having last won the Series in 1917,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4200521", "score": "1.043289", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "fine, after being hospitalized. The Astros would win that game 5–2. In the final game of the series, the Astros put up 10 runs and won 10–3, despite Pittsburgh outhitting the Astros 14–10, to secure the Astros first series sweep of the season, and their third consecutive series win. The Astros outscored the Pirates 19–8 on the backs of great pitching by Roy Oswalt, Wandy Rodríguez, and Brett Myers, who combined to give up only 5 earned runs over 20.1 innings pitched over the course of the series. After the last game, the Astros had won 7 out of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939994", "score": "1.0424751", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "1980 National League Championship Series", "text": "took the loss. Both teams did get men to third on a few occasions: Houston in the first and fourth and Philadelphia in the third. But the staffs held firm until the bottom of the eleventh. Joe Morgan led off the inning for the Astros with a triple to right. After two intentional walks Denny Walling hit a sacrifice fly to bring home the game's only run and give Houston the victory. The Astros were now just one win away from the franchise's first-ever appearance in the World Series. In what was by now a familiar pattern, Game 4 turned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7961032", "score": "1.0389271", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2013 Houston Astros season", "text": "continued their exceptionally poor records of 2011 and 2012, winning only 51 games, the fewest by any Major League Baseball team since the 2004 Arizona Diamondbacks finished with an identical record; the last worse record was by the 2003 Detroit Tigers. Perhaps the lowest point of the season came when the Astros finished with a 15-game losing streak. Other lowlights included winning only 12 series (only 2 of which were sweeps, none outside of the AL West), getting swept 18 times, winning just 2 games against Texas, getting shut out 18 times (twice in a row against the Rangers and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16823239", "score": "1.038918", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2009 Houston Astros season", "text": "2009 Houston Astros season The Houston Astros' 2009 season is the 48th season for the franchise in the National League in Houston, Texas and their 10th season at Minute Maid Park. The Houston Astros attempted to win the NL Central for the fifth time (1997, 1998, 1999 and 2001), but failed. The Astros lost their season opening series against the Cubs, their one win coming off of former Cincinnati Red Jeff Keppinger's tenth inning RBI single in his first at bat with the club. They were then swept by the Cardinals in St. Louis in a three-game series, giving up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12589206", "score": "1.0379767", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2004 Houston Astros season", "text": "6, for a 6–4 final score and forcing a Game 7. It was the third game Miceli lost of the 2004 postseason. 2004 Houston Astros season The Houston Astros' 2004 season was the 43rd in club history, their 43rd in the National League (NL), eleventh in the National League Central division, and fifth at Minute Maid Park. They hosted that year's All-Star Game, the first at Minute Maid Park. Despite a 44–44 record, Phil Garner replaced Jimy Williams as manager during the season. The Astros finished second in the Central division and captured the NL wild card. The Astros won", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11021306", "score": "1.0366371", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "to face the Chicago Cubs and dropped the first one 7–2, giving up 6 runs in the bottom of the 7th. The Astros won 4–3 in the next game, with Roy Oswalt throwing 7 shutout innings. In the next game, the Astros won a 10-inning game in the series finale 3–2, rallying for 1 run each in the 8th, 9th, and 10th innings, with the winning run scoring on a Pedro Feliz sacrifice fly, to win their first series of the season. The Astros would head back home for 9 games, starting with 3 against the Florida Marlins. The Astros", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939992", "score": "1.0361433", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2010 Houston Astros season", "text": "in the second game, but gave up 3 runs in the 7th and 2 in the 9th and lost 9–6. In the final game of the series, the Phillies's Roy Halladay pitched a complete game allowing only one run to win 2–1, to sweep the Astros and give them a six-game losing streak. Going on the road for the first time this season, the Astros visited Busch Stadium to face the St. Louis Cardinals for a three-game series. The Astros lost 5–0 in game one of the series, as Adam Wainwright pitched 8 shutout innings to get the win. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939990", "score": "1.0355289", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "three-game lead over the Dodgers with three games left in the season against the Dodgers. The Dodgers swept the series games, forcing a one-game playoff the next day. The Astros would however win the one-game playoff 7–1, and advance to their first post-season. The team would face the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1980 National League Championship Series. The Phillies sent out Steve Carlton in game one of the NLCS after a six-hour flight the night before. The Phillies would win the opener after the Astros got out to a 1–0 third-inning lead. Ken Forsch pitched particularly strong fourth and fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183813", "score": "1.0354465", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "the Boston Red Sox when he was chosen to throw out the ceremonial first pitch. \"What a feeling,\" Thomas said. \"Standing O all around the place. People really cheering me. I had tears in my eyes. To really know the fans cared that much about me – it was a great feeling. One of my proudest moments in the game.\" The Houston Astros won the Wild Card for the second straight year, once again clinching it on the final day of the season. The Astros embarked on a memorable Division Series rematch against the Atlanta Braves. With the Astros in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4200525", "score": "1.0353893", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "6, and 7; and the Astros hosting Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year. The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game. This was the first Fall Classic since , and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season. The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533454", "score": "1.0345693", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2005 World Series", "text": "the lead two games to one, the teams played an eighteen-inning marathon in Game 4, which was the longest (in both time and innings played) postseason game in history. In this game, Roger Clemens made only the second relief appearance of his career, and the first in postseason play. Chris Burke's walk-off home run ended the game in the bottom of the eighteenth. For the second straight year, the Astros played the St. Louis Cardinals in the League Championship Series. Like the White Sox, the Astros dropped Game 1, but were able to regroup and win Games 2–4. With the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4200526", "score": "1.0331826", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "2017 World Series", "text": "On August 31, just seconds before the midnight deadline, the Astros traded for Detroit Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander. Following the trade, including the regular season and postseason to this point, Verlander had posted a 9–0 win-loss record with a 1.23 earned run average. He was named the ALCS MVP. The temperature at the start of the game was , which made this the hottest World Series game ever recorded. Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros. Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19533459", "score": "1.032448", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Houston Astros", "long_answer": "The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012. They played in the West Division from 1969 to 1993, and the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series, in 2005, against the Chicago White Sox, in which they were swept in four games. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in both the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They subsequently won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and Texas, its first World Series title.", "chunked_long_answer": "Division from 1969 to 1993, and the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series, in 2005, against the Chicago White Sox, in which they were swept in four games. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in both the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They subsequently won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and Texas, its first World Series title.", "short_answers": [ "2017" ] }

[ "Orwell" ]

[ { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "In Moulmein, the narrator—Orwell, writing in the first person—is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment. Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese, his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power. As such, he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "it is his duty to appear resolute, with his word being final. Although it is not the narrator's wish to shoot the elephant, and even though he holds a weapon far beyond the technological capabilities of the natives, his will is not his own and, due to their expectation, he realises that he must shoot the elephant; \"I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind.\" Reflectively, the narrator realises that being forced to impose strict laws and to shoot the elephant—he states his feelings against the act, but submits after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707618", "score": "1.180537", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "goes to the town where the elephant has been seen. Entering one of the poorest quarters, he receives conflicting reports and contemplates leaving, thinking the incident is a hoax. The narrator then sees a village woman chasing away children who are looking at the corpse of an Indian whom the elephant has trampled and killed. He sends an order to bring an elephant rifle and, followed by a group of roughly a few thousand people, heads toward the paddy field where the elephant has rested in its tracks. Although he does not want to kill the elephant now that it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707615", "score": "1.1017208", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Elephant (2003 film)", "text": "screams. The two boys separate, continuing their killing spree. Alex enters the bathroom where three popular girls named Brittany, Jordan and Nicole are, presumably shooting all three. The school principal, Mr. Luce, cornered by Eric in a hallway, begs Eric to lower his weapon and talk to him, but Eric yells, \"I ain't putting \"shit\" down!\" and fires at him. He does speak to Mr. Luce, however; while he is doing so, he turns without warning to see an approaching Benny and shoots and kills him before Benny could stop Eric's attack. Eric turns back to Luce and warns him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1781518", "score": "1.0822513", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Elephant (2003 film)", "text": "so John instructs him to move to the passenger seat and let him drive. Alex and Eric are bullied at school by the so-called jocks, one of whom diverts a teacher and throws a spitball at Alex during science class. Later, Alex and Eric are shown at home ordering weapons from a website and receiving a rifle in the mail. While Alex is taking a shower, Eric gets in with him. He claims that he has never been kissed, and the two kiss. The two formulate an attack plan. The next day, Alex and Eric prepare for the shooting, then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1781515", "score": "1.0728916", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Musth", "text": "The mahout, who is in want of money, takes his temple-trained elephant to do this job, in the vain hope that wild elephants won't come in. But wild elephants start attacking the village on the harvest day. The temple-trained elephant gets into musth and thus fights with the wild elephants, kills the most notorious among the herd, and gets killed because of injuries sustained during the fight. In his James Bond novel \"The Man With the Golden Gun\", Ian Fleming wrote that the villain, Francisco Scaramanga, was driven to become a cold-blooded assassin after authorities shot an elephant that he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3135766", "score": "1.0674989", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "dirty work of the Empire at close quarters\". The narrator singles out \"Buddhist priests\"—persons synonymous with peace and goodwill—to be \"the worst of all\" and comments on how he would gladly \"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest's guts\". Having killed the elephant, the narrator considers how he was glad it killed the \"coolie\" as that gave him full legal backing. The essay finishes with him wondering if they will even understand his motive for having killed the elephant as he merely wished to salvage his pride. The narrator's conscience plagues him greatly as he finds himself trapped between the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707621", "score": "1.057241", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "seems peaceful, the narrator feels pressured by the demand of the crowd for the act to be carried out. After inquiring as to the elephant's behavior and delaying for some time, he shoots the elephant several times, wounding it but unable to kill it. The narrator then leaves the beast, unable to be in its presence as it continues to suffer. He later learns that it was stripped, nearly to the bone, within hours. His elderly colleagues agree that killing the elephant was the best thing to do, but the younger ones believe that it was worth more than the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707616", "score": "1.052665", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Elephant Gun (EP)", "text": "Elephant Gun (EP) Elephant Gun is an EP by Beirut, released in 2007. The title track was originally released on Lon Gisland. Track 3 was recorded during a KEXP Radio Session live at the Austin City Limits on March 16, 2007. Released by 4AD Records, on June 25, 2007, Catalog Number AD 2729. Also available on promo CD, with a full-art cardboard slip-case. Artwork for both by Jon Wozencroft. A music video was made for the track \"Elephant Gun.\" The video was directed by Alma Har'el. On working with Zach Condon, Har’el writes, “That sound is how I feel when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11084918", "score": "1.0470665", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Sorry Safari", "text": "destroying his owner's hat. The elephant hands Tom over to the angry owner, who punishes him by wrapping a shotgun over his head and firing it, deafening him. Tom manages to clear his ears out and is able to hear the sounds of the jungle. Soon after, Jerry pokes his head out of a gun's barrel and taunts Tom. Tom tries to grab Jerry, but his owner immediately yells to him \"DON'T TOUCH MY GUNS!!!\", which scares Tom off of the basket and onto the elephant's buckle. To make matters worse, Jerry unbuckles the belt, causing Tom to fall off.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10882359", "score": "1.0459602", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Alice Through the Needle's Eye", "text": "will be \"late for the speeches.\" Alice is then swept away by the Elephant towards the \"Hide-and-Seek Park.\" Here, she overhears the conversation of the Grampus and the Italian Hairdresser (She knows he is Italian because he speaks in \"Italics\"). The Emu begins its speech, but is constantly interrupted by the Crocodile, belonging to the Hairdresser, which is detained by an electric eel. Finally, the Emu finishes its speech and concludes with \"And \"that's\" why I ask you all to vote for me!\" In the end, after Alice inquires what he stands for, he recites a poem about the letter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5492871", "score": "1.0431677", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hunting Elephants", "text": "Hunting Elephants Hunting Elephants (, \"Latzud Pilim\", \"lit.\" To Hunt Elephants) is a 2013 Israeli crime comedy film directed by Reshef Levi. It stars, among others, Sasson Gabai, Moni Moshonov and Patrick Stewart. It was released to theaters in Israel on July 4, 2013. The plot centers around Jonathan (Gil Blank), a 12-year-old boy who, with his grandfather and two others, attempts to rob the bank where his deceased father had worked. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Jonathan's father, Daniel (Tzvika Hadar), dies of a heart attack in his workplace, with Jonathan present but unable to help him.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17426282", "score": "1.0386337", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "I have been important enough for this to happen to me.\" Only with the expectation of a killing do the locals find him \"momentarily worth watching.\" He describes how, as a police officer, he was often a target for mockery from the locals, as was any European who provided an easy target. In contrast to his description of the natives as \"little beasts\", the narrator labels the elephant as a \"great beast\", suggesting he holds it in higher esteem than the locals. This is somewhat paradoxical, however, as the narrator's own job is demeaning and forces him to see \"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707620", "score": "1.0381544", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Palo Alto (short story collection)", "text": "with Bill they try it out and shoot at houses. They get caught and have to do community service. The storyteller explains that famous authors like Faulkner and Hemingway shot animals and killed them but he and his friends just shot small animals and killed no person. Emily is the storyteller of this story. She tells about Ryan, a boy who is younger than her and she finds him cute. She meets him at a party and feels love for him. She plays quarters with him and his friend John Olds, which causes her friend \"Pork\" to make fun of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17099133", "score": "1.0289968", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "text": "comprehending he \"had got to shoot the elephant\"—illustrates an inherent problem of hegemony: \"when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.\" By enforcing the strict British rule, he is forfeiting his freedom while concurrently oppressing the Burmese. The narrator's situation throughout the essay is one of little prospect or prominence. He comments on how, even though he is of the ruling class, he finds himself either largely ignored by the Burmese people or hated. He remarks in the first sentence, \"I was hated by large numbers of people—the only time in my life that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707619", "score": "1.0247136", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Elephant (2003 film)", "text": "to take heed of what's happened from bullied students and initially lets Mr. Luce go, before smiling evilly and changing his mind by firing several shots down the hall that strike and kill the principal. Alex enters the cafeteria, which is strewn with overturned chairs, backpacks, several dead bodies, and numerous abandoned half-eaten lunches, and sits down. Alex picks up a cup from an abandoned lunch and casually drinks from it. Eric meets up with him, and they have a brief conversation, which ends when Alex shoots Eric in mid-sentence. Alex leaves the cafeteria, showing no emotion over shooting Eric,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1781519", "score": "1.0242983", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Horton the Elephant", "text": "rainstorms, snowstorms, and the mockery of the other animals, while Mayzie relaxes abroad. When three hunters approach him, Horton defies them to shoot him, while refusing to leave the nest; and the hunters, realising they have found a rare attraction - an elephant sitting on a nest - dig up the tree and sell him to a circus. When the circus arrives in Palm Beach, Mayzie goes to Horton demanding the return of her egg; but when the egg hatches, it produces the hybrid 'elephant-bird', who returns with Horton to the wild. Horton Hears A Who!: Horton is bathing in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960519", "score": "1.0192724", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Elephant (1989 film)", "text": "dialogue, depicts eighteen murders and is partly based on actual events drawn from police reports at the time. It is shot with 16mm film with much of it filmed using a steadicam and features a series of tracking shots, a technique the director used regularly. The grainy 16mm film, together with the lack of dialogue, plot, narrative and music give the film a cold, observational documentary feel. Nothing is learnt about any of the gunmen or victims. Each of the murders are carried out calmly and casually; in one scene the gunman is seen to drive away slowly, even stopping", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10429260", "score": "1.008544", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sorry Safari", "text": "Tom and his owner are then off into the jungle riding on an elephant from Nertz. Jerry tries to climb aboard, but Tom points a gun at him, and in the process, he falls off and the gun's blast rockets him into a tree. Tom gets his nose stuck in the gun's barrel, but as he tries to get it out, he's at risk of getting shot because the trigger is caught on a branch. Tom's owner notices him and yells \"THAT'S MY GUN! GIVE IT TO ME!!\". He manages to get his nose out, and the bullets end up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10882358", "score": "1.0079287", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Elephant Calf", "text": "subtitle \"or The provability of any and every contention\". The Elephant Calf The Elephant Calf (Das Elefantenkalb), also known as The Baby Elephant, is an early one-act surrealistic prose farce written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht. It originally formed the penultimate scene of Brecht's full-length play \"Man Equals Man\", but by 1926 Brecht had separated it to an appendix to the published text. It was performed as part of \"Man Equals Man\" that same year. It is an interlude form of play within a play and in a later note Brecht suggests that it is \"to be played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8743671", "score": "1.0060084", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Babar: King of the Elephants", "text": "shot and killed by a hunter, and Babar is forced to flee as the hunter approaches; after days of wandering, he eventually finds his way to an unnamed city in Paris. Babar spends an eventful day exploring the city and engaging in human activities such as eating ice cream for the first time and attempting to order at a restaurant, all the while disturbing traffic and frightening the other citizens. He meets an older woman, Madame, who provides him with money to purchase proper clothing at a nearby store. Following an extensive fitting session, Babar emerges from the store wearing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8946757", "score": "1.0050519", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hunting Elephants", "text": "that it saved the film. Hunting Elephants Hunting Elephants (, \"Latzud Pilim\", \"lit.\" To Hunt Elephants) is a 2013 Israeli crime comedy film directed by Reshef Levi. It stars, among others, Sasson Gabai, Moni Moshonov and Patrick Stewart. It was released to theaters in Israel on July 4, 2013. The plot centers around Jonathan (Gil Blank), a 12-year-old boy who, with his grandfather and two others, attempts to rob the bank where his deceased father had worked. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Jonathan's father, Daniel (Tzvika Hadar), dies of a heart attack in his workplace, with Jonathan present", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17426288", "score": "1.0049251", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Operation Dumbo Drop", "text": "flashback scene, the character of Linh sees an elephant being shot, as he tells of how his parents were killed. The film crew accomplished this feat by instructing the trainer to tell the elephant to lie down, while then shooting the scene in slow motion. To ensure the health of the elephant, her food and water, including her bathing water, was shipped from the U.S. to Thailand throughout the production. Furthermore, she was bathed in purified water every day. Young Thai men were hired to hold umbrellas over the elephant when the cameras were not shooting. Throughout filming, almost everything", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4812264", "score": "1.004082", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Speaker-to-Animals", "text": "Speaker-to-Animals Speaker-to-Animals (or later Chmeee) is a fictional character in the \"Ringworld\" series of books, written by Larry Niven. In \"Ringworld\", Speaker-to-Animals is a junior diplomat who is trained to deal with other species without reflexively killing them. He is recruited by Nessus, a Pierson's Puppeteer, as a member of an expedition to explore the Ringworld. Speaker is a Kzin, a member of an extraterrestrial race of large tiger-like beings. He is a trained diplomat posted to the United Nations. His title (in place of a name he has yet to earn) is a polite reference to how Kzinti refer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5793886", "score": "1.0028934", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Elephant Gun (EP)", "text": "I’m honest about my life, that juxtaposition of melancholy and loneliness with the absolute enjoyment and happiness of being alive.\" The choreography is by Paula Present. The video was named one of the top 50 videos of 2007 by Pitchfork Media, while Paste ranked it the 30th best music video from 2000 to 2009. Elephant Gun (EP) Elephant Gun is an EP by Beirut, released in 2007. The title track was originally released on Lon Gisland. Track 3 was recorded during a KEXP Radio Session live at the Austin City Limits on March 16, 2007. Released by 4AD Records, on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11084919", "score": "1.00205", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Elephant (Alexandra Burke song)", "text": "with the performer's boyfriend crashing the party to talk about the proverbial elephant in the room, which is the main focus of the song. Burke's sister, Sheniece and director, Jay Revell, who plays Burke's boyfriend, make cameo appearances in the video. The directors admitted that they \"really wanted to create something different,\" during the shoot, adding, \"I felt it was a little unexpected and people [can] see Alexandra Burke and think this is a new side of her.\" Burke has also said that \"The concept of the video is really me showing my ex-boyfriend what he’s missing, and now he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16223364", "score": "1.001491", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Elephant (2003 film)", "text": "Elephant (2003 film) Elephant is a 2003 drama film edited, written and directed by Gus Van Sant. It takes place in the fictional Watt High School, in the suburbs of Portland, Oregon, and chronicles the events surrounding a school shooting, based in part on the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. The film begins a short time before the shooting occurs, following the lives of several characters both in and out of school, who are unaware of what is about to unfold. The film stars mostly new or non-professional actors, including John Robinson, Alex Frost, and Eric Deulen. \"Elephant\" is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1781513", "score": "1.0007242", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Sri Lankan elephant", "text": "During the British rule, many bull elephants were killed by trophy hunters. One of the army majors is credited with having shot over 1,500 elephants, and two others are reputed to have shot half that number each. Many other sportsmen have shot about 250-300 animals during this time. Between 1829 and 1855 alone, more than 6,000 elephants were captured and shot. By the turn of the 20th century, elephants were still distributed over much of the island. The area currently known as Ruhuna National Park was the \"Resident Sportsmen's Shooting Reserve\", an area reserved for the sporting pleasure of British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6986500", "score": "1.0006014", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Hunting Elephants", "text": "get away with most of the stolen cash. British actor John Cleese was signed up for the role of Michael Simpson, but due to heart problems he was unable to perform in the film. Stewart agreed to replace him and the script was modified to closer fit his personality. \"Hunting Elephants\" has been widely screened, but received mostly negative reviews from critics. Ma'ariv praised the film for creating a fun setting and going against the stereotype of what old people should be doing, but criticized it for being vulgar and sexist in its treatment of the sub-plot with the caretaker", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17426286", "score": "0.9981307", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)", "text": "all of a day's needs each morning from Mysore. Jayasudha recollects two accidents during this shooting: one was while doing a scene where she and Jayaprada were sitting on elephants. Junior artistes were practicing a Dappu scene right then, and the elephants got panicked by the noise and threw down both the lead ladies with their trunks. Luckily, they escaped with minor injuries. Another one was a chase scene where she and Jayaprada were chased by villains while they were trying to escape on a horse cart. The cart's axle broke and both of them were injured and were forced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8358674", "score": "0.9980192", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Shooting an Elephant", "long_answer": "In Moulmein, the narrator—Orwell, writing in the first person—is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment. Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese, his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power. As such, he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people.", "chunked_long_answer": "In Moulmein, the narrator—Orwell, writing in the first person—is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment. Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese, his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power. As such, he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people.", "short_answers": [ "Orwell" ] }

[ "Kimberlin Brown", "Michelle Stafford" ]

[ { "title": "Sheila Carter", "text": "Sheila Carter is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful, American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That same year, Michelle Stafford took over the role, after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers. Brown returned to the role of Sheila on The Bold and the Beautiful, beginning on June 9, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Sheila Carter", "text": "her role as Sheila on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Executive producer Brad Bell announced Brown had been signed to a one-year deal with the serial. On the topic of Sheila and Lauren's \"cat fights\", Brown said: \"People like cat fights because we can get away with what you can't get away with in everyday life. You're living vicariously through me. There might be someone that [boy] you just might want to put it to someday, and you can't, but you can turn on the TV and see Sheila do it, and get away with it. Being mean and evil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8925477", "score": "1.248358", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Sheila Carter", "text": "Scott and her real son, Scott Jr. In 1992, Sheila is reintroduced on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and she quickly worms her way into fashion CEO Eric Forrester (John McCook)'s life by becoming the company nurse at Forrester Creations in Los Angeles, as well as working as Rick Forrester's nanny (after staging an accident that leaves the former nanny, Judy, hospitalized, and later threatening Judy and her family). Sheila and Eric fall in love and are eventually engaged, which angers Eric's ex-wife Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), who suspects Sheila is a gold digger and a liar. To Sheila's dismay,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8925484", "score": "1.17636", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Kimberlin Brown", "text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful\" in 1998, she continues to make special guest appearances. She portrayed Rachel Locke, mother of Livvie Locke (Kelly Monaco) on \"Port Charles\" from 1999-2001. In late 2004, Brown debuted in a recurring role of Dr. Paige Miller on the ABC soap opera, \"One Life to Live\". She exited the soap in 2005 when the soap could not match the salary \"The Young and the Restless\" was offering in order for her to stay. She was replaced by Cady Huffman and Alexandra Neil. In 2005, Brown returned to the role of Sheila on \"The Young and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3451145", "score": "1.1532487", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Sheila Carter", "text": "reason of Brown not returning to the role, the actress said: \"I had a bad accident last year, and when they wanted me back in November, I really couldn't go at that time, and that's why I came back looking like somebody else.\" Stafford only portrayed the role for two months until February 9, 2007, when Sheila was shot by her longtime enemy Lauren Fenmore and presumed dead. In 2009, reports speculated that Brown would reprise the role again on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", which was followed by more rumors speculating a return to \"The Young and the Restless\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8925475", "score": "1.1014574", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s)", "text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful\". The character returned to \"B&B\" in April 1994, and again from January 23, 1997 to April 27, 1998. History<br> Molly Carter is the mother of former nurse Sheila Carter, and Sarah Smythe. When Molly visited her daughter in 1991, she discovered that Sheila stole Lauren Fenmore's newborn son, Scotty, and was passing him off as her own. After Molly suffered a stroke that left her inarticulate, Sheila sent her back to her farmhouse in Michigan, but Molly partly regained her voice and was able to communicate the truth to Lauren. Furious, Sheila kidnapped both Lauren", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16347433", "score": "1.0936128", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Pamela Douglas", "text": "Pamela Douglas Pamela Douglas is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", portrayed by Alley Mills. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on December 1, 2006. Pam was introduced as the sister of established character Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery). She is a receptionist at Forrester Creations. On November 30, 2006, Joel Keller from \"The Huffington Post\" reported that former \"Wonder Years\" actress Alley Mills had been cast in the \"limited role\" of Stephanie Forrester's (Susan Flannery) sister, Pamela Douglas. Mills made her first screen appearance as Pam on December 1, 2006.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9087179", "score": "1.0574412", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful)", "text": "The role of Stephanie was originally created for actress Susan Seaforth Hayes (Julie, of \"Days\") fame but, after Hayes turned it down, the producers contacted Hayes' former \"Days\" co-star, Susan Flannery, and she eventually won the role. Jane Elliot was contacted by producer Gail Kobe for the role but, lost to Flannery at the request of creator Bill Bell. Hayes did, however, appear in 2003 as Joanna Manning (Lauren Fenmore´s mother) in one episode. Stephanie has been played since the show's beginning in 1987 by Flannery, who, besides playing Stephanie, has also directed some of the show's episodes. In September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8491748", "score": "1.0541338", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pamela Douglas", "text": "Donna were forced to share receptionist duties, and a desk. Pam flirts with the security guard of Forrester Creations Charlie Webber, later entering a romantic relationship and they are still together. In 2018, Pam and Charlie get engaged. Pamela Douglas Pamela Douglas is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", portrayed by Alley Mills. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on December 1, 2006. Pam was introduced as the sister of established character Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery). She is a receptionist at Forrester Creations. On November 30, 2006, Joel Keller from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9087193", "score": "1.0446111", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Lauren Koslow", "text": "played from 1984-1986. She was then asked by the serial's creators William J. Bell and wife Lee Phillip Bell to become an original cast member on the duo's new sister soap \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" which debuted in the spring of 1987. She portrayed fashion designer \"Margo Lynley\" from the serial's inception until 1992 when she left to begin a family. Through the early 1990s Koslow busied herself with guest-starring roles in several prime time television series including \"Silk Stalkings\" and \"The Nanny\". However, she was lured back to daytime in 1996 in order to replace actress Deborah Adair", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4073250", "score": "1.0411893", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Adrienne Frantz", "text": "again and gave birth a healthy baby girl Amélie Irene on December 1. Adrienne Frantz Adrienne Danielle Frantz (born June 7, 1978) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She appeared as Amber Moore in \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" (1997–2005, 2010–2012) and \"The Young and the Restless\" (2006–2010, 2013). Frantz was born in Mount Clemens, Michigan. She first broke into the soap opera genre in 1997 as Tiffany Thorne on \"Sunset Beach\", Frantz left the show later that year for her role as the villainess turned sympathetic heroine Amber on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". In 2001, her portrayal garnered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4294094", "score": "1.0304731", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Karla Cheatham Mosley", "text": "Chatterbox on the show. She was the American counterpart of Charli Robinson. In 2006, Mosley left the cast of Hi-5 in order to pursue other interests. Mosley played the role of Christina Moore Boudreau on the now defunct soap opera \"Guiding Light\". Christina is a pre-med student who married Remy Boudreau (played by Lawrence Saint-Victor). In 2013, Mosley joined the cast of \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" as ex-con turned actress Maya Avant. Karla completed a website series titled Room 8 The Series with her co-star from \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", Lawrence Saint-Victor. The web series was part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5288405", "score": "1.030144", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Adrienne Frantz", "text": "Adrienne Frantz Adrienne Danielle Frantz (born June 7, 1978) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She appeared as Amber Moore in \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" (1997–2005, 2010–2012) and \"The Young and the Restless\" (2006–2010, 2013). Frantz was born in Mount Clemens, Michigan. She first broke into the soap opera genre in 1997 as Tiffany Thorne on \"Sunset Beach\", Frantz left the show later that year for her role as the villainess turned sympathetic heroine Amber on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". In 2001, her portrayal garnered Frantz a Daytime Emmy in the Outstanding Younger Actress category. Frantz played the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4294091", "score": "1.0300808", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lauren Fenmore", "text": "portrayed dual roles as Lauren and Sheila's previously unheard of sister, Sarah Smythe, who was also killed by Lauren in self-defense. In 2013, after twelve years on a recurring status, Bregman was placed back on contract with the series. The actress has been positively received for her portrayal, which has garnered numerous Daytime Emmy Award and Soap Opera Digest Award nominations. Bregman initially believed her role as Lauren would be brief, but after six months the soap offered her a contract and she accepted. On September 29, 1992, Bregman crossed over to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". She departed on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8167965", "score": "1.0281284", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Emily Harrison", "text": "Emily Harrison Emily Harrison (born June 13, 1977 in Louisiana, Missouri) is an American actress. Harrison is most well known as Jennifer Finnigan's replacement in the role of Bridget Forrester on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", which she played from January to July 2004. Following a viewer backlash, Harrison's on-screen air time began to diminish, which was speculated to be the reason for her drop to recurring status after just a handful of episodes. Harrison's on-screen love interest, Brian Gaskill (Oscar Marone), was dropped from the show around the same time. By July the same year, Harrison had been dropped", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6166935", "score": "1.025768", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Anna Maria Horsford", "text": "in the 2013 film \"A Madea Christmas\". She portrayed Helen on the BET sitcom \"Reed Between the Lines\". Horsford currently has a recurring role as Vivienne Avant on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". For the role, she was nominated for Outstanding Special Guest Performer in a Drama Series in the 43rd Daytime Emmy Awards. On October 29, 2011, Horsford was awarded the title of Ambassador of Tourism of Antigua. Anna Maria Horsford Anna Maria Horsford (born March 6, 1948) is an American actress, known for her performances in television comedies. Horsford is best known for her roles as Thelma Frye", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6447597", "score": "1.0253979", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2013)", "text": "is an aspiring actress who gets a job at Dayzee's as well as an apartment that is above the coffeehouse. While working there, she meets Rick Forrester (Jacob Young), who at first does not tell her who he is. Despite various schemes by Caroline Spencer in order to keep them apart, Rick and Maya continue to enjoy being together, and he even offers her a job as a spokesperson for Hope For The Future, which Maya accepts. In early 2015, Maya's younger sister Nicole Avant was introduced and her arrival led to the reveal that Maya was transgender. Maya later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17272454", "score": "1.0202997", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Susan Flannery", "text": "Susan Flannery Susan Flannery (born July 31, 1939) is an American actress and director known for her roles in the daytime dramas \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"Days of Our Lives\". Flannery was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, on July 31, 1939, and attended school in Manhattan. She received her BA degree from Stephens College, a women's college in Columbia, Missouri, in 1962. Flannery is known for playing Dr. Laura Spencer Horton from 1966 until 1975 on \"Days of Our Lives\", where she met writer and daytime legend William J. Bell (who would later cast her in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3128987", "score": "1.0159981", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful)", "text": "Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful) Stephanie Forrester (nee Douglas) is a fictional character on the American soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Stephanie is known for her marriages to the famed fashion designer, Eric Forrester, and for her rivalries with Brooke Logan, who has been involved with Eric and her sons, Ridge and Thorne, and with competing designer Sally Spectra. She has been portrayed since the show's inception in 1987 by Emmy-winning actress Susan Flannery. Stephanie's lung cancer diagnosis played a central role in the series, and the character died of the disease on November 26, 2012.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8491747", "score": "1.005222", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2013)", "text": "into divorcing Quinn. The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2013) \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 23, 1987, and airs on CBS. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2013. All characters were introduced by the series' executive producer and head writer Bradley Bell. They include Maya Avant, Carter Walton and Quinn Fuller. Maya Avant, portrayed by Karla Mosley, made her first appearance on January 22, 2013. Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" announced the casting of Karla Mosley and the character in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17272472", "score": "1.0048251", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Schae Harrison", "text": "Schae Harrison Schae Harrison (born April 27, 1962) is an American actress. She is most notable for her role on American daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", where she played the part of Darla Einstein-Forrester from 1989–2006 and briefly in 2007, 2014 and 2015. Harrison was born in Anaheim Hills, Anaheim, California. She enrolled in her first dance class at age four and for many years studied all aspects of dance from ancient theories through modern movement. Her innovative dance style and choreography led to a position with the NFL Seattle Seahawks' cheerleading-dance squad. Schae was with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4932963", "score": "0.9979243", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sheila Carter", "text": "1998, again from May 24 to November 5, 2002, and again finally from September 26 to October 10, 2003. Despite being a regular cast member on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", Brown returned to \"The Young and the Restless\" for several guest appearances beginning on October 27, 1992. Brown departed on November 5, 1992, and reappeared for one episode on December 23, 1992. She continued making appearance from January 7 to 14, 1993, February 19, 1993, to March 2, 1993, October 11, 1993, October 19 to 27, 1993, January 12, 1994, and February 28, 1995, until March 2, 1995. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8925473", "score": "0.997698", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Gloria Abbott Bardwell", "text": "was recast with Judith Chapman; Van Ark was last seen on January 7, 2005, and Chapman assumed the role on January 17, 2005. In March 2011, it was announced that Chapman had been taken off her contract and bumped to a recurring status. In October 2014, it was announced that Chapman would appear as Gloria on the soap opera's sister series, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", with her scenes airing the following month. In September 2015, Chapman stated on her Facebook page that she had \"no idea\" whether or not she would ever be asked back to \"The Young and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9038362", "score": "0.9974891", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lesli Kay", "text": "mutually agreeing to part ways with the show. In November 2005, Kay assumed the role of Felicia Forrester on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", taking over for Colleen Dion after a year's absence. \"Bold and the Beautiful\" Head Writer Bradley Bell had planned to kill her character off from cancer. However, a huge fan outpouring, including petitions and numerous letters, in addition to Ms. Kay's job of making the role her own, convinced Bell to keep Kay on the cast. Her character, Felicia Forrester was resurrected from the dead. Lesli Kay invested herself into the cancer storyline so much that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4338018", "score": "0.9971317", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Lesli Kay", "text": "she shaved her head for the role. Kay was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress at the \"34th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards\" but lost to Genie Francis. In November 2009, while continuing to play Felicia Forrester on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", Kay also returned to \"As the World Turns\" as the character she previously portrayed, Molly Conlan McKinnon. She stayed with \"As the World Turns\" until the show's final episode on September 17, 2010. Lesli Kay Lesli Kay (born Lesli Kay Pushkin on June 13, 1965 in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American actress, who is known primarily for her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4338019", "score": "0.99556136", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lawrence Saint-Victor", "text": "Lawrence Saint-Victor Lawrence Saint-Victor (born June 14, 1982) is an American actor, who was on the cast of the soap opera \"Guiding Light\", playing Remy Boudreau from April 2006 until the soap's ending in September 2009. As of 2013, Saint-Victor is playing attorney Carter Walton on the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Saint-Victor attended Conservatory of Theatre and Film at SUNY Purchase. He married his college sweetheart, Shay Flake, on September 1, 2007. He portrayed Remy on \"Guiding Light\" between 2006 and 2009. Saint-Victor has been Carter on \"The Bold and Beautiful\" since 2013 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13149140", "score": "0.9954878", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful)", "text": "asking Brooke to sing her to sleep in her arms. Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful) Stephanie Forrester (nee Douglas) is a fictional character on the American soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Stephanie is known for her marriages to the famed fashion designer, Eric Forrester, and for her rivalries with Brooke Logan, who has been involved with Eric and her sons, Ridge and Thorne, and with competing designer Sally Spectra. She has been portrayed since the show's inception in 1987 by Emmy-winning actress Susan Flannery. Stephanie's lung cancer diagnosis played a central role in the series, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8491769", "score": "0.9862331", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Jacqueline MacInnes Wood", "text": "who is strong willed. Of playing her, Wood said in 2011, \"I love playing her and developing her character. She is so different from me. It's rather cathartic, and it allows my alter ego to come out on \"The Bold and The Beautiful\" set five days a week.\" In 2012, Wood received her first nomination for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of Steffy at the 39th Daytime Emmy Awards. Of learning about her Emmy nomination, she said, \"I was just about to shoot a scene in the Adriatic sea in Italy. The water was only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11917482", "score": "0.9856366", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2013)", "text": "became the first transgender bride to be married on daytime television when she married Rick. Carter Walton, portrayed by Lawrence Saint-Victor, made his first appearance on January 31, 2013. Carter Walton came to Los Angeles to visit his adopted brother, Marcus Walton, who had also been adopted by the Forresters. Marcus proudly introduced Carter to his family, especially his wife, Dayzee Leigh. When Marcus bragged about Dayzee's organizational skills, he ran across some mysterious adoption papers. Dayzee admitted she had long ago helped a woman named Maya Avant give up her baby for adoption since Maya was being wrongly jailed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17272455", "score": "0.9851339", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Linsey Godfrey", "text": "on \"One Tree Hill\" and \"Surface\" before being diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma; she estimates cancer set her career back by two years. Upon returning to Hollywood, Godfrey booked several guest-starring roles, and landed a role on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" as series regular Caroline Spencer. In July 2018, it was announced she joined the cast of \"Days of Our Lives\" as Sarah Horton. Linsey Godfrey Linsey Godfrey (born July 25, 1988) is an American actress. From 2012 to 2018, she starred as Caroline Spencer on the CBS daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". She is also known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8993031", "score": "0.9833727", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Sheila Carter", "long_answer": "Sheila Carter is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful, American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That same year, Michelle Stafford took over the role, after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers. Brown returned to the role of Sheila on The Bold and the Beautiful, beginning on June 9, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "Sheila Carter is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful, American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That same year, Michelle Stafford took over the role, after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers. Brown returned to the role of Sheila on The Bold and the Beautiful, beginning on June 9, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "Kimberlin Brown", "Michelle Stafford" ] }

[ "10.13.4", "macOS High Sierra" ]

[ { "title": "macOS", "text": "1999. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks, releases have been named after landmarks in California. Apple shortened the name to \"OS X\" in 2012 and then changed it to \"macOS\" in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that it uses for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The latest version is macOS High Sierra, which was publicly released in September 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Macintosh operating systems", "text": "for its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named \"Mac OS X\" until 2012 and then \"OS X\" until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced. The current macOS is preinstalled with every Mac and is updated annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981600", "score": "0.96637994", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Macintosh operating systems", "text": "the transition to Mac OS X. macOS (originally named \"Mac OS X\" until 2012 and then \"OS X\" until 2016) is the current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001. Although the system was originally marketed as simply \"version 10\" of Mac OS, it has a history that is largely independent of the classic Mac OS. It is a Unix-based operating system built on NeXTSTEP and other technology developed at NeXT from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO Steve Jobs returned to Apple. Precursors to the original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981604", "score": "0.92641157", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "MacOS version history", "text": "MacOS version history The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its \"classic\" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Macintosh computers since their introduction in 1984. However, the current macOS is a Unix operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. Although it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1410573", "score": "0.89671004", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Personal computer", "text": "to MS-DOS and in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) generated by Apple's 1984 introduction of the Macintosh. , the most recent client and server versions of Windows are Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016. macOS (formerly OS X) is a line of operating systems developed, marketed and sold by Apple Inc. macOS is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. macOS is a Unix-based graphical operating system, and Snow Leopard, Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion, Mavericks, Yosemite, El Capitan and Sierra are its version codenames. The most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12211901", "score": "0.8925974", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Macintosh", "text": "Macintosh operating systems. The first versions initially had no name but came to be known as the \"Macintosh System Software\" in 1988, \"Mac OS\" in 1997 with the release of Mac OS 7.6, and retrospectively called \"Classic Mac OS\". In 2001, Apple released Mac OS X, a modern Unix-based operating system which was later rebranded to simply OS X in 2012, and then macOS in 2016. The current version is macOS Mojave, released on September 24, 2018. Intel-based Macs are capable of running non-Apple operating systems such as Linux, OpenBSD, and Microsoft Windows with the aid of Boot Camp or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12384260", "score": "0.87392807", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Operating system", "text": "been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessor, macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the 1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. The operating system was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, followed in March 2001 by a client version (Mac OS X v10.0 \"Cheetah\"). Since then, six more distinct \"client\" and \"server\" editions of macOS have been released, until the two were merged in OS X 10.7 \"Lion\". Prior to its merging with macOS, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "297432", "score": "0.86687756", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Mac OS X 10.2", "text": "Mac OS X 10.2 Mac OS X Jaguar (version 10.2) is the third major release of Mac OS X (now named macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating system. It superseded Mac OS X 10.1 and preceded Mac OS X Panther. The operating system was released on August 23, 2002 either for single-computer installations, and in a “family pack,” which allowed five installations on separate computers in one household. The operating system was generally well received by most Mac users as a large step forward in the areas of stability, general speed enhancements, compatibility with other flavors of Unix and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2449612", "score": "0.8552052", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "MacOS", "text": "MacOS macOS (; previously and later , Roman numeral \"X\" pronounced \"ten\") is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows. macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems. The first is colloquially called the \"classic\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "273942", "score": "0.85412824", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "MacOS version history", "text": "was released on September 24, 2018. Some of the key new features were the Dark mode and Dynamic Desktop, which changes the desktop background image to correspond to the user's current time of day. MacOS version history The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its \"classic\" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Macintosh computers since their introduction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1410606", "score": "0.8535131", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Macintosh operating systems", "text": "the Apple TV set-top box. Macintosh operating systems The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related system software it once created for compatible third-party systems. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the \"Classic\" Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded \"Mac OS\" in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981614", "score": "0.84623075", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "OpenStep", "text": "replacing the Display Postscript WindowServer with Quartz, and responding to developers by including better backward compatibility for classic Mac OS applications through the addition of Carbon, Apple released Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server, starting at version 10.0; Mac OS X is now named macOS. macOS's primary programming environment is essentially OpenStep (with certain additions such as XML property lists and URL classes for Internet connections) with macOS ports of the development libraries and tools, now called Cocoa. macOS has since become the single most popular desktop Unix-like operating system in the world, although macOS is no longer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "636543", "score": "0.84500676", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Macintosh operating systems", "text": "Macintosh operating systems The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related system software it once created for compatible third-party systems. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the \"Classic\" Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded \"Mac OS\" in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Noted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981599", "score": "0.8388634", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mac OS X Lion", "text": "Mac OS X Lion Mac OS X Lion (version 10.7) is the eighth major release of Mac OS X (now named macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. A preview of Mac OS X 10.7 Lion was publicly shown at the \"Back to the Mac\" Apple Special Event on October 20, 2010. It brought many developments made in Apple's iOS, such as an easily navigable display of installed applications, to the Mac, and includes support for the Mac App Store, as introduced in Mac OS X Snow Leopard version 10.6.6. On February 24, 2011, the first developer's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15004208", "score": "0.8372606", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mac OS 9", "text": "the \"Marathon Trilogy\". Aside from original Apple based hardware that is still maintained and operated, Mac OS 9 can be operated in other environments such as Windows and Unix. For example, the aforementioned SheepShaver software was not designed for use on x86 platforms and required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was running on similar to a hypervisor. Although it provides PowerPC processor support, it can only run up to Mac OS 9.0.4 because it does not emulate a memory management unit. Updates to Mac OS 9 include 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2.1, and 9.2.2. Mac OS 9.0.4 was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1656113", "score": "0.8346404", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Classic Mac OS", "text": "System 5. Apple rebranded the system as Mac OS in 1996, starting officially with version 7.6, due in part to its Macintosh clone program. That program ended after the release of Mac OS 8 in 1997. The last major release of the system was Mac OS 9 in 1999. Initial versions of the System Software run one application at a time. With the introduction of System 5, a cooperative multitasking extension called MultiFinder was added, which was later integrated into System 7 as part of the operating system along with support for virtual memory. By the mid-1990s, however, contemporary operating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18791230", "score": "0.83400977", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Macintosh", "text": "introduced Mac OS X (renamed OS X in 2012 and macOS in 2016), based on Darwin and NeXTSTEP; its new features included the Dock and the Aqua user interface. During the transition, Apple included a virtual machine subsystem known as Classic, allowing users to run Mac OS 9 applications under Mac OS X 10.4 and earlier on PowerPC machines. Because macOS is a Unix operating system that borrows heavily from FreeBSD, many applications written for Linux or BSD run on it, often using X11. There are many popular Macintosh software applications; many of those from large developers, such as Microsoft", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12384321", "score": "0.8338847", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Classic Mac OS", "text": "is the last version that could run on a 68k processor (the 68040). In systems prior to PowerPC G3-based systems, significant parts of the system are stored in physical ROM on the motherboard. The initial purpose of this is to avoid using up the limited storage of floppy disks on system support, given that the early Macs have no hard disk (only one model of Mac was ever actually bootable using the ROM alone, the 1991 Mac Classic model). This architecture also allows for a completely graphical OS interface at the lowest level without the need for a text-only console", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18791238", "score": "0.83321786", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mac OS X Snow Leopard", "text": "Mac OS X Leopard, while the recommended upgrade path from Apple for Mac OS X Tiger is through the \"Mac Box Set\", which includes Mac OS X Snow Leopard and the current versions of iLife and iWork. There are three licenses available. These licenses differ in their requirements for pre-installed versions of Mac OS X: If you have purchased an Upgrade for Mac OS X Leopard license, then subject to the terms and conditions of this License, you are granted a limited non-exclusive license to install, use and run one (1) copy of the Apple Software on a single Apple-branded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11119164", "score": "0.83083016", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mac OS 8", "text": "it, and is the only task that can run 68k code. Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8 is an operating system that was released by Apple Computer, Inc. on July 26, 1997. It represents the largest overhaul of the classic Mac OS since the release of System 7, approximately six years before. It emphasizes color more than prior versions. Released over a series of updates, Mac OS 8 represents an incremental integration of many of the technologies which had been developed from 1988 to 1996 for Apple's overly-ambitious OS named Copland. Mac OS 8 helped modernize the Mac OS while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2766304", "score": "0.8299613", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "MacOS", "text": "Macintosh operating systems (versions of the classic Mac OS) were named using Arabic numerals, as with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9. The letter \"X\" in Mac OS X's name refers to the number 10, a Roman numeral. It is therefore correctly pronounced \"ten\" in this context. However, it is also commonly pronounced like the letter \"X\". The first version of Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was a transitional product, featuring an interface resembling the classic Mac OS, though it was not compatible with software designed for the older system. Consumer releases of Mac OS X", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "273950", "score": "0.8297887", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Classic Mac OS", "text": "set of components is based upon Apple's open source Darwin operating system. An early version of the operating system, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was released in 1999. It retains the \"platinum\" appearance from the classic Mac OS and even resembles OPENSTEP in places. The desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, followed on March 24, 2001, supporting the new Aqua user interface. Since then, several more versions of the operating system have been released. Mac OS X was renamed \"OS X\" in 2012 and \"macOS\" in 2016. Users of the classic Mac OS generally upgraded to Mac OS X, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18791265", "score": "0.82977104", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "System 1", "text": "System 1 The Macintosh \"System 1\" is the first version of Apple Macintosh operating system and the beginning of the classic Mac OS series. It ran on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. System 1 was released on January 24, 1984, along with the Macintosh 128K, the first in the Macintosh family of personal computers. It received one update, \"System 1.1\" on December 29, 1984, before being succeeded by System 2. This operating system introduced many features that would appear for years to come, some even still existing in the current macOS, and a few existing in other graphical operating systems such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14825127", "score": "0.82858646", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Operating system", "text": "Keith Bostic encouraged the project to replace any non-free code that originated with Bell Labs. Once this was done, however, AT&T sued. After two years of legal disputes, the BSD project spawned a number of free derivatives, such as NetBSD and FreeBSD (both in 1993), and OpenBSD (from NetBSD in 1995). macOS (formerly \"Mac OS X\" and later \"OS X\") is a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. macOS is the successor to the original classic Mac OS, which had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "297431", "score": "0.8277926", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "MacOS", "text": "NeXTSTEP, then called OPENSTEP, to serve as the basis for Apple's next generation operating system. This purchase also led to Steve Jobs returning to Apple as an interim, and then the permanent CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first code named \"Rhapsody\" and then officially named Mac OS X. Mac OS X was originally presented as the tenth major version of Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers; current versions of macOS retain the major version number \"10\". Previous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "273949", "score": "0.82560813", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mac OS 8", "text": "Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8 is an operating system that was released by Apple Computer, Inc. on July 26, 1997. It represents the largest overhaul of the classic Mac OS since the release of System 7, approximately six years before. It emphasizes color more than prior versions. Released over a series of updates, Mac OS 8 represents an incremental integration of many of the technologies which had been developed from 1988 to 1996 for Apple's overly-ambitious OS named Copland. Mac OS 8 helped modernize the Mac OS while Apple developed its next generation operating system, Mac OS X. Mac", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2766288", "score": "0.824615", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mac OS X 10.0", "text": "The system requirements for Mac OS X 10.0 were not well received by the Macintosh community, as at the time the amount of RAM standard with Macintosh computers was 64 megabytes (MB), while the Mac OS X 10.0 requirements called for 128 MB of RAM. In addition, processor upgrade cards, which were quite popular for obsolete pre-G3 Power Macintosh computers, were not supported (and never officially have been, but can be made to work through third-party utility programs). Additionally the new operating system required more hard drive space, causing longer boot times. While the first Mac OS X release was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2736223", "score": "0.8241888", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Macintosh", "text": "and natively dual boot between Mac OS X and Windows. Although not condoned by Apple, it is possible to run the Linux operating system using Boot camp or other virtualization workarounds. Unlike most PCs, however, Macs are unable to run many legacy PC operating systems. In particular, Intel-based Macs lack the A20 gate. Since the introduction of the Macintosh, Apple has struggled to gain a significant share of the personal computer market. At first, the Macintosh 128K suffered from a dearth of available software compared to IBM's PC, resulting in disappointing sales in 1984 and 1985. It took 74 days", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12384323", "score": "0.8227196", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mac OS 9", "text": "Mac OS 9 Mac OS 9 is the ninth and final major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as \"The Best Internet Operating System Ever\", highlighting Sherlock 2's Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking. While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking, lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users. Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1656107", "score": "0.8201636", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Macintosh operating systems", "text": "a desktop metaphor that represents files and applications using icons and relates concepts like directories and file deletion to real-world objects like folders and a trash can; and overlapping windows for multitasking. The \"classic\" Mac OS is the original Macintosh operating system that was introduced in 1984 alongside the first Macintosh and remained in primary use on Macs through 2001. Apple released the original Macintosh on January 24, 1984; its early system software was partially based on the Lisa OS and the Xerox PARC Alto computer, which former Apple CEO Steve Jobs previewed. It was originally named \"System Software\", or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981602", "score": "0.82005644", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "macOS", "long_answer": "macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems. The first is colloquially called the \"classic\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks, releases have been named after landmarks in California. Apple shortened the name to \"OS X\" in 2012 and then changed it to \"macOS\" in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that it uses for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The latest version is macOS High Sierra, which was publicly released in September 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "1999. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks, releases have been named after landmarks in California. Apple shortened the name to \"OS X\" in 2012 and then changed it to \"macOS\" in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that it uses for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The latest version is macOS High Sierra, which was publicly released in September 2017.", "short_answers": [ "macOS High Sierra" ] }

[ "current denomination of U.S. currency" ]

[ { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The third U.S. President (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"Coin\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. Production went on until 1966,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "obverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship. Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills led some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation. \"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\" In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105287", "score": "0.969347", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "it was superimposed over the gray word . The United States Note obligation now became superimposed over a gray numeral 2. The reverse remained unchanged. The final change to $2 United States Notes came in 1963 when the motto was added to the reverse over the Monticello. Further, because dollar bills were soon to be no longer redeemable in silver, was removed from the obverse. All United States Notes of the $2, $5 and $100 denominations were officially discontinued in August 1966, although they all remain legal tender. On April 13, 1976, the Treasury Department reintroduced the $2 bill as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105289", "score": "0.9569571", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "a United States Note. Production went on until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design. Two-dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand. This comparative scarcity in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation, has also inspired urban legends about its authenticity and value and has occasionally created problems for those trying to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105274", "score": "0.94259125", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "bill's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination. In 1976, production of the two-dollar denomination was resumed and the two-dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note, with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello. It has remained a current denomination since that time. It was estimated that if the two-dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one-dollar bills in circulation, the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105276", "score": "0.9350364", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Wesley Weber", "text": "financial services without registration. Masterminds \"Money Maker\" Wesley Weber Wesley Weber (full name is Wesley Wayne Weber, 1974) is a Canadian who succeeded in counterfeiting the Canadian hundred-dollar bill. Because of this, many stores stopped accepting $100 bills until the note was redesigned. According to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, they are the highest quality computer produced counterfeits of Canadian currency to date. This was one reason that the 100 dollar bills were redesigned to make them more difficult to counterfeit. The Weber bill is still taught in police colleges as the prime test case for counterfeit. Wesley Weber, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12271092", "score": "0.93275046", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "1976 dollars ($ adjusted for inflation) over the period from 1976 to 1981, due to reduced production, storage, and shipping costs. However, due to their limited use, two-dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series as other denominations, which are produced according to demand. Some bill acceptors found in vending machines, self checkout lanes, transit systems and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two-dollar bills, even if the fact is not stated on the label. Although they are generally available at most banks, two-dollar bills are usually not handed out except upon specific request by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105277", "score": "0.9315642", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "since 1995 as part of ongoing anti-counterfeiting efforts, there are currently no plans to redesign the $1 or $2 bills. Since 1933, the one-dollar bill has been the exclusive experimental denomination among circulating US currency; however, an exception was made in August 1981 for several Richmond $10 notes produced on Natick test paper. The first experiment was conducted in January and February of that year to assess the effects of using different ratios of cotton to linen in the make-up of the bills. Series 1928A and 1928B $1 silver certificates with serial number block letters X-B and Y-B were used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761504", "score": "0.9221555", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "people mistakenly believe that the 1976 series note with its unusual reverse design was a special, limited issue, produced for the United States Bicentennial. This, combined with the earlier discontinuation of the denomination, gave the impression these notes might be valuable as collector's items, and contributed to hoarding. The public at large continues to be unfamiliar with the notes because they are not widely circulated and are still frequently hoarded. Today, there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced, though bills have been printed with series of 1976, 1995, 2003,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105279", "score": "0.91201293", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "customer, and may cause a delay with a trip to the vault. Printing $2 bills is twice as cost-effective for the government as printing $1 bills, since they both cost the same amount (about $0.05) to make, but the public has not circulated them as widely. During the Great Depression, few Americans had enough money to require $2 bills. In the middle of the 20th century, $2 bills were commonly used at strip clubs, for betting on horse racing, and for bribery when politicians wanted votes (though this may be an urban legend) and so acquired a negative reputation. Many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105278", "score": "0.9093184", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Counterfeit money", "text": "to redesign the $5 bill using colors, but recently reversed its decision, after learning some counterfeiters were bleaching the ink off the bills and printing them as $100 bills. The new $10 bill (the design of which was revealed in late 2005) entered circulation on March 2, 2006. The $1 bill and $2 bill are seen by most counterfeiters as having too low a value to counterfeit, and so they have not been redesigned as frequently as higher denominations. In the 1980s counterfeiting in the Republic of Ireland twice resulted in sudden changes in official documents: in November 1984 the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4889072", "score": "0.90383786", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Counterfeit United States currency", "text": "counterfeit one hundred-dollar bills, were some of the most widely distributed counterfeit American dollar bills and were still being produced after 2007. The Congressional Research Service has conducted a study and concluded with an accusation that North Korea was responsible for their production, but Pyongyang denied any involvement with Superdollar. In 2005, Peruvian Banks ceased to accept $100 bills from the 2001 series CB-B2, due to a detection in a series of counterfeit bills in Peruvian circulation. The Peruvian media reported that the notes were so well made that they were \"perfect fakes\". The differences between them and genuine bills", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4932683", "score": "0.8995433", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "1935) when it was first issued as a Federal Reserve Note (previously, one dollar bills were Silver Certificates). The inclusion of the motto, \"In God We Trust,\" on all currency was required by law in 1955, and first appeared on paper money in 1957. An individual dollar bill is also less formally known as a one, a single, a buck, a bone, and a bill. The Federal Reserve says the average life of a $1 bill in circulation is 5.8 years before it is replaced because of wear. Approximately 42% of all U.S. currency produced in 2009 were one-dollar bills.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761496", "score": "0.8978342", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "2003A, 2009, and 2013. A series changes when there is a redesign of the bill or changes in signatory; Secretary of the Treasury or Treasurer of the United States. The U.S. treasury reports that $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills were in circulation worldwide as of April 30, 2007. Things such as unusual serial numbers (example: A11111111A), and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value. \"Collectible\" two-dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105280", "score": "0.8950549", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Banknotes of the United States dollar", "text": "last printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill the largest denomination banknote in circulation. A $1 note was added in 1963 to replace the $1 Silver Certificate after that type of currency had been discontinued. Since United States Notes were discontinued in 1971, Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of currency circulating in the US. In 1976, a $2 note was added, 10 years after the $2 denomination of United States Note was officially discontinued. The denomination proved to be unpopular and is now treated as a curiosity, although it is still being printed. Starting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16590484", "score": "0.89242435", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "prevented from eating lunch that day for attempting to use a $2 bill to pay for chicken nuggets in the school cafeteria. Uncut currency sheets are available from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Some of the recent $2 uncut sheets from Series 1995 and Series 2003 have been collectibles as they come from special non-circulation printings. Most of the Series 1995 $2 uncut sheets had a higher suffix letter in the serial number than regular circulation $2 bills. Uncut $2 sheets from Series 2003 were printed for the Boston (A), New York (B), Atlanta (F), Chicago (G), Minneapolis (I),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105298", "score": "0.89053744", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "New Zealand dollar", "text": "upon a photograph by Peter Grugeon, in which Queen Elizabeth II is wearing Grand Duchess Vladimir's tiara and Queen Victoria's golden jubilee necklace. The $50 note was added in 1983 to fill the long gap between the $20 and the $100 notes. $1 and $2 notes were discontinued in 1991 after being replaced with coins. A new series of notes was introduced in 1992. The obverse of each note featured a notable New Zealander, while the reverse featured a native New Zealand bird and New Zealand scenery. In 1999, polymer notes replaced the paper notes. The designs remained much the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1404666", "score": "0.8813751", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "of the one-dollar bill was changed again. On the obverse, the blue numeral 1 was changed to gray and made smaller, the gray to the right was removed, the Treasury seal was made smaller and superimposed by , and a stylized was added over the treasury seal. The reverse was also changed to its current design, except for the absence of . World War II brought about special issues of one-dollar bills in 1942. Special $1 Silver Certificates were issued for Hawaii in case of a Japanese invasion. was printed vertically on the left and right side of the obverse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761500", "score": "0.88044566", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "notes were printed and a large amount were saved and hoarded upon their original issue. A typical single uncirculated 1976 $2 bill is worth only slightly above face value. If the note is circulated, then it is only worth its $2 face value. In 1996 and 1997, 153,600,000 bills were printed as Series 1995 for the Federal Reserve District of Atlanta. In 2004, 121,600,000 of the Series 2003 bills were printed for the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank. An issue of Series 2003A $2 bills was printed from July to September 2006 for all twelve Federal Reserve Banks. In all, 220,800,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105292", "score": "0.88014483", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "and also horizontally across the reverse. The seal and serial numbers were changed to brown. Special Silver Certificates were also issued as payment for Allied troops in North Africa about to begin their assault into Europe. The only difference on these one-dollar bills was a yellow instead of blue seal. Both of these types of notes could be declared worthless if they fell into enemy hands. The next change came in 1957 when the $1 bill became the first piece of paper U.S. currency to bear the motto ; it was added over the word on the reverse. Initially the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761501", "score": "0.8799926", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "United States five-dollar bill", "text": "$5 bill in circulation is 5.5 years before it is replaced due to wear. Approximately 6% of all paper currency produced by the U.S. Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 2009 were $5 bills. The redesigned $5 bill was unveiled on September 20, 2007, and was issued on March 13, 2008 during a ceremony at President Lincoln's Cottage. New and enhanced security features make it easier to check the new $5 bill and more difficult for potential counterfeiters to reproduce. The redesigned $5 bill has: The five dollar bill lacks the Optically variable ink of higher denomination US bills.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2673071", "score": "0.8704683", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "database of the American currency-tracking website Where's George?. Because $2 bills are uncommon in daily use, their use can make a particular group of spenders visible. A documented case of using two-dollar bills to send a message to a community is the case of Geneva Steel and the communities in the surrounding Utah County. In 1989, Geneva Steel paid its employee bonuses in $2 bills. When the bills began to appear in different places, people recognized the importance of the company to the local economy. Use of the two-dollar bill is also being suggested by some gun rights activists to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105294", "score": "0.8686587", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "United States $1 Coin Act of 1997", "text": "was inefficient to stock both, so eventually they scrapped Betamax and went with VHS. Similarly, retailers find it inefficient to handle both dollar bills and dollar coins, so they will not switch to dollar coins until dollar bills are phased out. David Clayton, owner of Automatic Food Service in Nashville, Tennessee, then spoke in favor of eliminating the paper dollar. He said, \"Until the coin circulates widely, our industry will continue to be burdened by the capital investment, high operating costs and customer frustration and inconvenience in using the one-dollar bill... In the early 1960s, one coin, a quarter, could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15331556", "score": "0.8663124", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "number of these $1 bills entered circulation and the rest were kept in Treasury vaults until 1949 when they were issued in Puerto Rico. In 1934, the design of the $1 silver certificate was changed. This occurred with that year's passage of the Silver Purchase Act, which led to a large increase in dollar bills backed by that metal. Under Washington's portrait, was changed to . The Treasury seal was moved to the right and superimposed over , and a blue numeral 1 was added to the left. The reverse remained the same. A year later, in 1935, the design", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761499", "score": "0.86429346", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United States one-dollar bill", "text": "BEP began printing the motto on notes printed with the new 32 note press, but soon Series of 1935G bills printed on a 18 note press featured the motto. The final production of $1 Silver Certificates occurred in late 1963. In 1964, the redemption of Silver Certificates for silver coin ended and in 1968 the redemption of Silver Certificates for silver bullion ended. Production of one-dollar Federal Reserve Notes was undertaken in late 1963 to replace the soon-to-be obsolete $1 Silver Certificate. The design on the reverse remained the same, but the border design on the obverse underwent considerable modification,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2761502", "score": "0.8637229", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Kenneth Rogoff", "text": "In \"The Curse of Cash\", published in 2016, he urged that the United States phase out the 100-dollar bill, then the 50-dollar bill, then the 20-dollar bill, leaving only smaller denominations in circulation. Kenneth Rogoff Kenneth Saul \"Ken\" Rogoff (born March 22, 1953) is an American economist and chess Grandmaster. He is the Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Economics at Harvard University. Rogoff grew up in Rochester, New York. His father was a Professor of Radiology at the University of Rochester. Rogoff received a BA and MA from Yale University \"summa cum laude\" in 1975,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4954011", "score": "0.8621266", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of the United States dollar", "text": "notes are not clearly seen). The redesigned $100 bill was released October 8, 2013. It costs 11.8 cents to produce each bill. \"The soundness of a nation's currency is essential to the soundness of its economy. And to uphold our currency's soundness, it must be recognized and honored as legal tender and counterfeiting must be effectively thwarted,\" Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said at a ceremony unveiling the $20 bill's new design. Prior to its current design, the most recent redesign of the U.S. dollar bill was in 1996. As a result of a 2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5235806", "score": "0.8611791", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "their economic impact in an area. The idea was first popularized in 1977 when Georgia Tech had threatened no longer to play the Tigers in football and has since caught on as a token of fandom when traveling to other locations. Fans will often stamp an orange tiger paw (Clemson's logo) on the note as a sign of its origin. During the 1930s, the $2 bill was often used at East Coast horse race tracks to make a bet. Because of the German and Jewish influence, the bill was locally known in parts of New Jersey as a \"zwei-buck\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105296", "score": "0.8589362", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "text": "use the bill to make purchases. The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act, and first used in March 1862. The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two-dollar bill was assigned to. In 1966, the Treasury Department decided to discontinue production of all denominations of United States Notes, which included the two-dollar bill. The two-dollar denomination was not immediately reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued; the Treasury cited the two-dollar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20105275", "score": "0.8569498", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jamaican dollar", "text": "by the $20 in June 1976, when the 50 cent note was replaced by a coin. $100 notes were added on 2 December 1986, followed by $50 notes on 27 July 1988. The $2 note was dropped in 1994, whilst the $1 note was replaced by a coin in 1990. In 1994, coins replaced the $5 notes and $500 notes were introduced. In 1999, $10 coins replaced notes, whilst, in 2000, $20 coins replaced the notes and $1000 notes were introduced. Banknotes currently in circulation are: The Bank of Jamaica introduced a $5000 bill into Jamaica's monetary system on 24", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4403644", "score": "0.85629433", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "United States two-dollar bill", "long_answer": "The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The third U.S. President (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"Coin\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. Production went on until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design. Two-dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand. This comparative scarcity in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation, has also inspired urban legends and occasionally has created problems for people trying to use the bill to make purchases.", "chunked_long_answer": "The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The third U.S. President (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"Coin\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. Production went on until 1966,", "short_answers": [ "current denomination of U.S. currency" ] }

[ "Selena Gomez", "American singer Selena Gomez" ]

[ { "title": "It Ain't Me", "text": "\"It Ain't Me\" is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez. It was released by Interscope Records, Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo's first EP, Stargazing. The song was written by Kygo, Gomez, Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. It was produced by Kygo, Watt, Ben Rice and Louis Bell. A dance-pop, electropop and tropical house song, \"It Ain't Me\" comprises an acoustic guitar line, and a build-drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes, bass, synthesizers, finger-snap claps and pan flute melodies. Gomez sings the track", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be", "text": "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be \"It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be\" is a duet recorded between Aretha Franklin and Whitney Houston, and appeared on Franklin's 1989 album \"Through the Storm\". The original album version was produced by Narada Michael Walden and the \"re-mix\" version was produced by Teddy Riley. It was released as a single in June of that year. It peaked at #41 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. However, it reached the Top 10 of the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It also peaked at number 29 on the UK Singles Chart. Allmusic editor William", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532980", "score": "1.009443", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)", "text": "Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix) \"Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)\" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez. The song, a remix of \"Ain't It Funny\", features additional vocals from Ja Rule (Jeffrey Atkins) and Caddillac Tah (Tiheem Crocker). It was written by Lopez, Atkins, Tah, Cory Rooney, Irving Lorenzo, and Ashanti. Over a reworking of the beat to Craig Mack's \"Flava in Ya Ear\" (produced by Easy Mo Bee), Lopez sings about \"dropping a boyfriend who keeps messing up\". In July 2001, Jennifer Lopez's' number one album \"J.Lo\" (2001) was reissued with a Murder Inc remix of one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6104286", "score": "1.0038612", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me", "text": "sings the track in a husky tone, while in the chorus her vocals are reduced to recurring syllables. The lyrics are nostalgic and narrate a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often. In addition to reaching number one in Croatia, Lebanon, and Norway, the song attained a top five peak in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. It also reached the top 10 in Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The lyrics of \"It Ain't Me\" were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19992804", "score": "0.9889463", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "It Ain't Easy (Long John Baldry album)", "text": "\"Black Girl\", an American folk song most associated with Lead Belly, though covered by the likes of Bob Dylan, the Grateful Dead, Dolly Parton and Nirvana. Baldry does a version singing with Maggie Bell, who also appeared on \"Every Picture Tells a Story\". \"It Ain't Easy\" also includes Willie Dixon's song \"I'm Ready\" and an Elton John-Bernie Taupin song, \"Rock Me When He's Gone\". It is possible that John, a budding star in the early 1970s, took his last name from Long John Baldry. Baldry and Stewart put a band together to promote the album on Baldry's first tour of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5668363", "score": "0.9859751", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be", "text": "Ruhlmann retrospectively panned \"It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be,\" calling it, \"an embarrassing failure for both Franklin and the previously pop-perfect Whitney Houston.\" It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be \"It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be\" is a duet recorded between Aretha Franklin and Whitney Houston, and appeared on Franklin's 1989 album \"Through the Storm\". The original album version was produced by Narada Michael Walden and the \"re-mix\" version was produced by Teddy Riley. It was released as a single in June of that year. It peaked at #41 on the \"Billboard\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532981", "score": "0.9856609", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Who Do You Love (Bernard Wright song)", "text": "It Ain't Love\" by Tichina Arnold, \"Tell Me (I'll Be Around)\" by Shades, \"Who Is a Thug\" by Big Pun and \"Is It Kool?\" by Luniz; as well as in the remix of \"Loungin\" by LL Cool J. The official music video for the song was directed by Zbigniew Rybczyński. Who Do You Love (Bernard Wright song) \"Who Do You Love\" is a song co-written and performed by American contemporary R&B singer Bernard Wright, issued as the first single from his third studio album \"Mr. Wright\". The song was his highest chart appearance on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart, peaking at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19157656", "score": "0.98488235", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "It Ain't Nothin'", "text": "song, and has aired on The Nashville Network, CMT and Great American Country. The music video shows pictures a la \"Knots Landing\" fashion and are a montage of Whitley throughout his life, from early childhood through shortly before his death. It Ain't Nothin' \"It Ain't Nothin'\" is a song written by Tony Haselden, and recorded by American country music artist Keith Whitley. It was posthumously released in October 1989 as the second single from the album \"I Wonder Do You Think of Me\". His fifth and last No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, the song was his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14234486", "score": "0.98322177", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me Babe", "text": "scale descending through a minor third. (Dylan played at the Royal Festival Hall on Sunday, May 17, 1964. The \"Times\" reviewed the performance in the following day's edition under the heading of \"A Minnesota Minstrel.\" However, the review makes no mention of \"It Ain't Me, Babe.\") It Ain't Me Babe \"It Ain't Me Babe\" is a song by Bob Dylan that originally appeared on his fourth album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", which was released in 1964 by Columbia Records. According to music critic Oliver Trager, this song, along with others on the album, marked a departure for Dylan as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3257299", "score": "0.98177314", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me", "text": "message of the demo. According to Tamposi, the producers brought the song to life. The three songwriters would usually spend several months pitching their songs to different singers, but with \"It Ain't Me\" Gomez heard it about a month afterward and recorded it a few days later. Tamposi was called back for the vocal sessions with Gomez where they shared a similar emotional vision for \"It Ain't Me\", basing it on their own personal experiences. Recalling the sessions, Tamposi said she was impressed with Gomez's involvement and the ideas she came up with for the song. A dance-pop, electropop and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19992807", "score": "0.981514", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me, Babe (comics)", "text": "Moodian and Terre Richards—who teamed with Robbins—to recruit creators for another women's lib comic, which in 1972 became the Wimmen's Comix Collective. It Ain't Me, Babe (comics) It Ain't Me Babe Comix is a one-shot underground comic book published in 1970. It is the first comic book produced entirely by women. It was co-produced by Trina Robbins and Barbara \"Willy\" Mendes, and published by Last Gasp. Robbins and other staff members from a feminist newspaper in Berkeley, California, also called \"It Ain't Me, Babe\", contributed. Many of the creators from the \"It Ain't Me Babe\" comic went on to contribute", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18494388", "score": "0.9798247", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Melissa McClelland", "text": "guest artist on Blue Rodeo's 2008 live album, \"Blue Road\". In 2007 McClelland opened a tour with Jesse Cook and sang on his recording of \"It Ain't Me Babe\" (a Bob Dylan cover) which was released on his 2007 album \"Frontiers\". \"It Ain't Me Babe\" was released as a single from that album, which spent 3 weeks in the top position on Billboard's world music charts. Also in 2007, McClelland's \"Passenger 24\" won in The 6th Annual Independent Music Awards for Best Americana Song. McClelland's song \"Rooftop\" was featured on the CD of the television series \"\". The song was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7792556", "score": "0.9790527", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me Babe", "text": "It Ain't Me Babe \"It Ain't Me Babe\" is a song by Bob Dylan that originally appeared on his fourth album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", which was released in 1964 by Columbia Records. According to music critic Oliver Trager, this song, along with others on the album, marked a departure for Dylan as he began to explore the possibilities of language and deeper levels of the human experience. Within a year of its release, the song was picked up as a single by folk rock act the Turtles and country artist Johnny Cash (who sang it as a duet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3257296", "score": "0.97566557", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me, Babe (comics)", "text": "It Ain't Me, Babe (comics) It Ain't Me Babe Comix is a one-shot underground comic book published in 1970. It is the first comic book produced entirely by women. It was co-produced by Trina Robbins and Barbara \"Willy\" Mendes, and published by Last Gasp. Robbins and other staff members from a feminist newspaper in Berkeley, California, also called \"It Ain't Me, Babe\", contributed. Many of the creators from the \"It Ain't Me Babe\" comic went on to contribute to the long-running series \"Wimmen's Comix\". Female cartoonists Robbins, Mendes, and \"Hurricane\" Nancy Kalish (who sometimes signed her work \"Panzika\") were frustrated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18494385", "score": "0.9706024", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ain't Nobody", "text": "Songs chart. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in the United Kingdom, where the song was also a hit for Gwen Dickey and KWS (reaching No. 21) and The Course (No. 8). \"It's a Biz (Ain't Nobody)\" is a single by German hard dance band Scooter. It was released on 23 March 2012 as the fifth single from their fifteenth studio album \"The Big Mash Up\". In 2015, German music producer and DJ Felix Jaehn released a remix titled \"Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)\" featuring vocals by British singer Jasmine Thompson. It is the lead single for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8594275", "score": "0.96649104", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me", "text": "written by Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. With Watt previously working with Kygo, the DJ's manager Myles Shear contacted Watt for a session with Kygo which Watt also facilitated for Lee and Tamposi. During their session for \"It Ain't Me\", they initially found the track very poor, but were trying to salvage it. Kygo and Shear suggested that they continue working on the song. After Kygo and Shear had left, Tamposi told Watt and Lee to play guitar and \"Fleetwood Mac it\", spawning a 45-minute jam session as well as the demo of \"It Ain't Me\", a simple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19992805", "score": "0.96629655", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ain't It Funny", "text": "Ain't It Funny \"Ain't It Funny\" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was written by Lopez and Cory Rooney for the Adam Shankman-directed romantic comedy \"The Wedding Planner\" (2001). Shankman, however, felt that the song had too much of a Latin-influence to be featured in the film, and it was instead included on Lopez's second studio album, \"J.Lo\" (2001). \"Ain't It Funny\" was released as the third single from the album on June 20, 2001, by Epic Records. The song was used as background music in three television advertisements in Japan to promote the 2001 Subaru", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6104055", "score": "0.96148443", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Say It Ain't So, Joe (song)", "text": "Head, 1994 Roger Daltrey, in 1977 covered the song for his third solo album \"One of the Boys\", this cover version features Keith Moon (drums), and John Entwistle (bass) of The Who, as well as Jimmy McCulloch (guitar) of Paul McCartney's Wings. Daltrey's version was released as a single (apart from in the UK) and peaked at number 20 in the Netherlands, but failed to chart elsewhere. Say It Ain't So, Joe (song) \"Say It Ain't So, Joe\" is a song written and performed by Murray Head. The song was released on Head's second studio album \"Say It Ain't So\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17888723", "score": "0.96147346", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lita Gaithers", "text": "Lita Gaithers Lita Gaithers Owens (born July 30) is an African-American singer-songwriter, actress, and Tony Award-nominated co-author of the Broadway musical \"It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues\", which was nominated for 4 Tony Awards including Best Musical in 1999. Lita, who received a nomination for the \"Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical\", is one of a handful of women who have been nominated in this category. As a veteran performer of the theatre, her lead and featured stage performances include being an original cast member of \"Blues\", \"The Tin Pan Alley Rag\", \"Ain’t Misbehavin' \", \"Nunsense\", \"Best Little", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16011966", "score": "0.96109813", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "It Ain't Gonna Rain No Mo'", "text": "tradition has continued into modern times: a part of the song was sung in the 2014 film \"Against the Sun\" and was also featured over the end credits. It Ain't Gonna Rain No Mo' \"It Ain't Gonna Rain No Mo'\" is a song by \"The Red-Headed Music Maker\", singer and instrumentalist Wendell Hall (1896–1969). Hall's 1923 recording of it was a hit in the US and also in Britain, where it was sung during the 1925 FA Cup final by Sheffield United supporters, making it a popular football song of the era. This song is an example of the folk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12710044", "score": "0.9584227", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me Babe (album)", "text": "It Ain't Me Babe (album) It Ain't Me Babe is the first studio album by the American rock band the Turtles. It was released in October 1965 on White Whale Records. Prior to recording, the band members required written permission from their parents due to being underage. Included on the album is original work from the band's high school performing days and their own interpretations of popular songs from other musicians. The most successful track \"It Ain't Me Babe\" reached #8 on the national charts. Sundazed Records licensed the rights to the Turtles' library and has re-released most of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7497785", "score": "0.95493305", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Nashville (film)", "text": "Barbara Jean is carried bleeding and unconscious from the stage. Haven tries to calm the crowd by exhorting them to sing, asserting that \"This isn't Dallas\". As he is led from the stage for treatment of his wounds, he hands the microphone off to Winifred, who begins to sing \"It Don't Worry Me\" and is joined by Linnea's gospel choir. The film ends with the audience raptly listening to Winifred's song — she has finally got her big break. There are cameo appearances by Elliott Gould, Julie Christie, Vassar Clements and Howard K. Smith, all playing themselves. Gould and Christie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "823100", "score": "0.9516409", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)", "text": "attempting to look/flirt with other women at the party. As he leaves, she goes on entertaining the other guests. The second part of the video involves scenes with Lopez, Ja Rule and Cadillac tah in a white room, Ja Rule in a recording studio in Lopez's home, Lopez sitting in a chair singing bits of the song, and Lopez and Ja Rule singing the parts of the final verse against a gold backdrop. Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix) \"Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)\" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez. The song, a remix of \"Ain't It Funny\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6104299", "score": "0.9515378", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me Babe", "text": "with his future wife June Carter). Dylan's biographers generally agree that the song owes its inspiration to his former girlfriend Suze Rotolo. He reportedly began writing the song during his visit to Italy in 1963 while searching for Rotolo, who was studying there. Clinton Heylin reports that a \"Times\" reporter at a May 1964 Royal Festival Hall concert where Dylan first played \"It Ain't Me\" took the chorus \"no, no, no\" as a parody of the Beatles' \"yeah, yeah, yeah\" in \"She Loves You\". Nat Hentoff's late October 1964 \"New Yorker\" article on Dylan includes an account of Hentoff's presence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3257297", "score": "0.9440073", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ain't Nobody (Monica song)", "text": "David Nelson (Known for his work for Donell Jones, Da Brat, 2Pac, R. Kelly & Nicole Wray) and was filmed in the Staten Island Ferry, in New York City. It also features scenes from the Nutty Professor movie, cut between Monica & Treach's scenes. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of \"Ain't Nobody\" Ain't Nobody (Monica song) \"Ain't Nobody\" is an R&B/hip hop soul mid-tempo song produced by Dallas Austin for American R&B singer Monica. It was featured on the Nutty Professor official soundtrack, and also was released as Miss Thang's fourth and final single on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11550239", "score": "0.9432764", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ain't I", "text": "Ain't I \"Ain't I\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Yung L.A., released as his debut single on November 25, 2008 via Grand Hustle and Interscope Records. The song was intended to be the lead single from his then-debut album \"Futuristic Leland\", which was later shelved. The song, produced by B Franks, features guest appearances from his then-mentor Young Dro and Grand Hustle label-boss T.I., after the two remixed the song to release it commercially. Upon its release, the song reached number 47 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, on March 28, 2009. The single is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13056538", "score": "0.94212425", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "It Ain't Easy (Long John Baldry album)", "text": "the US. The band consisted of mostly players from Stewart's \"Every Picture Tells a Story\" album. Sam Mitchell on blues guitar, Micky Waller on drums, Pete Sears on bass, and Ian Armitt on piano. They were called \"The Long John Baldry Blues Band\" and played two tours of the US. 2005 Re-issue bonus tracks: It Ain't Easy (Long John Baldry album) It Ain't Easy is a 1971 album by Long John Baldry. According to extensive notes about Long John Baldry's career in the re-release 2005 CD, Rod Stewart was brought on board to produce \"It Ain't Easy\" for Warner Brothers.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5668364", "score": "0.9403565", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "It's Me (song)", "text": "It's Me (song) \"It's Me\" is a popular 1994 single by rock singer Alice Cooper from his 1994 concept album The Last Temptation. The song still had good chart success, reaching #34 in the United Kingdom. The song is the last time one of Cooper's songs charted until 2000's \"Gimme\". The song was written by Alice Cooper, Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw. Along with the other single from the album, Lost in America, it helped make The Last Temptation become his most recent, highest-charting album until 2008's Along Came a Spider. A music video was made for the song but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13677566", "score": "0.93956685", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "It Ain't Me Babe (album)", "text": "group's early albums. \"Billboard 200\"- \"Billboard Hot 100\"- It Ain't Me Babe (album) It Ain't Me Babe is the first studio album by the American rock band the Turtles. It was released in October 1965 on White Whale Records. Prior to recording, the band members required written permission from their parents due to being underage. Included on the album is original work from the band's high school performing days and their own interpretations of popular songs from other musicians. The most successful track \"It Ain't Me Babe\" reached #8 on the national charts. Sundazed Records licensed the rights to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7497786", "score": "0.93845975", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "It Ain't Nothin'", "text": "It Ain't Nothin' \"It Ain't Nothin'\" is a song written by Tony Haselden, and recorded by American country music artist Keith Whitley. It was posthumously released in October 1989 as the second single from the album \"I Wonder Do You Think of Me\". His fifth and last No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, the song was his second posthumous chart-topper, reaching the top of the chart seven months after his death. The song spent one week at No. 1 and 17 weeks in the Hot Country Singles chart's top 40. A music video was released of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14234485", "score": "0.938395", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "It Ain't Me", "long_answer": "\"It Ain't Me\" is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez. It was released by Interscope Records, Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo's first EP, Stargazing. The song was written by Kygo, Gomez, Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. It was produced by Kygo, Watt, Ben Rice and Louis Bell. A dance-pop, electropop and tropical house song, \"It Ain't Me\" comprises an acoustic guitar line, and a build-drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes, bass, synthesizers, finger-snap claps and pan flute melodies. Gomez sings the track in a husky tone, while in the chorus her vocals are reduced to recurring syllables. The lyrics are nostalgic and narrate a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"It Ain't Me\" is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez. It was released by Interscope Records, Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo's first EP, Stargazing. The song was written by Kygo, Gomez, Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. It was produced by Kygo, Watt, Ben Rice and Louis Bell. A dance-pop, electropop and tropical house song, \"It Ain't Me\" comprises an acoustic guitar line, and a build-drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes, bass, synthesizers, finger-snap claps and pan flute melodies. Gomez sings the track", "short_answers": [ "American singer Selena Gomez", "Selena Gomez" ] }

[ "April 11, 2018" ]

[ { "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "text": "17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"back-to-back\" games teams are scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25, 2017. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. The regular season ended on April 11, 2018 and the playoffs began on April 14, 2018.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2018–19 NBA season", "text": "2018–19 NBA season The 2018–19 NBA season is the 73rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 16, 2018, and will end on April 10, 2019. The playoffs will begin April 13, 2019, with the NBA Finals concluding in June. The 2019 NBA All-Star Game will be played on February 17, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6 after the July moratorium ended. The preseason began on September 28 and ended on October 12. The Toronto Raptors played two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20616542", "score": "1.0119892", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2011–12 NBA season", "text": "2011–12 NBA season The 2011–12 NBA season was the 66th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), began with the signing of a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the owners of the 30 NBA teams and the NBA's players. The previous CBA, which was ratified in 2005, expired at 12:01 AM EDT on July 1, 2011, resulting in a lockout. With the new deal in place, the regular season was shortened from the normal 82 games per team to 66, because of nearly two months of inactivity. The season began on December 25, 2011, and ended on April 26,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290751", "score": "0.9875016", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "text": "the game 114−103. The 2018 NBA Playoffs began on Saturday, April 14, 2018, ESPN aired the 2018 Eastern Conference Finals and TNT aired the 2018 Western Conference Finals. For the first time since 1979 both Conference Finals series went to a deciding Game 7. The season ended with the 2018 NBA Finals which began on May 31, 2018 and ended on June 8, 2018 on ABC. Awards were presented at the NBA Awards ceremony, which were held on June 25. Finalists for voted awards were announced during the playoffs and winners were presented at the award ceremony. The All-NBA Team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20068471", "score": "0.9715756", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2015–16 NBA season", "text": "the New Orleans Pelicans at 10:30 p.m. EDT at the Oracle Arena. Christmas Day games were played on Friday, December 25, 2015. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 13, 2016. The schedule was released at 6:00 p.m. EDT on August 12, 2015. Notes The 2016 NBA playoffs began on Saturday, April 16, 2016 and ended with the 2016 NBA Finals which began on June 2, 2016 and ended on June 19, 2016 on ABC. ESPN broadcast the Eastern Conference Finals and TNT broadcast the Western Conference Finals. ABC broadcast the NBA Finals. The following players were named the Eastern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18374928", "score": "0.9582603", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2014–15 NBA season", "text": "2014. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 28, 2014, with the defending NBA champions San Antonio Spurs hosting the first game against the Dallas Mavericks. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 15, 2015. Christmas Day games were played on Thursday, December 25, 2014. The NBA is mulling a week-long All-Star break in February 2015, and the full schedule was released during a one-hour schedule release special on August 13, 2014 at 6:00 p.m. EDT on NBA TV. Notes The 2015 NBA playoffs began on Saturday, April 18, 2015 and concluded with the 2015 NBA Finals which began on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17944782", "score": "0.95595086", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2016–17 NBA season", "text": "There were no head coaching changes during the regular season. This was the first time since the 1963–64 NBA season that there was no in-season coaching changes, the fourth time this happened in league history. The preseason began on October 1, 2016 and ended on October 21, 2016. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 25, 2016. Christmas Day games were played on Sunday, December 25, 2016. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 12, 2017. The schedule was released at 6:00 p.m. ET on August 11, 2016. Notes The 2017 NBA Playoffs began on April 15, 2017. In May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19118002", "score": "0.95183283", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "National Basketball Association", "text": "which include the names of the various sponsors who have paid for naming rights. Shortly after the All-Star break is the trade deadline, which is set to fall on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in February) at 3pm Eastern Time. After this date, teams are not allowed to exchange players with each other for the remainder of the season, although they may still sign and release players. Major trades are often completed right before the trading deadline, making that day a hectic time for general managers. Around the middle of April, the regular season ends. It is during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "296021", "score": "0.95063335", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2013–14 NBA season", "text": "ended on April 16, 2014, and the playoffs began on Saturday, April 19, 2014, and ended on June 15, 2014, with the San Antonio Spurs defeating the Miami Heat in five games to win the 2014 NBA Finals. Free agency negotiation started on July 1, 2013, with players being able to sign starting July 10, after the July moratorium ended. The Preseason began on Saturday, October 5, 2013, and ended on Friday, October 25, 2013. Earlier in March 2013, Commissioner David J. Stern announced that the NBA would be playing its first preseason game in the Philippines on October 10,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16476572", "score": "0.9496711", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2012–13 NBA season", "text": "On October 7, the NBA Mexico Games 2012 were played between the New Orleans Hornets and Orlando Magic. Finally, the NBA Canada Series was played on October 19 between the Toronto Raptors and New York Knicks in Montreal, and on October 24 between the Minnesota Timberwolves and Detroit Pistons in Winnipeg. The regular season started on Tuesday October 30, 2012, when the 2011–12 NBA Champions Miami Heat defeated the Boston Celtics 120–107. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 17, 2013. The entire schedule was released on Thursday night July 26 at 7 PM ET on NBA TV. For the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16139815", "score": "0.941234", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2011–12 NBA season", "text": "The following players won the Community Assist Award. 2011–12 NBA season The 2011–12 NBA season was the 66th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), began with the signing of a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the owners of the 30 NBA teams and the NBA's players. The previous CBA, which was ratified in 2005, expired at 12:01 AM EDT on July 1, 2011, resulting in a lockout. With the new deal in place, the regular season was shortened from the normal 82 games per team to 66, because of nearly two months of inactivity. The season began on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290759", "score": "0.9383222", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2012–13 NBA season", "text": "2012–13 NBA season The 2012–13 NBA season was the 67th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on Tuesday, October 30, 2012, when the 2011–12 NBA Champions Miami Heat started the season by hosting the Boston Celtics. The 2013 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 17, 2013, at Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 17, 2013, and the playoffs began on Saturday, April 20, 2013 and ended on June 20, 2013 with the Miami Heat defeating the San Antonio Spurs in seven games to win the 2013 NBA Finals.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16139813", "score": "0.93771136", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "text": "Oklahoma City Thunder, Phoenix Suns, Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs and Washington Wizards. 2017–18 NBA season The 2017–18 NBA season was the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"back-to-back\" games teams were scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20068474", "score": "0.9350936", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2015–16 NBA season", "text": "2015–16 NBA season The 2015–16 NBA season was the 70th season of the National Basketball Association. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 27, 2015 at the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls, with their game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2016 NBA All-Star Game was played at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on February 14, 2016. The regular season ended on April 13, 2016. The playoffs started on April 16, 2016 and ended with the 2016 NBA Finals on June 19, 2016, with the Cleveland Cavaliers becoming NBA Champions for the first time in franchise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18374926", "score": "0.93123555", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2011–12 NBA season", "text": "2011–12 season. Owners allowed players to have voluntary workouts at team sites starting December 1. On December 8, 2011, the lockout ended when the owners and players ratified a new CBA agreement. Training camp began on December 9. A revised two-game preseason schedule took place. A revised 66-game regular season began on December 25, 2011, with five Christmas Day games, two more than the original schedule. The league built a new schedule from scratch based on available arena dates. In October, the league allowed arenas in Los Angeles and Chicago to reassign NBA dates for other events. The number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290754", "score": "0.92991126", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2013–14 NBA season", "text": "2013 at the Mall of Asia Arena in Manila featuring the Houston Rockets versus the Indiana Pacers. The arena was also the venue of the 2013 FIBA Asia Championship. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 29, 2013, with the Indiana Pacers hosting a game against the Orlando Magic. The regular season ended on Wednesday, April 16, 2014. The season featured the unveiling of national television games such as on Christmas Day along with Chicago Bulls at Brooklyn Nets, Oklahoma City Thunder at New York Knicks, Miami Heat at Los Angeles Lakers, Houston Rockets at San Antonio Spurs and Los", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16476573", "score": "0.9298408", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2016–17 NBA season", "text": "Charlotte's Spectrum Center, was removed as the host on July 21, 2016 due to the league's opposition against North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act. The regular season ended on April 12, 2017, and the playoffs began on April 15, 2017 and ended on June 12, 2017, with the Golden State Warriors going 16-1 in the playoffs and beating the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games during their third consecutive matchup in the NBA Finals. Free agency negotiations began on Friday, July 1, 2016 at 12:01 a.m. e.t. Players can sign starting on July 6, after the July moratorium ended.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19118001", "score": "0.92456424", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "National Basketball Players Association", "text": "200 days, and wiped out 464 regular-season games. After players and owners reached an agreement, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, with each of the 29 NBA teams playing a 50-game schedule. The current collective bargaining agreement was reached in July 2005, and expired at 12:01 EST on July 1, 2011, following completion of the 2010–11 NBA season, resulting in a lockout, similar to the 2011 NFL lockout. ESPN has reported that the owners and players failed to reach an agreement and broke off negotiations, and that the owners began a lockout immediately after the collective bargaining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11477203", "score": "0.9199921", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2011–12 NBA season", "text": "2012. The playoffs started on April 28 and ended on June 21 when the Miami Heat defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder in Game 5 of their series, 121–106, winning the Finals, 4–1 and to capture the franchise's second NBA title. LeBron James was named both the Regular Season MVP and the NBA Finals MVP. Free agency started on December 9, 2011. The lockout was the fourth work stoppage in the history of the NBA. It began at UTC (12:01 am EDT) on July 1, 2011. The main issues dividing the owners and the players were revenue sharing and the structure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290752", "score": "0.91959894", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2014–15 NBA season", "text": "Valuable Player Award. The regular season ended on Wednesday April 15, 2015 and the playoffs began on Saturday, April 18, 2015 and ended with the 2015 NBA Finals on June 16, 2015, after the Golden State Warriors defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games to win their fourth NBA title. The Charlotte Bobcats played their first official game as the Charlotte Hornets since 2002. Free agency negotiations began on July 1, 2014, when players began to sign starting on July 10, after the July moratorium ended. The preseason began on Saturday, October 4, 2014 and ended on Friday, October 24,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17944781", "score": "0.9191866", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2013–14 NBA season", "text": "2013–14 NBA season The 2013–14 NBA season was the 68th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on Tuesday, October 29, 2013, with the Indiana Pacers hosting a game against the Orlando Magic followed by the 2012–13 NBA champions Miami Heat hosting a game against the Chicago Bulls followed by the Los Angeles Lakers hosting a game against the Los Angeles Clippers. The 2014 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 16, 2014, at the Smoothie King Center in New Orleans. Cleveland's Kyrie Irving won the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award. The regular season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16476571", "score": "0.9183191", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2011–12 NBA season", "text": "of the salary cap. During the lockout, teams could not trade, sign or contact players and players couldn't access NBA team facilities, trainers, or staff members. All preseason games (scheduled to begin October 9) and the first six weeks of the regular season (scheduled to begin November 1, through December 15) were canceled. Some players signed contracts to play in other countries, and most had the option to return to the NBA as soon as the lockout ended. On November 26, 2011, after 15 hours of talks, a tentative deal was reached; once officially ratified, the NBA started a revised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15290753", "score": "0.91288674", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2015–16 NBA season", "text": "history after defeating the Golden State Warriors in seven games. Free agency negotiations began on Friday, July 1, 2015 while players will begin to sign starting on July 7, after the July moratorium ended. The preseason began on Friday, October 2, 2015 and ended on Friday, October 23, 2015. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 27, 2015 at the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls, who hosted a game against the Cleveland Cavaliers at 8:00 p.m. EDT, then the Atlanta Hawks hosted the Detroit Pistons at 8:00 p.m. EDT. Finally, the defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors hosted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18374927", "score": "0.91193205", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2011 NBA lockout", "text": "and a 66-game regular season schedule per team rather than the standard seven preseason games and an 82-game regular season schedule. Teams were allowed to contact players' agents on November 30. Players could begin working out voluntarily at team facilities with trainers on December 1, but coaches and general managers were not allowed to observe the workouts nor could any drills be conducted. NBA teams began talking to free agents on December 5, 2011 at 10 a.m. EST. Training camps and free agency started on December 9 with the regular season beginning on Christmas Day with five games, two more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15727505", "score": "0.91136336", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2018 NBA Playoffs", "text": "Eastern Conference Finals, while the Western Conference Finals will be televised by TNT. ABC will have exclusive television rights to the NBA Finals for the 16th consecutive year. 2018 NBA Playoffs The 2018 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2017–18 season. The playoffs began on April 14, 2018 and ended on June 8 at the conclusion of the 2018 NBA Finals. Within each conference, the eight teams with the most wins qualify for the playoffs. The seedings are based on each team's record. Each conference's bracket is fixed; there is no reseeding. All rounds are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20108736", "score": "0.9094843", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2015–16 NBA season", "text": "winning percentages below .200. 2015–16 NBA season The 2015–16 NBA season was the 70th season of the National Basketball Association. The regular season began on Tuesday, October 27, 2015 at the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls, with their game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2016 NBA All-Star Game was played at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on February 14, 2016. The regular season ended on April 13, 2016. The playoffs started on April 16, 2016 and ended with the 2016 NBA Finals on June 19, 2016, with the Cleveland Cavaliers becoming NBA Champions for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18374931", "score": "0.9086157", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2016–17 NBA season", "text": "2017, ESPN aired the Western Conference Finals and TNT aired the Eastern Conference Finals. The season ended with the 2017 NBA Finals which began on June 1, 2017 and ended on June 12, 2017 on ABC. Awards were presented at the NBA Awards ceremony, which were held on June 26. Finalists for voted awards were announced during the playoffs and winners were presented at the award ceremony. The All-NBA Team was announced in advance in order for teams to have all the necessary information to make offseason preparations. The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19118003", "score": "0.9084868", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2010–11 NBA season", "text": "2010–11 NBA season The 2010–11 NBA season was the 65th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 2011 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 20, 2011, at Staples Center in Los Angeles. The season concluded with the Dallas Mavericks defeating the Miami Heat in six games, 4 games to 2, to win their first NBA title, and Dirk Nowitzki was named Finals MVP. Chicago's Derrick Rose was named the 2010–11 NBA MVP. The 2010 off-season had one of the most talented free agent pools in recent NBA history. The list of free agents included All-Stars LeBron James, Chris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14590101", "score": "0.9073523", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2004–05 NBA season", "text": "2004–05 NBA season The 2004–05 NBA season was the 59th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). It began on November 2, 2004 and ended June 23, 2005. The season ended with the San Antonio Spurs defeating the defending-champion Detroit Pistons, 4–3, in the NBA Finals. Notes Teams in bold advanced to the next round. The numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's seeding in its conference, and the numbers to the right indicate the number of games the team won in that round. The division champions are marked by an asterisk. Home court advantage does not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6051725", "score": "0.9066014", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "National Basketball Association", "text": "inactive list) with which they will begin the regular season. Teams have the ability to assign players with less than two years of experience to the NBA G League. After training camp, a series of preseason exhibition games are held. Preseason matches are sometimes held in non-NBA cities, both in the United States and overseas. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October. During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "296015", "score": "0.9055066", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "long_answer": "The 2017–18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"back-to-back\" games teams are scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25, 2017. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. The regular season ended on April 11, 2018 and the playoffs began on April 14, 2018.", "chunked_long_answer": "17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of \"back-to-back\" games teams are scheduled to play, with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion (and Finals runner–up) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25, 2017. The 2018 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. The regular season ended on April 11, 2018 and the playoffs began on April 14, 2018.", "short_answers": [ "April 11, 2018" ] }

[ "Ford" ]

[ { "title": "Gerald Ford", "text": "Ford was involved in the Boy Scouts of America, and earned that program's highest rank, Eagle Scout. He is the only Eagle Scout to have ascended to the U.S. Presidency.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "of Eagle Scout. The rank of Eagle Scout may be earned by a Boy Scout who has been a Life Scout for at least six months, has earned a minimum of 21 merit badges, has demonstrated Scout Spirit, and has demonstrated leadership within his troop, team, crew or ship. Additionally he must plan, develop, and lead a service project—the \"Eagle Project\"—that demonstrates both leadership and a commitment to duty. After all requirements are met, he must complete an Eagle Scout board of review. He can complete the board of review up to 3 months after his 18th birthday as long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510430", "score": "1.1113794", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America) Eagle Scout is the highest achievement or rank attainable in the Boy Scouting program of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The designation \"Eagle Scout\" was founded over one hundred years ago. Only four percent of Boy Scouts are granted this rank after a lengthy review process. The requirements necessary to achieve this rank take years to fulfill. Since its founding, the Eagle Scout rank has been earned by almost 2.5 million young men. Requirements include earning at least 21 merit badges. The Eagle Scout must demonstrate Scout Spirit, an ideal attitude based upon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510425", "score": "1.1106647", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of the Philippines)", "text": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of the Philippines) Eagle Scout is the highest rank awarded to a Senior Scout in the Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP). To be awarded the rank, a Scout must lead in planning and doing two community service projects and earn a total of 23 merit badges consisting of 17 required merit badges and 2 specialist ratings (a specialist rating involves 3 related merit badges and a community service project). After achieving the rank of Eagle, a Scout may earn an Anahaw award for earning 2 additional specialist ratings. The term \"Eagle Scout\", \"Eagle\", or \"Agila\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4995173", "score": "1.1049151", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "the Scout Oath and Law, service, and leadership. This includes an extensive service project that the Scout plans, organizes, leads, and manages. Eagle Scouts are presented with a medal and a badge that visibly recognizes the accomplishments of the Scout. Additional recognition can be earned through Eagle Palms, awarded for completing additional tenure, leadership, and merit badge requirements. The Boy Scouts of America's (BSA) highest award was originally conceived as the \"Wolf Scout\", described in the June 1911 \"Official Handbook for Boys\". The August 1911 version of the handbook changed this to \"Eagle Scout\". The medal illustrated in the handbook", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510426", "score": "1.0859872", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Boy Scouts of America", "text": "called an Eagle Scout. Since its introduction in 1911, the Eagle Scout rank has been earned by more than two million young men. Requirements include earning at least 21 merit badges and demonstrating Scout Spirit through the Scout Oath and Law, service, and leadership all before or by age 18. This includes an extensive service project that the Scout plans, organizes, leads, and manages. Eagle Scouts are presented with a medal and a badge that visibly recognizes the accomplishments of the Scout. Additional recognition can be earned through Eagle Palms, awarded for completing additional tenure, leadership, and merit badge requirements.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "826698", "score": "1.0823164", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "President of Ohio State University, and Kim B. Clark, former Dean of the Harvard Business School, and former president of Brigham Young University–Idaho. Entertainers who earned the BSA's highest rank include documentary filmmaker and Academy Award-winner Michael Moore, Academy Award-winning director Steven Spielberg, Evan Roe, star of the CBS Television primetime hit drama \"Madam Secretary\" and Mike Rowe, host of the Discovery Channel's \"Dirty Jobs\". Athletes who have earned Eagle Scout include Basketball Hall of Famer (later U.S. Senator) Bill Bradley, NBA All-Star Mark Eaton, MLB All-Star Shane Victorino and pitcher Jon Moscot, and Notre Dame and San Diego Chargers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510467", "score": "1.0726597", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "and to become the leaders in life that they have demonstrated themselves to be in Scouting. They are disproportionately represented in the military, service academy graduates, in higher education and academia, major professions, the clergy, business and politics. Eagles are more likely to exercise for 30 minutes or more every day, volunteer for religious and nonreligious organizations, have closer relationships with family and friends, be in a leadership position at their place of employment or local community, donate money to charitable groups, and to work with others to improve their neighborhoods. Academic scholarships can be awarded to Eagle Scouts based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510458", "score": "1.0510045", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "linebacker Manti Te'o. Religious leaders who have earned Eagle Scout include Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Baltimore William H. Keeler, and Howard W. Hunter, 14th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Other notable recipients include Sam Berns, an American teen who had progeria and helped raise awareness about the disease, and Ross Ulbricht, the creator of the darknet Silk Road (marketplace). The National Eagle Scout Association researched the total volunteer hours of the Eagle service projects ever done and it came a total of more than 100 million hours of service. Each year, new Eagle Scouts add", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510468", "score": "1.0495255", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Boy Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "requires, in addition to merit badges and a position of responsibility, a community service project planned and led entirely by the Eagle Scout candidate. After attaining the rank of Eagle, a Scout may earn Eagle Palms for additional tenure and merit badges. Although Eagle is the highest rank, for which Scouts should strive, the number of Scouts achieving First Class within one year of joining is still one of the key measures of unit effectiveness. Studies have shown that if a Scout achieves First Class within a year of joining, he typically stays in Scouting for at least three years.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7252263", "score": "1.0462179", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "more than three million more hours. Eagle Scouts completed about 9.5 million hours in 2011. August 1, 2012, was designated by the BSA as National Eagle Scout Day in recognition of Eldred's accomplishment in 1912. Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America) Eagle Scout is the highest achievement or rank attainable in the Boy Scouting program of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The designation \"Eagle Scout\" was founded over one hundred years ago. Only four percent of Boy Scouts are granted this rank after a lengthy review process. The requirements necessary to achieve this rank take years to fulfill. Since", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510469", "score": "1.044217", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "globally.\" In 2018, Boy Scouts officially stated plans to expand entry to include all females, and change the name of the program from \"Boy Scouts of America\" to \"Scouts BSA.\" Eleven Eagle Scouts have been awarded the Medal of Honor: Eugene B. Fluckey, Aquilla J. Dyess, Robert Edward Femoyer, Walter Joseph Marm, Jr., Mitchell Paige, Thomas R. Norris, Arlo L. Olson, Ben L. Salomon, Leo K. Thorsness, Jay Zeamer Jr. and Britt K. Slabinski. At least forty astronauts earned the rank as a youth, including Neil Armstrong and Charles Duke who walked on the moon. Businessmen who have earned the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510465", "score": "1.0384736", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "gold Palm. The order of bronze, gold and silver follows heraldic traditions borrowed from the U.S. military. A new Eagle Scout can instantly receive, alongside his Eagle medal, all Eagle Palms he has earned for merit badges completed before he became an Eagle Scout. These Palms recognize additional merit badges earned before completing the Eagle board of review. Previously, an Eagle Scout needed to wait three months between each Palm — even if he earned the extra merit badges before becoming an Eagle. This meant that, under the old rules, a young man who became an Eagle Scout at 17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510439", "score": "1.0363519", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of the Philippines)", "text": "is used to refer to a person who was given the award. The award's name was derived from the Eagle Scout awarded by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). From 1923 to 1936 (when the Philippines was a protectorate of the United States), the BSA administered the Boy Scouts program in the Philippines through the Philippine Council, BSA. According to the BSP's Diamond Jubilee Yearbook from 1936 to September 1996 there are 121,369 Scouts awarded the highest rank by the Boy Scouts of the Philippines. The BSP's highest rank went through a number of name and requirement changes through the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4995174", "score": "1.0311174", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "David Lynch", "text": "his early life, Lynch has remarked: Alongside his schooling, Lynch joined the Boy Scouts, although he would later note that he only \"became [a Scout] so I could quit and put it behind me\". He rose to the highest rank of Eagle Scout. It was through being an Eagle Scout that he was present with other Boy Scouts outside of the White House at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy, which took place on Lynch's birthday in 1961. Lynch had become interested in painting and drawing from an early age, becoming intrigued by the idea of pursuing it as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "99871", "score": "1.0286591", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Boy Scouts of America", "text": "Senate. Former Governor Rick Perry of Texas is an Eagle Scout who defended BSA policies and restrictions against ACLU criticisms in his book, \"On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For\". Mark Mays, CEO of Clear Channel Communications, told a magazine interviewer in May 2008 that, \"Particularly in the very impactful ages of youth 11 to 14 years old, when they can really go astray and you're taking the time to spend with them and focus on cultural core values like reverent, trustworthy, loyal, and helpful —all of those different things ... Scouting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "826723", "score": "1.0259992", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "which serves as a fraternal and communications board for all Eagle Scouts. The NESA Outstanding Eagle Scout Award recognizes Eagle Scouts who have demonstrated outstanding achievement at the local, state, or regional level. The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award is given only to Eagle Scouts for distinguished service in their profession and the community for a period of at least 25 years after earning Eagle Scout. Eagle Scouts who enlist in the U.S. Armed Forces may receive advanced enlisted rank in recognition of their achievements. For commissioned officer programs, attainment of Eagle Scout is considered a positive factor in determining service", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510460", "score": "1.0254995", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "earn Eagle Scout and the service project requirement was slightly expanded to \"do your best to help in your home, school, church or synagogue, and community.\" In 1958, the number of required merit badges increased again to 16 of the 21 total merit badges needed to obtain Eagle, along with the first requirements for service and leadership. In 1965, the requirements for the service project and specific troop leadership were defined, and the number of required merit badges returned to 11. The Eagle Scout candidate was required to plan, develop, and carry out a leadership service project. Minor changes were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510435", "score": "1.0246681", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "in 1968. In 1982, 13-year-old Alexander Holsinger of Normal, Illinois was recognized as the one-millionth Eagle Scout, and Anthony Thomas of Lakeville, Minnesota was the two-millionth in 2009. About 2.25 million Scouts had earned Eagle Scout through January 2014. In 2012, 57,976 Eagle Scout awards were presented, about seven percent of the 2012 membership. Four Nobel Prize laureates are known to be Eagle Scouts: Dudley R. Herschbach, Peter Agre, Robert Coleman Richardson, and Frederick Reines. On October 11, 2017, the Boy Scouts announced that in 2019, a program for older girls will be available, enabling girls to earn the rank", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510429", "score": "1.0228027", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Boy Scouts of America membership controversies", "text": "by 61% to 38%. Openly gay boys are allowed to become Scouts from January 2014 but openly gay adults were still forbidden to be leaders. Pascal Tessier, a 17-year-old from Chevy Chase, Md., became the first known openly gay Boy Scout to be an Eagle Scout in 2014. Tessier became the first openly gay adult Boy Scout in the nation to be hired as a summer camp leader when he was hired by the Boy Scouts' New York chapter, Greater New York Councils. In May 2015, BSA President Robert Gates told the national meeting of the BSA in Atlanta that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012396", "score": "1.0215336", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "upon academic, financial need and Scouting participation. The application requirement for the Scout is to have a minimum score of 1290 on the SAT Reasoning Test or 28 on the ACT. Scholarships vary in the amount awarded. The Scout may be awarded: The list of Eagle Scouts is extensive. In addition, the accomplishment is considered to be notable as Adult Scouters who earned Eagle Scout as a youth are entitled to wear a square knot emblem with a red, white, and blue striped square knot above the left shirt pocket. Eagle Scouts may join the National Eagle Scout Association (NESA),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510459", "score": "1.01774", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America", "text": "badges required for Star was increased to six in 1990. Life is the second-highest rank attainable, above Star and below Eagle. Life is awarded when the Scout serves actively in the troop, team or crew, serves in a position of responsibility for six months, and performs six hours of community service. A Scout must also earn five merit badges (at least three of which must be required for the rank of Eagle) for a total of 11, including the six previously earned. Finally, the Scout must pass a Scoutmaster conference, and board of review. Life was originally lower than Star,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10006079", "score": "1.0158631", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "made to the required merit badge list in 1970. In 1972, the Improved Scouting Program increased to 24 the number of merit badges needed to obtain Eagle, while reducing the list of required merit badges to ten, eliminating badges that required swimming and outdoor skills—both of which were later reinstated, and adding the requirement to show leadership during the service project. In 1978, the number of merit badges needed for Eagle was lowered to the original 21, and the number of required merit badges was set at 11 (this was changed to 12 in 1993). In 2014 the number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510436", "score": "1.0146322", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America", "text": "in 1911, the Eagle Scout rank has been earned by more than two million young men. Requirements include earning a minimum total of 21 merit badges, including all required badges that were not previously earned, and demonstration of Scout Spirit, service and leadership. This includes an extensive service project that the Scout plans, organizes, leads, and manages. Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America The advancement program for Boy Scouts of the Boy Scouts of America is symbolized by the earning of seven ranks. The advancement program is often considered to be divided into two phases. The first phase from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10006081", "score": "1.0145049", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America", "text": "citizenship, personal growth and Scout Spirit. The second phase: Star, Life, and Eagle, is designed to develop leadership skills and allow the Scout to explore potential vocations and avocations through the merit badge program. The Star and Life ranks require that the boy serve in a position of responsibility and perform community service. Except for Scout rank (and Eagle Palms as of August 1, 2017), all ranks require that the candidate participate in a Scoutmaster conference and pass a Board of Review. Merit badges and rank may be earned by any registered Boy Scout or Varsity Scout until their eighteenth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10006065", "score": "1.0140047", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)", "text": "councils, districts, units, camps and so forth. It also cannot be of a commercial nature or be solely a fund-raising project. Eagle Scout requirements have evolved since the award was conceived. A requirement to earn 11 specific merit badges was added in 1914, which underwent minor changes in 1915. The Life–Star order was reversed in 1924, apparently because the five-pointed star of the Star Scout insignia could be associated with the five merit badges required to earn the rank immediately following First Class Scout. In 1927, Eagle Scout began the transition from being a super merit badge to a rank.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1510433", "score": "1.0108509", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Boy Scouts of America", "text": "to master those skills. In October 2012, the National Council announced that, as a result of the findings and recommendations of a select committee made up of volunteer Scouters, the Cub Scout and Venturing programs would transition to use of the Scout Oath and Law, and in the case of the Venturers, the Boy Scout three-finger salute and sign as well. The Venturing change was expected to occur in late 2013 or early 2014; and the Cub Scout change in mid-2015. Eagle Scout is the highest rank one can receive in Scouts BSA. A Scout who attains this rank is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "826697", "score": "1.0101317", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Eagle Scout Service Project", "text": "building bat houses for a local park, refurbishing a room at a church or school, resetting stones at a cemetery, planting grass for erosion control, organizing a dinner, interviewing American veterans for the Library of Congress, distributing emergency medical information kits, and collecting necessities for the homeless. The merit badges required for Eagles have been a requirement since the inception of the award. A Scout's \"record of satisfactory service\" with his troop was first added to the Eagle requirements in 1927. This changed in 1952 to \"do your best to help in your home, school, church or synagogue, and community.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10633403", "score": "1.0079552", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Mount Diablo Silverado Council", "text": "and plead their case. Upon end of discussion, a vote would be taken. To be eligible for candidacy, Scouts must have spent two weeks at Camp Wolfeboro, one of which must have been in a previous year. They must have held (or be holding) a position in their troop that is on the approved list for Eagle within the Boy Scout Handbook 11th edition, p. 446. They must also be First Class rank or above and have Scoutmaster approval before eligibility can take effect. Some troops, due to unusual size or other quality, amend these eligibility rules. For example, some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12295210", "score": "1.0058296", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Boy Scouts of America membership controversies", "text": "organizations sent an open letter to then President-Elect Obama urging him not to serve as the Boy Scouts' honorary president because of the Scouts' positions on religion. Ignoring this, Obama accepted the position of Honorary President and has received the BSA's annual report from groups of Scouts every February from 2009 through 2013. On July 29, 2010, President Obama chose not to attend the Scouts' centennial Jamboree, sending a videotaped greeting instead and doing an interview on the daytime talk show \"The View\". This decision was met with criticism, and raised speculation that the President's absence was a subtle protest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012439", "score": "1.0037", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Gerald Ford", "long_answer": "Ford was involved in the Boy Scouts of America, and earned that program's highest rank, Eagle Scout. He is the only Eagle Scout to have ascended to the U.S. Presidency.", "chunked_long_answer": "Ford was involved in the Boy Scouts of America, and earned that program's highest rank, Eagle Scout. He is the only Eagle Scout to have ascended to the U.S. Presidency.", "short_answers": [ "Ford" ] }

[ "By mid-1988" ]

[ { "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state", "text": "voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey", "text": "illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area. Historically, a few municipalities had ordinances against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13361606", "score": "1.148173", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "text": "alcoholic beverages. However, these changes were soon followed by studies showing an increase in motor vehicle fatalities attributable to the decreased MLDA. In response to these findings, many states raised the minimum legal drinking age to 19 (and sometimes to 20 or 21). In 1984, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Act, written by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and influenced by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), required all states to enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21 or else risk losing 10% of all federal highway construction funds. As the MLDA was still left to the discretion of the state,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4093805", "score": "1.1411644", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "text": "as his motivations. In 1998, the National Youth Rights Association was founded, in part, to seek to lower the drinking age back to 18. In 2004, the president of Vermont's Middlebury College, John McCardell, Jr. wrote in \"The New York Times\" that \"the 21-year-old drinking age is bad social policy and terrible law\" that has made the college drinking problem far worse. Groups that oppose the 21 minimum include Choose Responsibility, the Amethyst Initiative, and Students for Sensible Drug Policy. Mothers Against Drunk Driving supports the 21 law and has been the main opponent to lowering it back to 18.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4093809", "score": "1.1321986", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin", "text": "raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986. The NMDA law was amended to permit an exception for those persons who were between ages 18 and 21 on the effective date of the law. Wisconsin 19- and 20-year-olds were “grandfathered in” by this exception after enactment of Act 337. In effect, the state did not have a uniform age of 21 until September 1, 1988. Alcohol laws of Wisconsin The alcohol laws of Wisconsin consist of both statewide statutes and local ordinances governing the sale", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14041655", "score": "1.1265332", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Legal drinking age controversy in the United States", "text": "ruled the Act was constitutional and the States still had the right to set their own drinking ages. However, the Federal Government can give the state a 10% penalty on highway funds if the state chooses to have their drinking age lower than 21. Not even a year later, all 50 states of the United States officially made 21 the minimum legal drinking age. MLDA-21 is not the only variable; the shift in demographics, increased enforcement, increased seat belt use, safer cars, increased parental monitoring and \"designated driver\" emphasis could also be a reason why after the age was raised,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15583721", "score": "1.1250114", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ann Bressington", "text": "the bill. However, Bressington claimed the response from parents has been \"overwhelmingly positive and supportive\". The bill was not passed. On 30 August 2006, Bressington discussed the possibility of introducing a bill to raise the legal drinking age in South Australia from 18 to 21. That bill has not been introduced. After Xenophon resigned from state parliament to pursue election federal parliament, Bressington lashed out at him during the joint sitting to appoint his replacement, questioning his integrity and suitability for federal parliament. Bressington claimed Xenophon demanded she contribute $50,000 towards his campaign expenses (for which Bressington had to take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7501545", "score": "1.1130197", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Richard Lugar", "text": "states to raise the minimum drinking age to 21 during a news conference on June 13, 1984. Lugar was in attendance to the new conference and stated that Dole and himself had convinced President Reagan to change his mind through \"the work of groups like MADD and the concern of hundreds of high school organizations called SADD (Students Against Driving Drunk)\" and Lugar noted his commitment to working on bipartisan support for the legislation. In June 1984, Lugar voted in favor of legislation restricting federal highway funds for states that did not raise the minimum age for drinking to 21.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1678593", "score": "1.109728", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey", "text": "underage person could possibly be prosecuted for contributing to the delinquency of a minor Furthermore, arrests and criminal prosecutions for underage drinking in bars or public areas were very uncommon before the 1980s. New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18-year-old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13361605", "score": "1.1096176", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Alcohol in New Zealand", "text": "to 21 - however minors could still buy alcohol to take home until 1914 when the age for both on- and off-licence purchase was set at 21. In 1969 the purchase age was lowered from 21 to 20. (although 18-year-olds were allowed to drink in bars from 1990 on certain conditions.) But in 1999 the legal purchasing age was lowered from 20 to 18 and despite several calls and legislation to raise the drinking age again, Lawmakers have overwhelmingly favoured the status quo and the age remains 18. It has never been illegal for a minor to drink alcohol in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13793272", "score": "1.1090373", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Alcohol law", "text": "in 1984, which tied federal highway funds to states' maintaining a minimum drinking age of 21. Despite a rekindled national debate in 2008 on the established drinking age (initiated by several university presidents), a Fairleigh Dickinson University PublicMind poll found in September 2008 that 76% of New Jerseyans supported leaving the legal drinking age at 21 years. No significant differences emerged when considering gender, political affiliation, or region. However, parents of younger children were more likely to support keeping the age at 21 (83%) than parents of college-age students (67%). Seventeen states (Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13924647", "score": "1.1079994", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "text": "the act did not violate the 21st amendment which reserved the right to regulate alcohol for all responsibilities not specifically appointed to the federal government to the states. However, as the act controlled the distribution of anywhere from $8 million to $99 million, depending on the size of the state, the act gave a strong incentive for states to change the drinking age to 21. By 1995, all 50 states, two permanently inhabited territories, and D.C. were in compliance, but Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (and Guam until 2010) remained at 18 despite them losing 10% of federal highway", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4093806", "score": "1.1050785", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "text": "(MLDA) of 21. Between 1970 and 1975, 29 states lowered the MLDA from 21 to 18, 19, or 20. This was primarily due to the passing of the 26th Amendment, which lowered the required voting age from 21 to 18. During the 1960s, both Congress and the state legislatures came under increasing pressure to lower the minimum voting age from 21 to 18. This was in large part due to the Vietnam War, in which many young men who were ineligible to vote (or legally drink) were conscripted to fight in the war, thus lacking any means to influence the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4093803", "score": "1.1034496", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Richard Grucza", "text": "showing that youth who were legally restricted from drinking until age 21 had lower risk for alcoholism and other problems later in adulthood compared to those who were legally permitted to purchase alcohol at earlier ages. He has also conducted research on long-term effects of tobacco control policies targeting youth purchases. These studies were noted in the Institute of Medicine’s 2015 report on the potential public health benefits of raising the tobacco purchase age to 21. Several of his studies have examined the \"closing gender gap\" for alcohol problems in the U.S., documenting that rates of alcoholism and binge drinking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19340407", "score": "1.0966593", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "185th New York State Legislature", "text": "the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1984; and recessed indefinitely shortly before 2 a.m. on July 1. An hour after midnight, on May 30, the State Assembly rejected after a stormy debate of many hours the proposal to raise the legal drinking age from 19 to 21 years; the vote stood 80 to 69. The Legislature met for another special session on December 6, 1984. At this session, the legislators raised the wages of the legislators who were elected to the next Legislature; approved a sales tax increase for Erie County; and extended a corporate tax surcharge used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18634596", "score": "1.0950342", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mothers Against Drunk Driving", "text": "federal penalty (a 5%—later raised to 10%—loss of federal highway dollars), for states that didn't raise the minimum legal age for the purchase and possession of alcohol to 21. After the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in the 1987 case of \"South Dakota v. Dole\", every state and the District of Columbia made the necessary adjustments by 1988 (but not the territories of Puerto Rico and Guam). However, in July 2010 Guam raised its drinking age to 21. In 1985, Lightner objected to the shifting focus of MADD, and left her position with the organization. In 1988, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3088141", "score": "1.0915605", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Legal drinking age controversy in the United States", "text": "44% of college students were binge drinkers and that binge drinking peaked at age 21. Approximately three quarters of college students aged 18–20 years old drank alcohol in 2009. Within the U.S., youth are being targeted by social media in order to drive sales higher by highlighting alcohol consumption in a positive way. The legal drinking age was set to 21 years of age because studies showed that the leading cause of death of people age 1 to 34 accounted for one third of deaths due to unintentional injury from alcohol consumption. The liver is the organ that is most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15583725", "score": "1.0906947", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state", "text": "from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. Many states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973. Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them. From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12432243", "score": "1.0879096", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "text": "evidence that traffic deaths were merely shifted from the 18-20 age group to the 21-24 age group rather than averted. Additionally, Canada, Australia, the UK, and several other nations saw similar or faster declines in traffic fatalities than the USA did since the early 1980s despite not raising their drinking ages to 21. Thus, the magnitude of any public health and safety benefits of the 21 drinking age, at least relative to a legal drinking age of 18, remains unclear. National Minimum Drinking Age Act The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 () was passed by the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4093817", "score": "1.0840636", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Moscow, Idaho", "text": "Jackson and Main (College St. to Lewis St.) were razed in the late 1990s to complete this new corridor. Another significant change to local commerce was the increase of the state's legal drinking age to 21 in April 1987, after nearly fifteen years at age 19. Many establishments that relied on revenues from 19- and 20-year-olds from the two university communities had to adjust or cease operations. Prior to the lowering to 19 in July 1972, the drinking age in Idaho was 20 for beer and 21 for liquor and wine. A fixture of the Moscow skyline for nearly a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "644073", "score": "1.0836931", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey", "text": "their own children in a private location (such as a private home). New Jersey and all other U.S. states comport with the requirement of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which sought to set a national standard of 21 as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages. To make states comply, Congress tied a state's failure to enact a drinking age at 21 to a punitive decrease in a state's apportionment of federal highway funding. Federal law requires colleges and universities that accept federal financial aid institute policies to sanction students who violate underage drinking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13361597", "score": "1.0833591", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Alcohol law", "text": "Canada enacted prohibition of alcohol sales, consumption and distribution between the years of 1910 and 1920. After prohibition was ended, most provinces had a minimum drinking age of 21 years, while in the early 70s the age limit was lowered to either 18 or 19 years of age. Later a few provinces and territories raised their age limit from 18 to 19 in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The legal age for buying and possessing (but not necessarily for drinking) has been 21 years in every state since shortly after the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13924646", "score": "1.082325", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Legal drinking age", "text": "of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3809826", "score": "1.0820861", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Epidemiology of binge drinking", "text": "has led to a review of liquor advertising being announced by the New Zealand government in January 2006. The review considered regulation of sport sponsorship by liquor companies, which at present is commonplace. Previously the drinking age in New Zealand was 20, then dropped to 18 in 1999. In direct conjunction with the age-lowering, the Police were found to strictly enforce the on-license (bar, restaurant) code for underage-drinking, less so for the off-licences (liquor stores, supermarkets). As a result, young people ages 15–17 found it significantly \"harder\" to get into (or be served at) bars and restaurants than it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15446495", "score": "1.0796655", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Division of the assembly", "text": "a three-way conscience vote on New Zealand's legal drinking age. All members were directed to the Noes lobby, where the Clerk of the House recorded each member's vote (either for keeping the age at 18, raising the age to 20, or raising the off-licence age to 20 while keeping the on-licence age at 18) as they passed back into the main debating chamber. The votes were tallied and handed back to the Speaker, who declared the results as 50 votes for 18 years, 38 votes for 20 years, and 33 votes for an 18/20 split. As no option acquired the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2326681", "score": "1.0768628", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "New Zealand Young Nationals", "text": "alcohol of 18 years. They argue that the two biggest problems with the current law are the lack of emphasis on individual responsibility, and the ineffective attempts to enforce moderate drinking, and that raising the age, both at off-licences and at bars, will not solve the problem that New Zealand society faces around the issue of binge drinking. At the National Party Conference 2010 the Young Nationals passed a remit, led by 2010 National Policy Chair Edward Greig, for the continuation of a drinking age of 18. The Young Nationals do not support increasing the driving age and believe that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5549236", "score": "1.0751181", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Three O'Clock Lobby", "text": "getting compromised away, and the group's public appearances and testimony on the issue (and some controversial newsletter articles) seemed to be insufficient. Further, a proposal to raise the state's drinking age from 18 to 21 had succeeded in getting onto state ballots, and the group, which had decided to work on the issue, had to be careful not to use state funds to do so. Members leafleted on college campuses, appeared on TV and radio shows, and spoke at churches and community centers, explaining how statistics on the issue had been distorted by the other side. But leaflets, travel, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9075009", "score": "1.0738479", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of Kansas", "text": "reduced by 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum drinking age of 21, the Kansas Legislature raised the drinking age from 18 to 21, effective January 1, 1985. Previously, the drinking age for CMB was 18. Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing or possessing any type of alcohol, from consuming alcohol for anything other than religious or prescribed medicinal purposes, or from having a blood alcohol level of more than .02%. There is exception for parents wishing to provide their own child CMB under K.S.A. 41-727(e). Alcohol laws of Kansas The alcohol", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10938720", "score": "1.0723845", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Amethyst Initiative", "text": "Amethyst Initiative The Amethyst Initiative is an organization made up of U.S. college presidents and chancellors that in July 2008 launched a movement calling for the reconsideration of U.S. legal drinking age, particularly the minimum age of 21. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 requires all US states to raise their minimum age for purchase and public possession of alcohol to 21 or face a reduction in highway funds under the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The Amethyst Initiative was initiated by John McCardell, founder of Choose Responsibility, a former professor of history at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12356154", "score": "1.0711693", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Alcohol laws of Maryland", "text": "is applied at the consumer level, appearing as a line-item on the customer's receipt. Prior to 1973, the minimum age to buy or possess alcoholic beverages was 21 years old. In 1973, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old in Montgomery County and Prince George's County. In 1974, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old for the entire state. In 1982, the minimum age was increased to 21 years old but with a grandfather clause which allowed those who had already turned 18 (born June 30, 1964 or earlier) to consume beer and wine. Alcohol laws", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12620831", "score": "1.0710313", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state", "long_answer": "From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age, while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.", "chunked_long_answer": "voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21", "short_answers": [ "By mid-1988" ] }

[ "21 February", "21–23 February", "23 February" ]

[ { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The short program was held on February 23, 2010 and the free skating was held on February 25, 2010. Yuna Kim from South Korea won the gold medal setting three world best scores. Mao Asada from Japan became the first lady to accomplish one triple axel during the short program and two during the free program at the Olympics. The ladies' short program was held on February 23, 2010.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14060350", "score": "1.0544667", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification", "text": "skaters who have achieved a minimum technical elements score (TES) at an ISU-recognized international competition on or before 29 January 2018. The number of entries for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. A total of 148 quota spots are available to athletes to compete at the games. There will be 30 skaters in the disciplines of men's and ladies singles, 20 pair skating teams, and 24 ice dancing teams. Additionally, ten nations qualified for the team event. Countries were able to qualify entries to the 2018 Winter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20035345", "score": "1.0417249", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event", "text": "was held on 11 February 2018. The women's short program was held on 11 February 2018. The pairs free program was held on 11 February 2018. The men's free program was held on 12 February 2018. The women's free program was held on 12 February 2018. The ice dancing free program was held on 12 February 2018. After all events. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event The team event was a figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics that was held from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20525225", "score": "1.0412761", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating", "text": "the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 20.00 and the free skate 36.00. The short program was held on 14 February. The free skating was held on 15 February. The skaters are ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20522304", "score": "1.0290608", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "text": "was held on 16 February 2018. The free skating was held on 17 February 2018. The skaters were ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518270", "score": "1.0164483", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Kim Yuna (South Korea) finished first with a new world best score. Mao Asada (Japan) finished second. Joannie Rochette (Canada) skated in the competition despite the tragedy of her mother's death two days earlier and finished third. The ladies free skate was held on February 25, 2010. Kim Yuna (South Korea) finished first, setting new world best scores for the free skate and combined total. Referee: Technical Controller: Technical Specialist: Assistant Technical Specialist: Judges (SP): Judges (FS): Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14060351", "score": "1.0120933", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance", "text": "to have met the minimum total elements score, which did not include component scores. For the short program this was 19.00 and for the free skate it was 29.00. The short ice dance was held on 19 February. The free ice dance was held on 20 February. The skaters were ranked according to their total combined (overall) score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance The ice dance competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 19 and 20 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short ice dance was held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20525832", "score": "1.0120263", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "text": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518266", "score": "1.0074161", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program took place on 19 February 2014, and the free skating took place on 20 February. Adelina Sotnikova of Russia won the gold medal. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following ISU season best scores (2013–2014) were set during this competition: The short program (SP) took place on 19 February 2014. The Free skating took place on 20", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17452173", "score": "1.007029", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "1956 Games. Ingrid Wendl from Austria won the bronze medal, the only Olympic medal of her career. Source: Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The women's figure skating competition at the 1956 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. The competition was held on 30–31 January and 2 February 1956. Twenty-one women from eleven countries participated in the competition. The event was dominated by the American skaters and who won gold and silver. Tenley Albright, who overcame a significant injury two weeks before the start of the competition, was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14347860", "score": "1.00603", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles Ladies' single skating was contested during the figure skating events at the 2006 Winter Olympics. This individual event was structured in a similar manner to the pairs event, with a short program and a free skating. 30 skaters entered the short program, but only the top 24 competitors continued to the free skating. Unlike the men's event, the free skating is only 4 minutes long. The short program was held on February 21 and the free skating on February 23. The leading contender heading into the Olympics was 2005 World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13199162", "score": "1.0040476", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The women's figure skating competition at the 1956 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. The competition was held on 30–31 January and 2 February 1956. Twenty-one women from eleven countries participated in the competition. The event was dominated by the American skaters and who won gold and silver. Tenley Albright, who overcame a significant injury two weeks before the start of the competition, was the Olympic champion. The event was held outdoors at the Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, the host city for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14347856", "score": "1.0035655", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "text": "inline speed skating and ice speed skating in order to compete at the Olympic games.<br> Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Oval in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 24 February 2018. A total quota of 180 athletes were allowed to compete at the Games (maximum 100 men and 80 women). Countries were assigned quotas based on the results of the entire 2017–18 ISU Speed Skating World Cup in the autumn of 2017. Each nation was permitted to enter a maximum of three athletes per gender for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16747048", "score": "0.99952435", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 22 February 2018. Eight countries qualified for the tournament; five of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the two others took part in a qualification tournament. Under a special agreement with the IOC and the IIHF, twelve North Korean players joined the host team to form a united team. They were allowed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18970717", "score": "0.9993167", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating", "text": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20522301", "score": "0.99680096", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Qualification", "text": "for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. There will be 30 skaters in the disciplines of men's and ladies singles, 20 pair skating teams, and 24 ice dancing teams. Countries may qualify entries to the 2010 Winter Olympics in two ways. The host country was entitled to one entry per discipline if it failed to qualify. The majority of the country qualification occurred at the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships. At the World Championships, countries qualified up to three entries in each discipline. The number of multiple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13186177", "score": "0.99537313", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "text": "approve women's hockey as an Olympic event beginning with the 1998 Winter Olympics as part of their effort to increase the number of female athletes at the Olympics. Women's ice hockey had not been in the programme when Nagano, Japan had won the right to host the Olympics in June 1991, and the decision required approval by the Nagano Winter Olympic Organizing Committee (NAOOC). The NAOOC was initially hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament and because they felt their team, which had failed to qualify for that year's World Championships, could not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5078270", "score": "0.99397266", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Qualification", "text": "Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Qualification The overall quota for the figure skating competition is 148 total skaters, consisting of 74 men and 74 ladies. There will be 30 skaters in each of the single skating disciplines (men's and ladies'), 20 pair skating teams, and 24 ice dancing team. The maximum number of entries that can be qualified by a National Olympic Committee is 3 per event, making 18 (9 men, 9 ladies) the maximum number of entries that a country can qualify. Skaters must be older than fifteen as of July 1, 2009 and must be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13186180", "score": "0.99394053", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "by points, then goals. Only the top five goaltenders, based on save percentage, who have played at least 40% of their team's minutes, are included in this list. Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 10 and 22 February 2018. Eight countries qualified for the tournament; five of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the two others took part in a qualification", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18970721", "score": "0.9926394", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres", "text": "Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres The women's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held at Adler Arena Skating Center on 19 February 2014. A total of sixteen speed skaters could qualify for this distance, with a maximum of three skaters per country. The top 10 of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 3000 and 5000 metres standings after the fourth World Cup race in Berlin secured a spot for their country. Then the additional six spots were awarded based on a time ranking of the World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14324994", "score": "0.9885463", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification", "text": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification Qualification for the women's tournament at the 2018 Winter Olympics determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2016 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships. The top five teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics, South Korea has received an automatic berth as host, and all other member nations had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining two spots. To qualify directly, a nation had to be ranked in the top five following the 2016 IIHF Women's World Championship. Using the IIHF World Ranking points system, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18668543", "score": "0.98687977", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Speed skating at the Winter Olympics", "text": "• = \"official event\", (d) = \"demonstration event\" \"Updated after the 2018 Winter Olympics.\" Speed skating at the Winter Olympics Speed skating has been featured as a sport in the Winter Olympics since the first winter games in 1924. Women's events were added to the Olympic program for the first time in 1960. The governing body for speed skating, the International Skating Union (ISU), was included in the list of recognized federations when the International Olympic Committee was founded, but was first discussed seriously for the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. No speed skating events were contested, although figure skating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6883451", "score": "0.98580813", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres", "text": "Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres The women's 1500 metres speed skating competition of the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held at Adler Arena Skating Center on 16 February 2014. A total of thirty-six speed skaters could qualify for this distance, with a maximum of four skaters per country. The top 20 of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 1500 metres standings after the fourth World Cup race in Berlin secured a spot for their country. Then the additional 16 spots were awarded based on a time ranking of all times skated in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17753386", "score": "0.9857798", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification", "text": "Group B. \"All times are local (UTC+1).\" \"All times are local (UTC+9).\" Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification Qualification for the women's tournament at the 2018 Winter Olympics determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2016 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships. The top five teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics, South Korea has received an automatic berth as host, and all other member nations had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining two spots. To qualify directly, a nation had to be ranked in the top five following the 2016", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18668546", "score": "0.9854248", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "text": "Zagitova scoring 82.92 ten minutes later. A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete in the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 20.00 and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20519405", "score": "0.9850123", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres", "text": "were started at 17:30. Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres The women's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held at Adler Arena Skating Center on 19 February 2014. A total of sixteen speed skaters could qualify for this distance, with a maximum of three skaters per country. The top 10 of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 3000 and 5000 metres standings after the fourth World Cup race in Berlin secured a spot for their country. Then the additional six spots were awarded based on a time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14324996", "score": "0.9849739", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "text": "and with the Olympic anthem played at any ceremony. Apart from the respective delegations, North Korea and South Korea formed a unified Korean women's ice hockey team.<br> To accommodate primetime broadcasts in the Americas, figure skating events were scheduled with morning start times; figure skating is one of the most popular Winter Olympic sports among U.S. viewers (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible). This scheduling practice affected the events themselves, including skaters having to adjust", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3705060", "score": "0.9846853", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification", "text": "Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification Qualification for the women's tournament at the 2006 Winter Olympics was determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2004 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships. The top four teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics, Italy received an automatic berth as host, and all other teams had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining three spots in the Olympics. Three round-robins were played from 11 to 14 November 2004. The teams ranked 5th, 6th and 7th reserved the right to host these tournaments. The three group", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15955440", "score": "0.98318595", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating", "text": "Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program was held on 11 February, and the free skating on 12 February. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. Prior to the competition, the existing ISU best scores were: The following new best score was set during this competition: The short program was held on 11 February. The Free skate was held on 12 February. Pairs were listed according to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17751539", "score": "0.9826988", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "long_answer": "The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February.", "chunked_long_answer": "The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February.", "short_answers": [ "21 February", "23 February" ] }

[ "holder on placekicks", "quarterback" ]

[ { "title": "Doug Pederson", "text": "1968) is an American football coach who is currently the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He served as the offensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs from 2013–2015. He spent most of his playing career as a member of the Green Bay Packers, serving as a backup quarterback to Brett Favre and holder on placekicks, and winning Super Bowl XXXI with the team over the New England Patriots. He was also a backup to Dan Marino as a member of the Miami Dolphins, and a starting quarterback for the Eagles and Cleveland Browns.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Greg Peterson (American football)", "text": "Greg Peterson (American football) Greg Peterson (born January 21, 1984) is a former American football defensive end. He was most recently a member of the Hartford Colonials of the United Football League. He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the fifth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina Central University. Peterson also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars. Peterson was signed and released during the 2010 off season by the Washington Redskins. Peterson played high school football at East Duplin High School in Beulaville, North Carolina. During his senior year, he was named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10146958", "score": "1.0732245", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Don Peterson (American football)", "text": "pick) of the 1952 NFL Draft. Don Peterson (American football) Donald W. \"Jiggs\" Peterson is a former American football player. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1948 to 1951 and was selected as the Most Valuable Player of the 1951 Michigan Wolverines football team A native of Racine, Wisconsin, Peterson attended St. Catherine's High School and played football for the St. Catherine's Angels championship football team in 1945. He later enrolled at the University of Michigan and played football for the Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1948 to 1951. He played in the 1951 Rose Bowl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14787582", "score": "1.069397", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cal Peterson", "text": "he played for the Los Angeles Raiders and was active in 4 games. Cal Peterson Calvin Elston Peterson (born October 6, 1952) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Kansas City Chiefs and Los Angeles Raiders. He played college football at UCLA. Peterson prepped at Los Angeles High School, before moving on to UCLA, where he played the \"loose\" defensive end position and was a three-year starter. Peterson was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (72nd overall) of the 1974 NFL Draft, with the intention", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12494877", "score": "1.0595075", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Greg Peterson (Canadian football)", "text": "Stampeder radio commentator, and president of the Greater Calgary Amateur Football Association. He is the brother of NHL player and coach Brent Peterson. Greg Peterson (Canadian football) Gregory Peterson (born February 18, 1960) is a Canadian former gridiron football player who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for nine years. Peterson played defensive back for the Calgary Stampeders from 1984 to 1992. He was part of the Stampeders 1992 Grey Cup winning team. Peterson was an All-Star in 1990. He played college football at Brigham Young University and high school football at Dr. E.P. Scarlett. Following retirement in 1993,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12298099", "score": "1.0570724", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Greg Peterson (Canadian football)", "text": "Greg Peterson (Canadian football) Gregory Peterson (born February 18, 1960) is a Canadian former gridiron football player who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for nine years. Peterson played defensive back for the Calgary Stampeders from 1984 to 1992. He was part of the Stampeders 1992 Grey Cup winning team. Peterson was an All-Star in 1990. He played college football at Brigham Young University and high school football at Dr. E.P. Scarlett. Following retirement in 1993, Peterson began a career in law, and is currently a partner at law firm Gowlings, specialising in business law. Peterson is also a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12298098", "score": "1.0554099", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Greg Peterson (American football)", "text": "all-conference, all-state, was East Duplin’s Male Athlete of the Year and the teams Most Valuable Player. Peterson played college football at North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina after spending two seasons at Hinds Community College in Raymond, Mississippi. During his senior year, he was named a Division II All-American and Sheridan Broadcasting Network Black College All-American. He finished his college career with 104 tackles, 10.5 sacks, three forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and one interception. Peterson was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the fifth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He recorded his first career sack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10146959", "score": "1.0436313", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Kenny Peterson", "text": "also a star basketball player achieving all-city selection as a senior. Peterson played college football at Ohio State. During his senior season, he was honored with second-team All-Big Ten Conference and helped his team win the BCS National Championship Game. He finished his college career with 84 tackles, 12 sacks, one interception, and three forced fumbles. Peterson was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He spent three seasons in Green Bay recording only three sacks. He was released by the Packers on September 2, 2006. On October 11, 2006 Peterson signed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9067278", "score": "1.0419072", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Don Peterson (American football)", "text": "as the fourth leading ground gamer in the Big Ten Conference. During the 1951 season, he scored two touchdowns against Iowa and rushed for a career-high 104 yards against Illinois. In his final game for Michigan, Peterson rushed for 70 yards and scored the only touchdown in a 7-0 win over Ohio State. At the end of the 1951 season, he was selected as the Most Valuable Player on the 1951 Michigan Wolverines football team. His older brother, Tom Peterson, played fullback for Michigan in 1944-1949. Don was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 17th round (196th overall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14787581", "score": "1.0386403", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Adrian Peterson (American football, born 1979)", "text": "Adrian Peterson (American football, born 1979) Adrian Nicholas Peterson (born July 1, 1979) is a former American football running back who played in the National Football League and United Football League. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the sixth round of the 2002 NFL Draft, playing eight seasons for Chicago. Then he played for the Virginia Destroyers in the UFL. He is an alumnus of Georgia Southern University, where he set numerous school, conference, and NCAA Division I-AA records, as well winning two 1-AA National Championships and receiving the Walter Payton Award for most outstanding player in 1-AA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6609838", "score": "1.0298829", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Kevin Peterson (American football)", "text": "preseason game. Kevin Peterson (American football) Kevin Lamont Peterson (born March 22, 1994) is an American football cornerback for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma State. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears. Peterson played high school football at Wagoner High School in Wagoner, Oklahoma. He recorded 1,621 rushing yards, 25 rushing touchdowns, 42 tackles and 3 interceptions his senior year in 2011, helping Wagoner win the Class 4A State title. This was the first football state championship in school history. In 2011, Peterson was named Oklahoma's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20395724", "score": "1.0283835", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Kenny Peterson", "text": "with the Denver Broncos. He was suspended for the first four games of the 2007 season for violating the NFL's steroid policy. During 2007 the Broncos released him twice but decided to re-sign him each time. On March 4, 2009, Peterson re-signed with the Broncos on a three-year contract. He was cut once again on March 10, 2010. Kenny Peterson James Kenneth Peterson (born November 21, 1978) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State. Peterson played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9067279", "score": "1.0240219", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kenny Peterson", "text": "Kenny Peterson James Kenneth Peterson (born November 21, 1978) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State. Peterson played high school football at McKinley High School in Canton, Ohio, where he was a teammate of former Broncos head coach Josh McDaniels' brother Ben McDaniels. While there he helped his team win the Ohio Division I title in 1997. During his senior year, he was honored as an All-American after posting 101 tackles and 15 sacks. Peterson was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9067277", "score": "1.0222108", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Kevin Peterson (American football)", "text": "Kevin Peterson (American football) Kevin Lamont Peterson (born March 22, 1994) is an American football cornerback for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma State. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears. Peterson played high school football at Wagoner High School in Wagoner, Oklahoma. He recorded 1,621 rushing yards, 25 rushing touchdowns, 42 tackles and 3 interceptions his senior year in 2011, helping Wagoner win the Class 4A State title. This was the first football state championship in school history. In 2011, Peterson was named Oklahoma's Defensive Player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20395719", "score": "1.014554", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Don Peterson (American football)", "text": "Don Peterson (American football) Donald W. \"Jiggs\" Peterson is a former American football player. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1948 to 1951 and was selected as the Most Valuable Player of the 1951 Michigan Wolverines football team A native of Racine, Wisconsin, Peterson attended St. Catherine's High School and played football for the St. Catherine's Angels championship football team in 1945. He later enrolled at the University of Michigan and played football for the Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1948 to 1951. He played in the 1951 Rose Bowl game and finished the 1951 season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14787580", "score": "1.0121057", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Cal Peterson", "text": "Cal Peterson Calvin Elston Peterson (born October 6, 1952) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Kansas City Chiefs and Los Angeles Raiders. He played college football at UCLA. Peterson prepped at Los Angeles High School, before moving on to UCLA, where he played the \"loose\" defensive end position and was a three-year starter. Peterson was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (72nd overall) of the 1974 NFL Draft, with the intention of converting him to an outside linebacker. As a rookie, his speed allowed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12494874", "score": "1.0073626", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Russ Peterson (coach)", "text": "to the position of freshman football coach. In August 1949, Peterson resigned from his posts at Boston in order to take an athletic director position in Arlington. In 1953, he took over as head football coach at Springfield Technical High School, where he remained until 1958, when he resigned in order to become athletic director for Springfield, Massachusetts public schools. Russ Peterson (coach) Russ Peterson was an American college basketball, football, and baseball coach. He served as a multi-sport coach at American International College and Boston University. Peterson was a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, where he attended the High School", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15660812", "score": "0.9950942", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mike Peterson", "text": "team meeting. Peterson played for the Atlanta Falcons from to . On March 13, 2012, he became an unrestricted free agent, but re-signed with the Falcons on July 23, 2012. Peterson again became an unrestricted free agent in 2013. Upon retirement from the NFL, Peterson returned to the University of Florida in 2013 to complete his undergraduate degree. He first worked as an undergraduate assistant coach on the Gators strength and conditioning staff then took over as its coordinator in 2014 after graduating. In 2016, Peterson was hired as outside linebackers coach on Will Muschamp's staff at South Carolina. Peterson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6615126", "score": "0.9925087", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Doug Dieken", "text": "Doug Dieken Douglas Heye Dieken (born February 12, 1949) is the radio color analyst for gameday broadcasts of the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). As an offensive tackle, he played 14 seasons with the Browns. In college, Doug was a tight end on an Illinois team that hardly passed at all, and so he was not taken until the sixth round of the 1971 draft. His first game in a Browns uniform was an exhibition game against the Chicago Bears that happened to be the game used as a backdrop for the movie \"Brian's Song\" which was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9494174", "score": "0.9911457", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Doug Chapman (American football)", "text": "2017. Doug Chapman (American football) Doug Chapman (born August 22, 1977) is a former running back in the National Football League who was drafted in the third round of the 2000 NFL draft by the Minnesota Vikings, where he played from 2000 to 2003. In his first career start versus the Green Bay Packers, Chapman rushed for 90 yards which was the most allowed by Green Bay on the season. An offensive penalty negated his first 100-yard rushing day. After Minnesota, he signed with the San Diego Chargers in 2004 where he suffered a career ending back injury, and officially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11587076", "score": "0.9890591", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Adrian Peterson (American football, born 1979)", "text": "2012 Peterson was inducted into the Georgia Southern hall of fame in a ceremony held during halftime at Paulson Stadium. In January 2014, College Sporting News announced that the FCS Offensive Player of the Year Award will be named after Peterson. Peterson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2017. The Chicago Bears selected Peterson in the sixth round of the 2002 NFL Draft. During his first season as a Bear, he rushed for 101 yards on nineteen attempts, and scored a single touchdown. He missed most of the next season after sustaining an ankle injury. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6609841", "score": "0.98828256", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Todd Peterson", "text": "Todd Peterson Joseph Todd Peterson (born February 4, 1970) is a retired American football placekicker. He was drafted by the New York Giants from the University of Georgia with the ninth pick of the seventh round (177th overall) in the 1993 NFL Draft. Peterson last played with the Atlanta Falcons in 2005. His contract with the Falcons expired on March 11, 2006 and he retired after that season. He and his wife, Susan, are co-owners of Cabell's Designs LLC, with Cabell Sweeney. Cabell's is a design and licensing group focusing on collegiately licensed products in the giftware industry. Peterson spent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9290110", "score": "0.98760724", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Bill Peterson", "text": "getting their first coaching jobs as a member of his staff. Together, these coaches claimed five Super Bowl wins and four major college football national championships. Since 2006, every head coach of college football's BCS national champion can be found in the Peterson coaching tree. Bill Peterson William E. Peterson (May 15, 1920 – August 5, 1993) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. His career included head coaching stops at Florida State University, Rice University and with the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL). Considered one of the unique characters in college sports, Peterson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7690240", "score": "0.985601", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bill Peterson", "text": "in high school, at the major college level and in the National Football League (NFL). As has been the case with a number of successful college coaches, Peterson did not fare well as a head coach in the NFL. Peterson coached the Houston Oilers for the entire 1972 season and for five games in the 1973 season. The team finished 1–13 in 1972 and 0–5 in his five games in 1973. His career record in the NFL was 1–18, and his .053 winning percentage is the lowest for any coach after the NFL/AFL merger who coached at least an entire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7690238", "score": "0.98416036", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Todd Peterson", "text": "career. Todd Peterson Joseph Todd Peterson (born February 4, 1970) is a retired American football placekicker. He was drafted by the New York Giants from the University of Georgia with the ninth pick of the seventh round (177th overall) in the 1993 NFL Draft. Peterson last played with the Atlanta Falcons in 2005. His contract with the Falcons expired on March 11, 2006 and he retired after that season. He and his wife, Susan, are co-owners of Cabell's Designs LLC, with Cabell Sweeney. Cabell's is a design and licensing group focusing on collegiately licensed products in the giftware industry. Peterson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9290113", "score": "0.98294437", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mike Peterson", "text": "Mike Peterson Porter Michael Peterson (born June 17, 1976) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the outside linebackers coach at the University of South Carolina. Peterson played college football at the University of Florida, where he was a member of a national championship team and earned All-American honors. He was a second-round pick in the 1999 NFL Draft and played professionally for thirteen seasons with the Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars and Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. Peterson was born in Gainesville, Florida in 1976. He attended Santa Fe High School in nearby Alachua,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6615123", "score": "0.9827212", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Kamau Peterson", "text": "trains young athletes in many sports but especially football. Based in Sherwood Park, Alberta he operates out of a new facility. Kamau Peterson Kamau Peterson (born September 16, 1978) is a former professional Canadian football wide receiver and currently the offensive coordinator for the York Lions football team. He last played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He was originally drafted sixth overall by the Calgary Stampeders in the 2001 CFL Draft and won the 89th Grey Cup with the team that year. Although he was born in Los Angeles, California, United States, Peterson grew up in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12668421", "score": "0.9826295", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Doug Brown (gridiron football)", "text": "Doug Brown (gridiron football) Douglas Gordon \"Doug\" Brown (born September 29, 1974) is a retired National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL) defensive tackle. He played college football at Simon Fraser University. Brown won the CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award in 2001. He played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 2001 until his retirement in 2011, competing in three Grey Cups: 2001, 2007, and 2011. He was a CFL All-Star eight times. Brown was drafted by the Calgary Stampeders 5th overall in the 1997 CFL draft. However, he did not play a game with them and signed with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6303428", "score": "0.9823469", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Doug Dieken", "text": "from 1996 to 1998). Doug Dieken Douglas Heye Dieken (born February 12, 1949) is the radio color analyst for gameday broadcasts of the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). As an offensive tackle, he played 14 seasons with the Browns. In college, Doug was a tight end on an Illinois team that hardly passed at all, and so he was not taken until the sixth round of the 1971 draft. His first game in a Browns uniform was an exhibition game against the Chicago Bears that happened to be the game used as a backdrop for the movie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9494177", "score": "0.98201734", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Doug Brien", "text": "Doug Brien Douglas Robert Zachariah Brien (born November 24, 1970) is a former American football placekicker. He played twelve seasons for seven teams in the National Football League: San Francisco, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Tampa Bay, Minnesota, New York Jets, and Chicago. Brien was picked in the third round of the 1994 NFL Draft (85th overall) by San Francisco out of the University of California, Berkeley. Brien attended De La Salle High School in Concord, California, where he was a placekicker for the Spartans' football team his senior year. He is a member of the De La Salle Hall of Fame", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4416240", "score": "0.9818872", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Doug Pederson", "long_answer": "Douglas Irving Pederson (born January 31, 1968) is an American football coach who is currently the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He served as the offensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs from 2013–2015. He spent most of his playing career as a member of the Green Bay Packers, serving as a backup quarterback to Brett Favre and holder on placekicks, and winning Super Bowl XXXI with the team over the New England Patriots. He was also a backup to Dan Marino as a member of the Miami Dolphins, and a starting quarterback for the Eagles and Cleveland Browns.", "chunked_long_answer": "1968) is an American football coach who is currently the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He served as the offensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs from 2013–2015. He spent most of his playing career as a member of the Green Bay Packers, serving as a backup quarterback to Brett Favre and holder on placekicks, and winning Super Bowl XXXI with the team over the New England Patriots. He was also a backup to Dan Marino as a member of the Miami Dolphins, and a starting quarterback for the Eagles and Cleveland Browns.", "short_answers": [ "holder on placekicks", "quarterback" ] }

[ "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE", "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer" ]

[ { "title": "Geoffrey Palmer (actor)", "text": "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–79), Ben Parkinson in Butterflies (1978–83) and Lionel Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1992–2005). His film appearances include A Fish Called Wanda (1988), The Madness of King George (1994), Mrs. Brown (1997), and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "the series. Other notable characters include Lionel's irrepressible father Rocky (Frank Middlemass), whose favourite saying is \"Rock On\" and who owns a large country house in Hampshire which he later gives to Lionel; the housekeeper, Mrs. Bale (Janet Henfrey), who has an unusual interest in the Shipping Forecast and gives exact times that meals are ready, and the gardener, Lol Ferris (Tim Wylton), who says Jean is a \"tender woman\". In an early series of the show, Lionel received news from Rocky's physician that his father was dying and had less than a year to live, but this plotline was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927348", "score": "1.3226881", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "the role of Jean (which was written with her in mind) due to her reluctance to uproot her life—specifically mentioning her dogs, garden, and family—in California. Second Lieutenant Lionel Hardcastle (Geoffrey Palmer) and Middlesex Hospital nurse Jean Pargetter (Judi Dench) met in the summer of 1953 and fell head over heels in love, calling her \"Pooh\", but then Lionel was posted to Korea. He wrote, but Jean didn't receive his letter. Because of this mix-up, each assumed the other had lost interest. After his war service Lionel emigrated to Kenya, became a coffee planter, and married Margaret, whom he later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927344", "score": "1.2893604", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "Ireland repeatedly. It has been broadcast by Gold for viewers in the UK and Ireland as of 2010, and by UKTV in Australia as of 2011. \"As Time Goes By\" was adapted and recorded for radio. Three series were broadcast on BBC Radio 2 between 1997 and 1999. The first episode included a flashback to Jean and Lionel 38 years before, something that never happened on television. All episodes correspond to a TV episode and featured the original cast, apart from Jon Glover substituting for Bretherton in episodes 1-5 of Series One. So far, only the first series has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927352", "score": "1.2666178", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "first meet again when Lionel picks up Judith for a dinner date. Although Lionel and Jean's reunion is full of missteps and miscues, their romance gradually rekindles. In the third series, Lionel moves into Jean's house in Holland Park, London; they marry during the fourth series. In the first series Judith develops a crush on Lionel while Lionel's publisher, Alistair Deacon (Philip Bretherton), takes a similar interest in Jean and likes to call her \"Lovely Lady\". Both crushes are brief; eventually Judith and Alistair fall for each other and, in the final series, marry. Other story arcs feature Lionel being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927346", "score": "1.2198726", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "As Time Goes By (TV series) As Time Goes By is a British romantic sitcom which aired on BBC One from 1992 to 2005, running for nine series and three specials. Starring Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer, it follows the relationship between two former lovers who meet unexpectedly after not having been in contact for 38 years. The programme's original working title had been Winter with Flowers but was changed during its first day of filming due to the cast's protestations. The new title was taken from the 1931 Herman Hupfeld song \"As Time Goes By\", which was used as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927342", "score": "1.1931117", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Jenny Funnell", "text": "Theatre in Basingstoke during September 2015. She, her husband, also an actor, and daughter live near Brighton in England. Jenny Funnell Jenny Victoria Funnell (born 20 May 1963) is a British actress best known for her role as Sandy in the British sitcom \"As Time Goes By\" (1992–2005). Funnell was born in Kenya, then still a British colony, and has a twin sister. She moved to Britain when she was four years old, and went on to attend the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art She initially started voice acting in radio drama while still a student at drama school,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5655154", "score": "1.1720316", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (M*A*S*H)", "text": "inform 20th Century Fox, and the company soon sold the property where the box was located, unaware of its existence. The time capsule was then dug up by a construction worker who took it home. The construction worker tried to return the time capsule to the cast, but Alan Alda told the worker to keep it. As Time Goes By (M*A*S*H) \"As Time Goes By\" is the 255th episode of \"M*A*S*H\", airing on February 21 (first-run) and September 12 (repeat), 1983, and the last episode filmed. As it was the final episode filmed they took a moment to pay tribute", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12322991", "score": "1.1576201", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (1988 film)", "text": "small-town cop \"Rider\", before being dragged into a world of small-town politics, time travel and a scheme involving Joe Bogart, a time-travelling alien whose spaceship's camouflage unit stopped working while he was in Los Alamos working on the Manhattan project; \" Joe Bogart's\" Nique Needles won Best Actor in A Science Fiction Film at the 1988 Fantafestival. As Time Goes By (1988 film) As Time Goes By (originally titled The Cricketer) is a 1988 Australian science fiction comedy film. The title song is heard in the Australian version of the film but not in overseas prints, because of its high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16851446", "score": "1.151951", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Everybody Comes to Rick's", "text": "to \"Casablanca\". The inclusion of \"As Time Goes By\" came from Burnett and Alison's play. The song, from 1931, had been Burnett's favourite when he was a student at Cornell. \"As Time Goes By\", written by Herman Hupfeld, was first performed by Frances Williams in the musical comedy \"Everybody's Welcome\", which had played on Broadway from October 1931 to February 1932. Character comparison in Play v. Film The film's opening credits say 'Screen Play by ... Based on a Play by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison.\" After the success of \"Casablanca\", Warner Brothers and the credited screenwriters downplayed the significance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12653291", "score": "1.1335684", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Lionel Skeggins", "text": "Lionel Skeggins Lionel Skeggins is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\" who was portrayed by John Leigh. His casting on the show began in late 1993 as a guest role and ended in early 1999 as a fan favourite regular. Lionel returned for a cameo in the show's 25th Anniversary in 2017. John Leigh auditioned for the role in 1993 but was considered risky due to his relatively \"old\" age and lack of TV experience. Leigh recalls the casting director pondering why he had no television experience at 27 years old and concluding, \"'He musn't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15209584", "score": "1.129961", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lionel Skeggins", "text": "shows 20th anniversary but ultimately decided against it. Leigh reprised his role as Lionel for a cameo in the shows 25th anniversary in 2017. Lionel arrived briefly in 1993 to attend best friend - Leonard Dodds' (Marton Csokas) wedding. He returned in 1994 when Leonard and wife - Gina (Josephine Davison) gave him the hospital cafe's management contract. Lionel fell in love with Kirsty Knight (Angela Dotchin) but lost out on her affections to Greg (Tim Balme). However, by the end of the year, Kirsty and Lionel had gotten together and were engaged. Despite Stuart's (Martin Henderson) attempts to stop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15209586", "score": "1.1271923", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Jenny Funnell", "text": "Jenny Funnell Jenny Victoria Funnell (born 20 May 1963) is a British actress best known for her role as Sandy in the British sitcom \"As Time Goes By\" (1992–2005). Funnell was born in Kenya, then still a British colony, and has a twin sister. She moved to Britain when she was four years old, and went on to attend the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art She initially started voice acting in radio drama while still a student at drama school, winning the Carleton Hobbs BBC Radio Drama Award in 1984. Her earliest television work was also in drama, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5655151", "score": "1.1226971", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Shortland Street 20th anniversary", "text": "cameo appearance for the 20th Anniversary, just for all the fans who still believe that Lionel didn't die. I almost wish we had done it.\" Several other less notable characters returned including Estevez Gillespie as Bailey Finch after an absence of 4 months, Henry Beasley as Tom Stanton after 4 months and Roy Ward as Nigel Tippett after 3 years. Kimberley Crossman also made a brief one scene reappearance as Sophie McKay as part of Callum's departing scenes. In 2011 a special episode was announced of the show to air on the 20th anniversary. In March 2012 it was announced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16522093", "score": "1.1177001", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (1988 film)", "text": "As Time Goes By (1988 film) As Time Goes By (originally titled The Cricketer) is a 1988 Australian science fiction comedy film. The title song is heard in the Australian version of the film but not in overseas prints, because of its high cost. A surfer from Penong receives a letter from his mother which she passes on before she dies which tells him to meet him 50 miles west of the small town of Dingo on a certain date in 1989, 25 years after the letter was sent. He encounters a series of unusual small town characters and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16851445", "score": "1.1147859", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (song)", "text": "As Time Goes By (song) \"As Time Goes By\" is a song written by Herman Hupfeld in 1931. It became most famous in 1942 when part of it was sung by the character Sam (Dooley Wilson) in the movie \"Casablanca\". The song was voted No. 2 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs special, commemorating the best songs in film (only surpassed by \"Over the Rainbow\" by Judy Garland). The song has since become the representative song of Warner Bros. (and used as such in the production logos at the beginning of many Warner Bros. films since 1999, as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6605056", "score": "1.1131467", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Random Harvest (film)", "text": "etc.) transforms the wildly incredible into the wholly credible.\" The film was ranked 36th by the American Film Institute in its 2002 AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions list. This film is alluded to in the third season of British sitcom \"As Time Goes By\". Lionel and Jean attend a meeting in Los Angeles about a script he has written, and co-executive creative consultants Josh and Lisa come up with a \"mangled version\" of \"Random Harvest\", about \"Lionel being shot in the head every five minutes.\" Several Indian films were influenced by this film: Bengali film \"Harano Sur\" (1957), starring Uttam Kumar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "832773", "score": "1.1115746", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Lionel Lockridge", "text": "Lionel was accidentally poisoned with soup that Cassandra originally intended for Angela Raymond. Lionel then fell in love with Gina DeMott, and married her to give her comfort. Realizing that they loved each other, Lionel and Gina stayed together until the end of the series. Lionel Lockridge Lionel Lockridge is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"Santa Barbara\". He was portrayed by actor Nicolas Coster from August 29, 1984 to 1988, and then returned from June 6, 1990 to the show's end on January 15, 1993. Actor Don Stewart filled in for Coster for one day on December", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12107457", "score": "1.0985854", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Philip Bretherton", "text": "Philip Bretherton Philip Bretherton (born 30 May 1955) is an English actor best known for his role as Alistair Deacon in the British television series \"As Time Goes By\". Bretherton was born in Preston, Lancashire, and studied English and drama at the University of Manchester, where he decided to become an actor. Bretherton appeared in \"Rumpole of the Bailey\" in \"The Barrow Boy\" as Hugo Shillingford in November 1988 and made a brief appearance as \"Rod\" in \"Coronation Street\" also in 1988. He then returned as \"Robert Weston\" in 1991, and again as \"Ian Davenport\" in 2004. Bretherton appeared in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5829498", "score": "1.0970088", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (TV series)", "text": "right to release the complete series over two sets, with the first containing Series One to Four and the following set containing Series Five to Nine. Acorn Media has released to 'The Reunion Specials' on DVD. In Australia on Region 4, the complete series has been released as individual sets and as a complete collection. North America United Kingdom Australia As Time Goes By (TV series) As Time Goes By is a British romantic sitcom which aired on BBC One from 1992 to 2005, running for nine series and three specials. Starring Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer, it follows the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "927354", "score": "1.0909166", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "As Time Goes By (song)", "text": "The omitted lines refer to Albert Einstein. As Time Goes By (song) \"As Time Goes By\" is a song written by Herman Hupfeld in 1931. It became most famous in 1942 when part of it was sung by the character Sam (Dooley Wilson) in the movie \"Casablanca\". The song was voted No. 2 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs special, commemorating the best songs in film (only surpassed by \"Over the Rainbow\" by Judy Garland). The song has since become the representative song of Warner Bros. (and used as such in the production logos at the beginning of many Warner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6605061", "score": "1.0851882", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lionel Long", "text": "range of selected teachers. Lionel also organised for up and coming Screenwriters to spend time with well known Hollywood Screenwriters to discuss intricate screenwriting techniques, editing and script writing for screen. Lionel spent part of his time in Los Angeles, teaching the Stanislavsky Method by invitation from the AFTRA in Los Angeles, for students in the USA, who further wanted to develop their understanding and application of the method. Lionel Long, at this time, was also selected to be on the voting panel for the Academy Awards. \"Long Ago: Folk Songs of the British Isles\" was Lionel Long's 1965 album,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12429220", "score": "1.0847161", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lionel Long", "text": "an unrecorded Bee Gees song. Lionel Long's best known TV role came in 1968 when he appeared on \"Homicide\" as Detective Bert Costello. His character was planned for only a few episodes, but Lionel's popularity was so great that he remained on the hit show all season and appeared in 49 episodes between 1968 and 1969. His character was eventually killed in a mine collapse. Following his success on \"Homicide\", Lionel Long appeared on other Crawford Productions and other programs. His TV credits include: His film roles include: In 1970, Lionel Long released one more album on the EMI Columbia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12429222", "score": "1.0772368", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lionel Lockridge", "text": "Lionel Lockridge Lionel Lockridge is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"Santa Barbara\". He was portrayed by actor Nicolas Coster from August 29, 1984 to 1988, and then returned from June 6, 1990 to the show's end on January 15, 1993. Actor Don Stewart filled in for Coster for one day on December 18, 1985. Arriving in town a month after the show's premiere, Lionel Lockridge brought intrigue even before arriving by sending his mother Minx a sarcophogous. In his first scene before even identifying himself, he made an obscene remark to Augusta who promptly slapped him across", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12107452", "score": "1.0691705", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Joan Sims", "text": "Rocky Hardcastle played by Frank Middlemass, and stepmother of Geoffrey Palmer's character Lionel in \"As Time Goes By\". Sims also appeared in episodes of the hit television comedy series \"Only Fools and Horses\", the 1987 Christmas Day special \"The Frog's Legacy\", and \"The Goodies\", in the \"One Foot in the Grave\" special \"One Foot in the Algarve\", and made a guest appearance in a sketch show with Victoria Wood. In her later years, Sims fought a long battle against depression. This was worsened by the deaths of her agent Peter Eade, her best friend Hattie Jacques and her mother, all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1388462", "score": "1.0660931", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Bruce Bould", "text": "Bruce Bould Bruce Bould (born in June 1949 in Bradford, West Yorkshire) is an English actor. Bould began his acting career aged 17 at the Birmingham Repertory, before joining RADA. Best known for playing David Harris-Jones in the television sitcom \"The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin\". In 1972 he met and married Theresa Watson who plays David's wife Prue in Series Three and Four. Other TV credits include \"Z-Cars\", \"The Good Life\", \"The New Avengers\", \"To the Manor Born\", \"Shelley\", \"Howards' Way\", \"Drop the Dead Donkey\" and \"As Time Goes By\". After many bit-parts on TV, he returned to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7587714", "score": "1.0645517", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "As Tears Go By (song)", "text": "blues standards. A story surrounding the song's genesis has it that Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham locked Jagger and Richards in a kitchen in order to force them to write a song together, even suggesting what type of song he wanted: \"I want a song with brick walls all around it, high windows and no sex.\" The result was initially named \"As Time Goes By\", the title of the song Dooley Wilson sings in the film \"Casablanca\". It was Oldham who replaced \"Time\" with \"Tears\". We thought, what a terrible piece of tripe. We came out and played it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6712059", "score": "1.0637711", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Lionel Jefferson", "text": "appearance as Lionel in the two-part episode \"Sayonara\" in 1985. Lionel Jefferson Lionel Jefferson is a supporting character from the hit sitcoms \"All in the Family\" and \"The Jeffersons\". He is the son of George and Louise Jefferson. He was originally portrayed by D'Urville Martin for two unaired pilots, before the role was recast with Mike Evans. He was later played by Damon Evans (no relation), though Mike Evans eventually returned to the role before the end of the series. On \"All in the Family\", Lionel was portrayed by Mike Evans from 1971 to 1975. Lionel was born in New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7194548", "score": "1.0570047", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lionel Long", "text": "owned boats and spent much time sailing and fishing with friends, many of whom were famous recording artists in their own right. Lionel Long appeared on TV again on 1 August 1964, as one of the stars of \"This Is It\", a show to inaugurate Channel 0, Melbourne's third commercial TV station. Lionel Long was also an acting teacher in the early 1980s for children and teenagers, who worked from firstly a church hall in Bankstown, New South Wales, with actress Erica Watson (who was later featured in the mini-series \"The Day of the Roses\" played by Gigi Edgley) as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12429217", "score": "1.0558404", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Denis Compton", "text": "being the better player. In Tim Rice's Oscar acceptance speech for the song \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\", he thanked Denis Compton \"a childhood hero of mine\". In \"As Time Goes By\", series 3 episode 3 \"Living Together, But Where?\". When Lionel is cleaning his flat, he wonders if should keep his copy of the book \"End of an Innings\", written by Denis Compton. Denis Compton Denis Charles Scott Compton CBE (23 May 1918 – 23 April 1997) was an English cricketer who played in 78 Test matches and spent his whole cricket career with Middlesex. He was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2843659", "score": "1.0496", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Geoffrey Palmer (actor)", "long_answer": "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–79), Ben Parkinson in Butterflies (1978–83) and Lionel Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1992–2005). His film appearances include A Fish Called Wanda (1988), The Madness of King George (1994), Mrs. Brown (1997), and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997).", "chunked_long_answer": "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–79), Ben Parkinson in Butterflies (1978–83) and Lionel Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1992–2005). His film appearances include A Fish Called Wanda (1988), The Madness of King George (1994), Mrs. Brown (1997), and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997).", "short_answers": [ "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer", "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE" ] }

[ "optic chiasm" ]

[ { "title": "Optic chiasm", "text": "The optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( /ɒptɪk kaɪæzəm/; Greek χίασμα, \"crossing\", from the Greek χιάζω 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus. The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) it is located within the brain.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Chiasmal syndrome", "text": "tract on the ipsilateral side. This arrangement allows the left half of the visual field to end up on the right side of the brain and the right half of the visual field to locate to the left side. The optic nerves consist of the axons from the retinal ganglion of each eye. At the chiasm, 53% of the axons from the nasal retina cross the midline to join the uncrossed temporal fibers. These nasal fibers carry information from the temporal visual field. Similarly, the temporal fibers transmit images from the nasal field. The two optic tracts, representing the right", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9683503", "score": "1.0328718", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic nerve", "text": "of the trigeminal ganglion as a short, flattened band, about 2.5 cm. long, which passes forward along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, below the oculomotor and trochlear nerves; just before entering the orbit, through the superior orbital fissure, it divides into three branches, lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary. It carries sensory branches from the eyes, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoidal cells, falx cerebri, dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, superior parts of the tentorium cerebelli, upper eyelid, dorsum of the nose, and anterior part of the scalp. Roughly speaking, the ophthalmic nerve supplies general somatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6495888", "score": "0.9852252", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Optic disc drusen", "text": "retinal ganglion cell axons. The optic nerve head, or optic disc is the anterior end of the nerve that is in the eye and hence is visible with an ophthalmoscope. It is located nasally and slightly inferior to the macula of the eye. There is a blind spot at the optic disc because there are no rods or cones beneath it to detect light. The central retinal artery and vein can be seen in the middle of the disc as it exits the scleral canal with the optic nerve to supply the retina. The vessels send branches out in all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9535512", "score": "0.98009026", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Optic nerve", "text": "Optic nerve The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves and is technically part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1346805", "score": "0.9592398", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Optic nerve", "text": "of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex, while other axons terminate in the pretectal nucleus and are involved in reflexive eye movements. Other axons terminate in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Its diameter increases from about 1.6 mm within the eye to 3.5 mm in the orbit to 4.5 mm within the cranial space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1346809", "score": "0.9588947", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy", "text": "collect into the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter. In some patients the optic nerve is nearly as large as the opening in the back of the eye, and the optic disc appears \"crowded\" when seen by ophthalmoscopy. A crowded disc is also referred to as a \"disc at risk\". While a risk factor, the vast majority of individuals with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5264755", "score": "0.95044696", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Chiasmal syndrome", "text": "and left visual fields, emerge posteriorly from the posterior chiasm. Most of these fibers synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus or the pretectal nucleus. The crossing of the nasal half of macular fibers of central vision occurs posteriorly in the chiasm. The inferior and superior fibers remain inferior or superior, respectively. However, the inferonasal fibers pass more anteriorly in the chiasm while the superonasal fibers pass more posteriorly. Classical teaching was that, once crossed, the inferonasal fibers briefly loop back into the contralateral optic nerve sheath, before returning to the chiasm. This bend into the contralateral optic nerve had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9683504", "score": "0.9484484", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic nerve", "text": "afferents to the upper face, skull, and eye: Compare this to the maxillary nerve, which supplies general somatic afferents to the mid-face and skull: Ophthalmic nerve The ophthalmic nerve (first division of fifth cranial nerve, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, first division of trigeminal nerve, CN V1, latin: nervus ophthalmicus) is the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. The ophthalmic nerve is a sensory nerve mostly carrying general somatic afferent fibers that transmit sensory information to the CNS from structures of the eyeball, the skin of the upper face and anterior scalp, the lining of the upper part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6495889", "score": "0.94737166", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Long ciliary nerves", "text": "Long ciliary nerves The long ciliary nerves, two or three in number, are given off from the nasociliary nerve as it crosses the optic nerve. The nasociliary nerve that the long ciliary nerves branch from is itself a branch of the ophthalmic branch (V) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). They accompany the short ciliary nerves from the ciliary ganglion, pierce the posterior part of the sclera, and running forward between it and the choroid, are distributed to the iris and cornea. The long ciliary nerves provide sensory innervation to the eyeball, including the cornea. In addition, they contain sympathetic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7449847", "score": "0.94489753", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Optic disc", "text": "normal human eye carries 1–1.2 million afferent nerve fibers from the eye towards the brain. The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea. It is a vertical oval, with average dimensions of 1.76mm horizontally by 1.92mm vertically. There is a central depression, of variable size, called the optic cup. This depression can be a variety of shapes from a shallow indentation to a bean pot—this shape can be significant for diagnosis of some retinal disease. The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3898654", "score": "0.94376206", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Optic canal", "text": "Optic canal The \"optic foramen\" is the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7447482", "score": "0.9427492", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic artery", "text": "anterior clinoid process and runs anteriorly passing through the optic canal with and inferolaterally to the optic nerve. The ophthalmic artery can also pass superiorly to the optic nerve in a minority of cases. In the posterior third of the cone of the orbit, the ophthalmic artery turns sharply medially to run along the medial wall of the orbit. The central retinal artery is the first, and one of the smaller branches of the OA and runs in the dura mater inferior to the optic nerve. About 12.5mm (0.5 inch) posterior to the globe, the central retinal artery turns superiorly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5482757", "score": "0.9413582", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Optic disc", "text": "Optic disc The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina. The optic disc in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3898653", "score": "0.92757237", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Visual system", "text": "correspond to the M (magnocellular) cells of the optic nerve of the opposite eye and are concerned with depth or motion. Layers four and six (4 & 6) of the LGN also connect to the opposite eye, but to the P cells (color and edges) of the optic nerve. By contrast, layers two, three and five (2, 3, & 5) of the LGN connect to the M cells and P (parvocellular) cells of the optic nerve for the same side of the brain as its respective LGN. Spread out, the six layers of the LGN are the area of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2057808", "score": "0.9260205", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Cornea", "text": "is densely innervated with sensory nerve fibres via the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve by way of 70–80 long ciliary nerves. Research suggests the density of pain receptors in the cornea is 300-600 times greater than skin and 20-40 times greater than dental pulp, making any injury to the structure excruciatingly painful. The ciliary nerves run under the endothelium and exit the eye through holes in the sclera apart from the optic nerve (which transmits only optic signals). The nerves enter the cornea via three levels; \"scleral, episcleral and conjunctival\". Most of the bundles give rise by subdivision to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2089901", "score": "0.9258815", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Optic nerve", "text": "central nervous system, rather than the peripheral nervous system because it is derived from an out-pouching of the diencephalon (optic stalks) during embryonic development. As a consequence, the fibers of the optic nerve are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes, rather than Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system, and are encased within the meninges. Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain–Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. However, most typically the optic nerve is grouped with the other eleven cranial nerves and considered to be part of the peripheral nervous system. The optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meningeal layers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1346806", "score": "0.92530966", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Sensory root of ciliary ganglion", "text": "Sensory root of ciliary ganglion Sensory fibers from the eyeball (the cornea, iris, and ciliary body) run posteriorly through the short ciliary nerves and pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses. They leave the ciliary ganglion in the sensory root of ciliary ganglion, which joins the nasociliary nerve—a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. From there, the signal travels back through the ophthalmic nerve to the trigeminal nerve and back into specific nuclei in the thalamus where they are relayed to areas in the cerebral cortex. The exact distribution of sensory fibers, like the distribution of sympathetic fibers, is anatomically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6611760", "score": "0.9205855", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Visual system", "text": "optic nerve go to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus. These axons originate from the M, P, and K ganglion cells in the retina, see above. This parallel processing is important for reconstructing the visual world; each type of information will go through a different route to perception. Another population sends information to the superior colliculus in the midbrain, which assists in controlling eye movements (saccades) as well as other motor responses. A final population of photosensitive ganglion cells, containing melanopsin for photosensitivity, sends information via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to the pretectum (pupillary reflex), to several structures involved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2057804", "score": "0.91845477", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic artery", "text": "and penetrates the optic nerve continuing along the center of the optic nerve entering the eye to supply the inner retinal layers. The next branch of the OA is the lacrimal artery, one of the largest, arises just as the OA enters the orbit and runs along the superior edge of the lateral rectus muscle to supply the lacrimal gland, eyelids and conjunctiva. The OA then turns medially giving off 1 to 5 posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) that subsequently branch into the long and short posterior ciliary arteries (LPCA and SPCA respectively) which perforate the sclera posteriorly in the vicinity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5482758", "score": "0.91705954", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic nerve", "text": "form the external nasal branch. The ophthalmic nerve is joined by filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and communicates with the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves; it gives off a recurrent (meningeal) filament which passes between the layers of the tentorium. The ophthalmic nerve supplies branches to the cornea, ciliary body, and iris; to the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva; to the part of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity; and to the skin of the eyelids, eyebrow, forehead and nose. It is the smallest of the three divisions of the trigeminal, and arises from the upper part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6495887", "score": "0.91662836", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Optic disc", "text": "patients without glaucoma. Optic disc The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina. The optic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3898660", "score": "0.9159747", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Trigeminal nerve", "text": "on the right side of the jaw. The ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches leave the skull through three separate foramina: the superior orbital fissure, the foramen rotundum and the foramen ovale, respectively. The ophthalmic nerve (V) carries sensory information from the scalp and forehead, the upper eyelid, the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, the nose (including the tip of the nose, except alae nasi), the nasal mucosa, the frontal sinuses and parts of the meninges (the dura and blood vessels). The maxillary nerve (V) carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, the nares and upper lip, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1821635", "score": "0.91435385", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Eyelid", "text": "and hairs, the latter becoming eyelashes as the border of the eyelid is met. The skin of the eyelid contains the greatest concentration of sebaceous glands found anywhere in the body. In humans, the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelids is from the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, supraorbital and the lacrimal nerves from the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The skin of the lower eyelid is supplied by branches of the infratrochlear at the medial angle, the rest is supplied by branches of the infraorbital nerve of the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve. In humans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3393784", "score": "0.9130558", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Optic neuritis", "text": "nerve comprises axons that emerge from the retina of the eye and carry visual information to the primary visual nuclei, most of which is relayed to the occipital cortex of the brain to be processed into vision. Inflammation of the optic nerve causes loss of vision, usually because of the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the optic nerve. The most common cause is multiple sclerosis or ischemic optic neuropathy (Blood Clot). Blood Clot that supplies the optic nerve. Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20-30% of the time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304826", "score": "0.9111112", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Optic nerve", "text": "(dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. Fiber tracts of the mammalian central nervous system (as opposed to the peripheral nervous system) are incapable of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells. Each human optic nerve contains between 770,000 and 1.7 million nerve fibers, which are axons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1346807", "score": "0.9099971", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Optic canal", "text": "orbital cavity. Compared to the optic nerve, the ophthalmic artery is located inferolaterally within the canal. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. The canals themselves are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly). Optic canal The \"optic foramen\" is the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7447483", "score": "0.9097285", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Color vision", "text": "optic chiasma: a point where the two optic nerves meet and information from the temporal (contralateral) visual field crosses to the other side of the brain. After the optic chiasma the visual tracts are referred to as the optic tracts, which enter the thalamus to synapse at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The lateral geniculate nucleus is divided into laminae (zones), of which there are three types: the M-laminae, consisting primarily of M-cells, the P-laminae, consisting primarily of P-cells, and the koniocellular laminae. M- and P-cells receive relatively balanced input from both L- and M-cones throughout most of the retina,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2050778", "score": "0.9089426", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Human brain", "text": "light into an electrical nerve signal that is sent to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. Vision from the left visual field is received on the right side of each retina (and vice versa) and passes through the optic nerve until some information changes sides, so that all information about one side of the visual field passes through tracts in the opposite side of the brain. The nerves reach the brain at the lateral geniculate nucleus, and travel through the optic radiation to reach the visual cortex. Hearing and balance are both generated in the inner ear. The movement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708450", "score": "0.90857124", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Ophthalmic nerve", "text": "branch passes through the orbit superiorly, then reenters the frontal bone briefly before exiting above the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and the supraorbital notch to provide sensory innervation for the skin of the forehead and scalp. The lacrimal nerve passes through the orbit superiorly to innervate the lacrimal gland. The nasociliary branch gives off several sensory branches to the orbit and then continues out through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, where it enters the nasal cavity and provides innervation for much of the anterior nasal mucosa. It also gives off a branch which exits through the nasal bones to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6495886", "score": "0.90654826", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Optic chiasm", "long_answer": "The optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( /ɒptɪk kaɪæzəm/; Greek χίασμα, \"crossing\", from the Greek χιάζω 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus. The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) it is located within the brain.", "chunked_long_answer": "The optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( /ɒptɪk kaɪæzəm/; Greek χίασμα, \"crossing\", from the Greek χιάζω 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus. The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) it is located within the brain.", "short_answers": [ "optic chiasm" ] }

[ "Colman", "Billy Colman" ]

[ { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "When leaving work in Idaho's Snake River Valley, Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound. He takes the stray home to feed it. Once it has rested, Billy sets it free, knowing that it will return home.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "planted by an angel, is growing between the two and Billy calls the family down to see it. Seeing the red fern satisfies Billy that what happened is for the best and he goes to Tulsa with his family. The film was produced by Lyman Dayton and filmed on location in Oklahoma. \"Where the Red Fern Grows\" received generally positive reviews. The \"Nevada Daily Mail\" called the film \"quite simply a wonderful story\". In 1992, a sequel entitled \"Where the Red Fern Grows: Part Two\" (alternately titled \"Where the Red Fern Grows 2: The Homecoming\") was released by McCullough Family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715611", "score": "1.1551799", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "maybe it's because Billy's not doing his fair share of the deal, and if he wants His help, he has to meet Him half ways. At first, he doesn't understand what that means, but after coming across an article in a sportsman magazine offering a pair of Redbone coonhounds in Kentucky for $25 each, he finally understands what his grandfather meant and decides to earn the money himself. For two years, he works many different jobs, and manages to save $50. When he reveals the money to his grandfather and tells him he understood what he meant, his grandfather is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445901", "score": "1.1422586", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "Media, Inc. and Red Fern II Ltd. In it, Billy returns home as a veteran from World War II, bitter and sad at having lost a leg. His ailing grandfather gives him two new puppies which he is reluctant to accept, but his sister Sarah convinces him to do so. Later, he befriends a neighbor boy named Wilson. The film starred Wilford Brimley, Doug McKeon, Chad McQueen and Lisa Whelchel. Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film) Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1974 film directed by Norman Tokar, based on the 1961 novel of the same name. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715612", "score": "1.1310439", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "group of classist boys start ganging up on Billy. When one of them start abusing one of his dogs by pulling on its ear, Billy warns him to stay away. However, the boy challenges him to a fight, which results in a fallout between Billy and the boys. Suddenly, the sheriff shows up and breaks up the fight, and orders the boys to leave. He tends to the beat up Billy, and compliments his dogs. He is amazed by how Billy got his dogs, and he befriends him. With $10 left over, he decides to go shopping for his family;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445904", "score": "1.1304219", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "amazed by Billy's hard work. When he asks if he ever told his father, he reveals that he never knew, believing that his father would use the money to get a new mule, which is something he is in deep need of, if he ever knew about the money. Inspired by Billy's hard work, his grandfather guarantees that Billy will get his hounds. For many days, Billy desperately awaits for the day to come that his dogs would eventually come. When his father tells Billy that his grandfather has something for him, Billy immediately runs off to his grandfather's store,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445902", "score": "1.1284962", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "dying the next day. In the 2003 film, we just see Old Dan struggle to get up and we only see a giant gash in his hip. Billy pets him and tells him it's going to be alright, but the scene transitions to the next day where it is revealed Old Dan didn't survive when it is seen that he is being buried. Before Billy gets his dogs, he learns his grandpa is selling a Bluetick coonhound. He goes to see him, however, the Pritchards buy him before he can, just to be mean to Billy. This scene never happens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445908", "score": "1.1145097", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "his father a pair of new overalls, his mother some sewing cloth to make dresses, and some candy for his two little sisters. Before he leaves, the Sheriff buys Billy a soda, something he's never had before. Finally, Billy begins his trip home. During the night, he senses something coming in the bushes. Hidden, he briefly sees the face of a mountain lion, but before it can come out and attack, Billy grabs a branch, lights it on fire, and uses it to scare it away. The next morning, Billy sees a heart carved in a tree that says \"Dan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445905", "score": "1.1123863", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "only to discover that the dogs were delivered to Tahlequah, not to his store. Billy is discouraged, but his grandfather tells him to not worry, that he can get a ride in a week from that day. He also gives Billy his change of $10, telling him that prices are going down on everything due to the depression. However, Billy is convinced that his pups won't last that long, and sneaks out the following night to walk down to Tahlequah himself to get his dogs. After many hours, he finally reaches Tahlequah by daylight, and gets his dogs. However, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445903", "score": "1.1118628", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "in the book. Rubin's death is much more violent, graphic and prolonged in the book. In the movie, we only see him trip facedown, hear him let out a terrible scream. As Rainie runs off to get his father, Billy runs over to him and flips him over, and looks in horror as he sees the axe sticking out of Rubin's body. In this film, when Billy finds the ghost coon, he admits to the Pritchard boys that they were right and he was wrong. In the novel and 1974 film version, he tells them that he has in fact,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445909", "score": "1.094964", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "dress cloth for Mama and candy for his younger sisters. Billy picks up the pups at the depot and carries them home in a gunny sack. He has to stop overnight and encounters a cougar which snarls at him until he makes a fire to scare it off. The next day Billy passes a tree with the names Dan and Ann carved inside a heart on the trunk. He names the female puppy Little Ann and the male Old Dan. Once Billy gets the puppies home he sets out to train them to be the best dogs in the Ozarks,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715604", "score": "1.0928577", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "Billy and his grandfather make a bet with Rubin and Rainie Pritchard that Old Dan and Little Ann can tree the elusive \"ghost coon\". It leads them on a long, complicated hunt, and Rubin and Rainie want to give up. When they finally have the raccoon in a tree, Billy refuses to kill it. Rubin then lets his dog, Old Blue, attack Old Dan and Little Ann, and Rubin starts to beat Billy. Little Ann helps Old Dan gain the upper hand in the battle, and together they injure Old Blue; Rubin runs to attack them with an axe, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305870", "score": "1.0888366", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "Ann out for their first hunt. He promises them that if they tree a raccoon, he will do the rest. They tree one in a large sycamore. As he tries to call them off, they look at him sadly and he cuts the tree down, though it takes two days and costs him blistered hands. In the end, when he's about to give up his effort, Billy offers a short prayer for strength to continue. A strong wind starts to blow and the tree falls. Billy and his hounds go hunting almost every night and become well-known in the Ozarks.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305869", "score": "1.0799711", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "blows the tree over. Billy's dogs become famous in that part of the country. One day, he runs into the Pritchard boys again down at Grandpa's store. They tell him about a ghost coon that runs on their land and which no dog has ever been able to tree. They then antagonize Billy until he bets them that Dan and Ann can tree the ghost coon. On the hunt, Dan and Ann tree the coon in an old mill. Billy refuses to kill it, saying it deserves to live because it fooled every dog in the country. He and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715606", "score": "1.0748492", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "hunt in the championship round, along with two other hunters, one of whom is Mr. Kyle and his pair of Treeing Walker Coonhounds. On the final night of the coonhunt, a blizzard blows up. Dan and Ann tree one coon and are on the way to another one when Grandpa trips and sprains his ankle. Nobody notices as they chase after the dogs. Dan and Ann have three raccoons up a single tree. Just then, Billy notices that Grandpa is missing. He calls the dogs off the coons, even though Papa tells him it's impossible, and sends them to find", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715608", "score": "1.0592477", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "Pritchard boys talk their father into buying it just to spite Billy. Billy's grandpa tells him that if he wants dogs he has to earn them. He begins working multiple jobs and finally earns the fifty dollars two puppies will cost. By that time, the price has dropped by ten dollars each. Billy orders the dogs, but they arrive in Tahlequah, 30 miles away, because the mail stage won't carry live animals. Billy sneaks out of the house in the night and travels to Tahlequah. He uses his leftover ten dollars to buy presents for his family; overalls for Papa,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715603", "score": "1.056207", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "is badly wounded, and he dies late that night. Billy is heartbroken, and Little Ann loses the will to live, stops eating, and dies of grief a few days later on Old Dan's grave. Billy's father tries to tell him that it is all for the best, because with the money they received from winning the championship hunt, they can move to town. He goes to visit Old Dan and Little Ann's graves and finds a giant red fern between them. According to Native American legend, only an angel can plant one. He feels ready to move on. The novel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305873", "score": "1.0500498", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "using a coonskin to teach them to scent trail. On the night of Billy's first hunt, the dogs get after a coon almost immediately but the coon foils them by crossing the river. Billy catches up with the dogs and tells them he's ashamed of them. He forces them to swim the river and pick up the track on the other bank. The dogs tree the coon up an enormous tree, and Billy starts trying to chop it down with his small hatchet even though it seems impossible. Finally he calls on God to help him and a strong wind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715605", "score": "1.0491937", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "lion, but not before it mortally injures Old Dan. Billy carries Dan home but he dies on the kitchen table. They bury him down by the river. After Dan's death, Little Ann loses the will to live and dies on his grave a couple of weeks later. Billy buries her beside him. Billy's parents decide to use the prize money from the coonhunt to move the whole family to Tulsa to operate a store. On the day they're leaving, Billy walks down by the river to Dan and Ann's graves. A red fern, which according to legend can only be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715610", "score": "1.0450113", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "of this event, he has a flashback to when he was a ten-year-old boy living in the Ozark mountains. Growing up in the Ozarks with his parents and two younger sisters, Billy wants to own a pair of hunting dogs but his parents tell him that they can't afford them. He tries going to his grandfather when he learns that he's selling a Bluetick coonhound outside his store, but his rivals, the Pritchards, beat him to it. After they leave, Billy tells his grandfather that he believes that God doesn't want him to have any dogs. His grandfather replies that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445900", "score": "1.0436281", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "Grandpa and they succeed. The next day is the awards ceremony. Mr. Kyle is given the prize, but he gives it to Billy instead, saying that he earned it but not to get too cocky because he and his Walkers were going to whip Billy and his Redbones next year. Not long after the championship hunt, Billy is out hunting with Dan and Ann when they start barking up a cliff. A mountain lion jumps off and the dogs attack him before he can get to Billy. During the fight, Billy manages to get out his hatchet and kill the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715609", "score": "1.0346749", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (1974 film)", "text": "Pritchards get into a fight. At the same time, the Pritchard dog, Old Blue, gets loose and begins fighting Dan and Ann. Ruben Pritchard pulls Billy's hatchet out of his belt and runs toward the dogs. Billy trips him, and Ruben falls on the hatchet and dies. After Ruben's funeral, Billy tells his family he's never going hunting again. A few days later, Grandpa invites the whole family over to Sunday dinner. At the dinner, he tells them about a championship coonhunt that will be held soon and convinces Billy to enter. At the coonhunt, Billy wins the right to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15715607", "score": "1.0333328", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "Loves Ann\" in it, and decides to name his dogs Old Dan and Little Ann. While the book and 1974 film version depict Billy Coleman to have long blond hair, the Billy Coleman in the 2003 film has short, dark brown hair. The novel depicted the coon hunting competition to last about six nights, whereas the two film versions place it at four nights. In the novel and 1974 film version, Billy Coleman, his dogs, and the two Pritchard boys Rainie and Rubin hunt for the legendary ghost coon at night, but in the 2003 film, they hunt for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445906", "score": "1.0273525", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "continues on. He comes to a sycamore tree with the names Dan and Ann carved inside a heart in the bark and decides to name the puppies Old Dan and Little Ann. To train Old Dan and Little Ann, Billy traps a raccoon with the help of his grandfather and uses its pelt to teach them to hunt. During their training, their personalities become apparent: Old Dan is brave and strong, while Little Ann is very intelligent. Both are very loyal to each other and to Billy. On the first night of hunting season, Billy takes Old Dan and Little", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305868", "score": "0.99610436", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "a fire, and when Billy's father chops down a tree, three raccoons jump out. Old Dan and Little Ann take two of them down, and chase the third to another tree. In the morning, the hunters find them covered with ice circling the tree. That raccoon wins them the championship, gold cup, and $300 of jackpot money. One night Old Dan and Little Ann see a mountain lion, and it attacks. Billy enters the fight with his axe, hoping to save his dogs, but they end up having to save him. Eventually, they kill the mountain lion, but Old Dan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305872", "score": "0.9929488", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "he trips, falls on it and dies. Billy's grandfather enters him into a championship coon hunt, putting him against experienced hunters and the finest dogs in the country. Before it starts, he enters Little Ann into a conformation contest, where she wins the silver cup. On the fourth night of the hunt, Old Dan and Little Ann tree three raccoons, making it to the final round. The sixth night, they tree one before a blizzard hits. Billy, his father, grandfather, and the judge lose sight of the dogs. When they finally find them, Billy's grandfather sprains his ankle. They build", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305871", "score": "0.9927316", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "was made into a 1974 film starring Stewart Petersen, James Whitmore, Beverly Garland, and Jack Ging. It was followed by a sequel in 1992, which starred Wilford Brimley, Chad McQueen, Lisa Whelchel, and Karen Carlson. The film was remade in 2003 and starred Joseph Ashton, Dabney Coleman, Ned Beatty and Dave Matthews. Although sales of the novel began slowly, by 1974 over 90,000 copies had been sold. In 2001, Publishers Weekly estimated that it had sold 6,754,308 copies. Today \"Where the Red Fern Grows\" is required reading in many American schools. One critic said it will please adults as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305874", "score": "0.9538449", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "But Billy doesn't want just any dog; he wants two coonhounds, but his parents cannot afford them. Billy finds a magazine ad for a Kentucky kennel which breeds Redbone Coonhounds and sells them for $25 each. He goes to work performing odd jobs and saves the $50 he needs with the help of his grandfather. Since it takes two years to do so, his grandfather writes to see if the kennel will honor the ad. They do and the price has dropped, so the two puppies only cost $40. Billy's dogs are delivered to the freight depot in Tahlequah. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305866", "score": "0.9494915", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "text": "family does not have transportation, so he finds his own way to get to the depot and walks through the hills. He picks up his puppies, which are a male and a female. He buys a gift for each member of his family with his extra $10 before heading back home. On the way back home, he spends the night in Robber's Cave in the Sparrow Hawk Mountains. There he builds a fire and plays with the puppies. While trying to sleep, he hears a noise that he realizes is the cry of a mountain lion. In the morning, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305867", "score": "0.91641355", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows (2003 film)", "text": "ghost coon at daylight. Also, the 2003 film placed the boys' betted money at five dollars, while the 1974 film and novel, place the money at two dollars. In the 2003 film, when Billy and his hounds encounter the mountain lion, Billy and Little Ann chase away the lion after it fatally injured Old Dan. In the novel and 1974 film version, Billy kills the mountain lion with his axe to save Old Dan. Old Dan's death is much more graphic and gory in the book, which involved his intestines being torn out, trying to fix him back up, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15445907", "score": "0.9137742", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Where the Red Fern Grows", "long_answer": "When leaving work in Idaho's Snake River Valley, Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound. He takes the stray home to feed it. Once it has rested, Billy sets it free, knowing that it will return home.", "chunked_long_answer": "When leaving work in Idaho's Snake River Valley, Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound. He takes the stray home to feed it. Once it has rested, Billy sets it free, knowing that it will return home.", "short_answers": [ "Billy Colman", "Colman" ] }

[ "Giorgio Vasari", "Federico Zuccari", "Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari" ]

[ { "title": "Florence Cathedral", "text": "of The Last Judgment. This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions: (from top to bottom) Choirs of Angels; Christ, Mary and Saints; Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes; and at the bottom of the cupola: Capital Sins and Hell. These frescoes are", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Antonio Veneziano (painter)", "text": "Antonio Veneziano (painter) Antonio Veneziano (Antonio the Venetian), was an Italian painter who was active mainly in Siena, Florence and Pisa, documented between 1369 and 1419. He was born apparently in Venice, and was a student of Taddeo Gaddi. In 1384-87, Antonio completed the three Saint Ranieri frescoes begun by Andrea da Firenze in the Campo Santo in Pisa. Already deteriorated by time, they were severely damaged during a bombing raid in World War II. In Pisa, he worked alongside Andrea Vanni on the ceilings of the cathedral in 1370. Antonio painted the ceiling of the Capellone degli Spagnuoli in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11098384", "score": "1.1523082", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Sant'Ambrogio, Florence", "text": "Granacci (1469–1543), an Italian painter of the Renaissance and lifelong friend of Michelangelo Buonarroti, is buried in this church. The church contains numerous frescos, altarpieces, and other artwork attributed to Andrea Orcagna, Agnolo Gaddi, Niccolò Gerini, Lorenzo di Bicci, Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Sandro Botticelli, Alesso Baldovinetti, Fra Bartolomeo, and Leonardo Tassini. A marble altar in the \"Chapel of the Misericordia\" was designed by Mino da Fiesole; the same chapel has a fresco (1476) depicting events surrounding the miracle of the cup of wine by Cosimo Roselli. Filippo Lippi's \"Incoronation of the Virgin\", executed for the church's main altar in 1441-1447,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9320451", "score": "1.1424605", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Giovanni Maria Butteri", "text": "Giovanni Maria Butteri Giovanni Maria Butteri (1540–1606), also known as Giovanmaria Butteri, was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, active in his native Florence. He was a pupil of Alessandro Allori and Francesco Salviati. He participated in the fresco decoration of the large cloister at Santa Maria Novella. Other works can be found at the churches of Santa Monica and San Barnaba in Florence, as well as in the Civic Museum in Prato. He also contributed a canvas for the programme of the Studiolo of Francesco I in the Palazzo Vecchio: a \"visit by Prince Francesco I de'Medici to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9330399", "score": "1.1405265", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rinaldo Botti", "text": "in decorating the Villa di Lappeggi.With Del Moro in 1705, he decorated the quadratura for the church of San Domenico in Fiesole. Rinaldo Botti Rinaldo Botti (1658 in Florence – March 31, 1740 in Florence) was an Italian painter active in the Baroque period. He was a pupil of Jacopo Chiavistelli, and specialized in quadratura. He collaborated with Andrea Landini in frescoing some salons of Villas belonging to the Corsini family. He painted the ceiling of Santa Elisabetta delle Convertite. In other projects, he collaborated with Alessandro Gherardini, Filippo Maria Galleti, Giovanni Andrea Brunori, and Giovanni Sacconi. In the palace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10523381", "score": "1.1318979", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Giovanni di Piamonte", "text": "close knowledge of Piero's work and a mastery of perspective. Frescoes by Giovanni are located on the interior walls and vault of the Rucellai Sepulchre in a chapel of the church of San Pancrazio, Florence. Giovanni di Piamonte Giovanni di Piamonte was a 15th-century Italian painter. The date and place of his birth are not known, but his name indicates that he was born in Piamonte near the present-day town of Pontassieve in Tuscany. He trained in the circle of Piero della Francesca and was one of his assistants. An early painting dated 1456 is an altarpiece entitled \"Madonna Enthroned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20786862", "score": "1.1312263", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Giovanni da San Giovanni", "text": "of the Ognissanti in Florence. He also painted five lunettes showing scenes from the \"Life of St Francis\" in the cloister of the Ognissanti. In 1619–1620 he directed the façade decoration of Palazzo dell'Antella in Piazza Santa Croce of Florence. His masterpiece is said to be frescoes in the chapel of the Palazzo Rospigliosi-Pallavicini in Pistoia. While escaping Florence during the plague, he painted some frescoes in the lunettes in the Santuario della Madonna della Fontenuova in Monsummano Terme. On the left internal wall of the chorus of the church of San Bartolomeo in Cutigliano, is a canvas of Mannozzi's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9709241", "score": "1.1302965", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Filippo Lippi", "text": "Lippi was appointed chaplain to the nuns at the Monastery of St. Mary Magdalene in Florence. In June 1456 Fra Filippo is recorded as living in Prato (near Florence) to paint frescoes in the choir of the cathedral. In 1458, while engaged in this work, he set about painting a picture for the monastery chapel of S. Margherita in that city, where he met Lucrezia Buti, a beautiful novice of the Order and the daughter of a Florentine named Francesco Buti. Lippi asked that she might be permitted to sit for the figure of the Madonna (or perhaps S. Margherita).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3527268", "score": "1.1297324", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Annibale Gatti", "text": "became professor in the Florentine Academy and appointed Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy. Among his other works are the following: Annibale Gatti Annibale Gatti (September, 1828 – 1909) was an Italian painter, known for history painting and fresco decoration in Tuscany. He was born in Forlì. He moved to Florence by 1830. In 1843, he enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. He became friends with the architect Giuseppe Poggi, and was employed in numerous restoration projects in Tuscany. He frescoed for the Palazzo Lanfranchi-Toscanelli in Pisa. In 1861, he decorated the Throne Room", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19737157", "score": "1.1278496", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Giovanni Maria Butteri", "text": "Bortolo d'Alvise's glassworks.\" Giovanni Maria Butteri Giovanni Maria Butteri (1540–1606), also known as Giovanmaria Butteri, was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, active in his native Florence. He was a pupil of Alessandro Allori and Francesco Salviati. He participated in the fresco decoration of the large cloister at Santa Maria Novella. Other works can be found at the churches of Santa Monica and San Barnaba in Florence, as well as in the Civic Museum in Prato. He also contributed a canvas for the programme of the Studiolo of Francesco I in the Palazzo Vecchio: a \"visit by Prince Francesco", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9330400", "score": "1.1217284", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Bartolomeo di Fruosino", "text": "del Sacro Cingolo of the Prato Cathedral. Between 1402 and 1438, he received many orders for the new hospital of St. Mary, and he died wealthy. He never married. He was also influenced by Lorenzo Monaco. One illumination of a missal of the church San'Egidio in 1421 was signed by him, all other work has been assigned. His works can be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Galleria dell'Accademia, and San Marco, Florence. Bartolomeo di Fruosino Bartolomeo di Fruosino (1366 or 1369 – 7 December 1441) was an Italian painter and illuminator of the Florentine School and Renaissance art.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18202009", "score": "1.1206551", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Filippino Lippi", "text": "Filippino Lippi Filippino Lippi (April 1457 – April 1504) was an Italian painter working in Florence, Italy during the later years of the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance. Filippino Lippi was born in Prato, Tuscany, the illegitimate son of the painter Fra Filippo Lippi and Lucrezia Buti. Filippino first trained under his father. They moved to Spoleto, where Filippino served as workshop adjuvant in the construction of the Cathedral. When his father died in 1469, he completed the frescoes with \"Storie della Vergine\" (\"Histories of the Virgin\") in the cathedral. Filippino Lippi completed his apprenticeship", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1692786", "score": "1.1167117", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Michelangelo Cinganelli", "text": "Ludovico Cigoli for the principal chapel in the church of Santa Felicita in Florence, and frescoed the chapel in 1620. His family included the artists: Camillo (painter and wood-gilder), Benedetto (son of Michelangelo), and Antonio (son of Camillo). Michelangelo Cinganelli Michelangelo Cinganelli, also known as Michele Cinganelli (Florence, circa 1558 - Florence, September 26, 1635) was an Italian painter. He was a pupil or strongly influenced by Bernardino Poccetti of Florence. Along with Orazio Riminaldi, he painted the four Evangelists and angels (1597) in the cupola of the Cathedral of Pisa; a \"Birth of the Virgin\" and \"Annunciation\" (1598) in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17912992", "score": "1.1125553", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Benozzo Gozzoli", "text": "Benozzo Gozzoli Benozzo Gozzoli (1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. He is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions with fine attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The chapel's fresco cycle reveals a new Renaissance interest in nature with its realistic depiction of landscapes and vivid human portraits. Gozzoli is considered one of the most prolific fresco painters of his generation. While he was mainly active in Tuscany, he also worked in Umbria and Rome. Gozzoli was born Benozzo di Lese, son of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3527164", "score": "1.1094341", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Michelangelo Cinganelli", "text": "Michelangelo Cinganelli Michelangelo Cinganelli, also known as Michele Cinganelli (Florence, circa 1558 - Florence, September 26, 1635) was an Italian painter. He was a pupil or strongly influenced by Bernardino Poccetti of Florence. Along with Orazio Riminaldi, he painted the four Evangelists and angels (1597) in the cupola of the Cathedral of Pisa; a \"Birth of the Virgin\" and \"Annunciation\" (1598) in the choir; and decoration of the organ in 1602. He also painted in the church of San Domenico, Pistoia. He is documented as working for the tapestry shop of the Medici in Florence. Cinganelli supervised the designs by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17912991", "score": "1.1068451", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Pietro Dandini", "text": "the \"Ascension of St Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi surrounded by Florentine Saints\" (1701). He also painted an altarpiece depicting the \"Beheading of John the Baptist\" for the church of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri; a \"St Francis\" in Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome; an altarpiece in the Church of Santa Caterina d'Alessandria in Pisa; an altarpiece of \"God the Father\" for the Santuario della Madonna del Giglio of Prato; an \"Adoration of the Magi\" for the Church of Santa Croce in Vinci, Italy; and painting in the former convent of San Francesco de' Macci. Other works in situ include frescoes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10251623", "score": "1.1068137", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze", "text": "of the fresco's in the Spanish chapel is the glorification of the Dominican Order. From mid 1366 to mid 1367 Andrea di Bonaiuto was one of the artists advising on the construction of the Florence Cathedral. He died in Pisa while working on a fresco on the \"Legend of St Raneiro\" at the Camposanto Monumentale. Although a follower of traditional models, Andrea di Bonaiuto brought innovation by softening details and contours with soft and blended shadows and emphasizing the two-dimensional aspect of the painted surface through painted and punched decorative effects. Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze Andrea di Bonaiuto da", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17878499", "score": "1.1067246", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cecco Bravo", "text": "the church of Santissima Annunziata in Pistoia, continuing a series begun in 1601 by Bernardino Poccetti. He painted a frieze depicting children’s Games and stories from Orlando Furioso (c. 1631) for Villa Corsini a Mezzomonte in Impruneta. He was commissioned to decorate the library in the Casa Buonarroti of Florence. After his depiction of \"Fame\" on the ceiling of the library, he became disenchanted with the patron’s excessive instructions, and the panels of illustrious Florentines on the walls were completed by others, including Domenico Puligo and Matteo Rosselli (1636). He was commissioned to complete work initiated by Giovanni da San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9559425", "score": "1.1049805", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Giovanni Battista Vanni", "text": "of St. John on Patmos and of his canvas of \"The Martyrdom of St. Placidus\". He also engraved Paolo Veronese's \"Marriage at Cana\". His works include a \"Triumph of David\", now in the palace of the Alberti in Prato, an \"Annunciation\" for the church of San Francesco di Paola in Florence and a \"Saint Sebastian Healed at the Feet of the Virgin\" for the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini in Rome. He frescoed a \"Meal in the house of the Pharisee\" for a refectory attached to the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence. He died at Florence in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10977442", "score": "1.1029544", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Andrea del Castagno", "text": "Venice where he executed frescoes in the San Tarasio Chapel of the church of San Zaccaria. Later he also worked in St Mark's Basilica, leaving a fresco of \"Death of the Virgin\" (1442–1443). Back in Florence, he designed a stained window with \"Deposition\" for the local Cathedral. On May 30, 1445 he became a member of the Guild of the Medicians. From the same year is the fresco of \"Madonna with Child and Santi\" in the Contini Bonacossi Collection (Uffizi). In 1447 he worked in the refectory of the Benedictine nuns at Sant'Apollonia in Florence, painting, in the lower part,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1708840", "score": "1.1011397", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lippo d'Andrea", "text": "that the creator of the frescoes was indeed Lippo d'Andrea. The other surviving reference to his name comes in 1435-36. That year, Lippo d'Andrea was a member of the group, which included Bicci di Lorenzo, Giovanni dal Ponte, and Rossello di Jacopo Franchi, that was given the task of painting frescoes of the apostles in the tribune chapels of Florence cathedral to celebrate the consecration of the newly built dome by Pope Eugene IV. Linda Pisani, Pittura tardogotica a Firenze negli anni trenta del Quattrocento: il caso dello Pseudo-Ambrogio di Baldese, in \"Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz\", 45, 1/2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17137158", "score": "1.1008044", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Badia Fiorentina", "text": "of the most beautiful experiences in Florence. The legend tells that Dante saw for the first time Beatrice in this church. Major works of art in the church include the \"Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard\" (c. 1486) by Filippino Lippi (originally commissioned by Piero del Pugliese for his chapel at Chiesa di Santa Maria del Santo Sepolcro or delle Campora) and the tombs of Willa's son Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany (died 1001) and the lawyer and diplomat Bernardo Giugni (1396–1456), both by Mino da Fiesole (latter completed c. 1466). The murals in the apse were completed by Giovanni", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3492070", "score": "1.0989329", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lippo d'Andrea", "text": "(2001),pp. 1–36, Lippo d'Andrea Lippo d'Andrea di Lippo (1370/1371 - before 1451) was a Florentine painter, formerly known as Pseudo-Ambrogio di Baldese. In 1411, Lippo d'Andrea di Lippo joined the Compagnia di San Luca. That same year he was commissioned, along with Niccolò di Pietro Gerini, Ambrogio di Baldese, and Alvaro di Pietro, to paint frescoes on the facade of the Palazzo del Ceppo in Prato. His name has also been connected, although without any documentary proof, to the frescoes in the Nerli Chapel at Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence; the appearance in 1402 of the name 'Lippo' has led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17137159", "score": "1.0974793", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Orazio Riminaldi", "text": "Virgin\" for the Cathedral of Pisa was completed posthumously by his brother Girolamo. Among his pupils were his brother Giovanni Battista Riminaldi, Alessandro Cominotti and Giovanni Navarretti. Orazio Riminaldi Orazio Riminaldi (5 September 1593 - 19 December 1630) was an Italian painter who painted mainly history subjects in a Caravaggist style. Riminaldi was born and died in Pisa. He was in Pisa first a pupil of the little known painter Rainero Alberghetti, and later studied with Aurelio Lomi. No works from his early period survive. He moved to Rome sometime between 1610 and 1620. Here he underwent the influence of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10171857", "score": "1.0971363", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Annibale Gatti", "text": "Annibale Gatti Annibale Gatti (September, 1828 – 1909) was an Italian painter, known for history painting and fresco decoration in Tuscany. He was born in Forlì. He moved to Florence by 1830. In 1843, he enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. He became friends with the architect Giuseppe Poggi, and was employed in numerous restoration projects in Tuscany. He frescoed for the Palazzo Lanfranchi-Toscanelli in Pisa. In 1861, he decorated the Throne Room in the Pitti Palace. He decorated the ceiling of the Teatro Verdi in Pisa, where he also painted the sipario (or theater curtain). He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19737156", "score": "1.0958", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Jacopo da Sellaio", "text": "John the Baptist. He also painted religious works for the church of San Lucia dei Magnoli and the church of San Frediano, both in Florence. Jacopo da Sellaio Jacopo da Sellaio (c. 1441–1493), sometimes known as Jacopo di Arcangel, was an eclectic Italian painter from the early Renaissance, who painted in the style of the Florentine School. He was a pupil of Fra' Filippo Lippi, with his contemporary Sandro Botticelli, who became a lasting influence on him. It is noted that by 1460, he had joined the Confraternity of Saint Luke (Italian: \"Compagnia di S Luca\") in Florence, and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10615189", "score": "1.0950563", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Benozzo Gozzoli", "text": "their regard, the Pisan authorities had given him a tomb in the Campo Santo. He likewise had a house of his own in Pisa, and houses and land in Florence. Benozzo Gozzoli Benozzo Gozzoli (1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. He is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions with fine attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The chapel's fresco cycle reveals a new Renaissance interest in nature with its realistic depiction of landscapes and vivid human portraits. Gozzoli is considered one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3527176", "score": "1.094447", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Masolino da Panicale", "text": "Masolino da Panicale Masolino da Panicale (nickname of Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini; c. 1383 – c. 1447) was an Italian painter. His best known works are probably his collaborations with Masaccio: \"Madonna with Child and St. Anne\" (1424) and the frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel (1424–1428). Masolino (\"Little Tom\") was possibly born in Panicale near Florence. He may have been an assistant to Ghiberti in Florence between 1403 and 1407. In 1423, he joined the Florentine guild \"Arte dei Medici e Speziali\" (Doctors and Apothecaries), which included painters as an independent branch. He may have been the first artist to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1726984", "score": "1.0939987", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Palazzo Vecchio", "text": "Sala Verde is painted in fresco by the mannerist Angelo Bronzino and includes some of his masterpieces including the Crossing the Red Sea. It was built by Tasso to be Eleonora's private chapel. It was named because of the ceiling decoration. At one time it was used for the Ladies-in-waiting at the court of Eleonora di Toledo. It contains \"Portraits of Medici Princes\" by Sustermans, statues by a Florentine art school and a tapestry by Fevère. On the ceiling is the \"Coronation of Esther\" decorated by Stradano, with an inscription in honor of Eleonora di Toledo. The room contains a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3930528", "score": "1.0926138", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze", "text": "Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze or Andrea da Firenze (I) (active 1343 – 1377) was an Italian painter active in Florence. He was probably born in Florence where he was active from 1343. His earliest works suggest that he must have been in close contact with the workshop of Andrea di Cione. Andrea di Bonaiuto is known for his stained glass window of the \"Coronation of Mary\" in the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, and his fresco decorations in the Spanish chapel (then called \"Cappellone degli Spagnoli\") of the chapter house there. The central theme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17878498", "score": "1.0918436", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Florence Cathedral", "long_answer": "It was suggested that the interior of the 45 metre (147 ft) wide dome should be covered with a mosaic decoration to make the most of the available light coming through the circular windows of the drum and through the lantern. Brunelleschi had proposed the vault to glimmer with resplendent gold, but his death in 1446 put an end to this project, and the walls of the dome were whitewashed. Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici decided to have the dome painted with a representation of The Last Judgment. This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions: (from top to bottom) Choirs of Angels; Christ, Mary and Saints; Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes; and at the bottom of the cupola: Capital Sins and Hell. These frescoes are considered Zuccari's greatest work. But the quality of the work is uneven because of the input of different artists and the different techniques. Vasari had used true fresco, while Zuccari had painted in secco. During the restoration work, which ended in 1995, the entire pictorial cycle of The Last Judgment was photographed with specially designed equipment and all the information collected in a catalogue. All the restoration information along with reconstructed images of the frescos were stored and managed in the Thesaurus Florentinus computer system.", "chunked_long_answer": "of The Last Judgment. This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions: (from top to bottom) Choirs of Angels; Christ, Mary and Saints; Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes; and at the bottom of the cupola: Capital Sins and Hell. These frescoes are", "short_answers": [ "Federico Zuccari", "Giorgio Vasari", "Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari" ] }

[ "Tommy Shaw" ]

[ { "title": "Too Much Time on My Hands", "text": "\"Too Much Time on My Hands\" is the second single released from Styx's 1981 triple-platinum album Paradise Theatre. It was written and sung by Tommy Shaw, who also plays the lead guitar solo during the break in the song.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Time on My Hands (song)", "text": "Kathryn Grayson. \"Who Wrote That Song?\" by Dick Jacobs and Harriet Jacobs. Published \"Writers Digest Books\" Time on My Hands (song) \"Time on My Hands\" is a popular song with music by Vincent Youmans and lyrics by Harold Adamson and Mack Gordon, published in 1930. Introduced in the musical \"Smiles\" by Marilyn Miller and Paul Gregory, it is sometimes also co-credited to Reginald Connelly. The song was used in the Marilyn Miller biopic \"Look for the Silver Lining\" (1949) when it was performed by Gordon MacRae and June Haver at the Broadway rehearsal and during the opening night show. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11590048", "score": "1.0808768", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Time on My Hands (song)", "text": "Time on My Hands (song) \"Time on My Hands\" is a popular song with music by Vincent Youmans and lyrics by Harold Adamson and Mack Gordon, published in 1930. Introduced in the musical \"Smiles\" by Marilyn Miller and Paul Gregory, it is sometimes also co-credited to Reginald Connelly. The song was used in the Marilyn Miller biopic \"Look for the Silver Lining\" (1949) when it was performed by Gordon MacRae and June Haver at the Broadway rehearsal and during the opening night show. It was also employed in the 1953 film \"So This Is Love\" when it was sung by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11590047", "score": "1.0235559", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands", "text": "Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands \"Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands\" is a song written by Don Goodman, Pam Rose and Mary Ann Kennedy and first recorded by American country music artist Lee Greenwood. It was released in February 1982 as the second single from his album \"Inside Out\". Greenwood's version peaked at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. A cover was released by Reba McEntire in November 1995 as the second single from her album \"Starting Over\". McEntire's version reached number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14605367", "score": "0.97082984", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands", "text": "a female's perspective. Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands \"Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands\" is a song written by Don Goodman, Pam Rose and Mary Ann Kennedy and first recorded by American country music artist Lee Greenwood. It was released in February 1982 as the second single from his album \"Inside Out\". Greenwood's version peaked at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. A cover was released by Reba McEntire in November 1995 as the second single from her album \"Starting Over\". McEntire's version reached number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14605370", "score": "0.954654", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Too Much to Ask", "text": "it got off to an alright start when I started writing the album. It's a very nice, beautiful song and means a lot to me. I just can't wait for people to hear it. Hopefully fingers cross that people are going to like it, obviously a lot different to 'Slow Hands',\" Horan explained in a Smallzy's Surgery interview. \"Too Much to Ask\" is performed in the key of C major. Horan's vocals span from G2 to F4. Mike Wass of Idolator was positive about the song, saying: \"Niall Horan's solo career continues to go from strength to strength with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20320874", "score": "0.9256557", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Paul Bonin", "text": "Morton on guitar. Their song \"Time on my Hands\" was featured in Leander Haussmann's film of Sven Regener's novel \"Herr Lehmann\". Bonin teamed up with Regener in 2001, singing backing vocals on the Element of Crime album \"Romantik\". Bonin has continued to write, many of his songs appearing in films and television. He signed to Universal in 2004 as a songwriter in his own right. During a period arranging and co-producing with Moses Schneider (Beatsteaks, Tocotronic), and writing with Christian Geller (Banaroo, No Angels), Vanessa Petruo and Apocalyptica, Bonin also found time to tour and write with Ben Hamilton and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13645564", "score": "0.9196173", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hands on Me (Vanessa Carlton song)", "text": "quoted as saying that the song reminded him of the 1985 film \"The Breakfast Club\". Carlton debuted the song live in June 2005 at The Living Room in New York City. One of its working titles was \"Put Your Hands on Me\", about which \"Slant Magazine\" wrote: The title was shortened to \"Hands on Me\" because Joss Stone has a song with the original title on her 2007 album, \"Introducing Joss Stone\". \"Billboard\" has also given \"Hands on Me\" a positive review, stating that the \"chorus gallops alongside plentiful piano strings, percussion and one hook after another, while the lyric", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11180081", "score": "0.91322756", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "With My Own Two Hands", "text": "With My Own Two Hands \"With My Own Two Hands\" is a single from Ben Harper's 2003 release \"Diamonds on the Inside\". The lyrics focus on how changes in the world can come about when a single person decides to take action. The song, which features an up-tempo reggae groove, was played in regular rotation on European radio stations. The song's popularity in Europe was such that Ben Harper was awarded French \"Rolling Stone\"s \"Artist of the Year\" (\"Artiste de l'année\") in 2003. An alternate version featuring Jack Johnson is also featured on the Curious George film soundtrack \"Sing-A-Longs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8673160", "score": "0.9064717", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Michael (album)", "text": "My Hand\", the first line in the first verse recites the lyrics \"This life don't last forever\", and ends with \"Much Too Soon\", the last line in the last verse recites the lyrics \"I guess I learned my lesson much too soon\". The majority of the songs on the album are songs that were written and recorded during the \"Invincible\" era and onwards. The album contains two songs that were written during the \"Thriller\" era, \"Behind the Mask\" and \"Much Too Soon\". The song \"(I Like) The Way You Love Me\" previously appeared on \"The Ultimate Collection\" (2004) with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15047035", "score": "0.8997944", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Lay Your Hands on Me (Thompson Twins song)", "text": "Lay Your Hands on Me (Thompson Twins song) \"Lay Your Hands on Me\" is the first single released from the album \"Here's to Future Days\" by the British band Thompson Twins. Written by Tom Bailey, Alannah Currie, and Joe Leeway, it was released in the UK almost a year in advance of the album. There are two main versions of the song, with various edits and remixes of the two. The first version, produced by Alex Sadkin & Tom Bailey, was released in late 1984 in Europe and Australia. The 1985 version was a reworking co-produced by Nile Rodgers, adding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16798709", "score": "0.89750373", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Put Your Hand in the Hand", "text": "Presley (who also covered MacLellan's \"Snowbird\"), Randy Stonehill, Frankie Laine, Donny Hathaway, Joan Baez, Dutch group Himalaya, the Les Humphries Singers, and a German-language version (\"Ich fand eine Hand\") [I Found a Hand] by Cindy & Bert. Bing Crosby recorded the song for his 1972 album \"Bing 'n' Basie\". Evangelist Garner Ted Armstrong covered the song in a January 1976 episode of \"Hee Haw\". Country acts Sandy Posey, Lynn Anderson, Loretta Lynn, and The Oak Ridge Boys also recorded the song. South African singer Ray Dylan recorded a cover on his album \"Goeie Ou Country - Op Aanvraag\". Put Your", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8403378", "score": "0.89646566", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Too Busy Being in Love", "text": "The music video was directed by Michael Merriman and premiered in late 1992. Too Busy Being in Love \"Too Busy Being in Love\" is a song written by Victoria Shaw and Gary Burr, and recorded by American country music singer Doug Stone. It was released in October 1992 as the second single from the album \"From the Heart\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and on The Canadian RPM Tracks chart. In this song, the narrator says he could probably give his woman everything and write a poem better than Shakespeare, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329917", "score": "0.8908187", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "U + Ur Hand", "text": "unauthorised. At the time of the video release, Illicit Streetwear and the Martin F. Emond estate were reviewing their options to take action. U + Ur Hand \"U + Ur Hand\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Pink. It was lined up as the third single from her fourth studio album \"I'm Not Dead\" (2006). It was released in August 2006, igniting controversy due to its explicit lyrical content and strong language. The song was written by Pink, Max Martin and Dr. Luke, the same trio who wrote Pink's previous hit single \"Who Knew\" and the song is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7464451", "score": "0.8903786", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hand on Your Heart", "text": "new remix featuring a thicker bass line. More recently, the song was performed on Minogue's Kiss Me Once Tour to promote her twelfth studio album \"Kiss Me Once\". It opened the \"Dollhouse Medley\" which featured 4 PWL hits: \"Hand on Your Heart\", \"Never Too Late\", \"Got to Be Certain\" and \"I Should Be So Lucky\". These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"Hand on Your Heart\". UK 12\" Remix Hand on Your Heart \"Hand on Your Heart\" is a song performed by Australian recording artist and songwriter Kylie Minogue from her second studio album \"Enjoy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5542262", "score": "0.89005864", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Touch Too Much (Arrows song)", "text": "Touch Too Much (Arrows song) \"Touch Too Much\" is a 1974 top 10 UK Singles Chart hit by the band Arrows (often alternatively known as \"The Arrows\"), sung by Arrows lead vocalist Alan Merrill, and composed by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn. Merrill told Songfacts that the song was turned down by David Cassidy, Suzi Quatro and Sweet. The recording was produced by Mickie Most and released on RAK Records, distributed by EMI. The song was later covered by the bands Roman Holliday in the 1980s, and Hello in the 1990s. The Arrows highest reaching chart hit was \"Touch Too", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8591460", "score": "0.8882938", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rest Your Love on Me", "text": "went to number one for one week and spent a total of 10 weeks within the Top 40. Rest Your Love on Me \"Rest Your Love on Me\" is a country ballad performed by the Bee Gees written and sung by Barry Gibb. It was the B-side of the US No. 1 hit \"Too Much Heaven\". \"Rest Your Love on Me\" was written by Barry Gibb in 1976 and recorded it in May 2 on the \"Children of the World\" sessions. Stephen Stills played bass on its original demo. It was not used until \"Too Much Heaven\" was released, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14155184", "score": "0.8879083", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hand in Hand (Olympic theme song)", "text": "Hand in Hand (Olympic theme song) \"Hand in Hand\" () is a song by South Korean band Koreana that was the official song of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was sung in both Korean and English. The song's running time was 4:13, and it was produced by Giovanni Giorgio Moroder. Its English lyrics were written by Tom Whitlock, and its Korean lyrics were written by Kim Moon-hwan. In 2013, Giovanni Giorgio Moroder said that the original singer of the demo recording which he presented to PolyGram was Joe Pizzulo, not Koreana. The song topped music charts in 17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11910361", "score": "0.8877222", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Put Your Hands on Me (song)", "text": "Put Your Hands on Me (song) \"Put Your Hands On Me\" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Keke Wyatt serving as the first single from her unreleased second studio album \"Emotionail Rollercoaster\" (2005) through Cash Money Records and Universal Records on May 31, 2005. The song was written by Allan Felder, Balewa Muhammad, Keke Wyatt, Steve Morales and Norman Harris and produced by Steve Morales. Her solo debut in 2001, Soul Sista, was released on November 13, 2001 by MCA Records. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for a shipments of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16736918", "score": "0.8874235", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "My Hands", "text": "My Hands \"My Hands\" is a song recorded by British singer-songwriter Leona Lewis for her second studio album \"Echo\" (2009). It was written by Arnthor Birgisson and Ina Wroldsen and produced by the former. Alongside Birgisson, Lewis was involved with the song's vocal production. Lyrically, it is about life after the end of a relationship. The strings were performed by Urban Soul Orchestra, who were led by Simon Fischer. \"My Hands\" was selected as the official theme song for the English version of the video game \"Final Fantasy XIII\". Lewis decided to accept the offer of her track being used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13995395", "score": "0.88459945", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "All Hands on Deck (Tinashe song)", "text": "which Tinashe and Azalea are \"bossy and sexed-up\". The track also discusses rebound dating, manifested in the lyrics, \"When you left, you left me with no choice / I'm looking for a boy to fill this empty void\". While Azalea's verse describes the scenario where a new lover finds interest in her style and prowess, \"Every night, a different city, different time zone / All I wanna do is get my shine in / Far as fashion and this rappin', I'm who run it now / Walk-throughs cost a hundred thou/ Yo, I'm Iggy, ow\". The lyrics were also noted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18608863", "score": "0.884506", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hands on Me (Vanessa Carlton song)", "text": "Hands on Me (Vanessa Carlton song) \"Hands on Me\" is a song on Vanessa Carlton's third studio album, \"Heroes & Thieves\" (2007), and is the album's second single. According to the website FMQB.com, it was released to mainstream contemporary hit radio in the United States on February 19, 2008 (see 2008 in music). It was mentioned as a possible choice for the second single in a June 2007 article in \"Entertainment Weekly\", which wrote that it \"sounded tailor-made for a rom-com trailer coming soon to a theater near you.\" Irv Gotti, the head of Carlton's label, The Inc. Records, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11180080", "score": "0.8830253", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hand on Your Heart", "text": "the song, writing that \"Who knew Stock Aitken Waterman tunes like [Never Too Late] and [Hand On Your Heart] had such melancholy lurking under the production chintz?\" Andy GIll wrote that \"Hand On Your Heart\", re-worked with a delicate, cyclical guitar figure augmented by a few telling piano chords, laid over a quietly shuffling snare whose gently scudding momentum allows the melody to glow at the heart of the song.\" \"Hand on Your Heart\" received favorable from most music critics. Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. Digital Spy gave it a favorable review, highlighting it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5542254", "score": "0.8779665", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Too Much Rain", "text": "Too Much Rain \"Too Much Rain\" is a song by Paul McCartney and is the seventh track on his 2005 album \"Chaos and Creation in the Backyard\". The song was recorded at George Martin's Air Studios in central London with producer Nigel Godrich. It was inspired by the theme to the 1936 film \"Modern Times\", written by Charlie Chaplin and commonly known as \"Smile\" (lyrics were added to Smile in 1954 by John Turner and Geoffrey Parsons). The lyrics of \"Too Much Rain\" concern hope in the face of adversity (\"Laugh when your eyes are burning/Smile when your heart is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5908136", "score": "0.873135", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hands All Over (Maroon 5 song)", "text": "Written in the key of C minor, the song is placed in common time, with a moderate funk tempo. \"Hands All Over\" starts with dark and shadowed electronic undertones before \"sudden\" bursts of electronic guitars start playing before transitioning into a \"rock-studded\" production. The track also contains a lot of electronic guitar solo's in the chorus and the verses, in the verses and the bridges and so forth. According to a reviewer of \"Billboard\", at some points during the duration of the song, the guitars \"just bleed\" throughout the verses. \"Put your hands all over me\", \"Levine bellows over burly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16627399", "score": "0.8708816", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Daddy's Hands", "text": "Female Country Vocal Performance, and for Grammy Award for Best Country Song. Daddy's Hands \"Daddy's Hands\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. It was released in August 1986 as the second single from the album \"Holly Dunn\". The song reached #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song is a tribute to Dunn's father. The song is composed in the key of D major with a moderate tempo in cut time. The main chord pattern is D-A-Bm-G, with a vocal range of A to B. Dunn received two Grammy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15078119", "score": "0.8707826", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Too Busy Being in Love", "text": "Too Busy Being in Love \"Too Busy Being in Love\" is a song written by Victoria Shaw and Gary Burr, and recorded by American country music singer Doug Stone. It was released in October 1992 as the second single from the album \"From the Heart\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and on The Canadian RPM Tracks chart. In this song, the narrator says he could probably give his woman everything and write a poem better than Shakespeare, but that he was \"Too Busy Being in Love\" with her to do so.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329916", "score": "0.8693298", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You", "text": "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You \"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You\" is a song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released as the third single from their self-titled debut album in the U.S. While some of the previous singles were released in Europe, this one was not, and subsequently only charted in Australia and the U.S., reaching number 46 and number 8 respectively. The single included a live version of Christopher Cross song \"Sailing\", as well as a limited edition postcard. Some versions of the single included the track's video.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10915034", "score": "0.8659779", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Slipping Through My Fingers", "text": "US compilation \"Más ABBA Oro\", and in 1999 included on the expanded re-release of \"\". Slipping Through My Fingers \"Slipping Through My Fingers\" is a song written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA from their 1981 album \"The Visitors\", with lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog. The song is about a mother's regret at how quickly her daughter is growing up, and the lack of time they have spent together, as the girl goes to school. The inspiration for the song was Ulvaeus' and Fältskog's daughter, Linda Ulvaeus, who was seven at the time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10062617", "score": "0.8645355", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Hands on Me (Vanessa Carlton song)", "text": "taps into earnest desire\". In their review, the magazine also noted that due to the lack of airplay for Carlton's recent singles, this song has to \"wrap itself around radio to keep this talented artist relevant\". Another critic, Jonathon Newan, stated \"Hands on Me is a worthy successor of Carlton's late and unfortunately unsuccessful White Houses; nonetheless, it shows earnest, honesty, and raw compassion - it's a beautiful song sung by a beautifully humble artist.\" The music video was filmed in December 2007. It premiered February 15, 2008 on Yahoo! Music. Hands on Me (Vanessa Carlton song) \"Hands on Me\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11180082", "score": "0.86349165", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Too Much Time on My Hands", "long_answer": "\"Too Much Time on My Hands\" is the second single released from Styx's 1981 triple-platinum album Paradise Theatre. It was written and sung by Tommy Shaw, who also plays the lead guitar solo during the break in the song.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Too Much Time on My Hands\" is the second single released from Styx's 1981 triple-platinum album Paradise Theatre. It was written and sung by Tommy Shaw, who also plays the lead guitar solo during the break in the song.", "short_answers": [ "Tommy Shaw" ] }

[ "Italy", "Germany", "France", "Brazil", "Mexico" ]

[ { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage. FIFA World Cup hosts Seventeen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centers of strength in football at the time. The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584356", "score": "1.0080172", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids", "text": "Bin Hammam threw his weight behind his country's campaign. Speaking in Singapore, Bin Hammam said: \"I have one vote and, frankly speaking, I will vote for Qatar but if Qatar is not in the running I will vote for another Asian country.\" Qatar has already hosted the AFC Asian Cup in 1988, FIFA U-20 World Cup 1995 and the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. South Korea bid only for the 2022 World Cup. They were bidding to become the first Asian country to host the World Cup twice; however, the fact that they were co-hosts so recently in 2002 was expected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438130", "score": "1.001966", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup. Bids: Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup could not be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC), leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584337", "score": "0.99992454", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Carlos Vera", "text": "FIFA World Cup Final. Carlos Vera Carlos Alfredo Vera Rodríguez (born 25 June 1976) is an Ecuadorian football referee. He has been an international referee since 2006. He has officiated matches in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the Copa Libertadores, the Copa Sudamericana and the South American Youth Football Championship. He was selected as a referee for the 2011 Copa América in Argentina and the 2015 Copa America in Chile. In addition, he was appointed by FIFA to take charge of matches at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He was selected as the fourth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15738727", "score": "0.9964869", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids", "text": "bid: Spain would lead a twelve-stadium project with eight of the venues, and the opening and final games would be held in Lisbon and Madrid, respectively. Spain has previously hosted the 1982 World Cup, while Portugal organised the Euro 2004. Russia announced its intent to bid in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time. Russia's President Vladimir Putin took a keen interest in the bid and ordered Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sports, to \"prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup\". According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko, who also served", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438116", "score": "0.99230874", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "jointly hosted a football event before during the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. If the FAM agrees to rejoin the project, they would be the first to submit a four-country joint bid in the FIFA World Cup history. The second bid is from Egypt. Its Sports and Youth Minister Ashraf Sobhy said that Egypt has considered a bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup. Such a bid should be prepared by the national football association rather than the country. An overview of expressed interest in bidding is shown below: World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584354", "score": "0.9917687", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2012 FIFA Club World Cup Final", "text": "tournament, having won the competition in 2000, following a 4–3 penalty shoot-out win over Vasco da Gama. The International Stadium Yokohama had hosted the FIFA Club World Cup finals five times, with the 2009 and 2010 finals being held at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Brazilian sides have been the most dominant side of any other South American teams, with the first dating back in 2000, where Corinthians won the competition for the first time, then known as FIFA Club World Championship, where they beat Vasco da Gama 4–3 in a penalty shoot-out. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16962285", "score": "0.99006474", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Benito Archundia", "text": "the most matches officiated in a single World Cup (5 in 2006). The only others who have achieved this feat are Horacio Elizondo in 2006, and Ravshan Irmatov in 2010. In addition, he has supervised the final of the FIFA Club World Cup twice, in 2005 and 2009. He originally planned to retire at the end of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but decided to continue for at least another year. He was the referee in the grand opening of the Estadio Omnilife, which featured Guadalajara vs Manchester United. In addition to working as a professional referee, Archundia is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8040859", "score": "0.98442644", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "On 10 July 2018, Egypt's Sports Minister expressed interest in bidding to host. Cameroonian presidential candidate Joshua Osih’s political program includes nominating his country along with two sub-Saharan African countries to host the 2030 World Cup, according to Cameroonian channel CRTV. On 12 September 2018, Prime Minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez discussed about the possibility for Spain to bid for the 2030 FIFA World Cup with FIFA President Gianni Infantino and Royal Spanish Football Federation President Luis Rubiales. On 2 November 2018, Prime Minister of Bulgaria Boyko Borisov stated that his Greek counterpart Alexis Tsipras proposed a joint bid by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584348", "score": "0.97749287", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup", "text": "who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "145471", "score": "0.9773948", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Cape Verde national football team", "text": "host venue for the 2010 World Cup Final. Pulled from the fourth pot during the group stage drawing of the tournament, Cape Verde actually had the highest FIFA ranking of any team in their group at the time of the drawing, ranking at 51st overall, followed by Morocco (71st), South Africa (72nd) and Angola (83rd). Cape Verde also had the 10th highest FIFA ranking in the CAF zone at the time of the drawing as well. Cape Verde drew with South Africa 0–0 in the tournament's first match, before drawing with Morocco 1–1. Platini scored Cape Verde's first ever goal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4148887", "score": "0.9772771", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "and Togo. After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes. On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584331", "score": "0.97561115", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "1954 FIFA World Cup", "text": "Spain, and were ranked best in the world. This is the only time a team has won the World Cup with amateur footballers. Six venues in six cities (1 venue in each city) hosted the tournament's 26 matches. The most used stadium was the St. Jakob stadium in Basel, which hosted 6 matches. The venues in Bern, Zurich and Lausanne each hosted 5 matches, the venue in Geneva hosted 4 matches and the venue in Lugano only hosted 1 match. For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see \"1954 FIFA World Cup squads\". ---- ----", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "707625", "score": "0.97461176", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "text": "FIFA World Cup hosts Seventeen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centers of strength in football at the time. The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing. The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7584313", "score": "0.9714465", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "1982 FIFA World Cup", "text": "Cup. This was the first World Cup in which teams from all six continental confederations participated in the finals, something that did not happen again until 2006. 17 stadiums in 14 cities hosted the tournament, a record that stood until the 2002 tournament, which was played 20 stadiums in two countries. The most used venue was FC Barcelona's Camp Nou stadium, which hosted five matches, including a semi-final; it was the largest stadium used for this tournament. With Sarrià Stadium also hosting three matches, Barcelona was the Spanish city with the most matches in Espana '82 with eight; Madrid, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375572", "score": "0.9696826", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup", "text": "consideration. Six of the ten venues were over 1200m above sea level, with the two Johannesburg venues – the FNB Stadium (also known as Soccer City) and Ellis Park Stadium – the highest at approximately 1750m. The FNB Stadium, the Cape Town Stadium and the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth were the most-used venues, each hosting eight matches. Ellis Park Stadium and the Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban hosted seven matches each, while the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria, the Free State Stadium in Bloemfontein and the Royal Bafokeng Stadium in Rustenburg hosted six matches each. The Peter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1448625", "score": "0.9687214", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid", "text": "is cited, Yekaterinburg. The other cities are: Kaliningrad in the north cluster, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar in the south cluster and Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Saransk, Samara and Volgograd in the Volga River cluster. The country does not currently have a stadium with 80,000 capacity, but the bid calls for the expansion of Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, already a UEFA Elite stadium with a capacity of slightly over 78,000, to over 89,000 seats. Russia hopes to have five stadiums fit to host World Cup matches ready by 2013 — two in Moscow and one stadium each in St. Petersburg, Kazan and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14582364", "score": "0.96747816", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup bids", "text": "Blatter appeared to discard any Colombian chances of hosting the event, saying, \"Colombia's bid is more of a public relations presentation of the country to say that we are alive not only in other headlines but also in football.\" In June 2006, South Australian premier Mike Rann put forward a proposal for Australia to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He was backed by then Prime Minister John Howard, who said that Australia has proven it can host world sporting events. Football Federation Australia President, Frank Lowy who has also expressed considerable interest in the proposal and is amid negotiations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11100011", "score": "0.9651483", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids", "text": "FIFA's headquarters in Zurich. Russia was chosen to host the 2018 World Cup, and Qatar was chosen to host the 2022 World Cup. This made Russia the first Eastern European country to host the World Cup, while Qatar would be the first Middle Eastern country to host the World Cup. Blatter noted that the committee had decided to \"go to new lands\" and reflected a desire to \"develop football\" by bringing it to more countries. In each round a majority of twelve votes was needed. If no bid received 12 votes in a round, the bid with the fewest votes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438140", "score": "0.9635707", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup", "text": "Morocco's Abdelmajid Oulmers in a friendly game in 2004, and from English club Newcastle United for an injury to England's Michael Owen in the 2006 World Cup. In 2005, the organisers released a provisional list of 13 venues to be used for the World Cup: Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg (two venues), Kimberley, Klerksdorp, Nelspruit, Orkney, Polokwane, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria, and Rustenburg. This was narrowed down to the ten venues that were officially announced by FIFA on 17 March 2006. The altitude of several venues affected the motion of the ball and player performance, although FIFA's medical chief downplayed this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1448624", "score": "0.962034", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup", "text": "tournaments, which were in 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2018. Sami Al-Jaber is not only the most successful Saudi striker at the FIFA World Cup to date, he also managed to score in World Cups 12 years apart (1994 and 2006). He shares this record with eight other players, among them Pelé, Diego Maradona and Miroslav Klose. Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Saudi Arabia's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17626464", "score": "0.96094143", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "2013 AFC Champions League Final", "text": "World Cup. It is the third largest soccer stadium in Asia after Azadi Stadium and Salt Lake Stadium. Guangzhou Evergrande's home venue, Tianhe Stadium, is a 58,500 seated stadium located in the city of Guangzhou. It hosted the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup and the football matches of the 2010 Asian Games. In the history of the competition, five finals have been held in South Korea but this was the first one in Seoul. Neither FC Seoul nor Guanghzhou Everard had won the AFC club premiership before. The predecessors of FC Seoul, the Anyang LG Cheetahs, finished as runners-up of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17591071", "score": "0.959212", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium", "text": "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium ( ) is a football stadium in Madrid, Spain. With a current seating capacity of 81,044, it has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947. The Santiago Bernabéu is one of the world's most famous football venues. It has hosted the final of the European Cup/UEFA Champions League on four occasions: in 1957, 1969, 1980 and 2010 and hosted the second leg of the 2018 Copa Libertadores Final. The final matches for the 1964 European Nations' Cup and the 1982 FIFA World Cup, were also held at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1744844", "score": "0.9581783", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "2022 FIFA World Cup controversies", "text": "the region during the tournament. At the time of being awarded the tournament, Qatar were ranked 113 in the world, and had never qualified for the World Cup before. The furthest the team had ever progressed in the AFC Asian Cup was to the quarter-finals in 2000 (repeated in 2011, as hosts). The most prestigious accolade the team had won was the Arabian Gulf Cup twice, both times hosting (won once again in 2014, in Saudi Arabia). Qatar will be the smallest country to host the World Cup (smaller than 1954 hosts Switzerland) and, as of 2010, had a permanent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18073052", "score": "0.9575498", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Rio de Janeiro", "text": "which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the XV Pan American Games. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, \"January River\"), by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "351003", "score": "0.95708287", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids", "text": "to work against them in their bid. Han Seung-joo, a former South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs, was appointed as the Chairman of the Bidding Committee in August 2009. He met with FIFA President Sepp Blatter in Zürich, Switzerland. In January 2010, President Lee Myung-bak visited the headquarters of FIFA in Zurich, Switzerland to meet Sepp Blatter in support of the South Korean bid. Although South Korea did not have an 80,000 capacity stadium, it planned to upgrade an existing venue to meet that capacity. There are three grounds which can seat over 60,000 people—Seoul Olympic Stadium, Seoul World Cup", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438131", "score": "0.9543121", "original_retrieval_index": 56 }, { "title": "FNB Stadium", "text": "Cup were housed. Designed as the main association football stadium for the World Cup, the FNB Stadium became the largest stadium in Africa with a capacity of 94,736. However, its maximum capacity during the 2010 FIFA World Cup was 84,490 due to reserved seating for the press and other VIPs. The stadium is also known by its nickname \"The Calabash\" due to its resemblance to the African pot or gourd. It was the site of Nelson Mandela's first speech in Johannesburg after his release from prison in 1990, and served as the venue for a memorial service to him on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16006210", "score": "0.9529336", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "2026 FIFA World Cup", "text": "be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from those four met the requirements. Co-hosting the FIFA World Cup—which had been banned by FIFA after the 2002 World Cup—was approved for the 2026 World Cup, though not limited to a specific number but instead evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Also by 2026, the FIFA general secretariat, after consultation with the Competitions Committee, will have the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16681959", "score": "0.95261204", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup preparations", "text": "numerous construction projects to facilitate hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup Football's governing body, FIFA, will also spend an estimated $2 billion on staging the final tournament. Although organisers originally estimated costs of US$1.1 billion, a reported US$3.6 billion has ultimately been spent on stadium works. Five of the chosen host cities have brand new venues built specifically for the World Cup, while the Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha in the capital Brasilia was demolished and rebuilt, with the remaining six being extensively renovated. The Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, which already holds the record attendance for a FIFA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18077739", "score": "0.9508879", "original_retrieval_index": 63 } ]

{ "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "long_answer": "Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea.", "chunked_long_answer": "Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea.", "short_answers": [ "Brazil", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Mexico" ] }

[ "C. capillata", "capillata", "Cyanea capillata" ]

[ { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift in to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "Lion's mane jellyfish The lion's mane jellyfish, also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea, and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift into the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146731", "score": "1.356638", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "is a balance organ at each of the eight indentations between the lobes – the rhopalium – which helps the jellyfish orient itself. From the central mouth extend broad frilly oral arms with many stinging cells. Closer to its mouth, its total number of tentacles is around 1200. The long, thin tentacles which emanate from the bell's subumbrella have been characterised as “extremely sticky”; they also have stinging cells. The tentacles of larger specimens may trail as long as or more, with the tentacles of the longest known specimen measured at in length. This unusual length – longer than a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146735", "score": "1.3462442", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "and New Zealand. The largest recorded specimen, found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870, had a bell with a diameter of and tentacles long. Lion's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42°N latitude for some time in the larger bays of the east coast of the United States. The lion's mane jellyfish uses its stinging tentacles to capture, pull in, and eat prey such as fish, sea creatures, and smaller jellyfish. The taxonomy of the \"Cyanea\" species is not fully agreed upon; some zoologists have suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146732", "score": "1.3013217", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "showy, trailing tentacles reminiscent of a lion's mane. They can vary greatly in size: although capable of attaining a bell diameter of over , those found in lower latitudes are much smaller than their far northern counterparts, with a bell about in diameter. Size seems to dictate coloration: larger specimens are a vivid crimson to dark purple while smaller specimens grade to a lighter orange or tan, occasionally colorless. The bell of the lion's mane jellyfish is scalloped into eight lobes (lappets), each lobe containing from 70 to 150 tentacles, arranged in four fairly distinct rows. Along the bell margin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146734", "score": "1.2723782", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "shore. Like other jellyfish, lion's manes are capable of both sexual reproduction in the medusa stage and asexual reproduction in the polyp stage. Lion's mane jellyfish have four different stages in their year-long lifespan: a larval stage, a polyp stage, an ephyrae stage, and the medusa stage. The female jellyfish carries its fertilized eggs in its tentacle, where the eggs grow into larva. When the larva are old enough, the female deposits them on a hard surface, where the larva soon grow into polyps. The polyps begin to reproduce asexually, creating stacks of small creatures called ephyrae. The individual ephyrae", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146738", "score": "1.2471011", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "lion's mane jellyfish. This was later corrected – in 1864, a bootlace worm (\"Lineus longissimus\") was found washed up on a Scottish shore that was long. (\"That\" claim has its critics: because bootlace worms can easily stretch to several times their natural length, it is possible the worm did not actually grow to be that length.) Lion's mane jellyfish The lion's mane jellyfish, also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146743", "score": "1.2161086", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "remains of a lion's mane jellyfish that had broken up into countless pieces in Wallis Sands State Beach, Rye, New Hampshire, in the United States. Considering the size of the species, it is possible that this mass incident was caused by a single specimen. The lion's mane jellyfish appears in the Sherlock Holmes short story \"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane\" published in \"The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes\". Holmes discovers at the end of the story that the true killer of a professor who died shortly after going swimming (shouting \"the lion's mane\" before he succumbed) was actually this jellyfish.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146741", "score": "1.21197", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "blue whale – has earned it the status of one of the longest known animals in the world. As coldwater species, these jellyfish cannot cope with warmer waters. The jellyfish are pelagic for most of their lives but tend to settle in shallow, sheltered bays towards the end of their one-year lifespan. In the open ocean, lion's mane jellyfish act as floating oases for certain species, such as shrimp, medusafish, butterfish, harvestfish, and juvenile prowfish, providing both a reliable source of food and protection from predators . Predators of the lion's mane jellyfish include seabirds, larger fish such as ocean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146736", "score": "1.1911545", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Jellyfish", "text": "always much greater than the Lion's Mane, whose bell diameter can reach . The rarely encountered deep-sea jellyfish \"Stygiomedusa gigantea\" is another candidate for \"largest jellyfish\", with its thick, massive bell up to wide, and four thick, \"strap-like\" oral arms extending up to in length, very different from the typical fine, threadlike tentacles that rim the umbrella of more-typical-looking jellyfish, including the Lion's Mane. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle which includes both sexual and asexual phases, with the medusa being the sexual stage in most instances. Sperm fertilize eggs, which develop into larval planulae, become polyps, bud into ephyrae", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "604334", "score": "1.1861131", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Rhopilema esculentum", "text": "Rhopilema esculentum Rhopilema esculentum, the flame jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish native to the warm temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean. It is a popular seafood in southeastern Asia. In the 1980s, research was undertaken in China into its aquaculture, and it is now bred in ponds in that country before being released into the sea to grow to a mature size suitable for the fishery. Like other members of the order Rhizostomae, the medusa stage of \"Rhopilema esculentum\" has no tentacles at the margin of the bell. Instead, underneath the bell it has eight highly branched oral arms,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18874146", "score": "1.1655887", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Carybdea branchi", "text": "Carybdea branchi Carybdea branchi, the South African box jellyfish, is a venomous species of cnidarian, in the small family Carybdeidae within the class Cubozoa. This small box jellyfish grows up to across and may have tentacles of up to in total length. It has a transparent box-shaped bell with a very long tentacle trailing from each corner. This jellyfish is found from the north of Namibia and around the South African coast to Port Elizabeth from the surface to a depth of at least underwater. This jellyfish is often seen in swarms. The tentacles have a painful sting, although the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17476927", "score": "1.1653359", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tentacle", "text": "The tentacles of the Lion's mane jellyfish may be up to 120 feet (37 meters) long. They are hollow and are arranged in 8 groups of between 70 and 150. The longer tentacles are equipped with cnidocytes whose venom paralyses and kills prey. The smaller tentacles guide food into the mouth. Bryozoa (moss animals) are tiny creatures with tentacles around their mouths. The tentacles are almost cylindrical and have bands of cilia which create a water current towards the mouth. The animal extracts edible material from the flow of water. Trypanorhynch cestodes are parasitic in fish. Their scolex shows four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2950461", "score": "1.1498421", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "warmer and somewhat effervescent water. Some minor pains will though soon follow. Normally there is no real danger to humans (with exception of people suffering from special allergies). But in cases when someone has been stung over large parts of their body by not just the longest tentacles but the entire jellyfish (including the inner tentacles, of which there are around 1200), a visit to a health care centre or similar is recommendable. Although rare, at deep water severe stings can also cause panic followed by drowning. On a July day in 2010, around 150 beachgoers were stung by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146740", "score": "1.1470547", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Spotted jelly", "text": "Spotted jelly The spotted jelly (\"Mastigias papua\"), lagoon jelly, golden medusa, or Papuan jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish from the Indo-Pacific oceans. Like corals, sea anemones, and other sea jellies, it belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. \"Mastigias papua\" is one of the numerous marine animals living in symbiosis with zooxanthellae, a photosynthetic alga. They have a lifespan of approximately 4 months and are active primarily in mid-summer to early autumn. The spotted jelly is so named because of the little dots that garnish its jelly. It usually measures between in length and between in diameter but some individuals can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10556146", "score": "1.1378808", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Atolla jellyfish", "text": "Atolla jellyfish Atolla wyvillei, also known as the Atolla jellyfish or Coronate medusa, is a species of deep-sea crown jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Coronatae). It lives in oceans around the world. Like many species of mid-water animals, it is deep red in color. This species was named in honor of Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, chief scientist on the Challenger expedition. It typically has 20 marginal tentacles and one hypertrophied tentacle which is larger than the rest. This long trailing tentacle is thought to facilitate prey capture. This species is bioluminescent. When attacked, it will launch a series of flashes, whose function is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10806835", "score": "1.133816", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Chrysaora hysoscella", "text": "Chrysaora hysoscella The compass jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella) is a very common species of jellyfish that lives in coastal waters of the Atlantic and Mediterranean, including near the United Kingdom, Ireland and Turkey. It is also known from the southern Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of South Africa and False Bay It has a diameter of up to 30 cm. Its 24 tentacles are arranged in eight groups of three. It is usually colored yellowish white, with some brown. It usually has 16 markings on the bell resembling elongated v's, surrounding a central brown spot. Its mouth is located at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11402556", "score": "1.1202066", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "sunfish, other jellyfish species, and sea turtles. The leatherback sea turtle feeds almost exclusively on them in large quantities during the summer season around Eastern Canada. The jellyfish themselves feed mostly on zooplankton, small fish, ctenophores, and moon jellies. Lion's mane jellyfish remain mostly very near the surface, at no more than 20 m depth. Their slow pulsations drive them forwards weakly, so they depend on ocean currents to travel great distances. The jellyfish are most often spotted during the late summer and autumn, when they have grown to a large size and the currents begin to sweep them to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146737", "score": "1.1187396", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Helmet jellyfish", "text": "Helmet jellyfish The helmet jellyfish (\"Periphylla periphylla\") is a luminescent, red-colored jellyfish of the deep sea, belonging to the order Coronatae of the phylum Cnidaria. It is the only species in the monotypic genus \"Periphylla.\" \"P. periphylla\" represents an exception, very rarely found in the phylum \"Cnidaria\": the medusae do not go through a polyp stage, thus presenting a \"holopelagic\" life cycle. The medusae strew fertilized eggs in open water and these develop directly into medusae, whose development rests entirely upon the egg's high yolk supply. The ephyra stage common among other jellyfish is not observed in \"P. periphylla\". The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17141814", "score": "1.1104934", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Aurelia aurita", "text": "Aurelia aurita Aurelia aurita (also called the common jellyfish, moon jellyfish, moon jelly or saucer jelly) is a widely studied species of the genus \"Aurelia\". All species in the genus are closely related, and it is difficult to identify \"Aurelia\" medusae without genetic sampling; most of what follows applies equally to all species of the genus. The most common method used to identify the species consists of selecting a jellyfish from a harbour using a device, usually a drinking glass and then photographing the subject. This means that they can be released in to the harbour shortly afterwards and return", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2319915", "score": "1.1099162", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Flower hat jelly", "text": "Its diet consists mostly of small fish, which are caught with the tentacles. Its sting is painful, but is not deadly to humans. It is powerful enough to leave a rash. Flower hat jelly The flower hat jelly (\"Olindias formosus\") is a species of hydrozoan in the family Olindiidae. Although they look like a jellyfish, they actually belong in the class Hydrozoa, while true jellyfish belong in class Scyphozoa. Flower hat jellies occur in the western Pacific off southern Japan. Characterized by lustrous tentacles that coil and adhere to its rim when not in use, the flower hat jelly's bell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11899815", "score": "1.1049329", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Flower hat jelly", "text": "Flower hat jelly The flower hat jelly (\"Olindias formosus\") is a species of hydrozoan in the family Olindiidae. Although they look like a jellyfish, they actually belong in the class Hydrozoa, while true jellyfish belong in class Scyphozoa. Flower hat jellies occur in the western Pacific off southern Japan. Characterized by lustrous tentacles that coil and adhere to its rim when not in use, the flower hat jelly's bell is translucent and pinstriped with opaque bands, making it easily recognizable. The flower hat jelly can grow to be about 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. It lives around 4–6 months.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11899814", "score": "1.1029983", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lychnorhiza lucerna", "text": "edge of the bell are darker brown and the lower parts of the oral tentacles may be brown as well, the upper parts being colourless. \"Lychnorhiza lucerna\" is found in tropical waters in the western Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from French Guyana to Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. It occurs in shallow coastal habitats and estuaries and is the most abundant jellyfish in its order (Rhizostomeae) in these waters. It often becomes stranded on beaches. \"Lychnorhiza lucerna\" has a complex life cycle with an alternation of sexual and asexual stages. An adult jellyfish is known as a medusa and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16409372", "score": "1.101218", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jellyfish Lake", "text": "the name) because the \"Mastigias papua\" local to Palauan lagoons may be only one of several cryptic species that make up the \"M. papua\" group, and in the future, the \"M. papua\" local to Palau may be identified as a separate species from other \"M. papua\". He also proposed that the jellyfish living in four other Palauan marine lakes were distinctive enough to deserve recognition as unique subspecies. The moon jellyfish were identified as \"Aurelia aurita\" by Hamner. However, since the release of that report in 1981, genetic testing has been done on specimens of \"Aurelia\" collected from locations throughout", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6807477", "score": "1.096319", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Marivagia", "text": "of sexually mature specimens, in both winter and summer, and at sites nearly 90 km apart, suggests a local population has been established. Reports of a new and previously unknown type of jellyfish near the southern Lebanese port of Sidon have also appeared in the Lebanese press, though these have yet to be explicitly linked to \"M. stellata\". Marivagia Marivagia is a monotypic genus of jellyfish, containing only the species, Marivagia stellata, that was first described in 2010 following the discovery of several specimens on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The genus name, \"Marivagia\", is derived from the Latin 'mari'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14998460", "score": "1.0956988", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "Suspicion was originally laid upon the professor's rival in love, until the latter was similarly attacked (he survived, although badly stung). In the context of the story, it is only because the school professor has a weak heart that he succumbs, as is confirmed by the survival of the second victim. A photograph widely distributed on the internet appears to show an anomalously large lion's mane dwarfing a nearby diver by several times. The photo was subsequently shown to be a hoax. On the popular television program \"QI\" the show claimed that the longest animal in the world was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146742", "score": "1.0934348", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Aurelia aurita", "text": "to their natural habitat. The jellyfish is translucent, usually about in diameter, and can be recognized by its four horseshoe-shaped gonads, easily seen through the top of the bell. It feeds by collecting medusae, plankton, and mollusks with its tentacles, and bringing them into its body for digestion. It is capable of only limited motion, and drifts with the current, even when swimming. The genus \"Aurelia\" is found throughout most of the world's oceans, from the tropics to as far north as latitude 70°N and as far south as 40°S. The species \"Aurelia aurita\" is found along the eastern Atlantic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2319916", "score": "1.0915877", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Cassiopea xamachana", "text": "Cassiopea xamachana Cassiopea xamachana, commonly known as the upside-down jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Cassiopeidae. It is found in warm parts of the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It was first described by the American marine biologist Henry Bryant Bigelow in 1892. The medusa phase of \"Cassiopea xamachana\" can grow to a diameter of about . Compared to most species of jellyfish it is upside-down, that is to say the bell, which is saucer-shaped, is underneath and acts like a suction cup to stabilise the jellyfish on the seabed. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18628458", "score": "1.0902041", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Sanderia malayensis", "text": "Sanderia malayensis Sanderia malayensis is a species of jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae, native to the tropical Indo-Pacific. It has a complex life cycle and is thought to be venomous and to have caused injuries to humans. The medusa phase of \"Sanderia malayensis\" is distinguished from other related species by having 32 marginal lappets at the edge of the transparent bell, and 16 tentacles alternating with 16 rhopalia. The edge of the bell has a short vertical \"skirt\", about as wide as one sixth of the bell. The stomach has four heart-shaped radial pouches each edged with up to 40", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20544217", "score": "1.0894895", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "text": "break off the stacks, where they eventually grow into the medusa stage and become full-grown jellyfish. Most encounters cause temporary pain and localized redness. In normal circumstances, and in healthy individuals, their stings are not known to be fatal. Vinegar can be used to deactivate the nematocysts, but due to the large number of tentacles, medical attention is recommended after exposure. There may be a significant difference between touching a few tentacles with finger tips at a beach, compared to accidental swimming into one. The initial sensation is more strange than painful, it feels like swimming in to a bit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3146739", "score": "1.0876756", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Lion's mane jellyfish", "long_answer": "The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift in to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia and New Zealand. The largest recorded specimen found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870, had a bell with a diameter of 2.3 metres (7 ft 6 in) and tentacles 37.0 m (121.4 ft) long. Lion's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42°N latitude for some time in the larger bays of the east coast of the United States.", "chunked_long_answer": "The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift in to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia", "short_answers": [ "Cyanea capillata", "capillata" ] }

[ "Brad Johnson" ]

[ { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "text": "The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36-yard line. However, six plays later, Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40-yard field goal to give them a 3–0 lead.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2006 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "game against the Dallas Cowboys. In the first quarter, the Bucs capped off their opening driver with FB Mike Alstott getting a 1-yard TD run. However, the Cowboys responded with QB Tony Romo getting a 30-yard TD pass to WR Terry Glenn. In the second quarter, Romo and Glenn hooked up with each other again on a 2-yard TD pass. The Bucs could only respond with kicker Matt Bryant getting a 46-yard field goal. Dallas would respond with Romo getting a 1-yard TD pass to RB Marion Barber. In the third quarter, Romo and Barber would hook up with each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8721511", "score": "1.1564361", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "beer and did not pay them. After the conclusion of the 2014 season, Tampa Bay hired Ben Steele to become the team's new offensive quality control coach as well as former Atlanta Falcons offensive coordinator, Dirk Koetter, to be their new offensive coordinator after parting ways with QB coach and interim offensive coordinator Marcus Arroyo. Having a 2–14 record, tied for the worst record in the NFL in 2014, Tampa gained the 1st overall pick in the 2015 NFL draft. They also made some headlines when they released QB Josh McCown on February 11, 2015 to save $5.25 million in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431676", "score": "1.1513885", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "Sims. The offseason changes resulted in the Buccaneers winning the NFC South title in the 2007 season, finishing with a 9–7 record, and the 4th seed in the conference. The division crown was the second one in three seasons under Gruden. In the Wild Card round of the playoffs held on January 6, 2008, the Buccaneers lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants by a final score of 24–14. During the 2008 offseason, the Bucs re-signed head coach Gruden and general manager Allen through the 2011 season. They also acquired former players Warrick Dunn, who had spent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431659", "score": "1.1363361", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Keyshawn Johnson", "text": "with Gruden (illustrated by a video clip of him yelling at Gruden on the sidelines) led to his de-activation for the final 7 games of the 2003 season. The following offseason, he was traded to the Dallas Cowboys, where he was reunited with Bill Parcells, his coach while he was with the New York Jets. On March 19, 2004, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers traded him to the Dallas Cowboys for Joey Galloway, who the Cowboys had also traded two first round picks to acquire. Reunited with his former coach Bill Parcells, Johnson lived up to his advance billing for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3090483", "score": "1.1333652", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "coordinator, Dirk Koetter, to be their new offensive coordinator after parting ways with QB coach and interim offensive coordinator Marcus Arroyo. Having a 2–14 record, tied for worst in the NFL, Tampa gained the 1st overall pick in the 2015 NFL draft. They also made some headlines when they released QB Josh McCown on February 11, 2015 to save $5.25 million in cap space. With the first overall pick in the NFL draft, the Buccaneers selected Jameis Winston from Florida State. Throughout the offseason, there was much debate whether the Buccaneers should pick Jameis, or Oregon QB Marcus Mariota. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9869015", "score": "1.1293355", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2010 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "NFL Draft, with which they selected Gerald McCoy. John McKay, the team's first head coach, became the second inductee into the Ring of Honor on December 5 during a game against Atlanta. McKay's son Rich, a former Buccaneers general manager, and current president of the Falcons, accepted the award for his late father. The Buccaneers wore throwback uniforms for the Falcons game. Despite finishing the season with a 10–6 record (a seven-game improvement from the year before), the team failed to sell out any of its home games at Raymond James Stadium. It is the second NFL stadium that failed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14152817", "score": "1.1087421", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2006 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "completed a 3-yard TD pass to TE Chris Cooley. Tampa Bay would respond with QB Bruce Gradkowski completed a 2-yard TD pass to TE Anthony Becht. In the fourth quarter, the Bucs managed to wrap-up the game with Gradkowski completing a 34-yard TD pass to WR Joey Galloway, while Bryant kicked a 31-yard field goal. Even though the Redskins would get a 4-yard TD pass from Campbell to TE Todd Yoder, the Bucs held on to win and advance to 3–7. Hoping to build on their home win over the Redskins, the Buccaneers flew to Texas Stadium for a Thanksgiving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8721510", "score": "1.1041815", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2009 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "finalized by mid-February. The first regular season game for head coach Raheem Morris saw the Buccaneers fall to the Dallas Cowboys by a score of 34–21. Running back Cadillac Williams returned as a starter, and rushed for 97 yards and one touchdown. Quarterback Byron Leftwich threw for 276 yards, one touchdown, and no interceptions. The Buccaneer defense, however, gave up three big plays in the loss. Dallas quarterback Tony Romo threw for a career-best 353 yards. Three long touchdown passes (66, 80, 44 yards respectively) put the game out of reach. Early in the fourth quarter, Tampa Bay closed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12898717", "score": "1.0975075", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of Tampa, Florida", "text": "Roy Selmon. The team was again the worst in the league from 1983 to 1996, until they hired Hall of Fame coach Tony Dungy who pioneered the Tampa 2 defense. In 1998, the team moved to Raymond James Stadium. In 2002, the team was moved to the NFC South, and under head coach Jon Gruden the team won Super Bowl XXXVII. Super Bowls XVIII, XXV, XXXV and XLIII were hosted in Tampa, and LV is scheduled to be. Tampa also hosts the Outback Bowl. There also used to be the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6934053", "score": "1.0924687", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2002 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "NFC Championship on the road against the Eagles in the last NFL game ever played at Veterans Stadium. Cornerback Ronde Barber capped off the win by intercepting a Donovan McNabb pass and returning it 92 yards for a touchdown late in the fourth quarter. The Buccaneers went on to rout Gruden’s former team, the Oakland Raiders, by a score of 48–21 in Super Bowl XXXVII. Gruden's familiarity with the Raiders’ players and playbook paid off, as John Lynch and other Buccaneer players recognized some of Oakland's formations and plays at crucial points in the game. The Bucs became the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10272764", "score": "1.091703", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dirk Koetter", "text": "Dirk Koetter Dirk Jeffrey Koetter ( ; born February 5, 1959) is an American football coach who is head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was the head coach at Boise State University from 1998 to 2000 and at Arizona State University from 2001 to 2006, compiling a career college football record of . Koetter was also the offensive coordinator for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Atlanta Falcons, and Buccaneers. Koetter grew up in Pocatello, Idaho, the son of a football coach. A quarterback, he graduated from Highland High School in 1977 and stayed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5331555", "score": "1.085999", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Mike Shula", "text": "with the Chicago Bears and the Buccaneers, where he was offensive coordinator from 1996 to 1999. As offensive coordinator under Tony Dungy with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the team enjoyed success and narrowly missed the Super Bowl after losing the NFC Championship Game against eventual Super Bowl champion St. Louis Rams. Following that 1999 NFC Championship Game, he was fired as offensive coordinator after the Bucs finished no higher than 22nd in total offense during his tenure. After his firing from Tampa, Shula went on to be the quarterbacks coach of the Miami Dolphins from 2000-2002, then left to become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6053301", "score": "1.0852636", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "cap space. With the first overall pick in the NFL draft, the Buccaneers selected Jameis Winston from Florida State. Throughout the offseason, there was much debate whether the Buccaneers should pick Jameis, or Oregon QB Marcus Mariota. On January 6, 2016, Smith was fired by the Buccaneers after posting a record of 8–24 in his two seasons, including a 6–10 record in the 2015 season. On January 15, 2016, Dirk Koetter was promoted from offensive coordinator to become the new head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The teams' record sat at 3-5 following a blowout loss to the Atlanta", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431677", "score": "1.0851902", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Bruce Allen (American football)", "text": "to replace McKay, as Allen had previously worked with Gruden in Oakland. Allen immediately began looking for a more youthful team in Tampa Bay. This included releasing long-time Buccaneer John Lynch and allowing Warren Sapp to leave for free agency, along with drafting Auburn running back Carnell \"Cadillac\" Williams in the 2005 draft. The Buccaneers performance during Allen's tenure was mixed. His first year there, the team went 5-11. The next year however, they were 11-5 and won the NFC South division in 2005, but went 4-12 in 2006. The team rebounded to a 9-7 record and another NFC South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9118769", "score": "1.0837455", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1985 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "He turned down a contract offer from the Los Angeles Dodgers to sign with Tampa Bay. Phil Freeman was the University of Arizona starting tailback until suffering a broken leg in 1982, but was projected as a wide receiver with what Bennett called \"rare speed\". Steve Calabria was the leading quarterback in Colgate history, with a strong arm and the ability to throw while rolling out. He claimed to already have signed a letter of agreement with Tampa Bay Bandits owner John Bassett, although it was unclear whether the Bandits would still be in existence, or whether they would be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10305268", "score": "1.0832617", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "to win the Super Bowl without any picks in the first two rounds of the previous spring's NFL Draft, having traded these picks to the Oakland Raiders for the rights to acquire Gruden. Gruden became the youngest head coach to win a Super Bowl. Soon after the Super Bowl victory, a growing number of press reports indicated Gruden's lack of patience with general manager McKay. McKay was a major architect of the Bucs rebuilding effort over the previous ten years, and he, like Gruden, had long-established ties to the Tampa Bay area. However, during the 2003 season, the Gruden-McKay relationship", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9868970", "score": "1.08296", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Jameis Winston", "text": "Winston lead Buccaneers began playing efficient offense as well as exceptional defense and special teams play, resulting in the Buccaneers' first 5-game winning streak since the Super Bowl winning 2002 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season. The win streak gave the Buccaneers possession of the 6th seed in the NFC playoff race, which they quickly lost after back-to-back losses to the Dallas Cowboys and New Orleans Saints. Winston led the Buccaneers to their first winning season in 6 years after defeating the Carolina Panthers in the regular season finale, during which he broke the franchise records for passing yards and passing touchdowns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16579702", "score": "1.0810325", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "text": "picks, two second-round picks and $8 million to the Raiders to get Gruden. Tampa Bay was desperate to have someone rebuild their offense so it would complement their powerful defense in an attempt to win the Super Bowl. For most of their history, the Buccaneers were regarded as losers, making the playoffs only three times in their first 20 seasons. But that changed when the team hired Tony Dungy as head coach in 1996. Dungy, along with his defensive coordinator Monte Kiffin, rebuilt the defense around a core group of players, such as defensive lineman Warren Sapp, linebacker Derrick Brooks,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1491910", "score": "1.0807989", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2000 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "had a 6-yard touchdown run, as Tampa Bay beat Detroit at the Silverdome. The Buccaneers defense held the Lions to only 17 yards rushing, and made two interceptions. Tampa Bay entered week four undefeated at 3–0. Wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson had been traded to the Buccaneers over the offseason, and for the first time, would meet his former club, the New York Jets. Johnson was vocal in the days leading up to the game, publicly ripping former teammate Wayne Chrebet by contrasting himself as \"a star while (Chrebet) is a flashlight.\" In the rain, quarterback Shaun King struggled, but led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276239", "score": "1.0799396", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2009 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "deficit to 20–14, but Romo's 80-yard catch & run to Patrick Crayton put the Cowboys ahead for good. On specials teams, kicker Mike Nugent had one field goal attempt blocked, and shanked another. The Buccaneers made their first regular season trip in franchise history to Ralph Wilson Stadium to meet the Bills. The Buccaneers had played only one time at Buffalo, a preseason game in 1977. Byron Leftwich threw for 296 yards and three touchdowns, but the Bills held Tampa Bay to only 57 yards rushing, and the Buccaneers had 13 penalties for 112 yard in the loss. Leading 20–7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12898718", "score": "1.0764943", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2006 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "the Bucs got their only score of the game with QB Tim Rattay completing a 4-yard TD pass to WR Joey Galloway. Afterwards, Seattle continued its dominance with QB Matt Hasselbeck completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR D.J. Hackett. After that, the Seahawks wrapped up the game in the second half with Brown getting a 30-yard field goal in the third quarter and a 23-yard field goal in the fourth quarter. With the loss, the Buccaneers ended their year at 4–12. 2006 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season The 2006 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season was the franchise's 31st season in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8721519", "score": "1.0763676", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "text": "and defensive backs Ronde Barber and John Lynch. By 1997, Tampa Bay ranked 3rd in the league in total yards allowed, 2nd in 1998, and 3rd in 2000. With one of the best defenses in the league, Dungy helped guide the Buccaneers to four playoff appearances in his six years as the team's head coach. But the team always had one of the worst offenses in the league, and this was a major factor in their playoff losses. Thus, Dungy was fired and replaced by Gruden. Still, even Gruden had trouble getting the offense in sync during his first year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1491911", "score": "1.075952", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "Round of 2001 and soon thereafter hired as the head coach of the Indianapolis Colts, while the Bucs mounted a prolonged and much-maligned search for his replacement. Several potential candidates were offered the job, including University of Florida head coach (and former Buccaneers quarterback) Steve Spurrier, former New York Giants head coach Bill Parcells, and Baltimore Ravens defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis. Spurrier jumped to the Redskins when he was offered the most lucrative salary package ever offered to an NFL head coach, and Parcells eventually passed on the Bucs' offer—the second time he had done so in the history of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431646", "score": "1.0756671", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Rich McKay", "text": "Rich McKay Rich McKay (born March 16, 1959) is the president, CEO, and former general manager of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. He was the general manager of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers when they won Super Bowl XXXVII. McKay is the youngest son of the late John McKay, who was the Buccaneers' first head coach. McKay was a ball boy for the Buccaneers when his father was the head coach. While his father was head coach at USC in Los Angeles, McKay played quarterback at Bishop Amat High School in La Puente, CA. When John McKay took", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7410086", "score": "1.074645", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2003 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season", "text": "growing number of press reports had indicated Gruden’s lack of patience with general manager Rich McKay. McKay was a major architect of the Buccaneers rebuilding effort over the previous ten years, and he, like Gruden, had long-established ties to the Tampa Bay-area. However, as the 2003 season wore on, the Gruden/McKay relationship deteriorated as the Buccaneers struggled on the field. In November, Keyshawn Johnson was deactivated by the team ten games into the season for his conduct, which included sideline arguments with coaches and players. Johnson was eventually traded to the Dallas Cowboys for wide receiver Joey Galloway. Along with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10272718", "score": "1.0735304", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tim Rattay", "text": "from the San Francisco 49ers. This trade has been criticized by many, including former NFL quarterback Terry Bradshaw. Late in the 2006 season, Rattay stepped in as the starting quarterback for the Buccaneers due to the poor play of Bruce Gradkowski. In the week 15 game against the Chicago Bears, he entered the game with Tampa Bay losing 14-3. Due to his strong performance, Tampa Bay tied the game at 31, but they eventually lost in overtime 34-31. This performance led coach Jon Gruden to name Rattay as the team's third different starting quarterback in the 2006 season. On May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4255613", "score": "1.0735302", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Steve DeBerg", "text": "24, 1984, DeBerg was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for a fourth-round pick (#89, Randy Robbins) and a 1985 conditional pick who ended up being a second-round selection (#36, Richard Byrd). He arrived at the club when Steve Young and Vinny Testaverde (1987) were drafted. DeBerg was the central starter for the 1984 Buccaneers, who posted one of the league's more productive offensive attacks when he was the starting quarterback. The 1984 Bucs ranked 10th in the league in total offensive yards, and eighth in passing yards. DeBerg appeared in all 16 games, starting 13 and winning five of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4331411", "score": "1.0724947", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "January 1, 2014, Lovie Smith was hired as the new head coach of the Buccaneers, replacing Greg Schiano. Smith had previously spent 5 seasons with the Buccaneers from 1996 to 2001 coaching the linebackers under Tony Dungy. During his first news conference with the Bucs, Smith talked about restoring the quality of the team from the late 1990s and early 2000s: \"There was a certain brand of football you expected from us,\" Smith said. \"You know we would be relentless. There was a brand of football that you got from us each week at Raymond James Stadium. It was hard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431670", "score": "1.0722694", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "History of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "text": "the last NFL game ever played at Veterans Stadium. Cornerback Ronde Barber capped off the win by intercepting a Donovan McNabb pass and returning it 92 yards for a touchdown late in the fourth quarter. Philadelphia fans could only watch in stunned silence. The Bucs went on to rout Gruden’s former team, the Oakland Raiders, by a score of 48–21 in Super Bowl XXXVII. Gruden’s familiarity with the Raiders’ players and playbook paid off, as John Lynch and other Bucs players recognized some of Oakland's formations and plays at crucial points in the game. The Bucs became the first team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9868969", "score": "1.07214", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "long_answer": "The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36-yard line. However, six plays later, Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40-yard field goal to give them a 3–0 lead.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36-yard line. However, six plays later, Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40-yard field goal to give them a 3–0 lead.", "short_answers": [ "Brad Johnson" ] }

[ "the Russian army" ]

[ { "title": "Bulgaria during World War I", "text": "campaign against the Kingdom of Serbia. It severely limited the control of the Bulgarian High Command over the Bulgarian 1st Army, which was designated part of a combined German, Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian force commanded by Field Marshal August von Mackensen. He had recently led the German and Austro-Hungarian armies in the highly successful and victorious Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive of the Central Powers against the Russian army on the Eastern Front. His army group was created specifically to wage war against the Serbian army in the pre-1913 borders of the country (\"Old Serbia\"), to defeat it wherever it found it and to", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Central Powers", "text": "French and US forces in north-eastern France and Belgium. There was no unified treaty ending the war; the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties. Central Powers The Central Powers (; ; / ; ), consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria—hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance ()—was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having joined the alliance before, Italy refused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "86272", "score": "1.169295", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "World War I", "text": "Council to co-ordinate planning. Previously, British and French armies had operated under separate commands. In December, the Central Powers signed an armistice with Russia, thus freeing large numbers of German troops for use in the west. With German reinforcements and new American troops pouring in, the outcome was to be decided on the Western Front. The Central Powers knew that they could not win a protracted war, but they held high hopes for success based on a final quick offensive. Furthermore, both sides became increasingly fearful of social unrest and revolution in Europe. Thus, both sides urgently sought a decisive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7594706", "score": "1.1325321", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Max Hoffmann", "text": "Czernin found that \"The General [Hoffmann] combined expert knowledge and energy with a good deal of calm and ability, but also not a little of Prussian brutality...\" The negotiations dragged on; the major sticking point was that the Russians would not be given back Poland, Lithuania, or Courland, which the Central Powers maintained had opted for independence. In December 1917 he was summoned to Berlin, where at lunch the Kaiser ordered him, despite his objections, to give his opinion regarding the post-war German–Polish border. He favored taking from Poland a modest defensive strip, so they would acquire as few new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3287943", "score": "1.1186926", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "text": "the Germans. In September 1916, German troops were mobilized to the Eastern Front. Additionally, the German Chief of the General Staff, General Erich Von Falkenhayn was forced to resign from office though his successor appointed him to command the combined Central Powers forces against Romania, along with General August von Mackensen. Kaiser Wilhelm II immediately replaced Falkenhayn with Paul von Hindenburg. Von Hindenburg's deputy, the more adept Erich Ludendorff, was given effective control of the army and ordered to advance on Romania. On September 3, the first troops of the Central Powers marched into Romanian territory. Simultaneously, the Bulgarian Air", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3807632", "score": "1.1183728", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Central Powers", "text": "United Kingdom in the west. Finland, Azerbaijan, and Lithuania joined them in 1918 before the war ended and after the Russian Empire collapsed. The Central Powers were composed of the following nations: In early July 1914, in the aftermath of the assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the immediate likelihood of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, Kaiser Wilhelm II and the German government informed the Austro-Hungarian government that Germany would uphold its alliance with Austria-Hungary and defend it from possible Russian intervention if a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia took place. When Russia enacted a general mobilization, Germany viewed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "86249", "score": "1.115908", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Henri Mathias Berthelot", "text": "choice to head the French military mission was General de Langle de Cary, but the suggestion was rejected by the French Minister there, Charles de Saint Aulaire. Instead, Berthelot was appointed, arriving at Iași on 15 October and formally taking up his position the next day. Central Powers forces under General von Falkenhayn had already broken through the Transylvanian passes on 11 October, and swiftly conquered Wallachia and Dobruja. Just as France had reconstituted the Serbian Army (now based at Salonika) after her conquest in the winter of 1915-16, between January and June 1917 Berthelot supervised the reorganisation and retraining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13313438", "score": "1.1069845", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "text": "that war with either of these combatants would result in war with the other, which meant that there would be war in both the west and the east. Therefore, the German General Staff, Alfred von Schlieffen, planned a quick, all-out ground war on the Western Front to take France and, upon victory, Germany would turn its attention to Russia in the east. Von Schlieffen believed Russia would not be ready or willing to move against and attack Germany due to the huge losses of military equipment that Russia suffered in the Russo-Japanese war, her low population density and lack of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3807602", "score": "1.1069841", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Curious Notions", "text": "travel technology. The Central Powers win by managing to knock out France and the British Expeditionary Force in the west towards the beginning of the war. Then they defeat Russia before the United States can intervene. A few years later, the German Empire intervenes in the Russian Revolution and defeats the Bolsheviks, but the Russian Empire is mostly divided and therefore no longer a great power. Britain and France tried to stop Germany's power again in the late 1930s, but since the United States does not intervene, they lose and Germany gains control over Europe and its sphere of influence.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12274990", "score": "1.1036276", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Great Retreat (Russian)", "text": "the Central Powers. Four new German armies, the 11th, 12th, Army of the Niemen and Army of the Bug were formed. Given the steady erosion of the Russian armies' combat power due to a poorly administered system of reinforcement, particularly of officers, this dramatically shifted the balance of power in the eastern theatre to the Central powers as 13 Central Powers armies faced 9 under-strength Russian armies. Under pressure from the Kaiser, Falkenhayn gave in to Hindenburg and Ludendorff's insistence on an offensive in the region. Although Ludendorff and Austro-Hungarian General Staff Chief Conrad von Hötzendorf favored an encirclement operation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12240443", "score": "1.0948536", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Inter-Allied Socialist Conferences of World War I", "text": "but he was subsequently able to have it published in the March 1915 issue of the \"Socialist Standard\" of the Socialist Party of Great Britain Reports were made by Vailant, Vandervelde and one of the Social Revolutionaries enthusiastically supporting the war. The British apparently abstained from making a report. There was apparently much debate in the drafting commission and the subsequent plenary session on the war responsibility of the Central Powers and the position of Belgium and Serbia. The Belgian and French delegates are reported as taking a harder line on this point than their British comrades. The attitude of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15899085", "score": "1.092603", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "French military mission to Romania (1916-1918)", "text": "but the suggestion was rejected by the French Minister there, Charles de Saint Aulaire. Instead, Berthelot was appointed, arriving at Iași on 15 October and formally taking up his position the next day. Central Powers forces under General von Falkenhayn had already broken through the Transylvanian passes on 11 October, and swiftly conquered Wallachia and Dobruja. Just as France had reconstituted the Serbian Army (now based at Salonika) after her conquest in the winter of 1915-16, between January and June 1917 Berthelot supervised the reorganisation and retraining of the Romanian Army. The men travelled through Norway, Sweden an Russia by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20884537", "score": "1.0921957", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "European theatre of World War I", "text": "Western Front involved the allied powers of France, the British Empire, Belgium, and America fighting against the armed forces of the German Empire. The fighting on the Eastern Front was primarily contested by the German army and the Austro-Hungarian army on one side and the forces of the Russian Empire and Romania on the other. The Eastern front covered a very large territory, from the Baltic in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from Prussia and Galicia in the west to Latvia and Minsk to the east. The fighting on this front ended early, with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7696583", "score": "1.0907495", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Max Hoffmann", "text": "The crisis worsened when Romania entered the war. Hindenburg and Ludendorff became the Supreme Commanders. Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Bavaria, who Hoffmann regarded as \"a clever soldier and a distinguished superior officer\", took command of three army groups that included both German and Austro-Hungarian troops and Hoffmann was elated to become his chief of staff with promotion to major general: \"I shall actually become an Excellenz!\". He was supported by a highly competent staff. Eventually they commanded all of the forces of the Central Powers on the Eastern front: German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Bulgarian. Since he was no longer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3287938", "score": "1.0878638", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "German invasion of Belgium", "text": "on the common border. A corollary to the emphasis on the Western Front was a lack of troops for the Eastern Front against Russia. In the east the Germans planned a defensive strategy and relied on the Austro-Hungarian Army (\"Landstreitkräfte Österreich-Ungarns/Császári és Királyi Hadsereg\") to divert the Russians from East Prussia, while France was crushed. Divisions from the German army in the west (\"Westheer\") would be redeployed to the East to deal with the Russians as soon as a breathing-space was gained against the French. Under Plan XVII the French peacetime army was to form five field armies, with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16029266", "score": "1.0843118", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Erich von Falkenhayn", "text": "by far of the German generals in World War I. Dupuy also ranked him near the top of the German commanders, just below Hindenburg and Ludendorff. Foley wrote that Germany's enemies were far more able to apply a strategy of attrition, because they had greater amounts of manpower, industry and economic control over the world, resorting to many of the methods used by Falkenhayn in Russia in 1915 and France in 1916. As the cost of fighting the war increased, the war aims of the Entente expanded, to include the overthrow of the political elites of the Central Powers and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2555175", "score": "1.083013", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Central Powers", "text": "Central Powers The Central Powers (; ; / ; ), consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria—hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance ()—was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having joined the alliance before, Italy refused to take part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers; the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "86247", "score": "1.0825217", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "H. H. Asquith", "text": "of Lancaster of Churchill, who wrote, \"I could not accept a position of general responsibility for war policy without any effective share in its guidance and control.\" Further reverses took place in the Balkans: the Central Powers overran Serbia, forcing the Allied troops which had attempted to intervene back towards Salonika. Early 1916 saw the start of the German offensive at Verdun, the \"greatest battle of attrition in history\". In late May, the only significant Anglo-German naval engagement of the War took place at The Battle of Jutland. Although a strategic success, the greater loss of ships on the Allied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "887117", "score": "1.0824864", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Battle of the Somme", "text": "abandoned. Only four more divisions were sent to the Somme front before the Anglo-French offensive began, bringing the total to divisions. Falkenhayn, and then Hindenburg and Ludendorff, were forced to send divisions to Russia throughout the summer to prevent a collapse of the Austro-Hungarian army and then to conduct a counter-offensive against Romania, which declared war against the Central Powers on 27 August. In July there were divisions on the Western Front and in Russia and in November there were in the west and in the east. The original British Expeditionary Force (BEF) of six divisions and the Cavalry Division,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "713581", "score": "1.0813768", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Joseph Conrad", "text": "(the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires), and the Central Powers must in turn be beaten by France and Britain. After many travails and vicissitudes, at the beginning of November 1914 Conrad managed to bring his family back to England. On his return, he was determined to work on swaying British opinion in favour of restoring Poland's sovereignty. Jessie Conrad would later write in her memoirs: \"I understood my husband so much better after those months in Poland. So many characteristics that had been strange and unfathomable to me before, took, as it were, their right proportions. I understood that his temperament", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "211026", "score": "1.0806763", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Western Front (World War I)", "text": "Cologne, Koblenz and Mainz, with restoration dependent on payment of reparations. In Germany a Stab-in-the-back myth (\"Dolchstoßlegende\") was propagated by Hindenburg, Ludendorff and other defeated generals, that the defeat was not the fault of the 'good core' of the army but due to certain left-wing groups within Germany who signed a disastrous armistice; this would later be exploited by nationalists and the Nazi party propaganda to excuse the overthrow of the Weimar Republic in 1930 and the imposition of the Nazi dictatorship after March 1933. France lost more casualties relative to its population than any other great power and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "620290", "score": "1.0806274", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chantilly Conferences", "text": "of the Allied powers, France, Britain, Russia, Serbia and Italy, to form a common strategy for 1916 against the Central Powers. The British representatives were the commander-in-chief Sir John French and Sir Archibald Murray. General Carlo Porro represented Italy. Joffre proposed and his Allied counterparts concurred that the offensives of the Allied armies on the Western Front should be delivered simultaneously or close enough so that the Central Powers would be unable to transport reserves from one front to another\". The coordinated offensives were planned to commence as soon as possible, with local, limited attacks taking place in between, further", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16526481", "score": "1.0799947", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Oberste Heeresleitung", "text": "Marshal Paul von Hindenburg a popular hero and contrasted starkly with the stalemate in the west. Hindenburg and his supporters sought to shift Germany's main effort to the eastern front in hopes of knocking Russia out of the war. Falkenhayn resisted this, believing that France and Great Britain were the true opponents and that a decisive victory against the Russians was impossible. The second concern was the Battle of Verdun, the centrepeice of Falkenhayn's western strategy. Writing after the war, Falkenhayn stated that his intention was to draw the French Army into a battle of attrition and wear them down.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4764052", "score": "1.0782971", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of Germany during World War I", "text": "Staff. The Central Powers were thereby denied a quick victory and forced to fight a war on two fronts. The German army had fought its way into a good defensive position inside France and had permanently incapacitated 230,000 more French and British troops than it had lost itself. Despite this, communications problems and questionable command decisions cost Germany the chance of obtaining an early victory. 1916 was characterized by two great battles on the Western front, at Verdun and the Somme. They each lasted most of the year, achieved minimal gains, and drained away the best soldiers of both sides.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7151502", "score": "1.074161", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Verdun", "text": "Falkenhayn, the chief of the German General Staff (1914–1916) made plans for a large offensive on the Western Front that ultimately aimed to break the French Army through the application of firepower at a point that the French had to hold for reasons of national prestige. As Falkenhayn recalled it, his so-called \"Christmas memorandum\" to Kaiser Willhelm II envisioned a massive but limited attack on a French position 'for the retention of which the French Command would be compelled to throw in every man they have'. Once the French army had bled to death, Britain could be brought down by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "949663", "score": "1.0702162", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "text": "Chief of Staff Major Guse absence. Coupled with an imbalance of forces – the Russians had 325 000 troops, while the Turks only 78 000 – the situation appeared grim for the Central Powers. After three months of fighting, the Russians captured the city of Trabzon on April 18, 1916. Allied operations in 1916 were dictated by an urgent need to force Germany to transfer forces from its Western to Eastern fronts, to relieve the pressure on the French at the Battle of Verdun. This was to be accomplished by a series of Russian offensives which would force the Germans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3807627", "score": "1.0684308", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "British Army during World War I", "text": "of the lost ground. The final year of the war—1918—started with disaster and ended in triumph. On 21 March 1918, General Erich Ludendorff, Chief of the German General Staff, launched the Spring Offensive, which was intended to defeat the Allies on the Western Front before the strength of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) could become overwhelming. The main weight of the first blow—Operation \"Michael\"—fell on General Gough' s Fifth Army which was forced to retreat. In response to the crisis facing the Allies, French \"Generalissimo\" Ferdinand Foch was made Supreme Commander of the Allied forces on the Western Front, placing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12503066", "score": "1.0671043", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "French entry into World War I", "text": "but often was indecisive. René Viviani became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in spring 1914. He was a cautious moderate, but was profoundly ignorant of foreign affairs, and was baffled by what was going on. The main decisions were made by the foreign office and increasingly by the president. Jules Cambon, the French ambassador to Berlin (1907-1914), was the one major French leader who worked for détente with Germany. The ambassador to Russia Maurice Paléologue hated Germany and reassured Russia that France would fight alongside her against Germany. The central policy goal for Poincaré was maintaining the close alliance with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20820459", "score": "1.0659845", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Capture of Gueudecourt", "text": "opposite the British was essential and stripped the other armies on the Western Front of fresh divisions and units, moving the 85th Reserve Brigade and the 45th Reserve Division from the 4th Army in Flanders, into the area between Thiepval and Martinpuich. After the sacking of Erich von Falkenhayn, the German Chief of the General Staff on 29 August, his successors General Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff visited the Western Front, ordered an end to offensive operations at the Battle of Verdun and the reinforcement of the Somme front. Tactics were reviewed and a more \"elastic\" defence was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18297121", "score": "1.0648084", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Greece during World War I", "text": "commander Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf pressed to complete the victory in Serbia by clearing Albania and evicting the Allies from Thessaloniki, and forcing Greece and Romania to enter the war on the Central Powers' side, the German high command, under Erich von Falkenhayn, was eager to end operations so as to focus on his plan to win the war by bleeding the French army dry at the Battle of Verdun. In the meantime, Greece descended further into political crisis: on the night of 3/4 November, the Zaimis government was voted down in Parliament, in a session in which the Minister", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12485489", "score": "1.0637524", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Bulgaria during World War I", "long_answer": "The military convention between Bulgaria and the Central Powers laid down the general plan for its campaign against the Kingdom of Serbia. It severely limited the control of the Bulgarian High Command over the Bulgarian 1st Army, which was designated part of a combined German, Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian force commanded by Field Marshal August von Mackensen. He had recently led the German and Austro-Hungarian armies in the highly successful and victorious Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive of the Central Powers against the Russian army on the Eastern Front. His army group was created specifically to wage war against the Serbian army in the pre-1913 borders of the country (\"Old Serbia\"), to defeat it wherever it found it and to open the land route between Hungary and Bulgaria. As commander, Mackensen acted independently and received his directives only from the German High Command. However, the field marshal's orders to his Bulgarian forces had to be relayed to the commander of the 1st Army by the Bulgarian General Staff, which left room for the latter to intervene when needed. According to the convention, the Bulgarian commander-in- chief retained full and direct control over the Bulgarian 2nd Army and its operations in Vardar Macedonia.", "chunked_long_answer": "campaign against the Kingdom of Serbia. It severely limited the control of the Bulgarian High Command over the Bulgarian 1st Army, which was designated part of a combined German, Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian force commanded by Field Marshal August von Mackensen. He had recently led the German and Austro-Hungarian armies in the highly successful and victorious Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive of the Central Powers against the Russian army on the Eastern Front. His army group was created specifically to wage war against the Serbian army in the pre-1913 borders of the country (\"Old Serbia\"), to defeat it wherever it found it and to", "short_answers": [ "the Russian army" ] }

[ "tilapia" ]

[ { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "Due to the high salinity, very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea. Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution. Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea, including threadfin shad, carp, red shiner, channel catfish, white catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Salton Sea based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in local species. The Salton Sea has been termed a \"crown jewel of avian biodiversity\" by Dr. Milt Friend of the Salton Sea Science Office. Over 400 species have been documented at the Salton Sea. The most diverse and probably the most significant populations of bird life in the continental United States are hosted, rivaled only by Big Bend National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556163", "score": "1.076903", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "body was initially a freshwater lake, but by the 1960s, its rising salinity had begun to jeopardize some of its species. With a salinity now exceeding 5.0% w/v (saltier than seawater), most species of fish can no longer survive. A freshwater fish notable for its ability to withstand the rising salinity of the Salton Sea, the desert pupfish, can survive salinities ranging from 0.0% to 7.0%. Fertilizer runoffs have resulted in eutrophication, with large algal blooms and elevated bacterial levels. By 2014, large swaths of lake bed were exposed and salt levels drastically increased due to mandated water transfers to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556165", "score": "1.0759915", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "of fish that lived in the sea have been killed off by the combination of pollutants, salt levels, and algal blooms. Dead fish have been known to wash up in mass quantities on the beaches. The smell of the lake, combined with the stench of the decaying fish, also contributed to the decline of the tourist industry around the Salton Sea. Many people now visit the Salton Sea and the surrounding settlements to explore the abandoned structures. The town of Niland is southeast of the sea, with a population of 1,006. Evidence of geothermal activity is also visible. Mudpots and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556161", "score": "1.0748079", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "River under the Quantification Settlement Agreement of 2003, the overall water level of the sea is expected to decrease significantly between 2013 and 2021. The lake's salinity, about , is greater than that of the Pacific Ocean (), but less than that of the Great Salt Lake (which ranges from ). Recently, the concentration has been increasing at a rate of about 3% per year. About of salt are deposited in the valley each year. The area was once part of a vast inland sea that covered a large area of Southern California. Geologists estimate that for three million years,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556151", "score": "1.037293", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "Salton Sea The Salton Sea is a shallow, saline, endorheic rift lake located directly on the San Andreas Fault, predominantly in the U.S. state of California's Imperial and Coachella valleys. The lake occupies the lowest elevations of the Salton Sink in the Colorado Desert of Imperial and Riverside counties in Southern California. Its surface is below sea level as of January 2018. The deepest point of the sea is higher than the lowest point of Death Valley. The sea is fed by the New, Whitewater, and Alamo Rivers, as well as agricultural runoff, drainage systems, and creeks. Over millions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556147", "score": "0.99280983", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Quantification Settlement Agreement", "text": "If upheld by the courts, the conditions will remain in force for up to 75 years. Starting in 1901, farmers in the Imperial Valley were using the Colorado River for irrigation water, with drainage water going to a very small Salton Sea. The surrounding ecosystem changed somewhat rapidly, and \"by 1929, the combination of evaporation and agricultural drainage water increased the Sea's salinity, eliminating most of the fresh water fish species.\" In addition to fish, migratory birds have long inhabited the region, and there is concern that pollutants are damaging the population. Most notably, \"salt, selenium and pesticides are carried", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18616833", "score": "0.9911672", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "New River (Mexico–United States)", "text": "the lack of an outlet, salinity has increased by approximately 1% per year. Due to high selenium levels, the public was strictly advised to limit fish consumption from the Salton Sea in 1986, after which any amount was likely a health risk. Increasing water temperature, salinity and bacterial levels led to massive fish die-offs (1992, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2006, 2008), and created the ideal breeding grounds for avian botulism, cholera and Newcastle disease, which also led to massive avian epizootics from 1992–2008. Currently, the Salton Sea has a salinity of 4.4% (4.4 parts per 100), making it saltier than ocean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6128086", "score": "0.984808", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge", "text": "species include the gopher snake, western diamondback snake, coachwhip, common kingsnake, whiptail lizard, desert spiny lizard and side-blotched lizard. The spiny soft-shell turtle and the desert tortoise are also found on the refuge. Spiny soft-shell turtles are found in freshwater drains and ponds, while the desert tortoise, although rarely seen, can be found in the upland desert areas. Fish populations thrive in the Salton Sea. The aquatic ecosystem is extremely productive because of the large amounts of nutrients it receives. The nutrients stimulate growth of phytoplankton and algae, which in turn, support zooplankton and worms. All of this provides a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13650640", "score": "0.95898366", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "of its allotment from the Colorado River for 45 years to the San Diego County Water Authority. The California State Legislature, by legislation enacted in 2003 and 2004, directed the Secretary of the California Resources Agency to prepare a restoration plan for the Salton Sea ecosystem, and an accompanying Environmental Impact Report. As part of this effort, the Secretary for Resources has established an advisory committee to provide recommendations to assist in the preparation of the Ecosystem Restoration Plan, including consultation throughout all stages of the alternative selection. The California Department of Water Resources and California Department of Fish and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556169", "score": "0.95614827", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "boulders, gravel, and stone columns—would be erected, along with earthen berms to corral the water into a horseshoe shape along the northern shoreline of the sea from San Felipe Creek on the west shore to Bombay Beach on the east shore. The central portion of the sea would be allowed to evaporate almost completely and would serve as a brine sink, while the southern portion of the sea would be constructed into a saline habitat complex. Construction on the project would be completed by 2035. The sale of the Imperial water to San Diego County resulted in a reduction in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556171", "score": "0.94648314", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "canal, and the river flowed into the Salton Basin for two years, filling the historic dry lake bed and creating the modern sea, before repairs were completed. While it varies in dimensions and area with fluctuations in agricultural runoff and rainfall, the Salton Sea is about . With an estimated surface area of or , the Salton Sea is the largest lake in California. The average annual inflow is less than , which is enough to maintain a maximum depth of and a total volume of about . However, due to changes in water apportionments agreed upon for the Colorado", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556150", "score": "0.9378259", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Quantification Settlement Agreement", "text": "vital avian habitats and-until recently-one of its most productive fisheries, the Salton Sea is in a state of wild flux.\" At one time a thriving ecosystem formed following an irrigation accident in 1905, the Salton Sea has increasingly faced higher levels of salinity in addition to shrinking water volume. The Quantification Settlement Agreement intended to provide a pathway for restoring this ecosystem. In addition to the purported environmental benefits, the Quantification Settlement Agreement is of particular importance to the Imperial Valley region due to the economic conditions of the area. In a recent article for the \"New Yorker\", Dana Goodyear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18616837", "score": "0.9264444", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "tribe) and \"Cabazon Valley\" (after a local Native American chief – Chief Cabazon). \"Salt Creek\" first appeared on a map in 1867 and \"Salton Station\" is on a railroad map from 1900, although this place had been there as a rail stop since the late 1870s. Until the advent of the modern sea, the Salton Sink was the site of a major salt-mining operation. In 1900, the California Development Company began construction of irrigation canals to divert water from the Colorado River into the Salton Sink, a dry lake bed. After construction of these irrigation canals, the Salton Sink became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556155", "score": "0.9247663", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "occur. However, other factors such as hydrothermal vents, diffusion of salt from minerals and sediment, including concentrated brine, and evaporites are another contributor to salinity, as is the recent lowering of lake levels raising the salinity, though sedimentary records show the lake surface elevation reached levels 10–12 m above world sea level in the 1500s. The temperature of the surface water changes with the seasonally varying air temperature. Winter lows can reach temperatures as low as and summer highs can reach . http://water.ca.gov/LegacyFiles/pubs/conservation/salton_sea_history/history.pdf Salton Sea The Salton Sea is a shallow, saline, endorheic rift lake located directly on the San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556176", "score": "0.92294455", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Saltwater fish", "text": "called estuaries, areas when oceans and rivers meet creating a mixture of salt water and freshwater making a different habitat for different types of fish and creatures to live in. The ocean is home to organisms as large as whales and as small as microscopic marine organisms such as phytoplankton. However, the vast majority of ocean life that humans are exposed to is simple saltwater fish. Saltwater fish can live in the deepest depths of the ocean where no sunlight can penetrate, but they can also live on the surface of the water. Saltwater fish Saltwater fish, also called marine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16822211", "score": "0.9157744", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "the Imperial Valley from the Colorado River led to the idea of the need for a dam on the Colorado River for flood control. The Salton Sea had some success as a resort area, with Salton City, Salton Sea Beach, and Desert Shores, on the western shore and Desert Beach, North Shore, and Bombay Beach, built on the eastern shore in the 1950s. However, many of the settlements substantially shrank in size, or have been abandoned, mostly due to the increasing salinity and pollution of the lake over the years from agricultural runoff and other sources. Many of the species", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556160", "score": "0.9153032", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Quantification Settlement Agreement", "text": "a transfer of water from the Salton Sea. The salinity of the lake has increased substantially, and conservationists argue that this has damaged the surrounding ecosystem. Restoration efforts have been championed by local politicians, as the Salton Sea is prominent for being the largest man-made lake in California. Along with environmentalists and farmers, local journalists have noted the negative effects that the QSA may have on the communities in the Salton Sea vicinity. In an article in the \"Desert Sun\", Colt Stewart notes that \"We are told the price to manage the death or shrinking of the sea is too", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18616846", "score": "0.91221374", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Salton Sea Beach, California", "text": "is surrounded by salt flats which can easily be broken using one's hand. The 2010 United States Census reported that Salton Sea Beach had a population of 422. The population density was 1,400.9 per square mile (540.9/km²). The racial makeup of Salton Sea Beach was 309 (73.2%) White, 6 (1.4%) African American, 4 (0.9%) Native American, 2 (0.5%) Asian, 2 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 82 (19.4%) from other races, and 17 (4.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 229 persons (54.3%). The census reported that 422 people (100% of the population) lived in households and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1095615", "score": "0.903972", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Salton Sea Authority", "text": "water. This newly pumped water will come from two sources, the Alamo River and the current salinated water of the Sea. This mixing of the two types of water will dilute the Sea's salinization levels to create a mixture capable of stabilizing and restoring the bay's natural habitat. The Red Hill Bay project will be used as an example to monitor the amount of time it takes for wildlife and fish to re-establish themselves back into this natural habitat in order to predict the ecological success for future potential Salton Sea restoration projects. Salton Sea Authority The Salton Sea Authority", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9273437", "score": "0.9035132", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Longjaw mudsucker", "text": "They feed on nearly anything they can find in the mud, including small fish such as California killifish, but mostly live on invertebrates, the main choices depending on seasonal availability. Their range extends from Tomales Bay in the north to Bahia Magdalena in the south. A population in the Salton Sea was introduced in 1950, and now thrives there. They are considered good bait fish for freshwater fishing, such as on the Colorado River, because they can be kept alive packed in moist algae, and will not reproduce in fresh water if they happen to escape. Longjaw mudsucker The longjaw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7691960", "score": "0.89901763", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "intermittently as recently as a few hundred years ago. The last of the Pleistocene lakes to occupy the basin was Lake Cahuilla, also periodically identified on older maps as Lake LeConte or the Blake Sea, after American professor and geologist William Phipps Blake. Throughout the Spanish period of California's history, the area was referred to as the \"Colorado Desert\" after the Colorado River. In a railroad survey completed in 1855, it was called \"the Valley of the Ancient Lake\". On several old maps from the Library of Congress, it has been found labeled \"Cahuilla Valley\" (after the local Native American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556154", "score": "0.8972735", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Gulf of California", "text": "fisheries of the southern Gulf. Many marine organisms can only survive within a particular salinity range, which makes salinity a notable factor in determining the types of potentially commercial organisms found in the Gulf of California. The mean annual ranges of salinity of the Sea of Cortez are between 3.5 and 3.58% at the surface. Furthermore, the salinity of the water of the Northern Gulf of California is generally higher than the Central and Southern faunal regions due to the increased amount of evaporation that occurs in that region. Gulf of California The Gulf of California (also known as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1295846", "score": "0.89714515", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Saltwater fish", "text": "Saltwater fish Saltwater fish, also called marine fish, are fish that live in ocean water. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or live in a large group together, called a school of fish. Saltwater fish are very popular among deep sea fishermen and aquariums all over the country. Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten. Fish that live in the ocean can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Herbivores in the ocean eat things such as algae and flowering seagrasses. Many herbivores' diets consist of primarily algae. Most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16822207", "score": "0.8971172", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Salton Sea State Recreation Area", "text": "part of a deficit reduction program, not enacted then. The Recreation Area continues to be open to the public. The Salton Sea Recreation Area is in the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert, in the Lower Colorado River Valley geographic region. The Salton Sea is a stop on a major flyway for migrating birds. Salton Sea State Recreation Area Located on the northeastern side of the Salton Sea, the Salton Sea State Recreation Area offers hunting, fishing, swimming, and camping to visitors. The Salton Sea State Recreation Area is run by the California Department of Parks and Recreation. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5320721", "score": "0.8930162", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "showed, in the Los Angeles area, shaking and thus damage would be more severe for a San Andreas earthquake that propagated along the fault from the south, rather than from the north. Such an earthquake also raises the risk for soil liquefaction in the Imperial Valley region. The effective drainage divide that separates the Salton Sea from the Gulf of California is about in elevation and is located near Delta, northeastern Baja California State, Mexico, south-southeast of Mexicali. Past sea level rise may partially be responsible for the salinity of the lake, while potential future changes in sea levels could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556175", "score": "0.89285725", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Death Valley pupfish", "text": "is 4 times more saline than the ocean, hot water up to , and cold water down to . This species is known from only two locations in Death Valley: Salt Creek (subspecies \"salinus\") at about 49 meters below sea level, and Cottonball Marsh (subspecies \"milleri\"), at about 80 meters below sea level. They are thought to be the remainders of a large ecosystem of fish species that lived in Lake Manly, which dried up at the end of the last ice age leaving the present day Death Valley. The Salt Creek subspecies is also found at River Springs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1832573", "score": "0.8926655", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Salton Sea Beach, California", "text": "age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. In the California State Legislature, Salton Sea Beach is in , and . Federally, Salton Sea Beach is in . Salton Sea Beach, California Salton Sea Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Imperial County, California, located southeast of Desert Shores. The population was 422 at the 2010 census, up from 392 at the 2000 census. It is part of the El Centro, California Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was the location of the Salton Sea Naval Auxiliary Air Station. Salton Sea Beach is located along the western shore of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1095621", "score": "0.892115", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Salton Sea Beach, California", "text": "Salton Sea Beach, California Salton Sea Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Imperial County, California, located southeast of Desert Shores. The population was 422 at the 2010 census, up from 392 at the 2000 census. It is part of the El Centro, California Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was the location of the Salton Sea Naval Auxiliary Air Station. Salton Sea Beach is located along the western shore of the Salton Sea, to the north of Salton City and to the south of Desert Shores along California State Route 86. The Salton Sea has an extremely high salt content and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1095614", "score": "0.88931364", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Salton Sea", "text": "alternately a freshwater lake, an increasingly saline endorheic lake, and a dry desert basin, depending on river flows and the balance between inflow and evaporative loss. A lake exists only during times it is replenished by the rivers and rainfall, a cycle that has repeated many times over hundreds of thousands of years, perhaps cycling every 400 to 500 years. Evidence that the basin was occupied periodically by multiple lakes includes wave-cut shorelines at various elevations preserved on the hillsides of the east and west margins of the present lake, the Salton Sea. These indicate that the basin was occupied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2556153", "score": "0.88541895", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Salton Sea", "long_answer": "Due to the high salinity, very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea. Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution. Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea, including threadfin shad, carp, red shiner, channel catfish, white catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish.", "chunked_long_answer": "Due to the high salinity, very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea. Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution. Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea, including threadfin shad, carp, red shiner, channel catfish, white catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish.", "short_answers": [ "tilapia" ] }

[ "the 2001–2002 season", "2001–2002 season" ]

[ { "title": "Defensive three-second violation", "text": "A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001–2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also known as the 16-foot lane, or colloquially as \"in the paint\") while not actively guarding an opponent. To be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a guarding position. A three-second count is suspended if:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Rules of basketball", "text": "Edwards is generally recognized as the player responsible for the 3 second rule. While the rule was originally adopted to reduce roughness in the area between big men, it is now considered to prevent tall offensive players from gaining an advantage by waiting close to the basket. When the NBA started to allow zone defense in 2001, a three-second rule for defensive players was also introduced. The shot clock was first introduced by the NBA in 1954, to increase the speed of play. Teams were then required to attempt a shot within 24 seconds of gaining possession, and the shot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4803521", "score": "1.2056526", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Defensive three-second violation", "text": "penetration. The Philippine Basketball Association used to follow the illegal defense rule until the 2003 PBA season when it was abolished. The high school game does not use this rule, nor does European basketball. The WNBA started using it in 2013. Defensive three-second violation A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001-2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also called the key, the 16-foot lane, or \"in the paint\")", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7865340", "score": "1.1320534", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Player efficiency rating", "text": "the \"three point foul\" and \"clear path\" rules were both introduced in the 1995–96 season with the effect of increasing the number of free throws, hand-checking (the amount of contact a defender may make with an opposing player) was banned in 1994 and the use of elbows was banned in 1997 (both rules had seen various degrees of limitation by earlier rule changes) although neither was fully implemented until 2004. The 2004 rule changes, which also included calling the defensive 3 second rule (\"[...] a defensive player may not station himself in the key area longer than three seconds\"—a longstanding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4874315", "score": "1.09145", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Defensive three-second violation", "text": "Defensive three-second violation A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001-2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also called the key, the 16-foot lane, or \"in the paint\") while not actively guarding an opponent. To be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a guarding position. A three-second count is suspended if: In addition, a player guarding an opponent with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7865338", "score": "1.0768697", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Third quarterback rule", "text": "Third quarterback rule The third quarterback rule was a rule in the National Football League that governed the use of a third quarterback in addition to the starter and the backup. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season, when the NFL increased the roster size to allow 46 players to dress for a game. The third quarterback did not count towards the team's 45-man active roster. If the third quarterback entered the game at any position during any of the first three quarters, the starter and backup became ineligible to play for the rest of the game; the third", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14048483", "score": "1.0709171", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Defensive three-second violation", "text": "ball may be in the paint without actively guarding the opponent. The team committing a defensive three-second violation is assessed a team technical foul. The offense receives one free throw and retains possession of the ball. Prior to the 1983-1984 NBA season, any form of zone defense was considered an illegal defense violation and resulted in a warning on the first violation and then a technical foul for any subsequent violations. However, the defensive three-second violation makes it difficult for NBA defenses to play zone, since zone defenses usually position a player in the middle of the key to stop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7865339", "score": "1.0500926", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Three seconds rule", "text": "Three seconds rule The three seconds rule (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in the key, with often termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds while their team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. The three-second rule was introduced in 1936 and was expressed as such: no offensive player, with or without the ball, could remain in the key, for three seconds or more. The three-second rule came about in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9052142", "score": "1.0453727", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "3–4 defense", "text": "this is called a \"zone blitz\". After becoming the predominant defensive alignment in the late 1970s-early 1980s, the 3–4 defense declined in popularity over the next two decades, but experienced a resurgence in the 2000s among both professional and college football teams. As of 2018, NFL teams that regularly incorporate the 3–4 defensive alignment scheme as a base include the Green Bay Packers, Los Angeles Rams, Pittsburgh Steelers, Baltimore Ravens, Kansas City Chiefs, New York Giants, New York Jets, Washington Redskins, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans, Houston Texans, and the Chicago Bears, who used the 3–4 as their base defense for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10301038", "score": "1.0410382", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Three seconds rule", "text": "Terjesen and Klein. Something will have to be done or the game will become entirely too rough.\" Three seconds rule The three seconds rule (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in the key, with often termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds while their team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. The three-second rule was introduced in 1936 and was expressed as such: no offensive player, with or without the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9052145", "score": "1.0379995", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Tampa 2", "text": "beat a blocking halfback or fullback, or to assume the coverage zone left by a blitzing cornerback. The Tampa 2 is particularly effective against teams who are playing from behind, because it limits big plays. It forces offenses to be patient and to settle for short gains and time-consuming drives. This may be due to the nature of the \"bend-but-don't-break\" 2-deep zone coverage scheme and responsibilities safeties play in the Tampa 2. When executed properly, the Tampa 2 defense is difficult to beat, a reason for its longevity, having seen no fundamental changes since first introduced in 1996. Teams that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6817412", "score": "1.0334718", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Offside (field hockey)", "text": "clubs in the London area. Offside was then applied to attacking players from the half-way line only. The 1886 offside rule remained unchanged until 1972, when offside was changed from 3 to 2 defenders. In 1987, the offside was amended to apply only in the 25 yards area. After various amendments, the offside rule was finally repealed. \"No offside\" was introduced as a mandatory experiment in 1990 and it was confirmed as a rule in 1992 by the Hockey Rules Board. The aims of this change were: New tactics were developed by many teams to exploit this new rule. Offside", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9060399", "score": "1.0211873", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Third quarterback rule", "text": "position or forfeit the game. Brian Mitchell, a running back who played quarterback in college, completed the game in the quarterback position. The Redskins lost to the Eagles, 28-14. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season. There is now no third quarterback exception and the active roster has been increased from 45 to 46. In the 2010 NFC Championship Game between the Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears, the rule was triggered with 57 seconds left in the third quarter. The Bears' starting quarterback, Jay Cutler, suffered from an MCL sprain just after halftime. His replacement, Todd Collins, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14048486", "score": "1.0148661", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Uncaught third strike", "text": "strike. Little League Major Division Softball and many other youth baseball leagues (such as the USSSA) also follow the rule. Following a controversial play involving this rule in the ninth inning of Game 2 of the 2005 American League Championship Series, the application of the rule was changed when a comment was added in 2006 to Rule 6.09(b) (After rule numbering changes, Rule 5.09(a)(2) Comment): Rule 5.09(a)(2) Comment: A batter who does not realize his situation on a third strike not caught, and who is not in the process of running to first base, shall be declared out once he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6225944", "score": "1.0080488", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2–3 zone defense", "text": "2–3 zone defense The 2–3 zone defense is a defensive strategy used in basketball as an alternative to man-to-man defense. It is referred to as the 2–3 because of its formation on the court, which consists of two players at the front of the defense (and closer to half court) and three players behind (and closer to the team's basket). In 1914, Eli Camden \"Cam\" Henderson's Bristol High School first used a 3-2 zone defense against Clair Bee's team, Grafton YMCA, in West Virginia. The zone defense was used because the gym floor was made of green pine and it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13155059", "score": "1.007968", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "3–4 defense", "text": "the first time in 2015. The Philadelphia Eagles ran the 3–4 from 2013 to 2015 but switched back to the 4–3 for the 2016 season. The New England Patriots returned to a 4–3 defensive front at the end of the 2011 season. The Cleveland Browns used the 3–4 in 2016, but returned to the 4–3 in 2017 under new defensive coordinator Gregg Williams. In 2018, the Detroit Lions switched to hybrid 3-4, 4-3 defensive front now that former Patriots defensive coordinator Matt Patricia has taken over as head coach. New Rams head coach Sean McVay hired Wade Phillips as defensive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10301039", "score": "1.0039674", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kent McCloughan", "text": "by later Oakland cornerbacks, such as Lester Hayes. The strategy appeared so successful in the eyes of NFL rule-makers that, to help the offense, the rules were changed in 1974, 1977, and 1978, with each rule change favoring the receiver over the defender (see Penalty (American football).) In 1974, the most severe rule change regarding pass receivers and defenders was enacted. This rule stipulated that a player could only make contact one time beyond 3 yards of the line of scrimmage. In 1977, the rule was amended to aid the pass receivers yet again. Starting that season, a defender could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9975284", "score": "1.0030444", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Technical foul", "text": "the illegal defense rule to the \"defensive 3-second rule,\" which prohibits a defender from being in the shooting lane for three seconds, unless guarding an opponent within arm's reach (or the man with the ball, regardless of distance). The penalty is the same as it was for an illegal defense, except that no warning is issued. The WNBA implemented this rule in 2013. Additionally, home teams can be assessed technical fouls resulting from their partisans' misconduct for excessive use of artificial noise, the playing of music by their band, or for dangerous offenses such as throwing items (particularly ice or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3480989", "score": "0.99704534", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "3–3–5 defense", "text": "dropping into coverage, pressuring the quarterback, or coming up in run support as a \"Mike\" linebacker would in a 3-4 alignment. 3–3–5 defense In American football, the 3–3–5 defense is a defensive alignment consisting of three down linemen, three linebackers, and five defensive backs. The 3–3–5 defense can also be referred to as the 3-3 stack and the Spread Defense. It is one form of the nickel defense, a generic term for a formation with five defensive backs. Veteran college football defensive coordinator Joe Lee Dunn is widely credited with being the main innovator of the 3-3-5 scheme. This alignment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11393940", "score": "0.9951151", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "4–3 defense", "text": "linebackers to make a play. The second defensive tackle (simply referred to as the defensive tackle, under tackle or three tech) is generally a bit quicker and faster than the nose tackle, ideally weighing close to but quick-footed enough to shoot through a gap at the snap. He plays a three technique, meaning he lines up on the outside shoulder of the strong side offensive guard. The job of a three tech is to prevent the run, keep the guard off linebackers, and rush the quarterback on pass plays. The defensive end's primary role in the 4–3 defense is to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10818827", "score": "0.99176323", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Two-point conversion", "text": "2016, the owners adopted a proposal called the 2 point fair play rule. This prevents a defense from getting a turnover during a 2 point conversion and then purposefully committing a “free” penalty to increase a chance at a 2 point return. If the defense is able to gain a takeaway and then commits a penalty, the opposing coach will have the option to accept the penalty and skip the kickoff. It has not yet been used in the NFL, but a similar rule has been used on two occasions in the CFL. Stephone Anthony of the New Orleans Saints", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13611310", "score": "0.9905735", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "3–4 defense", "text": "3–4 defense is the primary reason why many NFL teams have started returning to the formation. The New York Giants after a long time running the 4-3 defensive front will return to a 3-4 with the hiring of James Bettcher as their defensive coordinator. Olivier Vernon will move from defensive end to outside linebacker. With the hiring of Steve Wilks as Head Coach, the Arizona Cardinals are going to use a 4-3 base defense, but will keep elements of the 3-4. Same with the Indianapolis Colts, who hired Matt Eberflus as their defensive coordinator from Dallas to return them to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10301041", "score": "0.985837", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2–3 zone defense", "text": "example, if a player with the ball stood on the right wing (beyond the three point arc), defensive players 1 and 2 would shift towards that direction. To effectively operate the 2–3 zone, a defense must move as a whole. In this case, that would mean every defensive player shifting around 5 to 6 feet in the direction of the right wing and the player with the ball. Similarly, if that player moved to the right corner, the 4 player would move to guard him and the rest of the defense would shift towards that direction. So much so, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13155063", "score": "0.9817718", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2–3 zone defense", "text": "coach Jim Boeheim led his team to an NCAA Tournament championship playing the 2-3 zone, which has become Boeheim's trademark. The widespread use of the 2–3 zone is likely due to its somewhat intuitive operation. The two players on the top of the zone are usually a team's guards, and they guard the zones closest to them on the perimeter and three-point arc. In the same way, a team's forwards guard the sides of the zone and its center guards the lane and center of the defense. As the opposing team moves with the basketball around the court, the \"zone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13155061", "score": "0.9807873", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "3–3–5 defense", "text": "3–3–5 defense In American football, the 3–3–5 defense is a defensive alignment consisting of three down linemen, three linebackers, and five defensive backs. The 3–3–5 defense can also be referred to as the 3-3 stack and the Spread Defense. It is one form of the nickel defense, a generic term for a formation with five defensive backs. Veteran college football defensive coordinator Joe Lee Dunn is widely credited with being the main innovator of the 3-3-5 scheme. This alignment is generally used when the defense is trying to confuse the offense by applying different blitz pressures on the offense while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11393936", "score": "0.97743016", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Records for safeties in football", "text": "a rule stating that if a team commits multiple fouls on the same down with the intent of manipulating the game clock, the team will be penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct and the game clock will be reset in response to this incident. Under NFL overtime rules first adopted in 1974, the first team to possess the ball in overtime wins immediately if they score a touchdown, and the team that kicks off to them at the beginning of overtime wins immediately if they score a safety. There have been only three walkoff safety wins in overtime in NFL", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16905590", "score": "0.9754785", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "5–2 defense", "text": "offensive tackles, they could then key on the offensive guards. This account dates the first use of the Oklahoma to 1949. Bud Wilkinson himself has said the defense evolved from the 7–2–2 defense that was still in use in college football in the 1930s. The ends of the 7–2 fell off and assumed more of a linebacker technique. The 5–2 Oklahoma, with defensive ends given the ability to drop back into pass coverage, is indistinguishable from the pro 3–4 defense. It should not come as a surprise then that coaches from Oklahoma (Chuck Fairbanks with the New England Patriots) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13510853", "score": "0.971426", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Uncaught third strike", "text": "leaves the dirt circle surrounding home plate. This comment represents the official interpretation of the application of the rule. Prior to this rule change, a batter was able to try for first at any time before entering the dugout. The new rule would not have affected the controversial play referenced above, as the batter had not left the dirt circle. Uncaught third strike In baseball and softball, an uncaught third strike (sometimes referred to as dropped third strike or non-caught third strike) occurs when the catcher fails to cleanly catch a pitch for the third strike. In Major League Baseball,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6225945", "score": "0.97133744", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "46 defense", "text": "to the \"46\" defense. Up front, teams still use the concept of the \"T-N-T\" alignment, where two defensive ends are covering (lined up directly across from) the guards, and a nose tackle is covering the center. In the case of a zone-blocking scheme, this makes it difficult for the offensive linemen to reach any of the linebackers on the second level. This is where defensive players would line up against a normal Pro Set offense. When three or more receivers are used by the offense, the defense makes what is called a jayhawk adjustment. The charlie linebacker will step back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4965418", "score": "0.96961254", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Isaac Curtis", "text": "defenses, including the Steelers, started doing the same thing to stop Curtis. Paul Brown wanted the rule changed, telling the NFL Competition Committee, \"What good is it for us to have performers, if they aren't allowed to perform.\" \"The Isaac Curtis Rule\" states that a defender is allowed to block a receiver within five yards of the line of scrimmage. After the initial yards, any contact will be considered holding, which is a five-yard penalty and an automatic first down. \"He changed the game,\" said former Bengals teammate and wide receiver Cris Collinsworth. \"There's no question because no one could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6814873", "score": "0.9695343", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Defensive three-second violation", "long_answer": "A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001–2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also known as the 16-foot lane, or colloquially as \"in the paint\") while not actively guarding an opponent. To be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a guarding position. A three-second count is suspended if:", "chunked_long_answer": "A defensive three-second violation, also known as illegal defense, is a basketball rules infraction in the National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced in the 2001–2002 season. It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also known as the 16-foot lane, or colloquially as \"in the paint\") while not actively guarding an opponent. To be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a guarding position. A three-second count is suspended if:", "short_answers": [ "2001–2002 season", "the 2001–2002 season" ] }

[ "1994" ]

[ { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama Law & Order. He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on the show (16 seasons), after Lt. Anita Van Buren (17 seasons; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson). He appeared in 368 episodes of Law & Order, four episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, two episodes of Law & Order: Trial by Jury, two episodes of Homicide: Life on the Street, and the made-for-TV movie Exiled.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "it resulted in him being declared a \"Living Landmark\" by the New York Landmarks Conservancy, along with fellow longtime series cast member Jerry Orbach (who portrayed the popular police detective Lennie Briscoe for 12 years). Jack McCoy brings 24 years of experience with him as he is appointed Executive Assistant District Attorney by Adam Schiff (Steven Hill) in the season five premiere episode \"Second Opinion\". He quickly establishes himself as a more unconventional, ruthless litigator than his predecessor, Ben Stone (Michael Moriarty). He often bends—and sometimes breaks—trial rules to get convictions, finds tenuous rationales for charging defendants with crimes when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092107", "score": "1.1230438", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Law & Order", "text": "for Ben Stone involved him resigning over guilt after a woman he compelled to testify against a Russian mobster was murdered by his cohorts. To replace Moriarty, Sam Waterston was Wolf's first choice for the role of Executive Assistant District Attorney John J. \"Jack\" McCoy Jr.; Waterston's character was markedly different from Moriarty's in that Jack McCoy was conceived as more emotionally stable and having more sex appeal. Wolf dismissed Noth when his contract expired at the end of Season 5, because he felt that Lennie Briscoe and Mike Logan had become too similar to each other and the writers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1483921", "score": "1.1124884", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "election; he serves as DA for the remainder of this final season of \"Law & Order\". While he is a brilliant legal mind, McCoy has more than a few personal demons. He was abused by his father, an Irish Chicago policeman who had also beat Jack's mother, and who eventually died of cancer. McCoy says that his determination and unyielding work ethic are a byproduct of having been harshly punished by his father for losing at anything. He also revealed that his father was a racist who once hit him for dating a Polish girl. McCoy disliked his father, calling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092113", "score": "1.1058999", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "the end of the episode, McCoy says that he lost his faith after the death of a childhood friend. McCoy's unconventional and sometimes ruthless professional conduct has put his job in jeopardy more than once throughout the series. Some of the more serious occurrences are: McCoy has appeared in four episodes of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"; however, he is often referred to in the series, and his actions affect the ADAs working with the Special Victims Unit. \"Entertainment Weekly\" television critic Ken Tucker has praised \"Law & Order\"s creator Dick Wolf for putting McCoy at the center of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092127", "score": "1.0998923", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "He has subsequently developed a reputation with both colleagues and rival attorneys, once being referred to as \"the top of the legal food chain\" by a rival attorney during a trial. Following the 17th season (2006–2007), Jack McCoy was appointed interim district attorney, taking over from Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson). McCoy's appearance on \"\" on the November 13, 2007, episode \"Blinded\", marked his first appearance in the \"Law & Order\" universe as district attorney. The replacement for his former position is Michael Cutter (Linus Roache), a prosecutor with a penchant for recklessness not unlike McCoy's own in his younger days.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092109", "score": "1.0831903", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Michael Moriarty", "text": "Hollywood trade magazine, calling upon fellow artists to stand up with him against attempts to censor TV show content. He subsequently wrote and published \"The Gift of Stern Angels\", his account of this time in his life. The character of Ben Stone has yet to reappear on the franchise. The February 7, 2018, episode of \"\" opens with Sam Waterston's character of Jack McCoy delivering a eulogy at Ben Stone's funeral. Wolf and others working on \"Law & Order\" tell a different story, however. On November 18, 1993, Moriarty and Wolf, along with other television executives, met with Reno to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3623940", "score": "1.0585971", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Law & Order (season 18)", "text": "\"\", returned to \"Law & Order\" this season as executive producer. In May 2007, cast member Fred Thompson departed the series to return to politics, with reports saying he would seek the Republican nomination for the 2008 U.S. presidential election. His character, District Attorney Arthur Branch, was replaced in that function by Sam Waterston's Jack McCoy, with McCoy being promoted to Branch's vacant seat after serving as Executive Assistant District Attorney since the resignation of his predecessor Benjamin Stone. Since this move required that a new character be added to the series, the writers created the role of EADA Michael", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11073998", "score": "1.0169268", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "Shalvoy is involved in a prostitution scandal that is tied to a murder case he is prosecuting. Angered and disappointed, McCoy orders Cutter to start investigating Shalvoy, who retaliates by lending his support to McCoy's opponent in the election. In the last episode of season 19, \"The Drowned and the Saved\", Cutter uncovers evidence that Shalvoy tried to buy a Senate seat for his wife, and threatens him with public disgrace unless he resigns. McCoy's opponent suddenly has no patron, giving McCoy good prospects for victory. In the opening episode of season 20, McCoy was revealed to have won the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092112", "score": "1.0042928", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Joe Fontana (Law & Order)", "text": "also mentions he had problems with his former boss, hoping he will eventually warm up to Van Buren. On several occasions, his unabashed style also creates conflicts with Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy. He never married, claiming that he was too old. In 1995, he started a two-year investigation into the murder of 12-year-old Sara Dolan. Convinced that her father was involved, Fontana does not let go of the case until another murderer confesses to the crime. Fontana questioned his original judgment after extensive investigation, leading to the actual killer being convicted after Mr. Dolan testifies in court. Publicly,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6135991", "score": "0.994554", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Michael Cutter", "text": "following the appointment of his predecessor Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) to the New York County District Attorney seat vacated by Arthur Branch (Fred Dalton Thompson). He works closely with Connie Rubirosa (Alana de la Garza), the Assistant District Attorney who had previously aided McCoy. Because of this, he has occasionally discussed McCoy with her—usually with complaints—in an attempt to understand his new boss. As evidenced by his first appearance, he is familiar with former District Attorney Arthur Branch, having apparently been in Branch's office on at least one occasion. In the episode \"Executioner\", he reveals that he supports the death", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10772250", "score": "0.9873556", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "opposed to the Iraq War. Unlike his predecessor Ben Stone (Michael Moriarty), McCoy embraces the option of the death penalty, claiming it is a suitable punishment for particularly heinous crimes and a useful threat in plea bargaining. This often leads to heated arguments with his more liberal colleagues. In \"Savages\", when the death penalty has just been restored in New York following the election of Governor George Pataki, Kincaid asks McCoy about the probability of executing an innocent individual. McCoy responds that, with the lengthy prosecution process and opportunities for the defendant to appeal the verdict, the probability of wrongful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092122", "score": "0.98062015", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "to his uncle, a priest. When the confession tape is labeled privileged, McCoy ignores the bishop's request to preserve the sacrament of reconciliation and instead tries to use the tape as evidence. When Detective Rey Curtis (Benjamin Bratt) tries to dissuade McCoy from doing so, reminding him that he is a Catholic, McCoy responds, \"Not when I'm at work.\" When a man is accused of killing a drug dealer who killed the man's son, a priest (Denis O'Hare) confesses to the crime. Though McCoy personally believes that the priest is covering for the man, he prosecutes the priest, instead. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092126", "score": "0.9772896", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "murder case where the motive was racism against illegal immigrants of Hispanic descent. In the episode \"Skate or Die\", the place where his final campaign fundraiser would be held is discovered by the organizers to be owned by a man who served a 20-year prison sentence for racketeering. Eventually, the final campaign fundraiser is held at a Chinese seafood restaurant with a kosher section. McCoy was hand-picked for the interim DA position by Governor Donald Shalvoy (Tom Everett Scott), and the two initially have a friendly, productive working relationship. By the end of the 18th season, however, McCoy discovers that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092111", "score": "0.9765539", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "execution is unlikely. Kincaid asks McCoy if he is able to accept the probability of \"unlikely\"; his hesitation indicates that he has never considered the possibility. In later seasons, his view towards the death penalty has apparently changed: in season 18's \"Executioner\", he is deeply troubled hearing of a gruesomely botched execution in South Carolina, and in season 20's \"Four Cops Shot\", he resists efforts by a U.S. attorney to prosecute a suspect in the murder of a police officer under a federal death penalty statute. He has shown mercy on occasion, such as the 1997 episode \"Burned\" in which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092123", "score": "0.97196805", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 5)", "text": "Kirk portrays Chief of Detective's Yarrow until the end of the season; he comes in after Logan shoots undercover Officer Tarkmen and Captain Deakins (Jamey Sheridan) is accused of trying to promote Tarkmen to clear Logan. In the episode \"On Fire\", Michael Rispoli guest stars as Frank Adair, who is in prison after murdering two people. After Goren and Eames discover Deakins was set up by friends of Adair, Deakins confronts Adair about it. Adair denies any involvement. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 5) The fifth season of \"\" premiered on NBC on September 25, 2005, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14176227", "score": "0.9694501", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Adam Schiff (Law & Order)", "text": "out. He is also pro-choice. While he is often stern and unforgiving in his professional conduct, he has amicable relationships with his assistants. He is closest to Benjamin Stone (Michael Moriarty), and is saddened to see him resign when a witness he is trying to protect is murdered. His relationship with Stone's successor, Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston), is more problematic, as McCoy is more ruthless and unconventional, and his habitual bending of trial rules occasionally garners Schiff bad publicity. However, the two eventually grow to like and respect each other. He has many friends among New York's elite, including powerful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5617246", "score": "0.9671663", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "This occasionally presents political difficulties for the new district attorney. More than once, McCoy berates Cutter for reckless conduct, in the same manner as he was berated by district attorneys when he was executive assistant district attorney. In the season 19 episode \"Lucky Stiff\", McCoy begins his election campaign for New York County District Attorney after serving the last season and a half as interim DA. In the season-19 episode \"Promote This\", in 1991 his wife Ellen (whom he was divorcing) is revealed to have unknowingly employed an undocumented immigrant as a nanny. This causes McCoy political havoc during a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092110", "score": "0.9667643", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "the original charges fail to stick, and charges innocent people to frighten them into testifying against others. McCoy is found in contempt of court 80 times for such behavior, and his tactics occasionally incur negative publicity for the DA's office. His underlying motivation, however, is not, he maintains, corruption, but a sincere desire to see justice done. To that end, McCoy has gone after defendants accused of perverting the justice system to arrange wrongful convictions with just as much determination as his more mundane cases. Such aggressive actions in the courts have earned him the nickname \"Hang 'em High McCoy\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092108", "score": "0.960943", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "episode, though he has won the case, McCoy is so troubled that he does not even want to share an elevator with Kincaid. While McCoy was not exactly a part of the 1960s counterculture, he did protest against the policies of the Richard Nixon administration, particularly the Vietnam War. In 1972, he published an article in the \"New York University Law Review\" in defense of Catholic priests who had been opposed to the conflict. He does retain some of the wild streak from his youth; he is a fan of The Clash and he rides a Yamaha motorcycle. He is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092121", "score": "0.9602319", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 9)", "text": "\"Blinded\" commented on the Kennedy v. Louisiana debate about punishing child rape with the death penalty. Sam Waterston made an appearance as his \"Law & Order\" character, DA Jack McCoy. Since the eighteenth season of \"Law & Order\" had yet to air at this point, this was the first time that Jack McCoy appeared as the DA rather than an EADA. The episode \"Fight\" featured guest appearances by UFC fighters Forrest Griffin and Renzo Gracie. Nicole \"Coco\" Austin also appeared and had a scene with her husband Ice-T. This marked their first acting appearance together even though Coco had appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10903031", "score": "0.9541919", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "he prosecutes a boy with bipolar disorder for murdering his sister. The boy's grandfather (Robert Vaughn), a wealthy CEO (and good friend of Schiff's) who also proved to suffer from the disorder, had attempted to get his grandson to plead guilty and go to jail rather than plead insanity and be committed to a mental institution, fearing that a public revelation of the boy's illness would provide enough evidence to reveal his own illness and affect his reputation. McCoy leads the effort to prevent an unjust punishment for the boy. Similarly, in season seven's \"Deadbeat\", he declines to prosecute a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092124", "score": "0.9518455", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "having an affair, with the relationship eventually confirmed in the season-9 episode \"Sideshow\", long after the Kincaid character had exited the show. Kincaid is killed in a car accident, a source of ongoing pain for McCoy; her death is implied to be the motivation for his legally questionable prosecution of an alcoholic who has killed several people while driving under the influence. Defense attorneys have used his sexual history against him. Since Kincaid's death, McCoy has kept his relationships with assistants professional, albeit friendly. McCoy's affairs with his ADAs have often had explosive consequences. For instance, his former ADA Diana", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092118", "score": "0.9508221", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Michael Cutter", "text": "has to be calmed by Sergeant John Munch (Richard Belzer) when Cutter asks him a question about the legality of their arrest. Cutter is last seen in the episode \"Father's Shadow\", in which he prosecutes a reality show producer for raping an aspiring actress. Roache describes his character as follows: \"Sometimes he's a little dangerous; he's not necessarily a comfortable kind of guy.\" (...) \"He cares about justice ... but he sometimes takes these leaps out-of-the-box and is kind of non-linear.\" Like his predecessor, Jack McCoy, Cutter is dogged in his pursuit of justice. Also, he appears willing to bend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10772255", "score": "0.94988215", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Michael Winkelman", "text": "Pincus and directed by Hy Averback, with Richard Crenna later assuming some directing duties. Winkelman did not appear on \"The Real McCoys,\" after the February 1, 1962 episode, \"The Law and Mr. McCoy, in which the Walter Brennan character is arrested and jailed for burning trash and decides to tackle City Hall as a result. In the series' last season on CBS, Lydia Reed as Hassie McCoy, and Tony Martinez as farmhand Pepino Garcia, all appeared less frequently than they had in the first years on ABC. Subsequently, Winkelman found few acting jobs and entered the United States Navy during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15859403", "score": "0.94350266", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)", "text": "press release for the episode to appear as his \"Law & Order\" character Jack McCoy, he was only mentioned. Though on April 28 he made an appearance when Sharon Stone's character Jo Marlowe \"makes a major faux pas\". This marked the first time Waterston appeared in the SVU squad room. Diora Baird portrayed a rape victim whose assault was witnessed by an illegal immigrant, who was reluctant to testify who herself was a victim of unspeakable war crimes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo she was portrayed by Saidah Arrika Ekulona, in the episode \"Witness\". Jill Scott, Lisa Arrindell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13476266", "score": "0.9366302", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jack McCoy", "text": "Hawthorne (Laila Robins), with whom he had a sexual relationship, was found to have suppressed evidence so they could win a case, resulting in an innocent man going to prison. During her trial for intentionally engineering the wrongful convictions, Hawthorne claims that the convictions earned McCoy a promotion he was seeking. Ironically, in the same trial, during which McCoy is forced to admit he was having an affair with Hawthorne, he is being represented by Kincaid, with whom he is presently having an affair. In \"House Counsel\", McCoy tries to prosecute a mobster for bribing and murdering a juror. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092119", "score": "0.9363915", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lennie Briscoe", "text": "Orbach's death. He appears in 282 episodes (273 episodes of \"Law & Order\", two episodes of \"Law & Order: Trial by Jury\", one episode of \"\", three episodes of \"\", and three episodes of \"\"), the TV movie \"\" and the \"Law & Order\" video games \"\", \"\", \"\" and \"\". Orbach's performance as Briscoe on the New York-based series was so popular that it resulted in him being declared a \"Living Landmark\" by the New York Landmarks Conservancy, along with fellow longtime series cast member Sam Waterston (who portrayed the prosecutor Jack McCoy on the show). Lennie Briscoe is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4613487", "score": "0.93603253", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Nora Lewin", "text": "and wished to move on to other projects. In her first scene, Lewin is introduced to McCoy by Mayor Rudy Giuliani (playing himself in a cameo appearance), who praises Lewin's record and assures her that she will do a fine job as District Attorney. Nora Lewin Nora Lewin is a fictional character on the TV show \"Law & Order\", played by two-time Academy Award winning actress Dianne Wiest from 2000 to 2002. She appeared in 51 episodes (48 episodes of \"Law & Order\", one episode of \"\" and two episodes of \"\"). Her character was particularly notable for the fact", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5606863", "score": "0.93580216", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Jamie Ross (Law & Order)", "text": "District Attorney, replacing Claire Kincaid (Jill Hennessy), who had been killed in a car accident in the previous episode. She initially has a rocky relationship with her superior Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) because his penchant for bending trial rules goes against her liberal idealism and sense of legal ethics. While the two never see perfectly eye-to-eye, they eventually grow to be close friends. During the 1997-98 season, Ross's personal and professional life is thrown into disarray by a custody battle with her ex-husband, Neil Gorton (Keith Szarabajka), over their daughter Katie. For the next year, the brutal litigation against her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5552121", "score": "0.93243754", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Jack McCoy", "long_answer": "John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama Law & Order. He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on the show (16 seasons), after Lt. Anita Van Buren (17 seasons; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson). He appeared in 368 episodes of Law & Order, four episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, two episodes of Law & Order: Trial by Jury, two episodes of Homicide: Life on the Street, and the made-for-TV movie Exiled.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama Law & Order. He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on the show (16 seasons), after Lt. Anita Van Buren (17 seasons; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson). He appeared in 368 episodes of Law & Order, four episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, two episodes of Law & Order: Trial by Jury, two episodes of Homicide: Life on the Street, and the made-for-TV movie Exiled.", "short_answers": [ "1994" ] }

[ "DJ Lance Rock", "Gooble", "Brobee", "Foofa", "Muno", "Plex", "Toodee" ]

[ { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "Hosted by a character named DJ Lance Rock, the series featured a mix of live-action segments featuring cartoonish costumed characters—Muno (the red cyclops), Foofa (the pink flower bubble), Brobee (a little hairy green monster), Toodee (the blue cat-dragon) and Plex (the magic yellow robot)—and many short animated sketches and musical numbers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "models of the characters that appeared at the beginning and end of each show were made by Kidrobot. \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" was developed by two Southern California fathers, Christian Jacobs and Scott Schultz, who first started working together as teenagers, producing and directing skateboarding videos. Their goal was to design a kids' show that was entertaining while featuring real artists and real performers. Both had no previous experience writing for television, let alone children's broadcasting or education. In developing the show they took inspiration from a number of sources including \"Sesame Street\", \"The Electric Company\", \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874330", "score": "1.2049719", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "noted for its indie-culture guest stars and bands, and for drawing visual inspiration from 8-bit video games and \"H.R. Pufnstuf\", among other television shows. Created by Christian Jacobs (lead singer of the Aquabats) and Scott Schultz, the show's learning process has parents, older siblings, and younger kids watch the show together rather than letting it act as a babysitter.. The television program has spawned a touring live stage show, various toys and branded clothing. Trademarks relating to \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" and its characters are held by GabbaCaDabra, LLC. in partnership with The Magic Store and WildBrain. Hosted by a character", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874327", "score": "1.1299788", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Christian Jacobs", "text": "Christian Jacobs Christian Richards Jacobs (born January 11, 1972) is an American musician, television producer, voice actor and former child actor. He is perhaps most recognized as the co-creator of the award-winning Nick Jr. children's television series \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", on which he additionally serves as a writer, director, composer and voice actor. Under the stage persona of The MC Bat Commander, Jacobs is also well known for his work as lead singer for the Orange County rock band The Aquabats, which he co-founded in 1994. In addition to his musical work with the band, Jacobs also portrayed the character", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6671531", "score": "1.1003617", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Paul Scheer", "text": "and Jack McBrayer made semi-regular appearances on the Nick Jr. series \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", during a segment called \"Knock Knock Joke of the Day\". Scheer and McBrayer were featured as themselves in the \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" comic book, and made appearances on the \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" live tour. In 2012, Scheer appeared as a villainous Cowboy Android in an episode of \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\", another series from the creators of \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" In 2006, \"Variety\" named Scheer one of the \"Top 10 Comics to Watch\" and \"Alternative Press\" hailed him as one of their favorite comedians. Scheer and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5698986", "score": "1.0874951", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "Sid and Marty Krofft puppet shows \"Banana Splits\" and \"H. R. Pufnstuf\". In 1999, after becoming parents, Jacobs and Schultz started playing around with ideas for children's television and produced a pilot independently financed by small loans from friends and family. \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" did not get much attention until it started circulating on the Internet. Jared Hess, the director of \"Napoleon Dynamite\" and \"Nacho Libre\", he saw the pilot online and recommended it to Brown Johnson, the executive vice president and executive creative director of Nickelodeon Preschool. \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" premiered on Nickelodeon on August 20, 2007. The show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874331", "score": "1.076771", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "was produced by The Magic Store and Wild Brain. \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" airs on the Nick Jr. cable network in the United States and the Nick Jr. networks in the United Kingdom & Ireland, Italy, France and Australia as well as Treehouse TV network in Canada, Disney Junior in Latin America and RTE2 on RTÉjr in Ireland. The series premiered August 20, 2007 on Nickelodeon as part of its Nick Jr. block, and began broadcasting in reruns from February 23, 2008 to November 30, 2016 on the Nick Jr. TV channel. The show was not renewed for a fifth season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874332", "score": "1.0700475", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Yo Yogi!", "text": "Muttley would cause trouble for Yogi and his gang. But Roxey Bear, a teenager, was causing trouble with Dickie Dastardly and she was Cindy's rival and Yogi's competitor. The characters were never seen at home or school. Some of Yogi's other pals like Top Cat, Secret Squirrel, Morocco Mole, Hardy Har Har, Squiddly Diddly and Wally Gator were also featured as young children. Other Hanna-Barbera characters are still in adult form: Hokey Wolf is the Mayor of Jellystone Town and Ding-A-Ling Wolf briefly appeared as his photographer, Loopy De Loop works at the Jellystone Mall's Picnic Basket Food Court, Atom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5384915", "score": "1.0428977", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "after the first season) that are connected to each other as a plot. They involve DJ Lance and the gabbas doing an activity. After each main segment, a short clip is shown that shows a kid dancing around. The kid says his or her name, followed by \"I like to dance!\". Between the main segments, there is another segment called \"The Super Music Friends Show\", which features a performance by a band about the episode's topic. Other small segments include \"Mark's Magic Pictures\" and \"Biz's Beat of the Day\". Near the end of each episode, DJ Lance and the gabbas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874334", "score": "1.038062", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "2008, the \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" production team won a BAFTA Children's Award, International. The show has also become popular among some college-age young adults because of the artists often featured. Due to the show's popularity amongst both adults and children, they performed at Coachella 2010 as special guests. Their live touring show also won a Creative Content Award at the 2010 Billboard Touring Awards. The Television Critics Association Awards have nominated Yo Gabba Gabba! for Outstanding Achievement in Children's/Youth Programing. The years include 2008-2012. Yo Gabba Gabba! won for the year 2009 and 2010. In February 2013, Yo Gabba Gabba!", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874338", "score": "1.0351855", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera", "text": "\"Heidi's Song\", an animated theatrical feature that was currently in production at the time, which would see release five years later in 1982. The special spotlights several animated characters as The Flintstones, Ruff and Reddy, Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Quick Draw McGraw, Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, Tom and Jerry and many others, as well as feature-length pieces including \"Jack and the Beanstalk\" (1967), \"Charlotte's Web\" (1973) and \"Cyrano\" (1974). It also includes film clips in which the duo pioneered the technique of mixing animation with live-action such as Gene Kelly dancing with Jerry Mouse in \"Anchors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19450518", "score": "1.0307976", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Yo Leela Leela", "text": "Yo Leela Leela \"Yo Leela Leela\" is the twenty-first episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom \"Futurama\". It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on July 21, 2011. The title is a reference to the Nickelodeon kids' show \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\". The show is also parodied within the episode: Leela's show is similar, featuring people dressed up in fanciful costumes as its main characters. Leela visits the Cookieville Orphanarium for a storytelling session with the children there, but fails to make up a good story for the orphans. Hoping to come up with a better story,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15530559", "score": "1.0250487", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "(20 episodes) of the show were made available for streaming on the Noggin video subscription service. The remaining three seasons (46 episodes) will be launched soon. On April 30, 2008 the television show received a Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design/Styling. The show has been nominated for a Daytime Emmy in both 2008 and 2009 for Best Costume Design. \"Time\" magazine's James Poniewozik, who said the show \"will convince you someone slipped something into your Fruity Pebbles\" named \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" one of the Top 10 new TV series of 2007, ranking it at #8. In November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874337", "score": "1.0145378", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Yo Yogi!", "text": "Paul Frees before this series began. Taking place in Jellystone Town, it features Yogi Bear and the other popular Hanna-Barbera characters including his friends Boo-Boo Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, and Yogi's girlfriend Cindy Bear depicted as 14-year-old crime fighters. The gang hung out at Jellystone Mall owned by \"Diamond\" Doggie Daddy with Augie Doggie as his heir to the mall business. Yogi and the gang work at an agency called L.A.F. (short for Lost and Found) where they act as detectives trying to solve mysteries under the supervision of the mall's security guard Officer Smith. Dickie Dastardly and his sidekick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5384914", "score": "1.0128461", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Christian Jacobs", "text": "series was picked up by Viacoms Nick Jr. channel in 2007, eventually becoming an international success and winning numerous television awards. \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" has since completed four seasons. Christian Jacobs is an avid surfer, skateboarder, Japanese toy collector and artist. He lives in Huntington Beach, California, with his wife and four children. The following list is of awards Christian Jacobs has been personally nominated for: Christian Jacobs Christian Richards Jacobs (born January 11, 1972) is an American musician, television producer, voice actor and former child actor. He is perhaps most recognized as the co-creator of the award-winning Nick Jr.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6671538", "score": "1.0102401", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "text": "State, MGMT, Jack Black, Tony Hawk, Elijah Wood, Peter Bjorn and John, Trunk Boiz, The Shins, The Aggrolites, The Flaming Lips, Mýa, Biz Markie, Blitzen Trapper, The Ting Tings, Money Mark, Mariachi El Bronx, \"Weird Al\" Yankovic, Erykah Badu, The Wiggles, and Lil Wayne. Other non-musical celebrity guests to have appeared include Jason Bateman, Andy Samberg, Sarah Silverman, Laila Ali, Bill Hader, and Anthony Bourdain. Among the varied animation sequences during the show was \"Super Martian Robot Girl\", designed by indie cartoonists Evan Dorkin and Sarah Dyer; the title character of that segment was voiced by Ariela Barer. The toy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874329", "score": "1.0083859", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Scott Schultz (producer)", "text": "for their preschooler television series \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\". The series was picked up by Nick Jr. in 2007 and found enormous popularity, with Schultz earning nominations for several Daytime Emmys for art direction and costume design. As of 2012, he is also the co-creator and executive producer of \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\". As a musician, Schultz began playing guitar in a shoegaze group with Jacobs called The Moon Men, who eventually disbanded when Jacobs left to form The Aquabats in 1994. The following year, Schultz started the indie pop group Majestic, who recorded two albums before going on hiatus in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16346178", "score": "1.0026911", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Gleaming the Cube", "text": "of the Bones Brigade, appear in the film as members of Brian's skate crew. Future lead singer of The Aquabats and creator of \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", Christian Jacobs, also appears in the film as Gremic. The film received a moderate release in the United States from 20th Century Fox (in 469 theaters). Although the film had a relatively low box office turnout, it garnered a significant cult following after its theatrical release, through basic cable replays on networks such as USA and the burgeoning VHS (and later DVD) market, as well as among skateboarders. The title of the film refers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5067751", "score": "1.0014417", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Max Rebo Band", "text": "the band on Tatooine after a successful audition for Jabba. The group disbands after Jabba's death and Yowza travels to Mos Eisley, where he finds a job on a small passenger liner and performs with its house band in exchange for free food and transportation throughout the Outer Rim. Joh Yowza appeared as a computer-generated image, but his voice actor was uncredited. The Yuzzums were originally slated to appear as a second race on Endor in the original version of the film, but were axed due to high production costs. Only one Yuzzum puppet was constructed, and included in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5395263", "score": "0.99810004", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Gabba (band)", "text": "Monthly\", \"The Ramones UK Fan Club Newsletter\", and the \"London Evening Standard\". They have played along bands such as Negativland, The Rezillos, and Chicks on Speed, in various outlets in London, and at the 1999 Xmas parties of Rough Trade Records and Fierce Panda Records. In related media, their autobiographical musical short film \"Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment\" (written and directed by Cliff Homow , alias \"Cliffy Hormone\", and Midge Devitt) won the 2003 \"Special Independent Film Award\" at London's counterculture Portobello Film Festival. Gabba (band) Gabba is a London-based British tribute band performing ABBA songs in the stripped down punk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7990645", "score": "0.9960932", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Jibba Jabba", "text": "Jibba Jabba Jibba Jabba was a British pre-school television series which aired on the children's block Tiny Living on the channel Living TV. The series is a computer animation series consisting of 32 five-minute episodes. It centers around two friends, 'Mo' and 'Max'. In each episode one character approaches a tree-house containing a dressing up box for Mo or Max to become a part of the story told in the episode. The stories told would often be a reenactment of a famous fairy tale or rhyme. Each episode included audience participation from children, calling out or responding. The series was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19823330", "score": "0.991974", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Scott Schultz (producer)", "text": "Scott Schultz (producer) Scott Schultz (born September 15, 1971) is an American television producer, artist and musician, best known for his collaborative work with Christian Jacobs in the creation of the Nick Jr. children's television series \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" and The Hub series \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\". Schultz is a longtime close friend of Christian Jacobs, as well as a cousin by marriage. The two have worked together on numerous art, music and video projects since the late 1980s. In 2005, Schultz, Jacobs and Justin Lyon founded the production company The Magic Store, through which they created the original pilots", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16346177", "score": "0.9805391", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gabba (band)", "text": "Gabba (band) Gabba is a London-based British tribute band performing ABBA songs in the stripped down punk style of the Ramones, a style of pop punk they dubbed discopunk and claim to have invented. They formed in 1996 and took their name in 1999. They have released three albums . Gabba was informally formed in 1996 by Stig Honda, alleged \"professor at the Osaka Rock 'n' Roll High School\", who enrolled five students from all over the world to fuse the disco pop of Abba and the punk rock of the Ramones, creating \"disco-punk\". In 1999, the band took its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7990642", "score": "0.97051585", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "GOGO13", "text": "ska scene of the 1990s. GOGO13 may be currently best known for their musical contributions to \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", namely the original song \"Pick It Up\", featuring Alex Désert of Hepcat, which was featured in an animated short designed by Jacobs. The short won the award for \"Excellence in Humor\" at the 2008 ASIFA-East Animation Festival, while the song remains a staple of GOGO13's live shows, eventually appearing several years later on the \"Gabba\" CD \"Music Is...Awesome!, Vol. 3\" soundtrack (\"at last\", an enthusiastic review on AllMusic wrote). On April 13, 2012, nearly 20 years after their original formation, GOGO13", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16516635", "score": "0.9689771", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Brothers Chaps", "text": "director for the children's television series \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\"; he also worked for the Disney Channel animated series \"Gravity Falls\" and The Hub live-action series \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\", where he also contributed occasional voice work and supporting acting roles. Most notably on \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\", he played the main antagonist of the season one episode \"CobraMan!\", playing a sleazy carnival barker named Carl, whose voice and appearance were modeled directly after Strong Bad. Matt wrote the \"Wander Over Yonder\" episodes \"The Bounty\" and \"The Timebomb\" in collaboration with the show's writing staff. Matt also appeared in the second-season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4047679", "score": "0.962983", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Yin Yang Yo!", "text": "\"Clone High\" and \"Danny Phantom\". Head writer Steve Marmel, an anime fan, took an inspiration from various anime and anime-influenced shows such as \"Teen Titans\" and \"FLCL\". It stars two anthropomorphic rabbits named Yin and Yang, and their sensei-like panda figure named Yo, a master of fictional mystical martial arts called Woo Foo. In 2007, the show was nominated for British Academy Children's Award by the BAFTA in the \"International\" category, but lost to Stephen Hillenburg's \"SpongeBob SquarePants\". From its launch in June 1, 2011 to late 2012, Disney XD Canada aired re-runs of the series. The show is about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7956300", "score": "0.96223205", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Aquabats", "text": "Gabba Gabba!\", to Viacoms Nick Jr. channel. As a musically-oriented program, \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" featured several guest appearances by The Aquabats, appearing onscreen performing both old and new songs and starring in various sketches. The series went on to become an award-winning international sensation, bringing a generous amount of media attention towards both Jacobs and The Aquabats, just enough to persuade \"Gabba\"s production company Wild Brain to help produce a new pilot again based on the band. Shot on location throughout California in early 2008, The Aquabats' third television pilot, titled \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\", was a fully realized half-hour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3572757", "score": "0.9592763", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Leslie Hall", "text": "on MTV's \"Total Request Live\". On September 27, 2007, Hall appeared on the Nickelodeon children's show \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", to perform in the \"Dancey Dance\" segment of an episode titled \"Scary\". She appeared again on October 21, 2008 in the season two episode titled \"Differences\". In October 2010, she began making guest appearances with the Yo Gabba Gabba! live touring act. In 2013, Hall appeared in the episode \"Summer Camp!\" of The Hub series \"The Aquabats! Super Show!\", a superhero-themed comedy from the creators of \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", where she played a gem sweater-wearing camp counselor named Jewel, who happens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8572698", "score": "0.9535624", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Yo Leela Leela", "text": "continued \"a general trend this season of competence over risk.\" Yo Leela Leela \"Yo Leela Leela\" is the twenty-first episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom \"Futurama\". It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on July 21, 2011. The title is a reference to the Nickelodeon kids' show \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\". The show is also parodied within the episode: Leela's show is similar, featuring people dressed up in fanciful costumes as its main characters. Leela visits the Cookieville Orphanarium for a storytelling session with the children there, but fails to make up a good story for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15530564", "score": "0.95173454", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Elijah Wood", "text": "exemplary talent and extraordinary depth of character to his roles\". Wood also starred in an episode of \"Yo Gabba Gabba!,\" entitled \"Eat,\" where he danced and \"went crazy\" alongside the rest of the \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\" cast. Wood can be seen in a short film on stepthroughtheportal.com. The site is an interactive website created by Simian Records artists The Apples in Stereo, promoting their album, \"Travelers in Space and Time\". In addition to producing and acting, Wood has become a well-known DJ. Together with his friend Zach Cowie, they formed Wooden Wisdom and has toured around the world. They have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1419417", "score": "0.94732445", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!", "long_answer": "Hosted by a character named DJ Lance Rock, the series featured a mix of live-action segments featuring cartoonish costumed characters—Muno (the red cyclops), Foofa (the pink flower bubble), Brobee (a little hairy green monster), Toodee (the blue cat-dragon) and Plex (the magic yellow robot)—and many short animated sketches and musical numbers.", "chunked_long_answer": "Hosted by a character named DJ Lance Rock, the series featured a mix of live-action segments featuring cartoonish costumed characters—Muno (the red cyclops), Foofa (the pink flower bubble), Brobee (a little hairy green monster), Toodee (the blue cat-dragon) and Plex (the magic yellow robot)—and many short animated sketches and musical numbers.", "short_answers": [ "DJ Lance Rock" ] }

[ "Captain Jones", "Master Christopher Jones", "Christopher Jones" ]

[ { "title": "Mayflower", "text": "Captain Jones became master of the Mayflower 11 years prior to the Pilgrims' voyage, sailing the ship cross-Channel taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine to London. In addition, he had also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and may have taken the Mayflower whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area. She had traveled to Mediterranean ports, being then owned by Christopher Nichols, Robert Child, Thomas Short, and Christopher Jones, the ship's master. In 1620, Jones and Robert Child still owned their quarter shares in the ship, and it was from them", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Janet Huntington Brewster", "text": "and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony and a passenger on the Mayflower, through his son Jonathan Brewster. She was also a descendant of Mayflower passenger John Howland Her first cousin was Kingman Brewster, Jr. She graduated from Middletown High School in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1929. While attending high school, she was an outstanding student, head of the debating society and editor of the school magazine. She received her B.A. in economics and sociology in 1933 from Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. As a student leader at Mount Holyoke, she met Edward R. Murrow, a graduate of Washington", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6632200", "score": "1.1018687", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "William Vassall", "text": "had been friends, as Winslow was the step-father-in-law of Vassall's daughter Judith, wife of Resolved White. During his time in England, Vassall was known to be friend of trans-Atlantic merchant Isaac Allerton, another \"Mayflower\" Pilgrim of 1620. Vassall was a member of the London merchant group Merchant-Adventurers, which had provided funding for the 1620 \"Mayflower\" voyage, and Allerton was an associate of this group. William Vassall had property in Rotherhithe on the Thames, across from where the \"Mayflower\" had boarded its passengers. Being a wealthy man, Vassall was known to businessmen throughout Europe. He was the owner of the ship", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16469872", "score": "1.078898", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Thomas Hinckley", "text": "his grandson Samuel to Mary Freeman, great-granddaughter of Governor Thomas Prence whose wife Patience was a daughter of the William Brewster, many of his descendants can claim \"Mayflower\" heritage. Thomas Hinckley Thomas Hinckley (bapt. March 19, 1618 – April 25, 1706) was the last governor of the Plymouth Colony. Born in England, he came to North America as a teenager, and was a leading settler of what is now Barnstable, Massachusetts. He served in a variety of political and military offices before becoming governor of the colony in 1680, a post he held (excluding the interregnum of the Dominion of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8133245", "score": "1.0687569", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Christopher Martin (Mayflower passenger)", "text": "Christopher Martin (Mayflower passenger) Christopher Martin (c. 1582-1621). He and his family embarked on the historic 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\" on its journey to the New World. He was initially the governor of passengers on the ship \"Speedwell\" until that ship was found to be unseaworthy, and later on the \"Mayflower\", until replaced by John Carver. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. He and his family all perished in the first winter at Plymouth Colony. Christopher Martin first appears in the records of Great Burstead, Essex, England, with his 1607 marriage to a widow by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4559200", "score": "1.0682571", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Thomas T. Minor", "text": "well as her own six children. He was a direct descendant of Thomas Miner who came originally from Chew Magna in North East Somerset, England, and sailed on the Lyon's Whelp and was a founder of New London, Connecticut, and later of Stonington, Connecticut. He married Grace Palmer in 1634. She was the daughter of Walter Palmer (Puritan). Minor was also an early New England diarist. He was also a descendant, through Jonathan Brewster, of Elder William Brewster (c. 1567 – April 10, 1644), the Pilgrim leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony and a passenger on the Mayflower.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14108435", "score": "1.0592645", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Elizabeth Tilley", "text": "have been \"associated largely with both the 'Boston Brahmins' and Harvard's 'intellectual aristocracy' of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.\" Their direct descendants include notable figures such as: Elizabeth Tilley Elizabeth Tilley (c. Aug 1607 - December 21, 1687) was one of the passengers on the historic 1620 voyage of the \"Mayflower\" and a participant in the first Thanksgiving in the New World. She was the daughter of Mayflower passenger John Tilley and his wife Joan Hurst and, although she was their youngest child, appears to be the only one who survived until the voyage. She went on to marry fellow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6101462", "score": "1.0566368", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Edmund Freeman", "text": "Plymouth County, Massachusetts and died before July 18, 1651 at Sandwich, Barnstable County, Massachusetts. She was a daughter of Gov. Thomas Prence and Patience Brewster, a daughter of Elder William Brewster (pilgrim), (c. 1567 - April 10, 1644), the Pilgrim leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony and a passenger on the Mayflower. His son John Freeman bapt. on January 28, 1626/1627,at Billingshurst, Sussex County, England and died on October 28, 1719 at Eastham, Barnstable County, Massachusetts. First as a Lieutenant, then as Captain, and later as Major he took an active part in the Indian Wars. He was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9867614", "score": "1.0528489", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "John Alden", "text": "John Alden Capt. John Alden Sr. ( 15981687) was a crew member on the historic 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\". Rather than return to England with the ship, he stayed at what became Plymouth Colony. He was hired in Southampton, England, as the ship's cooper, responsible for maintaining the ship's barrels. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. He married fellow \"Mayflower\" passenger Priscilla Mullins, whose entire family perished in the first winter. He served in a number of important government positions such as Assistant Governor, Duxbury Deputy to the General Court of Plymouth, Captain Myles Standish's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "205163", "score": "1.0528485", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Richard Warren", "text": "fully ripe\". She was buried at Burial Hill in Plymouth. Because all seven of Richard Warren and Elizabeth nee Walker's children survived and had families, they have very many descendants today. Some notable descendants include: Richard Warren Richard Warren (c. 1578 – c.1628) was one of the passengers on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\" and a signer of the Mayflower Compact. Richard Warren married Elizabeth Walker, at Great Amwell, Hertfordshire, on 14 April 1610. Elizabeth Walker was the daughter of Augustine Walker of Great Amwell. She was baptised at Baldock in September 1583. This information came to light with the discovery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6679797", "score": "1.0497392", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "John La Farge", "text": "Island. She was the daughter of Christopher Grant Perry, and the granddaughter of Elizabeth Champlin Mason and Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. They were descendants of Gov. Thomas Prence (1599–1673), a co-founder of Eastham, Massachusetts, a political leader in both the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, and governor of Plymouth in 1634, 1638, and 1657–1673; and of Elder William Brewster (c. 1567–1644), the Pilgrim leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony, who had been a passenger on the Mayflower. Margaret's mother was Frances Sergeant, who was the daughter of Sarah (nee Bache) Sergeant (the daughter of Sarah Franklin Bache and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3348137", "score": "1.0482782", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Christopher Jones (Mayflower captain)", "text": "the ship's surgeon, a young man just out of apprenticeship as a London Barber-Surgeon by the name of Giles Heale. His name appears as a witness to the death-bed will of William Mullins in February 1621. Another person that Bradford also did not mention who is recorded as possibly being a principal officer of the Mayflower due to his title, is a man identified only as \"Master\" Leaver. He is recorded in Mourt's Relation (1622) as rescuing Pilgrims lost in a forest in January 1621. \"Mayflower\" embarked about sixty-five passengers in London about the middle of July 1620, proceeded to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6613249", "score": "1.0451539", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "John Winslow (1597–1674)", "text": "and May 1, 1679 in Boston. In 1620 Mary and her parents had come to Plymouth as passengers on the \"Mayflower\". Her parents died the first winter, with her father, James Chilton, named on several memorials in Provincetown in honor of those who were the earliest to die on board the \"Mayflower\" in November and December 1620. Tradition has it that Mary Chilton was the first \"Mayflower\" passenger to step ashore on Plymouth Rock. The will of John Winslow, Senior of Boston, merchant, was dated March 12, 1673/74, and proved May 31, 1674. In the will he named his wife", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16741711", "score": "1.0432309", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Francis Cooke", "text": "7, 1663 and was buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth. Cooke died in the spring of 1663 and an inventory of his estate was taken on May 1, 1663. From his estate inventory, it appears that he was involved with sheep and wool as he had sixteen sheep and five lambs, a \"woolen wheele & scales,\" three pairs of sheep shears, and twenty pounds of wool. Francis Cooke Francis Cooke (c.1583 – April 7, 1663, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony) was a Leiden Separatist who came to America in 1620 on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\" and a signer of the Mayflower", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2420599", "score": "1.0384494", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Resolved White", "text": "Resolved White Resolved White (c. 1615 – after September 19, 1687) was a passenger on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\". In 1620, he accompanied his parents, Pilgrims William and Susanna White, on the journey. He married Judith Vassall, daughter of William Vassall, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Later in life White became a notable person of Plymouth Colony. Resolved White was the eldest son of \"Mayflower\" Pilgrims William and Susanna White. The Mayflower Society states that Susanna's maiden name is unknown. Resolved is believed to have been about five years of age in late 1620, having been born in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16391741", "score": "1.0362688", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Francis Cooke", "text": "Francis Cooke Francis Cooke (c.1583 – April 7, 1663, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony) was a Leiden Separatist who came to America in 1620 on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\" and a signer of the Mayflower Compact. His ancestry is unknown and there are no records of the time found regarding his birth. Per author Charles Edward Banks, a clue to his identity may exist in the following: a Francis, son of Thomas Cooke, was baptized 6 April 1572, at Biddenden, Kent. There was a considerable foreign French and Walloon colony in Canterbury (Kent). Banks also states that he may have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2420580", "score": "1.0354207", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Christopher Raymond Perry", "text": "and Massachusetts Bay colonies, and governor of Plymouth; and a descendant of \"Mayflower\" passengers, both of whom were signers of the Mayflower Compact, Elder William Brewster (c. 1567–1644), the Pilgrim colonist leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony, and George Soule (1593–1679), through his grandmother Susannah Barber Perry (1697–1755). Christopher Perry enlisted, at the age of 14, in a local militia company named the Kingston Reds early in the American Revolution. He then served on a privateer commanded by a Captain Reed. After one cruise with Reed, Perry signed on to the privateer \"Mifflin\" commanded by George Wait Babcock.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4316184", "score": "1.0353247", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Vrouwekerk", "text": "Mahieu, married the Pilgrim leader Francis Cooke in the Vrouwekerk in 1603. Cooke left for Plymouth on board the \"Mayflower\" in 1621; his wife joined him later. Many well-known Americans are descended from Philippe de la Noye (later anglicized to Delano) and Hester le Mahieu and Francis Cooke; these include U.S. presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Ulysses S. Grant, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, director Orson Welles, and actor Richard Gere. After a large part of the Huguenot community in Leiden left the city for the New World, the Vrouwekerk started falling apart, so that in 1808 it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13611892", "score": "1.0312252", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Phineas Pratt", "text": "Phineas Pratt Phineas Pratt (c.1593 – April 19, 1680) (a.k.a. Phineaus Pratt or Phinehas Pratt), a joiner from London, was one of the first English settlers in New England and enrolled among the \"First Comers\" of Plymouth Colony. Pratt arrived as part of the company of Thomas Weston on the 1622 voyage of the ship \"Sparrow\" and was among the founders of the Wessagusset (Weymouth) settlement which failed in March 1623. In 1623, when it still numbered about 32 dwellings, Pratt joined the Plymouth Colony and later married Mary Priest, the daughter of \"Mayflower\" passenger Degory Priest. In 1662, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20981810", "score": "1.0299463", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "text": "passenger on the Mayflower. He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. He was the second of eight children. Longfellow's ancestors were English colonists who settled in New England in the early 1600s. They included Mayflower Pilgrims Richard Warren, William Brewster, and John and Priscilla Alden, as well as Elizabeth Pabodie, the first child born in Plymouth Colony. Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. In his years there, he earned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756508", "score": "1.0299345", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mayflower Compact signatories", "text": "Plymouth Colony. He left his family in Leiden and came on the \"Mayflower\" with only young servant William Butten, who died at sea a few days before reaching Cape Cod. He was the largely self-taught physician and surgeon of the colony and died in 1633 of an infectious fever that killed many that year. Christopher Martin - He was a prosperous leader of those non-religious persons known as \"Strangers\" on the \"Mayflower\", as well as a representative of the Merchant Adventurer investment group. He came on the ship with his wife and two servants, one of whom was his step-son", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17584910", "score": "1.0299101", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Mayflower Society", "text": "Society of \"Mayflower\" Descendants are located behind the mansion. The Mayflower Society The General Society of \"Mayflower\" Descendants — commonly called the Mayflower Society — is a hereditary organization of individuals who have documented their descent from one or more of the 102 passengers who arrived on the \"Mayflower\" in 1620 at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Society was founded at Plymouth in 1897. A primary goal of the Society is to educate the public about the role of the Pilgrims in the early history of what would later become the United States of America. There are Mayflower societies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2401953", "score": "1.0293912", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Christopher Jones (Mayflower captain)", "text": "for England. As with the Pilgrims, her sailors had been decimated by illness, with Jones having lost his boatswain, his gunner, three quartermasters, the cook, and more than a dozen sailors. The \"Mayflower\" made excellent time on her return voyage back to England. The westerly winds that had buffeted the ship coming out, pushed her along going home and she arrived at her home port in Rotherhithe on the Thames on 5 May 1621 – less than half the time it had taken her to sail to America. Among the 102 passengers were six Essex residents from the Great Burstead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6613253", "score": "1.0286942", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "John Alden", "text": "Jonathan, Sarah, Ruth, Mary, Rebecca, and David. They have the most descendants today of all the pilgrim families. John Alden Capt. John Alden Sr. ( 15981687) was a crew member on the historic 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\". Rather than return to England with the ship, he stayed at what became Plymouth Colony. He was hired in Southampton, England, as the ship's cooper, responsible for maintaining the ship's barrels. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. He married fellow \"Mayflower\" passenger Priscilla Mullins, whose entire family perished in the first winter. He served in a number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "205175", "score": "1.0279174", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Richard Warren", "text": "Richard Warren Richard Warren (c. 1578 – c.1628) was one of the passengers on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\" and a signer of the Mayflower Compact. Richard Warren married Elizabeth Walker, at Great Amwell, Hertfordshire, on 14 April 1610. Elizabeth Walker was the daughter of Augustine Walker of Great Amwell. She was baptised at Baldock in September 1583. This information came to light with the discovery of Augustine Walker's will dated 19 April 1613, in which he named his daughter Elizabeth and her children Mary, Ann and Sarah Warren. Based on his marriage in Hertfordshire, current speculation is that he also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6679784", "score": "1.0263999", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "John Turner (Mayflower passenger)", "text": "John Turner (Mayflower passenger) John Turner (c.1590 – winter of 1620/21) was a passenger, along with his two sons, on the 1620 voyage of the historic Pilgrim ship the \"Mayflower\". He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact and perished with his sons that first winter. Very little is known about his life in England, especially his origins. It is believed he may have come from Great Yarmouth in co. Norfolk, where there were several Turner families. Per Banks, Turner may have been of the original Pilgrim contingent emigrating to Leiden in 1610 with Bradford and Brewster as in that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16430438", "score": "1.0263946", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "John Tilley (Mayflower passenger)", "text": "possibly after coming ashore, per Bradford, to the new Plymouth settlement. They were buried in Coles Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth, most likely in unmarked graves as with so many who died in that first winter. Their names, along with others who perished that winter, are memorialised on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb on Coles Hill as \"John Tilley and his wife.\" John Tilley (Mayflower passenger) John Tilley (c.1571- winter of 1620/21) and his family were passengers on the historic 1620 voyage of the \"Mayflower\". He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact, and died with his wife in the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9455764", "score": "1.0260834", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "William Mullins (Mayflower passenger)", "text": "William Mullins (Mayflower passenger) William Mullins (c.1572 – 1621) and his family traveled as passengers on the historic 1620 voyage to America on the Pilgrim ship \"Mayflower\". He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. Mullins perished in the pilgrims' first winter in the New World, with his wife and son dying soon after. William Mullins was born about 1572 in Dorking, co. Surrey, England, probably the son of John Mullins and Joan/Joane (Bridger) of Dorking parish, located about 21 miles south of London. John Mullins died in February 1583/84 and William's mother Joane married secondly Vincent Benham on November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16421155", "score": "1.0255128", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor)", "text": "his wife, being weak, dyed within five or six weeks after him. Carver was buried at Coles Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor) John Carver (before 1584–1621) was one of the Pilgrims who braved the \"Mayflower\" voyage in 1620 which resulted in the creation of Plymouth Colony in America. He is credited with writing the Mayflower Compact and was its first signer, and he was also the first governor of Plymouth Colony. Little is known about Carver's ancestry or early family life. Jeremy Bangs notes that Carver and his wife Mary were members of the French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2403296", "score": "1.0225538", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mary Chilton", "text": "moved to Boston some time after the birth of Benjamin in 1653. There John Winslow is said to have prospered as a merchant. She made out a will on July 31, 1676 (one of two female passengers from the \"Mayflower\" who did so, Elizabeth Tilley being the other) and died before May 1, 1679 in Boston. By legend, Mary Chilton was the first passenger to step ashore at Plymouth, seemingly so excited that she jumped out of the small boat and waded ashore onto \"Plymouth Rock.\" The Chilton Club, a private social club in Boston, MA, was named in her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10183567", "score": "1.0222782", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Mayflower", "long_answer": "Captain Jones became master of the Mayflower 11 years prior to the Pilgrims' voyage, sailing the ship cross-Channel taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine to London. In addition, he had also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and may have taken the Mayflower whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area. She had traveled to Mediterranean ports, being then owned by Christopher Nichols, Robert Child, Thomas Short, and Christopher Jones, the ship's master. In 1620, Jones and Robert Child still owned their quarter shares in the ship, and it was from them that Thomas Weston chartered her in the summer of 1620 to undertake the Pilgrim voyage. Weston had a significant role in the Mayflower voyage, due to his membership in the Company of Merchant Adventurers, and he eventually traveled to the Plymouth Colony himself.", "chunked_long_answer": "Captain Jones became master of the Mayflower 11 years prior to the Pilgrims' voyage, sailing the ship cross-Channel taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine to London. In addition, he had also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and may have taken the Mayflower whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area. She had traveled to Mediterranean ports, being then owned by Christopher Nichols, Robert Child, Thomas Short, and Christopher Jones, the ship's master. In 1620, Jones and Robert Child still owned their quarter shares in the ship, and it was from them", "short_answers": [ "Captain Jones" ] }

[ "a large roasted turkey", "turkey" ]

[ { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "The centerpiece of contemporary Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada is a large meal, generally centered on a large roasted turkey. It is served with a variety of side dishes which vary from traditional dishes such as mashed potatoes, stuffing, and cranberry sauce, to ones that reflect regional or cultural heritage. The majority of the dishes in the traditional American version of Thanksgiving dinner are made from foods native to the New World, as according to tradition the Pilgrims received these foods, or learned how to grow them, from the Native Americans. Thanksgiving dinner is the largest eating event", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "on days prior. Copious leftovers are also common following the meal proper. Traditional Thanksgiving foods are sometimes specific to the day, such as riced potatoes, and although some of the foods might be seen at any semi-formal meal in the United States, the meal often has something of a ritual or traditional quality. Many Americans would say it is \"incomplete\" without cranberry sauce, stuffing or dressing, mashed potatoes and gravy, and brussels sprouts. Other commonly served dishes include winter squash and sweet potatoes, the latter often prepared with sweeteners such as brown sugar, molasses, or marshmallows. Fresh, canned, or frozen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362742", "score": "1.0011927", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "eating event in the United States; people eat more on Thanksgiving than on any other day of the year. According to what traditionally is known as \"The First Thanksgiving,\" the 1621 feast between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag at Plymouth Colony contained waterfowl, venison, ham, lobster, clams, berries, fruit, pumpkin, and squash. William Bradford noted that, \"besides waterfowl, there was great store of wild turkeys, of which they took many.\" Many of the foods that were included in the first feast (except, notably, the seafood) have since gone on to become staples of the \"modern\" Thanksgiving dinner. Early feasts of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362731", "score": "0.9131543", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "corn is popular and green beans are frequently served; in particular, green bean casserole, a product invented in 1955 by the Campbell Soup Company to promote use of its cream of mushroom soup, has become a Thanksgiving standard. A fresh salad may be included, especially on the West Coast. Bread rolls or biscuits and cornbread, especially in the South and parts of New England, are served. For dessert, various pies are usually served, particularly pumpkin pie, though apple pie, mincemeat pie, sweet potato pie, cherry pie, chocolate pie, and pecan pie are often served as well. There are also regional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362743", "score": "0.873307", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "text": "years with five November Thursdays (the next such year being 1944), with Texas doing so as late as 1956. The poor are often provided with food at Thanksgiving time. Most communities have annual food drives that collect non-perishable packaged and canned foods, and corporations sponsor charitable distributions of staple foods and Thanksgiving dinners. The Salvation Army enlists volunteers to serve Thanksgiving dinners to hundreds of people in different locales. Additionally, pegged to be five days after Thanksgiving is Giving Tuesday, a celebration of charitable giving. U.S. tradition compares the holiday with a meal held in 1621 by the Wampanoag and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275628", "score": "0.8602677", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "deer hunting season in the Northeastern United States, which encourages the use of venison as a centerpiece. Vegetarians or vegans may have a tofu, wheat gluten or lentil-based substitute; or stuffed squash. In Alaskan villages, whale meat is sometimes eaten.Irish immigrants have been known to have prime rib of beef as their centerpiece since beef in Ireland was once a rarity; families would save up money for this dish to signify newfound prosperity and hope. Many Italian-Americans will serve capon as the main course to the Thanksgiving meal. In the United States, a globalist approach to Thanksgiving has become common", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362740", "score": "0.85383284", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "text": "first Thursday in November would become its regular day for giving thanks\". The tradition of giving thanks to God is continued today in many forms, most notably the attendance of religious services, as well as the saying of a mealtime prayer before Thanksgiving dinner. Many houses of worship offer worship services and events on Thanksgiving themes the weekend before, the day of, or the weekend after Thanksgiving. At home, it is a holiday tradition in many families to begin the Thanksgiving dinner by saying grace (a prayer before or after a meal). The custom is portrayed in the photograph \"Family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275633", "score": "0.8466943", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (Heroes)", "text": "Thanksgiving (Heroes) \"Thanksgiving\" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" and sixty-ninth episode overall. The episode aired on November 23, 2009. This episode consists of three Thanksgiving dinners: the Petrellis', the Bennets' and the one at Samuel's carnival. It's Thanksgiving and Samuel Sullivan is preparing a feast with his family at the carnival. As Samuel watches the film Hiro Nakamura had retrieved for him in the previous episode, he is interrupted by Hiro, who demands to have Charlie Andrews released. Samuel tells him he still has some tasks for him to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13976138", "score": "0.8391413", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "with the impact of immigration. Basic \"Thanksgiving\" ingredients, or the intent of the holiday, can be transformed to a variety of dishes by using flavors, techniques, and traditions from their own cuisines. Others celebrate the holiday with a variety of dishes particularly when there is a crowd to be fed, guests' tastes vary and considering the financial means available. Many offerings are typically served alongside the main dish—so many that, because of the amount of food, the Thanksgiving meal is sometimes served midday or early afternoon to make time for all the eating, and preparation may begin at dawn or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362741", "score": "0.8257165", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "text": "Holding Hands and Praying Before a Thanksgiving Meal\". Before praying, it is a common practice at the dining table for \"each person [to] tell one specific reason they're thankful to God that year.\" While grace is said, some families hold hands until the prayer concludes, often indicated with an \"Amen\". Joy Fisher, a Baptist writer, states that \"this holiday takes on a spiritual emphasis and includes recognition of the source of the blessings they enjoy year round – a loving God.\" In the same vein, Hesham A. Hassaballa, an American Muslim scholar and physician, has written that Thanksgiving \"is wholly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275634", "score": "0.8219868", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "A Family Thanksgiving", "text": "A Family Thanksgiving A Family Thanksgiving is a 2010 Hallmark Channel Original Movie directed by Neill Fearnley. Claudia (Daphne Zuniga) is a successful trial attorney who graduated at the top of her class from Harvard Law School. She's working hard to become the first female partner within a high-powered firm. She believes her life is 'perfect'. Her sister asks her the day before to prepare for the family Thanksgiving a homemade apple pie. Claudia, however, is everything but the homemaker her sister is, and is annoyed by the request because she doesn't have 'time' for such things. Meanwhile, Claudia is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15126064", "score": "0.8194634", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Apios americana", "text": "regarded as the first Thanksgiving, although only venison was specifically named as a food item at this meal by a Pilgrim eyewitness account. It is believed that American groundnut may have made it back to Europe as early as 1597, and it was listed as a European garden crop in 1885. It was evaluated as a possible alternative potato crop in Ireland in 1845 during the potato famine. These early introductions to Europe appear to have resulted in little or no assimilation of the new food into the European diet. A primary reason for this lack of assimilation was that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5296209", "score": "0.8142681", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "The Annoying Orange", "text": "game, a fan game, and more. The Annoying Orange has been known to release Thanksgiving Episodes. According to all the foods in the kitchen, Thanksgiving is one of the most dangerous days of the year for foods. From until December 22 2017, X-Massacre, also called Christ-Massacre, was released. This series is about different types of food being killed and served for a Christmas dinner. Each episode would feature a food from the Christmas Dinner list on the refrigerator. This list is what the foods of the kitchen call the \"X-Massacre List\" / \"Christ-Massacre List\". Whenever a food from the list", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14521466", "score": "0.7955409", "original_retrieval_index": 52 }, { "title": "Stuffing", "text": "are used in one traditional stuffing for Thanksgiving. These may also be combined with mashed potatoes, for a heavy stuffing. Fruits and dried fruits can be added to stuffing including apples, apricots, dried prunes, and raisins. In England, a stuffing is sometimes made of minced pork shoulder seasoned with various ingredients, sage, onion, bread, chestnuts, dried apricots, dried cranberries etc. The stuffing mixture may be cooked separately and served as a side dish. This may still be called stuffing or it may be called dressing. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that cooking animals with a body cavity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2322358", "score": "0.7922803", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Succotash", "text": "is a traditional dish of many Thanksgiving celebrations in New England as well as in Pennsylvania and other states. In some parts of the American South, any mixture of vegetables prepared with lima beans and topped with lard or butter is called succotash. Corn (maize), American beans, tomatoes, and peppers are New World foods. Succotash Succotash (from Narragansett \"sohquttahhash\", \"broken corn kernels\") is a food dish consisting primarily of sweet corn with lima beans or other shell beans. Other ingredients may be added including tomatoes, green or sweet red peppers, and okra. Combining a grain with a legume provides a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1291788", "score": "0.7913697", "original_retrieval_index": 56 }, { "title": "Crème caramel", "text": "is usually seasoned with cinnamon, rum and vanilla. Around the Thanksgiving holiday it is popular to add pumpkin, ñame purée, or breadfruit along with spices like ginger, vanilla, cinnamon to the flan. A combination of pumpkin, coconut, sweet potato, carrot and almond extract flan is unique and only served on Thanksgiving. Another popular flan is \"flancocho\", flavored with a layer of cream cheese and Puerto Rican style sponge cake underneath. The flancocho can also be made with cream cheese and cake batter worked into the flan mix. Crème caramel Crème caramel (), flan, or caramel dessert is a custard dessert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390365", "score": "0.78956705", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "text": "table with lefse. The beverages at Thanksgiving can vary as much as the side dishes, often depending on who is present at the table and their tastes. Spirits or cocktails sometimes may be served before the main meal. On the dinner table, unfermented apple cider (still or sparkling) or wine are often served. Pitchers of sweet tea can often be found on Southern tables . Beaujolais nouveau is sometimes served; the beverage has been marketed as a Thanksgiving drink since the producers of the wine (which is made available only for a short window each year) set the annual release", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6362747", "score": "0.78579146", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "The F Word (UK TV series)", "text": "on unique food fads and healthy eating respectively. Two or three commis (picked from a thousand applicants) squared off in each episode to earn a position at one of Ramsay's restaurants. Ramsay raised turkeys in his garden, so that his children gained a better understanding of where their food came from. Chef and television presenter Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall regularly offered tips on raising free range turkeys. The turkeys were named after other celebrity chefs, for example, Ainsley, Antony and Nigella. The pudding (dessert) challenge regularly pitted Ramsay with a celebrity guest, with the winner having the honour of serving his or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6361046", "score": "0.78358793", "original_retrieval_index": 63 }, { "title": "Three Turkeys", "text": "Three Turkeys \"Three Turkeys\" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom \"Modern Family\", and the series' 128th episode overall. It originally aired on November 19, 2014. The episode was written by Jeffrey Richman and directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller. The Three Turkeys refer to thanksgiving in the Dunphy household and the disasters that follow. This also includes Jay and Gloria's attempt to avoid thanksgiving with their family and Lily, keeping Mitchell and Cameron occupied. Despite all the obstacles, it's still clear that a family will always be there for each other even in the difficulties they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18340063", "score": "0.7822629", "original_retrieval_index": 68 }, { "title": "Pumpkin pie", "text": "touch. Today, throughout much of the United States, it is traditional to serve pumpkin pie after Thanksgiving dinner. Additionally, many modern companies produce seasonal pumpkin pie-flavored products such as candy, cheesecake, coffee, ice cream, french toast, waffles and pancakes, and many breweries produce a seasonal pumpkin ale or beer; these are generally not flavored with pumpkins, but rather pumpkin pie spices. Commercially made pumpkin pie mix is made from \"Cucurbita pepo\", \"Cucurbita maxima\", and \"Cucurbita moschata\" (Libbey Select uses the Select Dickinson Pumpkin variety of \"C. moschata\" for its canned pumpkins). Pumpkin pies were briefly discouraged from Thanksgiving dinners in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12654561", "score": "0.78079826", "original_retrieval_index": 69 }, { "title": "American cuisine", "text": "Thanksgiving. Typical fruits of the region are cold weather crops. Once it was believed that the region had winters that were far too harsh for apple growing, but then a breeder in Minnesota came forth with the Wealthy apple and thence came forth the third most productive region for apple growing in the land, with local varieties comprising Wolf River, Enterprise, Melrose, Paula Red, Rome Beauty, Honeycrisp, and the Red Delicious. Cherries are important to Michigan and Wisconsin grows many cranberries, a legacy of early-19th-century emigration of New England farmers. Crabapple jelly is a favorite condiment of the region. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "23640", "score": "0.778985", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (Master of None)", "text": "Thanksgiving (Master of None) \"Thanksgiving\" is the eighth episode of the second season of American comedy-drama web television series \"Master of None\". The episode was released on Netflix along with the rest of season 2 on May 12, 2017. It was written by series creator Aziz Ansari and Lena Waithe, who star as Dev Shah and Denise. Melina Matsoukas served as the episode's director. The episode follows Dev celebrating Thanksgiving with Denise's family through out the years, as Dev's family doesn't celebrate the holiday. The episode details Denise's coming out as a lesbian throughout the years and their growing, yet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20823937", "score": "0.7787403", "original_retrieval_index": 72 }, { "title": "30 Minute Meals", "text": "focuses on creating meals in less than 30 minutes. Ray has also done two specials with the title \"Thanksgiving in 60\", about preparing a Thanksgiving dinner in one hour. Each episode Ray opens the show by saying \"Hi there, I'm Rachael Ray and I make 30-minute meals. Now that means in the time it takes you to watch this program, I will have made a delicious and healthy meal from start to finish.\" Rachel Ray's '30 Minute Meals', based on the cookbook series, debuted on November 17, 2001 and ended production in 2012. After writing and releasing her cookbook in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189684", "score": "0.7769072", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "A Brown Thanksgiving", "text": "A Brown Thanksgiving \"A Brown Thanksgiving\" is the seventh episode of \"The Cleveland Show\". The episode aired on November 22, 2009 on Fox in the United States. In this episode Cleveland Brown celebrates his first Thanksgiving with his new family, including his own parents and Donna's Auntie Momma. Cleveland celebrates Thanksgiving with his new family and his parents, Cookie and LeVar \"Freight Train\" Brown. Things become hostile until Donna's Auntie Momma arrives. Cleveland soon discovers that Auntie Momma is a trans woman after he sees her urinating while standing. He tries to tell Donna but refrains because she would be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13903030", "score": "0.77386796", "original_retrieval_index": 76 }, { "title": "Family folklore", "text": "only for this dinner, to a single individual who prepares and presents this single dish, to the individual assigned to carve the bird. It is unnecessary to mention examples of this; each North American reader is mentally reviewing the Thanksgiving traditions unique to his own family. This list of special holiday traditions in the family expands easily from the dining table to the family wake-up calls to the distribution of presents under the Christmas tree or Hanukah lights. Each of these, along with countless other details, distinguish this family as a unique social unit. Another significant family tradition is that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18274896", "score": "0.7727766", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving", "text": "Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, and around the same part of the year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9527613", "score": "0.7711561", "original_retrieval_index": 78 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "text": "bred for large size. On Thanksgiving Day, families and friends usually gather for a large meal or dinner. Consequently, the Thanksgiving holiday weekend is one of the busiest travel periods of the year. Thanksgiving is a four-day or five-day weekend vacation for schools and colleges. Most business and government workers (78% in 2007) are given Thanksgiving and the day after as paid holidays. Thanksgiving Eve, the night before Thanksgiving, is one of the busiest nights of the year for bars and clubs (where it is often identified by the derogatory name Blackout Wednesday), as many college students and others return", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275655", "score": "0.7706481", "original_retrieval_index": 80 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (Master of None)", "text": "Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, Waithe became the first African-American woman to win an Emmy Award in that category. The episode also won a Gold Derby Award for Best Comedy Episode of the Year. Thanksgiving (Master of None) \"Thanksgiving\" is the eighth episode of the second season of American comedy-drama web television series \"Master of None\". The episode was released on Netflix along with the rest of season 2 on May 12, 2017. It was written by series creator Aziz Ansari and Lena Waithe, who star as Dev Shah and Denise. Melina Matsoukas served as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20823941", "score": "0.7682394", "original_retrieval_index": 81 }, { "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "text": "Thanksgiving (United States) Thanksgiving is a national holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, with a proclamation by George Washington after a request by Congress. Thomas Jefferson chose not to observe the holiday, and its celebration was intermittent until the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, when Thanksgiving became a federal holiday in 1863, during the American Civil War. Lincoln proclaimed a national day of \"Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens,\" to be celebrated on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275600", "score": "0.76632977", "original_retrieval_index": 82 }, { "title": "Good Eats", "text": "their families were shown at the end of the first hour-long episodes (\"Right On Q\") eating BBQ while Brown narrated that truly a BBQ is just an event meant to be shared with friends and family. In the special Thanksgiving episode of 2011, \"Reromancing the Bird\", favorite characters of the show—sister Marsha, niece Marsha Jr., neighbor Chuck, the southerner Uncle Colonel Bob Boatwright, the food agent Sid, Frances Andersen portraying Uncle Bob's nurse, and the Dungeon Master—reappeared for a last time as a final tribute to their contribution to the show. At the end of the final episode, for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3127535", "score": "0.7661426", "original_retrieval_index": 83 } ]

{ "title": "Thanksgiving dinner", "long_answer": "The centerpiece of contemporary Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada is a large meal, generally centered on a large roasted turkey. It is served with a variety of side dishes which vary from traditional dishes such as mashed potatoes, stuffing, and cranberry sauce, to ones that reflect regional or cultural heritage. The majority of the dishes in the traditional American version of Thanksgiving dinner are made from foods native to the New World, as according to tradition the Pilgrims received these foods, or learned how to grow them, from the Native Americans. Thanksgiving dinner is the largest eating event in the United States; people eat more on Thanksgiving than on any other day of the year.", "chunked_long_answer": "The centerpiece of contemporary Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada is a large meal, generally centered on a large roasted turkey. It is served with a variety of side dishes which vary from traditional dishes such as mashed potatoes, stuffing, and cranberry sauce, to ones that reflect regional or cultural heritage. The majority of the dishes in the traditional American version of Thanksgiving dinner are made from foods native to the New World, as according to tradition the Pilgrims received these foods, or learned how to grow them, from the Native Americans. Thanksgiving dinner is the largest eating event", "short_answers": [ "a large roasted turkey", "turkey" ] }

[ "Southend Pier" ]

[ { "title": "Southend Pier", "text": "Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending 1.34 miles (2.16 km) into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that \"the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier\". The pier is a Grade II listed building.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Southport Pier", "text": "until June 2015. The pier is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, first listed on 18 August 1975. At , Southport Pier is the second longest in Great Britain. As a result of silting in the water channel, part of the pier now passes overland before reaching the beach, as the silt has allowed land beneath the pier to be reclaimed. The entrance starts at Promenade Road and follows a route inland next to Princes Park, before crossing over Marine Drive and meeting the beach at approximately half-way along its length.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8142973", "score": "1.0271871", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Llandudno Pier", "text": "Llandudno Pier Llandudno Pier is a Grade II* listed pier in the seaside resort of Llandudno, North Wales, United Kingdom. At , the pier is the longest in Wales and the fifth longest in England and Wales. In 2005, was voted \"Pier of the Year 2005\" by the members of the National Piers Society. At the end of the pier is a deep-water landing stage, completely rebuilt for the third time in 1969, which is used by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company for occasional excursions to Douglas, Isle of Man, and for an annual visit of the \"PS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8144956", "score": "1.0265163", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Felixstowe Pier", "text": "Felixstowe Pier Felixstowe Pier is a pleasure pier in the Edwardian seaside town of Felixstowe, Suffolk, England. The pier opened in August 1905 with a total length of with its own railway station and was once one of the longest in the country. Steamer services operated from the pier to various destinations. During the war, the pier was sectioned to reduce the risk of enemy invasion, which it never fully recovered from, resulting in the pierhead being demolished after the war, having been left to deteriorate. In 2017, a new shoreend structure was opened to the public at a cost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520250", "score": "0.99973094", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Essex", "text": "the Guinness Book of Records as the longest pleasure pier in the world. Essex Essex () is a county in south-east England, north-east of London. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and London to the south-west. The county town is Chelmsford, the only city in the county. For government statistical purposes Essex is placed in the East of England region. Essex occupies the eastern part of the ancient Kingdom of Essex, which united with the other Anglian and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17457339", "score": "0.9967606", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "North Pier, Blackpool", "text": "North Pier, Blackpool North Pier is the most northerly of the three coastal piers in Blackpool, England. Built in the 1860s, it is also the oldest and longest of the three. Although originally intended only as a promenade, competition forced the pier to widen its attractions to include theatres and bars. Unlike Blackpool's other piers, which attracted the working classes with open air dancing and amusements, North Pier catered for the \"better-class\" market, with orchestra concerts and respectable comedians. Until 2011, it was the only Blackpool pier that consistently charged admission. The pier is designated by English Heritage as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8143094", "score": "0.98529804", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Felixstowe Pier", "text": "of £3m, offering family entertainments as part of a wider regeneration scheme for the local area. Having been promoted in 1903, the pier opened in August 1905 at a length of , making it at the time one of the longest in the country; the pier was the last of a trio built for the Coast Development Company, which had been formed by a merger between Belle Steamers Limited and other local companies in 1898. The pier was constructed using timber, rather than iron, which was unusual for this period, though foreign timbers such as Jarrah and Greenheart had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520251", "score": "0.98253906", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Llandudno", "text": "direction along the side of what was the Baths Hotel (where the Grand Hotel now stands) to provide a new entrance with the Llandudno Pier Pavilion Theatre, thus increasing the pier's length to : it is the longest pier in Wales. Attractions on the pier include a bar, a cafe, amusement arcades, children's fairground rides and an assortment of shops & kiosks. In the summer, Professor Codman's Punch and Judy show (established in 1860) can be found on the promenade near the entrance to the pier. The Happy Valley, a former quarry, was the gift of Lord Mostyn to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2255070", "score": "0.97603536", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "North Pier, Blackpool", "text": "agreement to pay the outstanding balance owed to Carlsberg was made and Peter Sedgwick's company escaped liquidation. North Pier, Blackpool North Pier is the most northerly of the three coastal piers in Blackpool, England. Built in the 1860s, it is also the oldest and longest of the three. Although originally intended only as a promenade, competition forced the pier to widen its attractions to include theatres and bars. Unlike Blackpool's other piers, which attracted the working classes with open air dancing and amusements, North Pier catered for the \"better-class\" market, with orchestra concerts and respectable comedians. Until 2011, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8143113", "score": "0.9744797", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Worthing Pier", "text": "Worthing Pier Worthing Pier is a pier in Worthing, West Sussex, England. Designed by Sir Robert Rawlinson, it was opened on 12 April 1862 and remains open. The pier originally was a simple promenade deck 960 ft (291m) long and 15 ft (4.6m) wide. In 1888 the pier was upgraded with the width increased to 30 ft (9.2m) and the pier head increased to 105 ft (32m) for a 650-seat pavilion to be built. It is a Grade II listed building. The first moving picture show in Worthing was seen on the pier on 31 August 1896 and is commemorated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8157304", "score": "0.97271216", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Herne Bay, Kent", "text": "to berth at. The pier proved to be unprofitable and in 1896 construction began on a replacement iron pier which would be longer and feature an electric tram. At , this pier was the second longest in the country, behind only the pier at Southend-on-Sea. The town's heyday as a seaside resort was during the late Victorian era; the population nearly doubled from 4,410 to 8,442 between 1881 and 1901. Much of the resulting late Victorian seafront architecture is still in existence today. In 1910, a pavilion was added to the landward end of the pier. By 1931, the town's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2192177", "score": "0.9678645", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Clevedon Pier", "text": "improve the visitor centre. Clevedon Pier Clevedon Pier is a seaside pier in the town of Clevedon, Somerset, England on the east shore of the Severn Estuary. It has been described by Sir John Betjeman, as \"the most beautiful pier in England\" and was designated a Grade I listed building in 2001. The pier was built during the 1860s to attract tourists and provide a ferry port for rail passengers to South Wales. The pier is long and consists of eight spans supported by steel rails covered by wooden decking, with a pavilion on the pier head. The pier opened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5013566", "score": "0.96738017", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Clevedon Pier", "text": "Clevedon Pier Clevedon Pier is a seaside pier in the town of Clevedon, Somerset, England on the east shore of the Severn Estuary. It has been described by Sir John Betjeman, as \"the most beautiful pier in England\" and was designated a Grade I listed building in 2001. The pier was built during the 1860s to attract tourists and provide a ferry port for rail passengers to South Wales. The pier is long and consists of eight spans supported by steel rails covered by wooden decking, with a pavilion on the pier head. The pier opened in 1869 and served", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5013549", "score": "0.9659511", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Skegness Pier", "text": "original Victorian pier. The pier won a Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence Award in May 2015, celebrating excellence in tourism and hospitality based on visitor reviews. Citations Sources Skegness Pier Skegness Pier is a pleasure pier in Skegness, England. Opened in June 1881, it was at the time the fourth longest in England, originally stretching a length of . When originally built, it was a T-shaped pier with a saloon/concert hall at the pier head. Steamboat trips ran from the pier to Norfolk until 1910. During World War II, the pier closed in an attempt to prevent enemy invasion. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15152851", "score": "0.9658803", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Pier", "text": "the North Sea waves. The present pier is a successor of an earlier pier, which was completed in 1901 but in 1943 destroyed by the German occupation forces. The first recorded pier in England was Ryde Pier, opened in 1814 on the Isle of Wight, as a landing stage to allow ferries to and from the mainland to berth. It is still used for this purpose today. It also had a leisure function in the past, with the pier head once containing a pavilion, and there are still refreshment facilities today. The oldest cast iron pier in the world is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1958577", "score": "0.96368957", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Herne Bay Pier", "text": "was the second longest in England. In the first year the tram fares made £488. The pier was used by paddle steamers until the last visit by \"PS Medway Queen\" in 1963. The new 1899 restaurant at the pierhead later became a ticket office and cafe, and still stands today: wooden, octagonal and domed. It had a promenade deck on the roof, but this may now be gone, as it is not visible in photographs. The theatre was retained, and the public was first admitted to the landing stage and Pier Head Restaurant at Easter 1899. On 14 September it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14329397", "score": "0.95801973", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Royal Pier, Aberystwyth", "text": "Royal Pier, Aberystwyth The Royal Pier, Aberystwyth is a pleasure pier located in Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. The first pier to open in Wales in 1865, after a series of storm attacks, it is now a much shortened version of its originally constructed length of . In the health conscious Victorian era, Aberystwyth had developed quickly as a holiday resort. Lying at the centre of the West Wales coastline, with Cardigan Bay beyond, it was billed as the \"Biarritz of Wales.\" Commissioned by a consortium of local business people under the name of the Aberystwyth Pier Promenade Company, the pier was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14610988", "score": "0.9574709", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Garth Pier", "text": "Garth Pier Garth Pier is a Grade II listed structure in Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales. At in length, it is the second-longest pier in Wales, and the ninth longest in the British Isles. Designed by J.J. Webster of Westminster, London, the pier has cast iron columns, with the rest of the metal structure made in steel, including the handrails. The wooden deck has a series of octagonal kiosks with roofs, plus street lighting, which lead to a pontoon landing stage for pleasure steamers on the Menai Strait. Opened to the public on 14 May 1896, the ceremony performed by George", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16310515", "score": "0.9564214", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Garth Pier", "text": "it was decided that the ban would be abolished. Garth Pier Garth Pier is a Grade II listed structure in Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales. At in length, it is the second-longest pier in Wales, and the ninth longest in the British Isles. Designed by J.J. Webster of Westminster, London, the pier has cast iron columns, with the rest of the metal structure made in steel, including the handrails. The wooden deck has a series of octagonal kiosks with roofs, plus street lighting, which lead to a pontoon landing stage for pleasure steamers on the Menai Strait. Opened to the public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16310521", "score": "0.95612836", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pier", "text": "in 1821, and Brighton Chain Pier, built in 1823. Only the oldest of these piers still remains. At that time the introduction of the railways for the first time permitted mass tourism to dedicated seaside resorts. The large tidal ranges at many such resorts meant that for much of the day, the sea was not visible from dry land. The pleasure pier was the resorts' answer, permitting holidaymakers to promenade over and alongside the sea at all times. The world's longest pleasure pier is at Southend-on-sea, Essex, and extends 1.3 miles (2.1 km) into the Thames estuary. With a length", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1958573", "score": "0.9556459", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Llandudno Pier", "text": "Pier is often chosen for Victorian and Edwardian seaside filming locations, notably for the 2002 TV production of \"The Forsyte Saga\". It also featured prominently on a 2013 advert for Volkswagen Citations Sources Llandudno Pier Llandudno Pier is a Grade II* listed pier in the seaside resort of Llandudno, North Wales, United Kingdom. At , the pier is the longest in Wales and the fifth longest in England and Wales. In 2005, was voted \"Pier of the Year 2005\" by the members of the National Piers Society. At the end of the pier is a deep-water landing stage, completely rebuilt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8144962", "score": "0.9521657", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pier", "text": "architectural merit still standing, although some have been lost, including two at Brighton in East Sussex one at New Brighton in the Wirral and three at Blackpool in Lancashire. Two piers, Brighton's now derelict West Pier and Clevedon Pier, were Grade 1 listed. The Birnbeck Pier in Weston-super-Mare is the only pier in the world linked to an island. The National Piers Society gives a figure of 55 surviving seaside piers in England and Wales. Pier A pier is a raised structure in a body of water, typically supported by well-spaced piles or pillars. Bridges, buildings, and walkways may all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1958579", "score": "0.9507787", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Withernsea", "text": "5,980. Like many seaside resorts, Withernsea has a wide promenade which reaches north and south from Pier Towers, the historic entrance to the pier, built in 1877 at a cost of £12,000. The pier was originally 399 yards (365 metres) long, but was gradually reduced in length through several impacts by local ships, starting with the \"Saffron\" in 1880 before the collision by an unnamed ship in 1888, again by a Grimsby fishing boat and again by the \"Henry Parr\" in 1893, leaving the once grand pier with a mere 50 feet (15 metres) of damaged wood and steel, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3548758", "score": "0.94616175", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Skegness Pier", "text": "Skegness Pier Skegness Pier is a pleasure pier in Skegness, England. Opened in June 1881, it was at the time the fourth longest in England, originally stretching a length of . When originally built, it was a T-shaped pier with a saloon/concert hall at the pier head. Steamboat trips ran from the pier to Norfolk until 1910. During World War II, the pier closed in an attempt to prevent enemy invasion. A severe storm in 1978 caused significant damage to the pier, isolating the pier head and shelters which were ultimately demolished in the mid-1980s due to the significant costs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15152839", "score": "0.94298434", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Southend-on-Sea", "text": "the UK. Southend-on-Sea is home to the world's longest pleasure pier, built in 1830 and stretching some from shore. The Kursaal was one of the earliest theme parks, built at the start of the 20th century. It closed in the 1970s and much of the land was developed as housing. The entrance hall, a listed building, is a bowling alley arcade operated by Megabowl and casino. A short funicular railway, constructed in 1912, links the seafront to the High Street level of the town. The lift re-opened to the public in 2010, following a period of refurbishment. An amusement park", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1657062", "score": "0.9392384", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Yarmouth, Isle of Wight", "text": "ship's captain, drunk after a court dinner, stole what he thought was a case of wine, as he returned to his ship. When he discovered it was a case of books, he threw it overboard. Yarmouth Pier was opened in 1876. It received Grade 2 listed status in 1975. Originally 685 ft (207.5m) long, it's now 609 ft (186m) but is still the longest timber pier in England open to the public, and also a docking point for the MV Balmoral and PS Waverley. Several Sites of Special Scientific Interest lie close to Yarmouth, including Yar Estuary SSSI & Bouldnor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2319593", "score": "0.9385581", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Felixstowe Pier", "text": "has been inaccessible since around 1999 due to corrosion and rotten timer beams supporting the pier deck. The original plan involved demolishing this section of pier until an alternate proposal to retain it was put forward. Citations Sources Felixstowe Pier Felixstowe Pier is a pleasure pier in the Edwardian seaside town of Felixstowe, Suffolk, England. The pier opened in August 1905 with a total length of with its own railway station and was once one of the longest in the country. Steamer services operated from the pier to various destinations. During the war, the pier was sectioned to reduce the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520256", "score": "0.9367361", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Pier", "text": "storms in 1978 and was never repaired. The longest iron pleasure pier still remaining in Southend-on-Sea,Essex and dates from 1829 - however the world's oldest iron pier dates from 1834 and is in Gravesend, Kent. In a 2006 UK poll, the public voted the seaside pier onto the list of icons of England. Many piers are built for the purpose of providing boatless anglers access to fishing grounds that are otherwise inaccessible. Many \"Free Piers\" are available in larger harbors which differ from private piers. Free Piers are often primarily used for fishing. See the List of piers article for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1958575", "score": "0.93537235", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Somerset", "text": "Barry and Cardiff as well as Ilfracombe and Lundy Island. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK. In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol. For long-distance holiday traffic travelling through the county to and from Devon and Cornwall, Somerset is often regarded as a marker on the journey. North–south traffic moves through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "624663", "score": "0.9346105", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Swanage Pier", "text": "out major restoration work on the piers piles and timbers and ironwork fittings. Today the pier is open to the public once again. Small scale ferry services run, mainly to Poole Quay. The pier also hosts a successful diving school, the oldest in the UK, and is visited annually by historic steamers including the Waverley paddle steamer. The pier is a popular training site for new and qualified divers because it is one of the few sheltered sea diving sites on the south coast. It has easy access from adjacent car parks, it has depths of only 4 metres and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8092896", "score": "0.9311414", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Southend Pier", "long_answer": "Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending 1.34 miles (2.16 km) into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that \"the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier\". The pier is a Grade II listed building.", "chunked_long_answer": "Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending 1.34 miles (2.16 km) into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that \"the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier\". The pier is a Grade II listed building.", "short_answers": [ "Southend Pier" ] }

[ "Henry" ]

[ { "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "The day before her wedding, Cora questions her plans; she is unlikely to become queen as Henry is fifth in line to the throne, while Rumplestiltskin, with whom she has been having an affair, offers her love. They agree to amend the contract so Cora owes Rumplestiltskin his child. He also agrees to teach her how to take a heart, so that she can kill King Xavier. That night, she confronts the king. He reveals that he knows of her relationship with Rumplestiltskin; telling her that \"love is weakness,\" he lays out her choice between love and power. Cora returns", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mother (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "by finding her the love that Tinker Bell spoke of. But Regina, having been upset with Tinker Bell previously, says she'll believe it when she sees it. Later on, Cora heads to the bar to find Robin, where she learns from the Sheriff of Nottingham that Robin is a thief and is now married. This gives Cora the idea to make the sheriff the true love for her daughter, by conjuring up a tattoo that is similar to the one Robin Hood had, and dressing him up in clothing similar to Robin\"s. Unfortunately, Regina catches on to what Cora did", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18744271", "score": "1.1655678", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Bleeding Through (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to her aid, and it's revealed to be Prince Leopold, the future husband of Princess Eva (who he has yet to meet) and the future father of Snow White. As Leopold and Cora start to bond together, this eventually leads the two to get engaged. However, this union would start to unravel when Jonathan visits Cora in the gazebo and threatens to blackmail her because she hid the truth about the unborn baby and he has become greedy by using her. Cora decides to buy his silence by giving him gold in return, not knowing that Eva, who just arrived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999302", "score": "1.1472578", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Bleeding Through (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to the palace, has been eavesdropping on their conversation. She uses that to her advantage later on at the banquet hall, where after Leopold, who has been hearing rumors of Cora's deception, learns from Eva about her after Cora lies to him about not being pregnant. Eva then tells Leopold to check Cora's pockets, which he discovers is laced with jewelry. Cora is then escorted out of the palace and Eva consoles Leopold, promising that she'll be able to give him an heir that is pure as snow after they are married. Months later, Cora gives birth to Zelena and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999303", "score": "1.0756681", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to appear and give Cora a taste of the power that will drive her over the edge.\" Amy Ratcliffe of IGN rated this episode 9.5 out of 10. The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time) \"The Miller's Daughter\" is the 16th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 38th episode overall. It aired on March 10, 2013. It was written by Jane Espenson and directed by Ralph Hemecker. This episode centers around Cora as she tries to kill Mr. Gold, while flashbacks show her past with Rumplestiltskin. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17151911", "score": "1.071983", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Queen of Hearts (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "him to another part of the Enchanted Forest to erect a magical barrier that will protect them from the curse. Cora explains that the curse is destined to be broken after 28 years, during which they will be frozen. Once the curse is broken, Cora will reconcile with her daughter, who will be distraught over her defeat, and \"help her pick up the pieces.\" Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), Aurora (Sarah Bolger), and Mulan (Jamie Chung) reach Rumplestiltskin's cell, and Emma learns for the first time that he knew beforehand that she would be the savior. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16934223", "score": "1.0544639", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time) \"The Miller's Daughter\" is the 16th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 38th episode overall. It aired on March 10, 2013. It was written by Jane Espenson and directed by Ralph Hemecker. This episode centers around Cora as she tries to kill Mr. Gold, while flashbacks show her past with Rumplestiltskin. A spinning wheel is featured in the forest. A young Cora (Rose McGowan) admonishes her father, a drunkard miller, and delivers flour to the palace in his stead. Princess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17151896", "score": "1.0540524", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bleeding Through (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "will come back in two weeks with a ring of gold, and proves it by giving Cora a ring he made out of straw. But when Jonathan tells Cora that he has to leave the next day, Cora decides that she is going to sleep with him that evening. Two months later, we find a now-pregnant Cora soaking wet in the rain and her straw ring coming apart, upset that Jonathan never returned. When she reaches the castle, Cora is shocked to learn Jonathan is actually a gardener; She screams in shock and as he takes off, a person comes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999301", "score": "1.0506582", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Bleeding Through (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "was, a young Cora is duped by a man claiming to be a prince, and she finds herself alone and pregnant. But a chance meeting with a real prince could lead Cora to the royal life she's always craved, but she must keep her pregnancy a secret or else risk losing everything. The tornado forms in the forest. In the years before the first curse, a young bar girl named Cora is swept off her feet by a gentleman named Jonathan, who tells her that he is a prince. He makes an \"I promise you the world\"-type vow that he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999300", "score": "1.0438668", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "retrieves his hook and brings her to Regina. When she discovers the truth about Zelena's feelings for Hades' from Regina, Cora suspects that her daughter is being played for a fool by Hades, so she makes a potion from the Lethe that would make Zelena forget about Hades. When Cora finally meets Zelena, this mother-daughter reunion doesn't go smoothly as planned, and even Zelena is on to what they did with the water from the River Lethe they put the spell on, as she turns down her mother's false apology. This leads to a fight between Regina and Zelena but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19414770", "score": "1.0397564", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Into the Deep (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) are alive in the Enchanted Forest. When he wakes up, he reveals this to David (Josh Dallas) and Regina (Lana Parrilla), and tells them that his mother and grandmother are now threatened by Cora (Barbara Hershey). Regina finds Mr. Gold (Robert Carlyle) while he is eating with Belle (Emilie de Ravin), and they discuss Cora; they thought her to be dead, and Regina believed she had seen her mother's body. Regina points out that Gold's feelings for Belle are now a weakness Cora can exploit, and he agrees to help prevent Cora", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16926513", "score": "1.0344672", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Queen of Hearts (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "hook by the Evil Queen/Regina who asks for his help in casting the Dark Curse. He agrees after she explains that the Dark One will be rendered an easily killed mortal man by the curse. His assignment is to travel to Wonderland via Jefferson's hat and kill her mother, Cora (Barbara Hershey), whom Regina previously banished to that land. She enchants his hook so that it can be used to remove Cora's heart, and no more than one heart. He is sent with the corpse of the guard he killed, so that he can bring Cora's body back in accordance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16934220", "score": "1.031011", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Zelena (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "observed during Emma and Killian's wedding. Zelena was also an ally to Rumplestiltskin in Season 4, King Arthur in Season 5 and the Evil Queen in Season 6. Clinging to her dream to being more than a miller's daughter, Cora abandons her child in the woods, where a passing cyclone whisks the babe to Oz. Whilst walking along the yellow brick road, a woodcutter and his wife witness a cyclone and a small baby fall through it. The woman wishes to raise the baby as their own but her husband is more skeptical after seeing the baby move a tree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080606", "score": "1.0308597", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Queen of Hearts (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "with the hat's \"one goes in, one comes back\" rule. In Wonderland, Hook is brought before the Queen of Hearts, who reveals herself to be Cora. Hook attacks her with the enchanted hook, but fails to remove her heart as she does not keep it in her chest. She takes hold of his heart and forces him to divulge everything. After he tells her everything, she does not take control of him, as she knows Regina would detect it. Instead, she convinces him to side with her by explaining that Regina's curse would strip him of his identity, rendering him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16934221", "score": "1.0300845", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mother (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Enchanted Forest before the first curse, the Evil Queen Regina stumbles upon a wedding being held on land that is off limits on her palace grounds. She makes it clear that she does not tolerate this kind of intrusion, by pulling the heart out of the groom and crushing it in front of his bride, the families, and friends. Regina then noticed a flower on Daniel's grave, and spots Cora, who pays her a visit on the anniversary of Daniel's death. Cora says she is there to apologize and make things right, and that she wants to see Regina happy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18744270", "score": "1.0221072", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Cricket Game", "text": "to live alone with her misery. On Snow White and Prince Charming's wedding day, Rumplestiltskin comes to the Evil Queen and tells her that the protection spell would lose its effect if they traveled to a different land. The Queen calls for a carriage to take her to the wedding. Cora (Barbara Hershey) and Captain Hook (Colin O'Donoghue) moor Hook's ship in Storybrooke. Hook wants them to go their separate ways, but Cora points out that Storybrooke now has magic, and he will be unable to defeat Rumplestiltskin without her help. To hide their presence, Cora makes the ship invisible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17016765", "score": "1.019428", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Consequently, Cora visits Oz to bring back Zelena, who just used her magic to restock the logs she dropped. This angers her abusive adoptive father, who doesn't want Zelena to use her “wicked” magic. Cora immediately freezes the woodcutter as he is about to hit her (her adoptive mother wasn't around to protect Zelena this time), then gives Zelena the opportunity to prove that her magic can be used for good, which she accepts. As Zelena is able to wake Regina, the two are unaware of their being sisters at first, but over time become close, and quickly realize that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19414766", "score": "1.0189102", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lady of the Lake (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "a family. Inside the pit, Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) comes face to face with Cora (Barbara Hershey), who wants to talk to her. Cora explains to Emma who she is, and claims to be nothing like the Evil Queen/Regina (Lana Parrilla). Snow White/Mary Margaret wakes up and, recognizing Cora, warns Emma not to trust her. Emma, however, believes Cora might be telling the truth. Emma and Snow/Mary Margaret are later released from the pit and meet Sir Lancelot, who immediately recognizes Snow/Mary Margaret and apologizes for their harsh treatment. While Princess Aurora (Sarah Bolger) seethes at Lancelot's warm treatment, Mulan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16843073", "score": "1.0189009", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Zelena (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "is actually adopted to which she responds by walking out on him and going to ask the Wizard of Oz for help. Arriving at the Wizard's palace, she explains her situation to the great Wizard. She discovers that her birth mother was Cora and that Zelena was originally from the Enchanted Forest. At Zelena's request to visit this world, the Wizard supplies her with silver slippers that allows the wearer to visit any location so Zelena could find out more about her birth family. After meeting Rumplestiltskin, Zelena learns how to use her magic but also discovers that her younger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080609", "score": "1.0131493", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "gave the episode a 3.9 out of 5. Gwen Inhat of \"The AV Club\" gave the episode a B+. Sisters (Once Upon a Time) \"Sisters\" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired on April 24, 2016. In this episode, Regina and Cora work together to keep Zelena away from Hades; and James impersonates David. In flashbacks, Cora brings Zelena to the Enchanted Forest to save Regina's life. An Underworld windmill is featured in the red-tinted forest. The Enchanted Forest events take place years after \"The Miller's Daughter\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19414779", "score": "1.0122354", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time) \"Sisters\" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired on April 24, 2016. In this episode, Regina and Cora work together to keep Zelena away from Hades; and James impersonates David. In flashbacks, Cora brings Zelena to the Enchanted Forest to save Regina's life. An Underworld windmill is featured in the red-tinted forest. The Enchanted Forest events take place years after \"The Miller's Daughter\" and years before \"The Stable Boy\". The Oz events take place years after the first flashback scene of \"It's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19414764", "score": "1.0117371", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "gold, and offers to do so in exchange for her first-born child; he reveals that \"she is very important\" in the future he has seen. Cora asks Rumplestiltskin to teach her how to spin gold herself; to which he agrees and she signs his contract. Rumplestiltskin teaches Cora that magic is channeled through emotion rather than thought, and that he uses the anger he felt at being forced to kiss a man's boots in front of his son. As Cora imagines forcing the royals to bow to her, the straw changes to gold in her hands. Cora presents the gold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17151899", "score": "1.0086412", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hook (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Cora in Wonderland. In order to test him for weakness, the Queen revealed to him that his father still lived and ordered Hook to kill him. Though the pirate was at first resistant, he eventually murdered his father in cold blood upon realizing that he had tried to replace the sons he abandoned with a new son, also named Liam. The Queen's test eventually proved pointless, as while in Wonderland, Cora used Hook's own weakness against him. Hook betrayed Regina and forged an alliance with Cora, as Regina's deal would involve amnesia. As Cora points out, it would be difficult", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19078563", "score": "1.0065429", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Cora's heart, explaining that all of their problems are caused by Cora's inability to love Regina or anyone else without her heart inside her. David later finds Mary Margaret there in a state of shock over her own actions. As Gold nears death, Cora breaks through Emma's spell and magically sends Emma and Neal away. Gold asks Cora if she ever loved him. She admits that she did, and that was why she had to remove her heart; he had become her weakness. Cora is about to kill him with the dagger when Regina restores her heart. Cora experiences a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17151906", "score": "0.99637765", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Zelena (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "that they're sisters, Cora erased their memories of having met each other because her presence could alter Regina's future as the Queen. Zelena is sent back to Oz with her memories of meeting her mother and Regina wiped. \" Time passes as Zelena grows into an adult. Zelena is reduced to helping her father and shaving her father. During one shave, she accidentally cuts him and uses magic to produce a cloth. This angers the woodcutter who declares that she is wicked and that he only looked after her because Zelena's 'mother' wanted the girl. He then reveals that Zelena", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080608", "score": "0.9905513", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Stable Boy", "text": "Cora comes in and tells her to be gentle. As the two talk, Cora tells Snow White not to fear her, then asks the little girl why Regina has pulled away from her. Snow tells her to not make Regina get married if she wants her to be happy, and that she doesn't love her father. Not wanting Regina to lose her mother like she had, Snow tells Cora about Daniel. That night, Regina runs into the stable where Daniel is ready to go to make their getaway. They embrace just before Cora arrives and locks the stable. Cora says", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16260648", "score": "0.98979396", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Zelena (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "was not there. \" Intending to prove that Cora deserted the wrong daughter, she moves forward with creating a time travel spell, by getting the Scarecrow's brain. Before she can, Dorothy storms the palace to stop her. While Zelena prepares to finish her with a fireball, Dorothy's dog Toto wanders the room without her noticing. Zelena tosses the fireball at Dorothy, who ducks, with the flame incinerating a guard instead. Toto then pulls at a wall string, making the curtains topple onto Zelena, giving Dorothy time to flee with her dog and the Scarecrow. Blaming the munchkins for Dorothy's return,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080615", "score": "0.98637044", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Mother (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "a potion that will leave her unable to do so, in order to \"hurt\" her mother and to prevent Cora from manipulating her. Despite Cora's explanation that all she really ever wanted was for her to be happy, a pained Regina tells her mother that she just doesn't want to hear any more. Then, she tells Cora to return to Wonderland, and that she doesn't need her. At the bar in New York City, Regina discusses with Robin, who had moved on with Zelena because she's pregnant with his child, and because he didn't realize until recently that \"Marian\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18744273", "score": "0.9841846", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Swan Song (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "meant to be, only to suddenly abandon him and his brother, as he sold his sons into servitude, because Brennan was a wanted man and the ship was stolen. Years later in The Enchanted Forest, Regina recruits Hook to kill Cora, and takes Hook to a tavern, where she requires Hook to kill his father, who is now the tavern's owner. After the tavern closes, Hook confronts Brennan, who explains that his attempt to flee the law failed and was put under a sleeping curse as punishment; Brennan fell in love with the sound of his nurse's voice and she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19110109", "score": "0.9814983", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Sisters (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "they're related, when Zelena accidentally opens Cora's wand box, leading to Cora admitting that Regina and Zelena are sisters. Despite Regina's pleas to have Zelena in her life, Cora, believing that Zelena's presence will interfere with Regina's future of becoming the next queen, wipes both of their memories and sends Zelena back to Oz. As they look at the burning night sky over the Underworld Storybrooke, Hades and Zelena are on a date, as he explained why he created the world for her, then tells Zelena that he wants to follow her back to the real Storybrooke, if he is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19414767", "score": "0.9796468", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)", "long_answer": "The day before her wedding, Cora questions her plans; she is unlikely to become queen as Henry is fifth in line to the throne, while Rumplestiltskin, with whom she has been having an affair, offers her love. They agree to amend the contract so Cora owes Rumplestiltskin his child. He also agrees to teach her how to take a heart, so that she can kill King Xavier. That night, she confronts the king. He reveals that he knows of her relationship with Rumplestiltskin; telling her that \"love is weakness,\" he lays out her choice between love and power. Cora returns to her room carrying a heart in a box. Later, she meets Rumplestilskin and informs him that she did not take the king's heart, and that she is going to marry the prince instead of running away with Rumplestiltskin. The heart she removed was her own, to prevent it from being an obstacle. Rumplestiltskin tries to invoke their contract, but she points out that he only has a claim on his own child, which she will never bear.", "chunked_long_answer": "The day before her wedding, Cora questions her plans; she is unlikely to become queen as Henry is fifth in line to the throne, while Rumplestiltskin, with whom she has been having an affair, offers her love. They agree to amend the contract so Cora owes Rumplestiltskin his child. He also agrees to teach her how to take a heart, so that she can kill King Xavier. That night, she confronts the king. He reveals that he knows of her relationship with Rumplestiltskin; telling her that \"love is weakness,\" he lays out her choice between love and power. Cora returns", "short_answers": [ "Henry" ] }

[ "currently a free agent" ]

[ { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "Robert Griffin III Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft, who traded up to get him. Griffin had a successful rookie season with the Redskins, setting records for the highest passer rating and highest touchdown to interception ratio by a rookie quarterback, and leading the Redskins to the top", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758496", "score": "1.2242079", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "According to ESPN's Dollars blog, Griffin had \"earned more than any other rookie in NFL history before throwing his first regular-season pass,\" largely as a result of endorsements. Robert Griffin III Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft, who traded up to get him. Griffin had a successful rookie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758532", "score": "1.1799738", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin (offensive lineman)", "text": "Robert Griffin (offensive lineman) Robert Torrez Griffin (born November 22, 1989) is an American football offensive guard for the Texas Revolution of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). He was selected by the New York Jets in the sixth round, 203rd overall, in the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Baylor University. Griffin attended Navarro College immediately after graduating from high school, before transferring to Baylor in 2010. When he arrived the more famous Robert Griffin III was already on the roster. Sharing the same name as the quarterback brought Griffin some notoriety before the draft. The New York Jets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16475305", "score": "1.1745017", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "made him the first player in the history of the \"Big Four\" professional sports leagues (NFL, MLB, NHL, and NBA) to have a Roman numeral on the back of his jersey, as the NFL changed the rule in 2012 to allow players to include generational titles in their names. Griffin previously had \"Griffin III\" on the back of his jersey while in college, which was actually necessary in order to distinguish him from the other Robert Griffin on the Baylor team. On July 18, 2012, the Redskins officially signed him to a four-year, $21.1 million contract with a $13.8 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758515", "score": "1.1363342", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "be benched for Colt McCoy, heading into Sunday's game against the Indianapolis Colts. After McCoy went down with a neck injury against the New York Giants, Griffin came in and looked impressive in a loss to the Giants, throwing for 236 yards and 1 touchdown passing. Griffin was named the starter for the rest of the year when the Redskins put Colt McCoy on injured reserve. Griffin responded to that with a winning performance in a 27–24 victory over the Eagles. He threw for 220 yards and had one interception. In the final game of the year against the Cowboys,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758526", "score": "1.1002262", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2012 Washington Redskins season", "text": "much-anticipated debut of Robert Griffin III, the second overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft. Griffin started his career as well as possible, going 6/6 on his opening possession, setting up a 37-yard field goal by new Redskins kicker Billy Cundiff. However, the lead would be short lived as Six-time Pro Bowl QB Drew Brees marched his Saints down the field, culminating in a 20-yard touchdown pass to star tight end Jimmy Graham. For the first time, Griffin's resolve was tested, as he marched onto the field trailing for the first time. Griffin was unfazed, and after not completing a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16185886", "score": "1.0989289", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "was further rewarded after he was named \"NFL Rookie of the Week\", and he was given that honor once again after the Redskins' win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 4. On October 4, he was named September's \"NFL Offensive Rookie of the Month.\" The next week against the Atlanta Falcons, he left the game late in the third quarter after suffering a mild concussion after receiving a blow to the head by Sean Weatherspoon. He was cleared to play in the next game against the Minnesota Vikings, where he had another impressive performance that included a 76-yard rushing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758517", "score": "1.0969695", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "season with 3,203 passing yards, 16 passing touchdowns, and 12 interceptions to go along with 86 carries for 489 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown. On September 14, 2014, in Week 2, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Griffin was carted off the field after suffering a dislocated left ankle. X-rays and MRIs revealed no fractures in the ankle. On October 29, it was reported that Griffin was set to return against the Minnesota Vikings in week 9. The Redskins then dropped their next three games, falling to the Vikings, Buccaneers, and 49ers. On November 25, it was reported that Griffin would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758525", "score": "1.0924114", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2013 NFL season", "text": "report's release. Redskins head coach Mike Shanahan made a decision to bench the team's franchise quarterback, Robert Griffin III for the team's final three games of the 2013 season. Griffin had undergone knee surgery after being injured the previous season in which he was named NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year after being selected second overall in the 2012 draft. Griffin was much less productive in his second season. Shanahan stated that the decision to start Kirk Cousins over Griffin was made to protect Griffin from sustaining another injury, although there was speculation that Shanahan was unhappy about Griffin's friendly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14822547", "score": "1.0768237", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Michael Griffin (American football)", "text": "NFL season Griffin played 14 games and for the first time in his seven-year career missed a game. Griffin still finished the season with 82 tackles, 3 forced fumbles, 1 interception and 4 pass deflections. In Griffin's 2014 Season he had a career-high 112 tackles and 3 sacks. Griffin also recorded 2 interceptions and 5 pass deflections while playing all 16 games. In Griffin's ninth season he recorded 101 tackles, 1 sack, 1 interception and 3 pass deflections. On February 9, 2016 Griffin was released ending his 9-year stint with the Titans. Griffin signed with the Minnesota Vikings on March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7618572", "score": "1.0711565", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Don Griffin", "text": "Don Griffin Donald Frederick Griffin (born March 17, 1964 in Pelham, Georgia) is a former professional American football player who was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 1986 NFL Draft. A 6'0\", 176-lb. cornerback from Middle Tennessee State University. Griffin played in 11 NFL seasons from 1986 to 1996. A two-time Super Bowl winner with the 49ers in 1988 and 1989, Griffin also played with the Cleveland Browns from 1994 to 1995 and the Philadelphia Eagles in 1996. The 49ers defense he was part of in 1987 allowed the fewest total yards (4,095/273 per", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8599091", "score": "1.0693942", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "of Arts degree in political science with a 3.67 grade point average in December 2010, began pursuing a Master's in communications in 2011. On January 11, 2012, Griffin officially announced his intention to enter the 2012 NFL Draft. Griffin set or tied 8 single-game, 26 single-season, and 20 career Baylor records. Griffin was not perceived as a first-round draft pick prior to his junior season. By midseason, however, he had drawn the attention of NFL scouts and analysts, and some started projecting he would be an early first round selection. Towards the end of his junior season, Griffin had established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758512", "score": "1.0669003", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "signing bonus. On September 9, 2012, Griffin officially became the NFL's first starting quarterback who was born in the 1990s. In his official debut as a starting quarterback in the NFL, Griffin opened the Redskins' season by completing 19 of 26 passes for 320 yards and 2 touchdowns while adding 10 carries for 42 rushing yards in a 40–32 victory over the New Orleans Saints. He was named \"NFC Offensive Player of the Week\" for his performance – the first time in NFL history that a rookie quarterback has been given that honor for his debut game. Griffin's debut performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758516", "score": "1.062864", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Cedric Griffin", "text": "State Championship. Other standout athletes who played with Griffin on the Holmes football squad include Olympic Gold Medalist in 4 × 400 meter relay Darold Williamson, Robert Quiroga of the Arena Football League, standout defensive tackle at Baylor University Michael Gary, and Division II All-American quarterback from Texas Lutheran University Sean Salinas. After redshirting his freshman year, Griffin played in all 51 games over the next four years, including 44 games as a starter. He recorded 271 tackles (170 solo tackles), broke up 32 passes (ranking in the school's top 15 for pass deflections) and intercepted three others for 29", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7700501", "score": "1.056986", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "Griffin showed strides of his rookie year. He threw for a season-high 336 yards and had 2 touchdowns (one passing, one rushing) in a 44–17 loss. Griffin was 2–5 as a starter in 2014 and the Redskins finished 4–12 and last place in their division. During Week 2 of preseason in a win over the Detroit Lions, Griffin fumbled the ball and recovered it but had a defensive lineman fall on top of him. Griffin suffered a concussion in the process and was questionable for the next game against the Ravens. Griffin was medically cleared for the game by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758527", "score": "1.0557392", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "himself as the No. 2 quarterback prospect for the 2012 NFL Draft, behind the unanimous first pick projection Andrew Luck. Griffin was widely projected to be the No. 2 pick of the draft, but the St. Louis Rams—the team originally holding the pick—had already selected Sam Bradford to be their long-term starting quarterback with the No. 1 overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft. Wanting to stick with Bradford, the Rams decided to deal the pick prior to the draft, with the Cleveland Browns and Washington Redskins perceived as the most interested bidders. After a brief bidding process, the Redskins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758513", "score": "1.0489593", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "May 18, 2008, with a time of 49.22 seconds. Rivals.com, a college football recruiting service, ranked Griffin the fourth-best dual-threat quarterback in the nation and the 42nd-best player in Texas in the high school prospect class of 2008. During the college recruiting period, Griffin was pursued by Stanford, Tennessee, Kansas, Nebraska, Houston, Tulsa, Illinois, Washington State, and Oregon. Griffin initially committed to play for Houston under head coach Art Briles. When Briles left Houston to take the head coaching position at Baylor, Griffin switched his commitment and eventually signed a letter of intent to play for Baylor, in part because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758503", "score": "1.0484188", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Michael Griffin (American football)", "text": "football All-Americans Michael Griffin (American football) Michael Devin Griffin (born January 4, 1985) is a former American football safety who played 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. A native of Austin, Texas, Griffin attended Bowie High School, where he was a two-year starter at running back and also started at defensive back as a senior. He earned honorable mention All-State Class 5A honors on offense and was also named Academic All-District and All-Central Texas as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7618575", "score": "1.048064", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Shaquem Griffin", "text": "the first game of his NFL career due to veteran linebacker K.J. Wright being unable to play. He made three solo tackles in the 27-24 loss to the Denver Broncos at Mile High Stadium. Shaquem Griffin Shaquem Alphonso Griffin (born July 20, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He is the twin brother of Seahawks cornerback Shaquill Griffin, and both brothers played college football for the University of Central Florida Knights. As an amputee with one hand, Shaquem Griffin received extensive media coverage as a prospective 2018 NFL Draft pick.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20428057", "score": "1.0478187", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Shaquill Griffin", "text": "Chicago Bears quarterback Mitchell Trubisky in a 17-24 road loss at Soldier Field. Shaquill Griffin Shaquill Griffin (born July 20, 1995) is an American football cornerback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He is the twin brother of fellow Seahawks player Shaquem Griffin, and both brothers played college football for the University of Central Florida Knights. Shaquill Griffin was born to Tangie and Terry Griffin on July 20, 1995, less than two minutes before Shaquem. Shaquill and Shaquem competed together in track, baseball, and football. Griffin attended Lakewood High School in St. Petersburg, Florida. He played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20132749", "score": "1.0468609", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin (offensive lineman)", "text": "drafted Griffin using their sixth round selection in the 2012 NFL Draft. Griffin signed a four-year contract on May 15, 2012. On August 31, 2012, Griffin was waived. Griffin was signed to the Indianapolis Colts' practice squad on December 12, 2012. He was released on December 18, 2012. Griffin was signed to a reserve/future contract on January 1, 2013. Griffin was waived by the Colts on August 1, 2013. On March 22, 2017, Griffin was released by the Marshals. On March 27, 2017, Griffin signed with the Texas Revolution. Robert Griffin (offensive lineman) Robert Torrez Griffin (born November 22, 1989)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16475306", "score": "1.0414822", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Michael Griffin (American football)", "text": "a Week 16 31-14 win against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Griffin had 2 interceptions returning one for a pick-six. Griffin went on to be named to his first Pro Bowl. In Griffin's third season he finished with 77 tackles, 2 forced fumbles, and 2 fumble recoveries, 1 interception and 7 pass deflections while once again playing all 16 games. Griffin helped the Titans finished the final ten games 8-2 after the team lost the first 6 games. Griffin's fourth season saw him record 108 tackles, 2 forced fumbles, and 2 fumble recoveries, 4 interceptions and 12 pass deflections while playing all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7618569", "score": "1.0408773", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "touchdown. The Redskins ended their home-game losing streak and Griffin was named \"NFL Rookie of the Week\" for a third time. On November 14 during the Redskins' bye week, the team voted Griffin an offensive co-captain. Following the Redskins' 31–6 victory against the Philadelphia Eagles, he was named \"NFC Offensive Player of the Week\" for a second time. Griffin's performance – passing for 200 yards with 4 touchdowns, rushing for an additional 84 yards, and finishing with a perfect 158.3 passer rating – made him the first rookie in NFL history to pass for 200 yards, pass for 4 touchdowns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758518", "score": "1.0398893", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Don Griffin", "text": "game) and fewest passing yards (2,484/165.6 per game) of any NFL team. The Browns defense he was part of in 1994 allowed the fewest points in the NFL (204/12.75 per game). The only team with a losing record he played for was the 1995 Cleveland Browns (5-11). Don Griffin Donald Frederick Griffin (born March 17, 1964 in Pelham, Georgia) is a former professional American football player who was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 1986 NFL Draft. A 6'0\", 176-lb. cornerback from Middle Tennessee State University. Griffin played in 11 NFL seasons from 1986", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8599092", "score": "1.037539", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "John Griffin (American football)", "text": "and was placed on the team's injured reserve list on August 13, 2013. John Griffin (American football) John Anthony Griffin (born December 17, 1988) is an American football running back, who most recently played for the Omaha Mammoths of the Fall Experimental Football League. He signed with the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Northeastern until transferring to the University of Massachusetts for his senior season. He attended Oakmont Regional High School in Massachusetts where he just played one year on the varsity team. He broke the high school record for touchdowns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16997160", "score": "1.0372437", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Michael Griffin (American football)", "text": "Carolina Panthers. On March 5, 2012 Griffin was assigned the franchise tag worth $6.2 million. On June 19, 2012 Griffin signed a 5-year $35 million contract. In Griffin's first season since signing his new contract he had 79 tackles, 2 forced fumbles, 1 sack, 4 interceptions and 4 pass deflections while playing all 16 games for a sixth season in a row. In a week 2 game against the New England Patriots, Griffin record a career-high 18 tackles. On November 9, 2012, Griffin was fined $20,000 for his horse-collar tackle on Chicago Bears running back Matt Forte. In the 2013", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7618571", "score": "1.0371602", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "of their division and their first playoff appearance in five seasons. He won the 2012 NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year award and although unable to participate due to a knee injury he suffered late in the season, was named to enter the 2013 Pro Bowl. However, Griffin was less successful during his subsequent tenure with the Redskins as he was plagued by injuries and poor performance. After suffering a concussion during the 2015 preseason, Griffin was replaced by Kirk Cousins who played the rest of the season. He was released by the team following the end of the season,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758497", "score": "1.0343847", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "million contract with the Cleveland Browns. On August 8, 2016, Browns head coach Hue Jackson named Griffin the team's starting quarterback for the 2016 season. Griffin was placed on injured reserve on September 12, after suffering a shoulder injury in the Browns' season opening loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. He was activated off injured reserve on December 9, 2016, prior to Week 14 against the Bengals. Griffin played in five games, all starts, in 2016, completing 87-of-147 passes for 886 yards and 2 touchdowns with 3 interceptions. He also rushed for 190 yards and two touchdowns. On March 10, 2017,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758529", "score": "1.028785", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Robert Griffin III", "text": "right knee, twisting it in the process. On the final drive of the fourth quarter, Griffin was tackled after rushing for 13 yards and hopped on one leg for several plays before leaving the game. Backup quarterback Kirk Cousins would come in the game and lead the Redskins to a 31–28, overtime victory. The next day it was confirmed that Griffin had sustained a Grade 1 LCL sprain. It was decided that Griffin would sit out the next game against the Cleveland Browns to give him more time to heal and avoid the chance of further injuries. He returned the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12758520", "score": "1.0243981", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Robert Griffin III", "long_answer": "Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft.", "chunked_long_answer": "Robert Lee Griffin III (born February 12, 1990), nicknamed RG3 or RGIII, is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Baylor, where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft.", "short_answers": [ "currently a free agent" ] }

[ "Lilian Bellamy", "Caroline Sterling" ]

[ { "title": "List of The Archers characters", "text": "Caroline Sterling, née Bone, formerly Pemberton (born 3 April 1955; died 2017) (Sara Coward) moved to the village in 1977, aged 22, when she was hired by Sid as barmaid in the Bull. Her career took off when in 1979 Jack Woolley offered her a job at Grey Gables and she eventually became manager. Upon Jack's retirement, she and partner Oliver Sterling managed to raise funds to buy the hotel and she became the proprietor. On her arrival she soon attracted the attention of many of the male villagers — she once had an affair with Brian Aldridge, and was romantically linked with former village doctor, Matthew Thorogood, and businessman and one-time estate owner Cameron Fraser (who disappeared with £60,000 of her savings), and she was engaged to non-stipendiary minister and vet Robin Stokes. In 1995 she married the new owner of the estate, Guy Pemberton (Hugh Dickson). After only seven months of marriage he suffered a fatal heart attack and left her the Dower House and a majority share in the Bull (which she sold to Lilian Bellamy, in order to raise funds to buy Grey Gables). ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mary Archer", "text": "Archer (born 1972), a theatre producer, and James Archer (born 1974), a financial advisor and businessman. The Archers live in the Old Vicarage, Grantchester, near Cambridge, the former home immortalised by Rupert Brooke in a poem of that title. Mary Archer has commented that she does not consider sexual fidelity to be an important factor in a successful marriage, suggesting that friendship and loyalty are more important qualities. Between 1967 and 1974, she supported her husband's political career, first when he became a member of the Greater London Council, then from 1969 when he was elected as MP for Louth,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3058015", "score": "1.1324353", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Patricia Greene", "text": "George Selway in 1959. They were later divorced and she married Cyril Austen Richardson in 1972, by whom she has a son, Charles, born in 1972. She was widowed in 1986. Patricia Greene Patricia Honor Greene (born 1931) is an English television and radio actress, who is best known for her long-standing role as matriarch Jill Archer in the radio serial The Archers. She is the world's longest serving actor in a soap opera, in any medium; coincidentally, the record was previously held by her colleague Norman Painting, who received a listing in \"Guinness World Records\" for his feat. Greene", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11895935", "score": "1.1174141", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Dower house", "text": "death duties upon the unexpected death of the 10th Duke in 1950. Byfleet Manor in Surrey served as the filming location of the dower house in the ITV's series \"Downton Abbey\". Dower house On an English, Scottish or Welsh estate, a dower house is usually a moderately large house available for use by the widow of the estate-owner. The widow, often known as the \"dowager\", usually moves into the dower house from the larger family house on the death of her husband if the heir is married, and upon his marriage if he was single at his succession. The new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4455742", "score": "1.0899118", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Felicity Finch", "text": "Felicity Finch Felicity Finch (born 14 March 1955) is a British actress, known for her Tyneside-accented portrayal of Ruth Archer in \"The Archers\" on BBC Radio 4. She was born in the London Borough of Southwark. She grew up in Eaglescliffe. She attended Grangefield School (now The Grangefield Academy) in Stockton-on-Tees. She has three brothers, born in 1953, 1957 and 1960. She trained at the London Drama Centre (Drama Centre London). She has worked as an actress on TV dramas. She presented \"Something Understood\" on Radio 4 in July 2014. She joined \"The Archers\" in 1987, and has played Ruth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19728011", "score": "1.0710919", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mary Archer", "text": "Lincolnshire. She later supported him during his tenure as deputy chairman of the Conservative Party (1985–86), and again during his ultimately ill-fated campaign to become London Mayor in 1999. In the summer of 1974, the Archers were struck by a financial crisis when Jeffrey lost over £400,000 in a bad investment. Faced with the threat of bankruptcy, the Archers were forced to move out of their large house in The Boltons. Mary Archer took up a teaching post at Cambridge University which, together with her husband's eventual success as a novelist, saved them from financial ruin. In 1987 she gave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3058016", "score": "1.0674663", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Judy Bennett", "text": "at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. In 1976 she married Canadian-English actor Charles Collingwood, who plays \"Archers\" character Brian Aldridge. Actress Jane Collingwood (b. 1979) is their daughter. Judy Bennett Judy Bennett (born 1943) is a Liverpudlian voice actor whose career in radio began with the long-running soap opera \"The Archers\", in which she has played the role of Shula Hebden Lloyd since 1971. She played Shula's twin brother Kenton and younger sister Elizabeth before assuming the role of Shula herself. She has voiced characters in a number of cartoon series, including \"The Perishers\" (1979) and \"Dennis the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17020251", "score": "1.0669028", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jeffrey Archer", "text": "James Archer (born 1974), a financial adviser and businessman. Mary Archer has said that she does not consider sexual fidelity to be an important factor in a successful marriage, suggesting that friendship and loyalty are more important qualities. In 1979 the Archers purchased the Old Vicarage, Grantchester, a house associated with the poet Rupert Brooke. Every summer, they host a lavish garden party in the grounds to celebrate their wedding anniversary. By the early 1980s Archer was back in a comfortable financial position and began to hold shepherd's pie and Krug parties for prominent people at his London apartment, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "217723", "score": "1.0648545", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dowsby Hall", "text": "Dowsby Hall Dowsby Hall is an early 17th-century house situated in Dowsby, Lincolnshire, England, and to the north of Bourne. Originally a much grander house, attributed to the architect John Thorpe, it was converted to farm house in the late 18th century. It is listed Grade II*. From about 1920 to 1987, it was the home of Henry Burtt, who suggested the idea of the radio programme The Archers to the BBC producer Godfrey Baseley. The land on which the house stands was acquired by Thomas Rigdon of Chartham in Kent when he married Anne heiress of Anthony Villiers, whose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19747416", "score": "1.0632542", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ruth Archer", "text": "Ruth Archer Ruth Archer (also Pritchard) is a fictional character from the British BBC Radio 4 soap opera \"The Archers\", played by English actress Felicity Finch. She made her debut in the 15 July 1987 episode. The character was created and introduced to \"The Archers\" as a love interest for established character David Archer (Timothy Bentinck), whose then girlfriend was deemed unsuitable for the role of mother to the next generation of the Archer family by the editor of the show Liz Rigbey. Finch was cast as Ruth after a successful audition. Ruth is portrayed as being strong-willed, determined and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15745161", "score": "1.0539125", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Dower house", "text": "maintains a dower house in London as well as one in the country. Well-known royal dower-houses in London have included Clarence House, Marlborough House, and (for a time during the 18th century) Buckingham Palace (then known as \"Buckingham House\"). Frogmore House has served as Windsor Castle's dower house. The Dukes of Devonshire kept Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire as a dower house from time to time after the 1st Duke moved the family seat to nearby Chatsworth House; it was being so used by the widow of the 9th Duke when it was transferred to the National Trust in satisfaction of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4455741", "score": "1.0539117", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Dower House, Stoke Park", "text": "The Dower House, Stoke Park The Dower House, Stoke Park is a building in Bristol, England. It is one Bristol's more prominent landmarks, set on Purdown, a hill above the M32 motorway on the main approach into the city, and painted yellow. The house was built in 1553 by Sir Richard Berkeley. Rebuilt by Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt circa 1760, it eventually became used as a dower house by the Dukes of Beaufort at nearby Badminton House. This included Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (The son of Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort) and wife Elizabeth Somerset, Duchess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15200617", "score": "1.0434806", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kenneth Gandar-Dower", "text": "Kenneth Gandar-Dower Kenneth Cecil Gandar-Dower (31 August 1908 – 12 February 1944) was a leading English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author. Born at his parents' home in Regent's Park, London, Gandar-Dower was the fourth and youngest son of independently wealthy Joseph Wilson Gandar-Dower and his wife Amelia Frances Germaine. Two of his elder brothers, Eric and Alan Gandar Dower, served as Conservative Members of Parliament. All used different versions of their surname: Gandar-Dower, Gandar Dower and Dower respectively. Gandar-Dower attended Harrow School, where he played cricket, association football, Eton Fives and rackets and, with Terence Rattigan, wrote for \"The Harrovian\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13020456", "score": "1.0420521", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Kenneth Gandar-Dower", "text": "man, Gandar-Dower left over £75,000 in his will. Kenneth Gandar-Dower Kenneth Cecil Gandar-Dower (31 August 1908 – 12 February 1944) was a leading English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author. Born at his parents' home in Regent's Park, London, Gandar-Dower was the fourth and youngest son of independently wealthy Joseph Wilson Gandar-Dower and his wife Amelia Frances Germaine. Two of his elder brothers, Eric and Alan Gandar Dower, served as Conservative Members of Parliament. All used different versions of their surname: Gandar-Dower, Gandar Dower and Dower respectively. Gandar-Dower attended Harrow School, where he played cricket, association football, Eton Fives and rackets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13020464", "score": "1.0407466", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Patricia Greene", "text": "moved to Kirk Street, Chester Green, attending St Paul’s Junior School and the Parkfields Cedars Grammar School. After working as a ward orderly at the Derbyshire Children's Hospital and in the sheet metal factory of Hawk Industries, she went to the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in London in 1951. She has had a lengthy career in radio and film. She is best known for portraying matriarch Jill Archer in the BBC Radio 4 soap The Archers since 1957, joining as Jill Patterson. She has also appeared in \"Casualty\" and \"Doctors\" both in 2000. Greene married English actor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11895934", "score": "1.0403577", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Feudal barony of Dunster", "text": "of the leading fork-lift truck company \"Lancer Boss\", a major employer in Leighton Buzzard, which went into receivership in 1994 due to problems with its German affiliate. Following his marriage in 1973, he retired from the business, having been a director for 17 years, and returned to Dunster, where he obtained a lease of Home Farm from the Crown Commissioners. He has a daughter Serena and a son, Hugh, qualified in estate management, whom he hopes will succeed him in the Home Farm tenancy, and who is also heir to his uncle at East Quantoxhead. He maintains links with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18721637", "score": "1.0399575", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Queen's Bower", "text": "lodge for hunting deer in Borthwood, owned in the 13th century either by Isabella de Fortibus — last \"Queen\" of the Isle of Wight, or King Edward I's queen after he took over the Island. Although somewhere along the line between then and the present, the name has become lost in translation as it is believed to have been originally known as 'Queen Dower' as the land was passed down to her. The only commercial property in the area is the Queen Bower Dairy which is also a caravan park. The National Trust site of Borthwood Copse, which was originally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11026632", "score": "1.0383383", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Viscount Dilhorne", "text": "he is also in remainder to the baronetcy of Churston Court, a title held by his kinsman the Baron Churston. Eliza Manningham-Buller, former Director general of MI5, is the second daughter of the first Viscount. The family seat is The Dower House, near Dorchester, Dorset. The heir apparent is the present holder's son the Hon. James Edward Manningham-Buller (b. 1956).<br> The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Edward John Manningham-Buller (b. 1990). Viscount Dilhorne Viscount Dilhorne, of Greens Norton in the County of Northampton, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1964", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2659775", "score": "1.0296628", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Joyce Jeffreys", "text": "in Widmarsh Street. Joyce then bought a house and garden from another spinster on Widmarsh Street in Hereford. At this time, she did not live alone her goddaughter, Eliza Acton, lived with her until Eliza married in 1643. Joyce maintained her and even provided her dowry of £800, which was a very significant amount. Joyce retained a sizable household that included a manservant named Matthias Rufford, who provided many services to her and remained in her service the rest of her life. In addition she always had three maidservants and a cook and cook’s maid, for whom she provided basic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17612621", "score": "1.0262477", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dower house", "text": "Dower house On an English, Scottish or Welsh estate, a dower house is usually a moderately large house available for use by the widow of the estate-owner. The widow, often known as the \"dowager\", usually moves into the dower house from the larger family house on the death of her husband if the heir is married, and upon his marriage if he was single at his succession. The new heir occupies the now vacated principal house. The dower house might also be occupied by an elder son after his marriage, or simply rented to a tenant. The British royal family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4455740", "score": "1.0260407", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ruth Archer", "text": "alongside him at Brookfield in 1987.\" On 18 November 2005, Finch and six of her co-stars appeared as their respective characters on the BBC's \"Children in Need\" broadcast, alongside presenter Terry Wogan. Ruth joined her husband, David, and friend, Lynda Snell (Carole Boyd), in one of three scenes written especially for the show. Ruth's renowned way of saying \"ooooh nooooh\" has been frequently parodied on the comedy programme \"Dead Ringers\". Bibliography Ruth Archer Ruth Archer (also Pritchard) is a fictional character from the British BBC Radio 4 soap opera \"The Archers\", played by English actress Felicity Finch. She made her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15745194", "score": "1.0259738", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The House of the Arrow (novel)", "text": "The House of the Arrow (novel) The House of the Arrow is a 1924 detective novel by British writer A.E.W. Mason that has inspired several films of the same title. It features the fictional French detective Inspector Hanaud. When Boris Waberski, brother-in-law of the wealthy widow Mrs. Harlowe, attempts to talk her English solicitors into advancing him money on his expectations as her heir, he is ignored. Unknown to Waberski, he has been disinherited in favour of Betty Harlowe, the niece of Mrs. Harlowe's late husband. But when Mrs. Harlowe dies suddenly and Waberski accuses Betty of murder, junior partner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10224983", "score": "1.0181307", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Abbey Dore Court", "text": "no children that his nephew Archer George Prothero would inherit his estates. However when he died in 1908 his Will revealed that he had a wife whom he had married in 1904 and two children. They inherited the property and in 1909 it was sold. The purchaser was William Bailey Partridge of Bacton, Herefordshire. He died shortly after this and his younger son Captain Richard Partridge became the owner of the property. Captain Richard Crawshay Bailey Partridge (1876-1918) who was unmarried was killed in France in 1918. He was awarded the Military Cross and the Croix de Guerre. There is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9241234", "score": "1.0173603", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Patricia Greene", "text": "Patricia Greene Patricia Honor Greene (born 1931) is an English television and radio actress, who is best known for her long-standing role as matriarch Jill Archer in the radio serial The Archers. She is the world's longest serving actor in a soap opera, in any medium; coincidentally, the record was previously held by her colleague Norman Painting, who received a listing in \"Guinness World Records\" for his feat. Greene was born in Allenton, Derby, England. Her family moved to Campion Street in the New Zealand part of the city, where she attended Ashgate Infants School on Ashbourne Road. Later she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11895933", "score": "1.0155663", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Felicity Jones", "text": "the BBC Radio 4 soap opera \"The Archers\", where she played Emma Carter until 2009 (currently played by Emerald O'Hanrahan). In 2003, she starred as Grace May in the BBC drama \"Servants\". She took the leading role in the 2007 ITV adaptation of Jane Austen's \"Northanger Abbey\", and made her stage debut in Polly Stenham's \"That Face\" at the Royal Court Theatre in April 2007. In 2008, she appeared in the films \"Brideshead Revisited\" and \"Flashbacks of a Fool\", the \"Doctor Who\" episode \"The Unicorn and the Wasp\" and a revival of Enid Bagnold's \"The Chalk Garden\" at the Donmar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7488600", "score": "1.0148963", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Archers", "text": "listening figures. Partly established with the aim towards educating farmers following World War II, \"The Archers\" soon became a popular source of entertainment for the population at large, attracting nine million listeners by 1953. \"The Archers\" is set in the fictional village of Ambridge in the fictional county of Borsetshire, in England. Borsetshire is situated between, in reality, the contiguous counties of Worcestershire and Warwickshire, south of Birmingham in The Midlands. Possibly based on the village of Cutnall Green, various other villages claim to be the inspiration for Ambridge; \"The Bull\", Ambridge's pub, is modelled on The Old Bull in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629315", "score": "1.0131412", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Abbey Dore Court", "text": "a memorial window in St Mary’s Church in Abbey Dore with an inscription. In 1919 the house was advertised for sale and was sold to Lewis’s nephew (mentioned above) Lieutenant Colonel Archer George Prothero (1869-1929) who had frequently visited the estate when he was a child to see his uncle. He lived there with his wife Lavinia for ten years and in 1929 he died. His obituary was in “The Times” and can be read at this reference. As he had no children the estate was inherited by his eldest sister Evelyn Mary Frances Wiseman-Clarke. When she died in 1958", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9241235", "score": "1.0091289", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Annabelle Dowler", "text": "drama, including BBC Radio 4's productions of Agatha Christie's \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\" and Monica Dickens's \"My Turn to Make the Tea\". Since 2001, she has played Kirsty Miller in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera \"The Archers\". Annabelle Dowler Annabelle Dowler (born 1973) is an English actress. She was born and raised in Formby, Merseyside and attended Holy Family High School. She studied Spanish and Drama at the University of Bristol before touring Spain with a bilingual drama group. She has worked in theatre including the National Theatre, Liverpool Everyman, Liverpool Playhouse and the Creation Theatre in Oxford.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11314569", "score": "1.006494", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "R. W. Ketton-Cremer", "text": "in Norfolk, and was known as \"the Last Squire\". He inherited the estate on the death of his father in 1933. Wyndham Ketton-Cremer's heir, his younger brother Richard, died in Crete during the Second World War. Ketton-Cremer also owned the Beeston Regis estate, including what is now Beeston Hall School. Ketton-Cremer never married. He was a closet homosexual, at a time when homosexual acts were still criminalised though close friends were aware of his sexuality. He stood godfather to the children of his friends, including Tristram Powell, son of novelist Anthony Powell, to whom the novel \"The Kindly Ones\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16987766", "score": "1.0029675", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dower & Hall", "text": "Dower & Hall Dower & Hall is a British Jewellery brand that was established in 1990 by husband and wife team Dan Dower & Diane Hall. The brand has two standalone stores in London and Glasgow and are also stocked by independents and department stores, such as John Lewis and Fenwick, around the country. Dower & Hall was founded with the aid of a Prince’s Trust business loan. The brands initial success soon led to their first store opening in 1995 in Knightsbridge and their Glasgow store, which followed in 2004. The brand has gone from strength to strength with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19713145", "score": "1.00232", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "List of The Archers characters", "long_answer": "Caroline Sterling, née Bone, formerly Pemberton (born 3 April 1955; died 2017) (Sara Coward) moved to the village in 1977, aged 22, when she was hired by Sid as barmaid in the Bull. Her career took off when in 1979 Jack Woolley offered her a job at Grey Gables and she eventually became manager. Upon Jack's retirement, she and partner Oliver Sterling managed to raise funds to buy the hotel and she became the proprietor. On her arrival she soon attracted the attention of many of the male villagers — she once had an affair with Brian Aldridge, and was romantically linked with former village doctor, Matthew Thorogood, and businessman and one-time estate owner Cameron Fraser (who disappeared with £60,000 of her savings), and she was engaged to non-stipendiary minister and vet Robin Stokes. In 1995 she married the new owner of the estate, Guy Pemberton (Hugh Dickson). After only seven months of marriage he suffered a fatal heart attack and left her the Dower House and a majority share in the Bull (which she sold to Lilian Bellamy, in order to raise funds to buy Grey Gables). When Oliver Sterling moved to the village she began an affair with him and they eventually moved into Grange Farm together. They were married in June 2006. Sara Coward died on 13 February 2017. In the episode on 11 July 2017, it was revealed that Caroline had died suddenly but peacefully at the Sterlings' second home in Italy.", "chunked_long_answer": "Caroline Sterling, née Bone, formerly Pemberton (born 3 April 1955; died 2017) (Sara Coward) moved to the village in 1977, aged 22, when she was hired by Sid as barmaid in the Bull. Her career took off when in 1979 Jack Woolley offered her a job at Grey Gables and she eventually became manager. Upon Jack's retirement, she and partner Oliver Sterling managed to raise funds to buy the hotel and she became the proprietor. On her arrival she soon attracted the attention of many of the male villagers — she once had an affair with Brian Aldridge, and was romantically linked with former village doctor, Matthew Thorogood, and businessman and one-time estate owner Cameron Fraser (who disappeared with £60,000 of her savings), and she was engaged to non-stipendiary minister and vet Robin Stokes. In 1995 she married the new owner of the estate, Guy Pemberton (Hugh Dickson). After only seven months of marriage he suffered a fatal heart attack and left her the Dower House and a majority share in the Bull (which she sold to Lilian Bellamy, in order to raise funds to buy Grey Gables). ", "short_answers": [ "Caroline Sterling", "Lilian Bellamy" ] }

[ "Brooks & Dunn" ]

[ { "title": "That Ain't No Way to Go", "text": "\"That Ain't No Way To Go\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album Hard Workin' Man. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was written by Kix Brooks, Ronnie Dunn and Don Cook.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ain't No Way", "text": "Ain't No Way \"Ain't No Way\" is a song written by singer-songwriter Carolyn Franklin and sung by her elder sister Aretha Franklin as the B-side to her 1968 hit, \"(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone\". This song should not be confused with a different song of the same title, recorded by Aretha Franklin on her 2003 CD \"So Damn Happy\": \"Ain't No Way\" by Barry J. Eastmond and Gordon Chambers. Written by Carolyn Franklin, her sister Aretha recorded the song and released it on her acclaimed \"Lady Soul\" album. Released as the B-side of her top-five hit single, \"(Sweet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13815843", "score": "0.9058886", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ain't No Cure for Love", "text": "see you’ve been so careful to forget how good it was I’m never givin' in Oh I’m never givin' up babe There ain’t no cure Oh there ain’t no cure for love There ain’t no cure for love Ain’t no cure for love No pill no drug (no, no) There’s nothin' pure enough I can’t get nothin' done (no, no) I can’t be with anyone There ain’t no cure There ain't no cure for love.</poem> By contrast, however, Cohen himself sings: <poem>There ain’t no cure for love There ain’t no cure for love All the rocket ships are climbing through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8812036", "score": "0.86124563", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ain't No Way", "text": "the show. In 2011, Joe Bonamassa and Beth Hart covered the song in their collaborative album, \"Don't Explain\". In 2013, singer Sasha Allen performed the song in \"The Voice\". In December 2017, singer Demi Lovato covered the song for \"Spotify Singles\". In 2017, British Hip-Hip group Corners sampled the song in their track of the same name on their debut album, “Corners”. Ain't No Way \"Ain't No Way\" is a song written by singer-songwriter Carolyn Franklin and sung by her elder sister Aretha Franklin as the B-side to her 1968 hit, \"(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone\". This song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13815846", "score": "0.8609353", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Charity Zisengwe", "text": "before going into the studio to record. She returned to the conference in 2006 and this time she participated in the songwriting competition and one of her songs titled There Is A Way, won first place. Charity went to Jeffrey B Rogers Music and Creative Services studio to record her debut CD armed with her lyrics and her voice, and no back-up singers. Rogers produced her album. She recorded all the vocals, with all three-part harmonies. In 2006 \"There Is A Way\", one of the songs on her self-titled debut CD, won the first place prize in the songwriting competition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11272503", "score": "0.8512256", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "There's Got to Be a Way", "text": "There's Got to Be a Way \"There's Got to Be a Way\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her self-titled debut studio album (1990). Columbia released it as the fifth and final single from the album in the United Kingdom. It was one of four songs Carey wrote with Ric Wake during their first recording session together in February 1990, but \"There's Got to Be a Way\" was the only composition to make the final track listing. It is a socio-political conscious R&B-pop song which addresses the existence of poverty, racism and war in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5032290", "score": "0.85049856", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "There Goes", "text": "There Goes \"There Goes\" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Alan Jackson. It was released in July 1997 as the fourth single from his album, \"Everything I Love\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The narrator is being seduced by a woman he was trying to play hard to get with but its to no avail when she gets near him and whispers his name. \"There Goes\" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 12, 1997.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11026907", "score": "0.84214073", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ain't That Just the Way", "text": "Ain't That Just the Way \"Ain't That Just The Way\" is a song written by Bruce Belland, Glen Larson and Stu Phillips. Barbi Benton originally recorded it for release as the B-side of her 1975 single \"The Reverend Bob\". It became a major hit in Sweden, topping the Swedish singles chart for 10 weeks in 1977. In 1978, it appeared on her album with the same name. The song was performed in the \"McCloud\" TV series. In 1996 Lutricia McNeal's cover of \"Ain't That Just the Way\" became a huge hit in Europe. American singer Lutricia McNeal released her version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18421072", "score": "0.8390285", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "What a Way to Go (song)", "text": "What a Way to Go (song) \"What a Way to Go\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \"What a Way to Go\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February 1991. Kennedy's version featured an altered verse from the original. To make the single more suitable for radio airplay, the line", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15008136", "score": "0.83789045", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ain't No Way", "text": "on her 1997 HBO special, \"Classic Whitney Live from Washington, D.C.\", and the 1999 VH-1 \"Divas Live\" special as a duet with Mary J. Blige. In 2005, Blige covered the track as a duet with Patti LaBelle off LaBelle's \"Classic Moments\" album, with their version peaking at number 18 on the R&B charts. LaBelle had performed the song as a tribute to Franklin at the Essence Awards in 1994. Christina Aguilera performed the song to great acclaim in a tribute to Aretha during the 53rd Grammy Awards. Also, Amber Riley, who portrays Mercedes Jones in \"Glee\", covered the song for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13815845", "score": "0.83729076", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Triumphant (Get 'Em)", "text": "Carey's vocals spans the tonal range of G to B belt and G high note. The track opens with Mill, whose verse quickly sums up the theme of the track: \"The only way to make it to the top is if you go and get it from the bottom ... I remember they said that it ain't my turn/ Just look at me now/ Try to hold me down, but I ain't gonna stop/ 'Cause I'm gonna climb to the mountaintop.\" During the song's chorus, Carey sings of not being able to be torn down by others and \"staying triumphant\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16666519", "score": "0.83600736", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere", "text": "former vocalist of Shenandoah, also covered the song on his 2006 album, \"When the Sand Runs Out\". Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová recorded the song for the soundtrack album to Todd Haynes' 2007 Dylan biopic, \"I'm Not There\", using the lyrics from Dylan's 1971 version, including the reference to Roger McGuinn. The Dandy Warhols covered \"You Ain't Goin' Nowhere\" on the 2009 digital download edition of their album \"The Dandy Warhols Are Sound\" and as part of their September 1, 2011 Daytrotter session. Actor Oscar Isaac (with Kate Mara and Chad Fischer) performed a version of the song in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9670963", "score": "0.83400077", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "There Goes My Everything (song)", "text": "goes the one of my dreams/There goes my only possession/There goes my everything\". There Goes My Everything (song) \"There Goes My Everything\" is a popular song written by Dallas Frazier and published in 1965. The song is best known in a 1966 version by Jack Greene whose version spent seven weeks at the top of the US country music chart, with a total of twenty-one weeks on the chart. It peaked at 65 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also won several awards, including \"Single of the Year\" and \"Song of the Year\" at the very first CMA Awards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10906097", "score": "0.82997376", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ain't That Just the Way", "text": "of \"Ain't That Just the Way\" in 1996. It was a huge hit in Europe and was also included on her debut-album \"My Side of Town\" in 1997. The single topped the charts of Sweden in mid-November 1996. It also reached number two in Austria, France, The Netherlands and New Zealand. Lutricia McNeal first came to notice as the lead singer of Swedish dance act Rob'n'Raz. Their 1993-hit \"In Command\" went to number 1 in Sweden. In 1995 their manager, Jonas Siljemark, convinced McNeal to try some solo recordings for his own Siljemark label. She recorded an cover on Barbi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18421073", "score": "0.82219094", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ain't Got Far to Go", "text": "Ain't Got Far to Go \"Ain't Got Far to Go\" is a song by English singer and songwriter Jess Glynne. It was written by Glynne along with Janée \"Jin Jin\" Bennett, Knox Brown, and Finlay \"Starsmith\" Dow-Smith for her debut studio album, \"I Cry When I Laugh\" (2015), while production was helmed by Brown and Dow-Smith. The song was released as the album's sixth single on 26 February 2016. Prior to the single's release, the song charted at number 46 on the Scottish Singles Chart and number 67 on the UK Singles Chart. After the single's release, it peaked at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18960335", "score": "0.82098144", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ain't That Just the Way", "text": "\"Ain't That Just the Way\" was directed by Swedish director and photographer Patric Ullaeus. Sweden: CD Single (1996) Sweden: CD Single (The Remixes) (1996) UK & Ireland: CD Maxi (1997) Ain't That Just the Way \"Ain't That Just The Way\" is a song written by Bruce Belland, Glen Larson and Stu Phillips. Barbi Benton originally recorded it for release as the B-side of her 1975 single \"The Reverend Bob\". It became a major hit in Sweden, topping the Swedish singles chart for 10 weeks in 1977. In 1978, it appeared on her album with the same name. The song was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18421077", "score": "0.8184358", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "What a Way to Go (song)", "text": "\"I got hogtied by a hooker in Ohio,\" from the song's chorus, was edited to replace the word \"hooker\" with \"redhead.\" What a Way to Go (song) \"What a Way to Go\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \"What a Way to Go\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15008137", "score": "0.81502336", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "All the Way (Frank Sinatra song)", "text": "All the Way (Frank Sinatra song) \"All the Way\" is a 1950s pop song made famous by Frank Sinatra and covered since by many musicians. Frank Sinatra's version was published in 1957 by Maraville Music Corporation. The music was written by Jimmy Van Heusen with lyrics by Sammy Cahn. It was introduced in the film \"The Joker Is Wild.\" Sinatra also had the best-selling recorded version of the song. Aside from this song, he also sang \"Chicago (That Toddlin' Town)\" for the movie. It wound up as the flipside of \"All the Way\" when Capitol Records released the song as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6799390", "score": "0.8145832", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "There's No Way", "text": "There's No Way \"There's No Way\" is a song written by John Jarrard, Lisa Palas and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music band Alabama. It was released in January 1985 as the first single from the band's album \"40-Hour Week\". The song is a love ballad, and an example of the pop-styled aspect of Alabama's core musical style. The music video was directed by David Hogan and premiered in early 1985. When \"There's No Way\" reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart in May 1985, it became Alabama's 16th straight No. 1 single in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10750556", "score": "0.8145107", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Go All the Way (song)", "text": "Go All the Way (song) \"Go All the Way\" is a single by American pop-rock group Raspberries, released in July 1972 and written by band leader Eric Carmen. The song reached the Top 5 on three principal US charts: number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 4 on \"Cashbox\" and number 3 on \"Record World\". The single sold more than 1.3 million copies, earning the band their only certified Gold Record. It was their second single release, their all-time biggest US hit, and appeared on their debut LP, \"Raspberries\". Because of its sexually suggestive lyrics, considered risqué for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13188994", "score": "0.81405276", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "That's the Way Love Goes (Johnny Rodriguez song)", "text": "#56 on the country charts. That's the Way Love Goes (Johnny Rodriguez song) \"That's the Way Love Goes' is a song written by Lefty Frizzell and Sanger D. Shafer and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Rodriguez. It was released in December 1973 as the second single from the album \"All I Ever Meant to Do Was Sing\". The song was Rodriguez's fourth hit on the U.S. country chart and third number one in a row. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 14 weeks on the chart. Connie Smith recorded the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14119030", "score": "0.8139921", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Way Love Goes (Lemar song)", "text": "The Way Love Goes (Lemar song) \"The Way Love Goes\" is the first single taken from British R&B singer Lemar's first compilation album \"The Hits\". The song received a digital download release on 14 February 2010, while a physical CD was released the following day. Speaking to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis of the award-winning Blues & Soul, Lemar explained the background to 'The Way Love Goes': \"With my 'The Hits' album being a celebration of what I've done so far as well as being a look into what I want to do in the future, I didn't want", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14090690", "score": "0.8112581", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ain't Got Far to Go", "text": "I Laugh\". Ain't Got Far to Go \"Ain't Got Far to Go\" is a song by English singer and songwriter Jess Glynne. It was written by Glynne along with Janée \"Jin Jin\" Bennett, Knox Brown, and Finlay \"Starsmith\" Dow-Smith for her debut studio album, \"I Cry When I Laugh\" (2015), while production was helmed by Brown and Dow-Smith. The song was released as the album's sixth single on 26 February 2016. Prior to the single's release, the song charted at number 46 on the Scottish Singles Chart and number 67 on the UK Singles Chart. After the single's release, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18960337", "score": "0.81117064", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye", "text": "Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye \"Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye\" is a song by Leonard Cohen. It was first released in November 1967, in a version by Judy Collins on her album \"Wildflowers\". The following month, Cohen's own version was issued on his debut album \"Songs of Leonard Cohen\". Cohen wrote the song when staying at the Penn Terminal Hotel on 34th Street in New York City in 1966. He wrote:The room is too hot. I can't open the windows. I am in the midst of a bitter quarrel with a blonde woman. The song is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19872687", "score": "0.80889714", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ain't That Just the Way", "text": "Benton's 1975 song \"Ain't That Just the Way\", which topped the Swedish singles chart for 10 weeks in 1977. After peaking at number 1 in Sweden in 1996, \"Ain't That Just the Way\" was picked up by Dutch radio programmers early in 1997. It sold 55,000 units there and then the record broke into neighbouring Germany. And later into Belgium, Austria and Switzerland. In February 1998 \"Ain't That Just the Way\" went to number 6 at the UK Singles Chart. McNeal won the Best Newcomer award for \"Ain't That Just The Way\" at the 1997 Swedish Dance Awards. \"Billboard\" wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18421074", "score": "0.80869126", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady", "text": "Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady \"Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady\" is the title of a 1975 top ten hit by Helen Reddy. An apparent farewell to a self-absorbed lover, \"Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady\" was first recorded by its composer Harriet Schock, who recalled having written its first verse and title on a serviette (napkin) on a plane while \"leaving someone for...one of the last times I left him for the last time\". The song was introduced on Schock's 1974 album \"Hollywood Town\" and issued as a single. Schock states that the program director", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14217401", "score": "0.80617213", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "That's the Way (Jo Dee Messina song)", "text": "That's the Way (Jo Dee Messina song) \"That's the Way\" is a song written by Annie Roboff and Holly Lamar, and recorded by American country music singer Jo Dee Messina. It was released in May 2000 as lead-off single for her album \"Burn\". The song spent four weeks at the top of the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs), and was her highest-peaking single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 where it reached number 25. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that Messina \"injects personality galore\" into this song. She goes on to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12627126", "score": "0.8060327", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Only Way Is Up", "text": "The Only Way Is Up \"The Only Way Is Up\" is a song written by George Jackson and Johnny Henderson and originally released in 1980 as a single by soul singer Otis Clay. In 1988, it became a chart-topping single for Yazz and the Plastic Population. The song is the official theme tune for award-winning ITV2 series \"The Only Way Is Essex\". The song was a favourite of M People's, who would frequently play it on their live tours. The band's lead singer, Heather Small, has described it as her favourite song, and once explained that, should she ever be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8833121", "score": "0.8059994", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Somebody Wants Me Out of the Way", "text": "a \"cheatin'\" song, with the narrator suspicious that \"Somebody keeps paying my bar tab but the bartender won't tell me who.\" Jones delivers a soulful, bluesy vocal over a stone country arrangement with a prominent, shimmering acoustic guitar. The singer, who had been a notorious drinker, was sober by this time thanks to his wife Nancy, who had gotten his career back on track after years of mismanagement and missed concert dates. Somebody Wants Me Out of the Way \"Somebody Wants Me Out of the Way\" is a song written by Dennis Knutson and A.L. \"Doodle\" Owens and recorded by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16095794", "score": "0.8056837", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady", "text": "normal range. The second version is included on the 2002 Great White tribute album, \"Recover\", with Russell singing higher. This latter version is played and sung with a harder rock edge. In 2005, Raven Records Australia reissued the song as a two-fer with \"One Way Ticket\" included as a bonus track. Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady \"Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady\" is the title of a 1975 top ten hit by Helen Reddy. An apparent farewell to a self-absorbed lover, \"Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady\" was first recorded by its composer Harriet Schock, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14217407", "score": "0.8053767", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "That Ain't No Way to Go", "long_answer": "\"That Ain't No Way To Go\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album Hard Workin' Man. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was written by Kix Brooks, Ronnie Dunn and Don Cook.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"That Ain't No Way To Go\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album Hard Workin' Man. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was written by Kix Brooks, Ronnie Dunn and Don Cook.", "short_answers": [ "Brooks & Dunn" ] }

[ "Frank Zappa", "Frank Zappa's" ]

[ { "title": "Joe's Garage (song)", "text": "\"Joe's Garage\" is a single on Frank Zappa's 1979 album Joe's Garage Act I. After the introductory track, \"The Central Scrutinizer\", this song begins the story of Joe's Garage. Although it only charted in Norway and Sweden (where it was a top 20 hit in both countries), it was one of Zappa's songs which had the most airplay on American FM radio, at the time still album-centered. The song was played in concert from 1980 to 1988 along with the song \"Why Does it Hurt When I Pee?\" in all tours of Zappa's after the single's release. The single version", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Joe's Garage", "text": "in a Wet T-Shirt\" \"Why Does It Hurt When I Pee?\" was written in the summer of 1978. Zappa's road manager, Phil Kaufman, alleged, that the song was written after Kaufman had asked that very question; within the context of the album's storyline, it is sung by Joe after he receives a sexually transmitted disease from Lucille, \"a girl, who works at the Jack in the Box\". The Central Scrutinizer continues to express the hypothesis that \"girls, music, disease, heartbreak [...] all go together.\" Halfway through the album's libretto, Zappa expressed the belief, that governments believe, that people are inherently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2035585", "score": "1.0053358", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Why Am I Crying", "text": "Why Am I Crying \"Why Am I Crying\" is a song written by Molly Sandén, Aleena Gibson and Windy Wagner. Participating in the third semifinal of Melodifestivalen 2012 in Leksand on 18 February 2012, the song made it directly to the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena on 10 March the same year. Once there, it ended up fifth. The single was released on 25 February 2012, following the final semifinal. On 2 March 2012, the song debuted on the Swedish singles chart where it peaked at number 8 on 16 March the same year. The lyrics were written before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18416793", "score": "0.8143891", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Why Am I Crying", "text": "Molly Sandén broke up with Eric Saade in 2011. The song also appeared on Molly Sandén's studio album \"Unchained\", with both the original version and an acoustic version. The song was featured in the second episode of Australian TV show, \"\". Why Am I Crying \"Why Am I Crying\" is a song written by Molly Sandén, Aleena Gibson and Windy Wagner. Participating in the third semifinal of Melodifestivalen 2012 in Leksand on 18 February 2012, the song made it directly to the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena on 10 March the same year. Once there, it ended up fifth.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18416794", "score": "0.80446696", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Joe's Garage", "text": "Riley (who has since changed his name to Buddy Jones) (\"Wet T-Shirt Nite\"). Mary wins first place in the contest and wins fifty bucks, enough money to go home. However, Warren, a former member of Joe's Garage Band, finds out about Mary's \"naughty exploits\" and sends a letter to Joe telling him about it (\"Toad-O Line\"). Joe \"falls in with a fast crowd\" and gets seduced by Lucille, a girl who works at the Jack in the Box, and has sex with her, only to catch gonorrhea (\"Why Does It Hurt When I Pee?\"). Discouraged, he sings about Lucille and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2035590", "score": "0.78134143", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Singin' in the Bathtub", "text": "time, including Guy Lombardo, Dorothy Provine, Dick Robertson, King Ben Nawahi, Gracie Fields, Vaughn De Leath, The Georgians, and Danny Kaye, and more recently by Robert Crumb, John Lithgow, Mic Conway and Mandy Patinkin. In Vaughn DeLeath's rendition of the song, she sings the line \"the ring around the bathtub is a rainbow to me\" as \"a rainbow \"from\" me\", substantially changing its meaning. The lyrics often include a quotation of the title air from \"I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles\". \"Singing in the Bathtub\" is featured in the first-ever Looney Tunes animated short, \"Sinkin' in the Bathtub\" (1930). The song appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9998953", "score": "0.77377033", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Grand Ole Opry's New Star", "text": "upbeat song like 'Why, Baby Why' would be easier to sell directly to the jukebox distributors for the beer-drinkin' trade.\" \"I'm Ragged But I'm Right\" is a defiant statement of blue collar pride that actually dates back to a 1929 blues record by the Blue Harmony Boys. It was later cut by stringband veteran Riley Puckett in 1934 but, as Colin Escott speculated in 1994, \"George probably picked it up from the Gulf Coast legend Moon Mullican, who played the same spots.\" The song would remain a favorite of Jones's, who would rerecord it several times (the last being for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10031700", "score": "0.7636078", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Singin' in the Bathtub", "text": "in 20 Warner Bros. animated shorts in total. Warner Bros.' ownership of the copyright saved royalty payments. The song is frequently sung by Tweety Bird. \"Singing in the Bathtub\" is also the 1993 re-release title of an album by R. Crumb and the Cheap Suit Serenaders. The album was originally released in 1978 as \"R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders No. 3\". \"Singin' in the Bathtub\" is additionally the title of a children's album released in 1999 with songs performed by John Lithgow. Track listing: Singin' in the Bathtub \"Singing in the Bathtub\" is a song written in 1929", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9998954", "score": "0.76302886", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "It Only Hurts When I'm Breathing", "text": "It Only Hurts When I'm Breathing \"It Only Hurts When I'm Breathing\" is a song performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain. She co-wrote it with her then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who produced the track. It was released on February 9, 2004 as the eighth and final single from Twain's album \"Up!\", and the fifth to impact the North American market. Disparate to the remainder of \"Up!\", \"It Only Hurts when I'm Breathing\" is a ballad that Twain labeled to be the sole heartbreak song on the album. Musically, it lies within the country pop genre while its lyrics speak", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6796534", "score": "0.7628412", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Who? (song)", "text": "Who? (song) \"Who?\" (1925) is a popular song (sometimes written as \"Who (Stole My Heart Away)?\") written for the Broadway musical \"Sunny\" by Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II. The song was also featured in the film version of \"Sunny\" (1930) starring Marilyn Miller. George Olsen and His Orchestra scored a major hit with their 1925 recording of the song. Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with vocalist Jack Leonard had a hit with it in the late 1930s; their arrangement was patterned after Dorsey's 1937 recording of \"Marie\". Judy Garland sang the song in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer biopic \"Till", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12710382", "score": "0.76189595", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Why Baby Why", "text": "song include the following: Why Baby Why \"Why Baby Why\" is the title of a country music song co-written and originally recorded by George Jones. Released in late 1955 on Starday Records and produced by Starday co-founder and Jones' manager Pappy Daily, it peaked at 4 on the \"Billboard\" country charts that year. It was Jones' first chart single, following several unsuccessful singles released during the prior year on Starday. Jones's first chart hit, \"Why Baby Why\", has gone on to become a country standard, having been covered by many artists. The recording session for \"Why Baby Why\" took place", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12323988", "score": "0.7594446", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Pee Wee King", "text": "1970 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1974. He joined producers Randall Franks and Alan Autry for the \"In the Heat of the Night\" cast CD \"Christmas Time’s A Comin’\" performing \"Jingle Bells\" with the cast released on Sonlite and MGM/UA for one of the most popular Christmas releases of 1991 and 1992 with Southern retailers. He died of a heart attack in Louisville, Kentucky, at age 86. Pee Wee King Julius Frank Anthony Kuczynski (February 18, 1914 – March 7, 2000), known professionally as Pee Wee King, was an American country music songwriter and recording artist best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6652557", "score": "0.75796247", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Why Can't I?", "text": "and was released in June 2003. Why Can't I? \"Why Can't I?\" is a song by American pop rock artist Liz Phair. It was released in May 2003 as the lead single from her self-titled album, \"Liz Phair\". It reached number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Phair's highest-charting single to date, and only top 40 single. The single was certified gold, having sold 500,000 copies. The song is featured on the \"13 Going on 30 Soundtrack\". \"Why Can't I?\" is written in the key of B major and has a tempo of 81 beats per minute. It follows a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4826930", "score": "0.7526481", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Why, Why, Why", "text": "the week of March 11, 2006. Why, Why, Why \"Not to be confused with the 1993 progressive house track Why Why Why by Underworld\" \"Why, Why, Why\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Billy Currington. It was released in February 2006 as the second single from his 2005 album \"Doin' Somethin' Right\". The song peaked at number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and at number 99 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Currington co-wrote this song with Mark Nesler and Tony Martin. \"Why, Why, Why\" debuted at number 54 on the U.S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10577500", "score": "0.75081575", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Crying Song", "text": "Crying Song \"Crying Song\" is a song composed by Roger Waters, bassist of the British rock group Pink Floyd. It appears on their 1969 soundtrack album, \"Soundtrack from the Film More\". The song is a lazy pastoral-like ballad, featuring a dreamy vocal delivery by Gilmour. The song is composed similarly to many standard folk ballads, with the only exception being the second chord. It is a D major with a diminished fifth. In this context the D major flat fifth chord has a more dissonant character and lasts for a whole measure. It creates a very dreamy, surreal atmosphere. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8625709", "score": "0.7499321", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Singin' in the Bathtub", "text": "Singin' in the Bathtub \"Singing in the Bathtub\" is a song written in 1929 by Michael H. Cleary, with lyrics by Herb Magidson and Ned Washington for the film \"The Show of Shows\". \"The Show of Shows\" was Warner Bros.' answer to MGM's \"The Hollywood Revue of 1929\", and \"Singing in the Bathtub\" spoofs \"Hollywood Revue's\" song \"Singin' in the Rain\". In \"Show of Shows\", the number features an enormous bathtub and is performed by Winnie Lightner and a chorus of male performers (some dressed as women) wearing antiquated bathing suits. The song was recorded by many performers of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9998952", "score": "0.7488272", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Retard Girl", "text": "in Los Angeles. All releases of the single list the songwriting credits collectively as Hole, however BMI's website shows \"Retard Girl\" as written by Love alone. The single also featured two b-sides, \"Phonebill Song\" and \"Johnnie's in the Bathroom\". \"Johnnie's in the Bathroom\" is a noise track featuring Courtney Love reading diary entries to a distorted guitar playing the instrumentals of \"Tradition\", and later, \"If I Were a Rich Man\" from \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Additionally, the track is accompanied by unidentified lounge music fading in and out of the mix, as well as what seems to be a recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8031807", "score": "0.7479842", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Why (Carly Simon song)", "text": "at #74 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and remained on the chart for 6 weeks. The song is centered on the phrase \"Why does your love hurt so much?\", and Simon sings perhaps one of her most heartfelt and yearning vocals to date on the track. However, despite this sad subject matter, the song also became well known for its catchy refrain \"La di-da, di-da\". A promotional video was made for the single that is currently viewable on Simon's YouTube page. The video shows Simon walking through a downtown street before stopping by an outdoor café where she mingles with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5746553", "score": "0.7451786", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Why Does It Hurt So Bad", "text": "Why Does It Hurt So Bad \"Why Does It Hurt So Bad\" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for the 1995 film \"Waiting to Exhale\". It was released on July 7, 1996, by Arista Records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack. The song was written and produced solely by Babyface. Musically, it is an R&B ballad, and the lyrics chronicle a lovelorn lament. The song garnered positive reviews from critics, who commended Houston's vocal effort. It charted in the United States on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number twenty-six. It also reached", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9473041", "score": "0.7448282", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mickey Katz", "text": "and then helped him get Nat Farber to arrange the music. The following are some of Mickey Katz's parodies and the original songs on which he based these parodies. Mickey Katz lyrics \"Where is my Pants?\" (sung to the tune of \"Where is Your Heart?\"): Wherever I look, I'm worried and ferblungered; [confused] My bathrobe is here, But where is my pants? De closet is full Mit ties and pajamas; My cufflinks are there, But Where is my pants? It's so hard to realize, Dat you dun't put t'ings on a place; I could wear a fancy coit: But without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5756149", "score": "0.7431549", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Why, Why, Why", "text": "Why, Why, Why \"Not to be confused with the 1993 progressive house track Why Why Why by Underworld\" \"Why, Why, Why\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Billy Currington. It was released in February 2006 as the second single from his 2005 album \"Doin' Somethin' Right\". The song peaked at number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and at number 99 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Currington co-wrote this song with Mark Nesler and Tony Martin. \"Why, Why, Why\" debuted at number 54 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10577499", "score": "0.74241006", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012", "text": "songs \"Why Am I Crying\" performed by Molly Sandén and \"Mirakel\" performed by Björn Ranelid featuring Sara Li advanced to the final, while the songs \"Lovelight\" performed by Andreas Johnson and \"Youngblood\" performed by Youngblood advanced to the second chance round. In the fourth semifinal held at the Malmö Arena in Malmö on 25 February, the songs \"Why Start A Fire\" performed by Lisa Miskovsky and \"Amazing\" performed by Danny Saucedo advanced to the final, while the songs \"Land Of Broken Dreams\" performed by Dynazty and \"Don’t Let Me Down\" performed by Lotta Engberg and Christer Sjögren advanced to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15701139", "score": "0.7423529", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pee Shy", "text": "Pee Shy Pee Shy (1993–1998) were an indie pop band from Tampa, Florida, whose clever, literate lyrics and unorthodox if primitive instrumentation led them to a brief major label career that ended just as they were attracting national commercial radio airplay. They released two albums for Mercury Records, played with artists including Stereolab, Luna, the Village People and Shannon Wright, and twice performed at the annual South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas. Their second album, \"Don't Get Too Comfortable\", peaked at No. 2 in the national college music charts in February 1998. Pee Shy began as a duo:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6600246", "score": "0.74055684", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Why Can't I?", "text": "Why Can't I? \"Why Can't I?\" is a song by American pop rock artist Liz Phair. It was released in May 2003 as the lead single from her self-titled album, \"Liz Phair\". It reached number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Phair's highest-charting single to date, and only top 40 single. The single was certified gold, having sold 500,000 copies. The song is featured on the \"13 Going on 30 Soundtrack\". \"Why Can't I?\" is written in the key of B major and has a tempo of 81 beats per minute. It follows a chord progression of B–B/A–Gm–E. Chuck Taylor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4826928", "score": "0.73997605", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "It Only Hurts When I Cry", "text": "Stewart and Cliff Massey. The song was covered by Raul Malo on his 2007 album \"After Hours\". The music video was directed by Piers Plowden, and is entirely in black and white. It Only Hurts When I Cry \"It Only Hurts When I Cry\" is a song co-written by American country music artists Dwight Yoakam and Roger Miller, and recorded by Yoakam. It was released in December 1991 as the fourth single from his album \"If There Was a Way\". It peaked at #7 in the United States, and at #4 in Canada. This song was one of the last", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13286123", "score": "0.73629105", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Why Did You Do That?", "text": "Why Did You Do That? \"Why Did You Do That?\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, for the 2018 film \"A Star Is Born\" and its soundtrack of the same name. It was written by Gaga with Diane Warren, Mark Nilan Jr., Nick Monson and Paul \"DJWS\" Blair and also produced by them, except Warren. The song appeared in the film during a sequence when Gaga's character, Ally, performs it on \"Saturday Night Live\", watched by her husband Jackson (played by co-star Bradley Cooper). Later Jackson berates Ally for selling-out with the trite lyrics of the song,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20894221", "score": "0.73590827", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Medúlla", "text": "\"Who Is It\" features collaborations by Inuit throat singer Tanya Tagaq and Rahzel. Some lyrics of the song — \"Who is it that never lets you down?\" — may be understood to reflect a \"mother's unconditional love\" in a dialogue between mother and child. The echo effects in \"Who Is It\" may additionally reflect the scattered sense of self the mother may experience as she carries the burden of constant care for her child. \"Submarine\", the seventh track on the album, was influenced by Björk's pregnancy with her daughter Ísadóra and how she felt somewhat lazy during that time. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3719911", "score": "0.73515844", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Pee Wee (singer)", "text": "of \"El Show De Los Sueños\" and gaining the right to take part in Los Reyes Del Show. In A Telethon in 2008, Pee Wee declared that he was officially Mexican. He collaborated with other singers like RBD members Christopher Uckermann and Dulce María. On El Show De Los Sueños he debuted a new song called \"Quédate\" with La Nueva Banda Timbiriche. In November 2008, Pee Wee opened the concerts for RBD during the Gira Del Adios World Tour in Brazil except for the two extra shows. December 7, 2008, was the beginning of \"Los Reyes Del Show\" where Pee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13932673", "score": "0.73413", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Cosmic Slop", "text": "\"Cosmic Slop\" include small illustrations next to each song’s name, summarizing the song in a picture. Mallia Franklin and Debbie Wright both contributed vocals and were not credited. “Nappy Dugout” is slang for the vagina. The singer explains why he is sad, because his woman has left him for someone else. He claims to have noticed water in his house and called a plumber, who told him that the water did not come from his sink, but from his tears. He also claims his \"nerves are shot\" and he has devoured most of his fingernails in his pain. This song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1064956", "score": "0.7339661", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Gayla Peevey", "text": "in 1998 while being transferred to the Walt Disney World's Disney's Animal Kingdom, in Orlando, Florida. Alternative-rock band Ween released a reworking of \"Are My Ears On Straight\" titled \"I'm Dancing in the Show Tonight\" on their 1997 album The Mollusk. In addition to being a singer, Henderson is also a songwriter, penning several of her Joy Records (New York) singles, including \"My Little Marine\", \"Just Say So\", \"We're Through – We're Finished\", \"When It Comes To Love\", \"Yes, I'll Be Your Girl\" and \"Dear Jane\". Gayla Peevey Gayla Rienette Peevey (born March 8, 1943) is a former singer and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6751084", "score": "0.7338178", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Joe's Garage (song)", "long_answer": "\"Joe's Garage\" is a single on Frank Zappa's 1979 album Joe's Garage Act I. After the introductory track, \"The Central Scrutinizer\", this song begins the story of Joe's Garage. Although it only charted in Norway and Sweden (where it was a top 20 hit in both countries), it was one of Zappa's songs which had the most airplay on American FM radio, at the time still album-centered. The song was played in concert from 1980 to 1988 along with the song \"Why Does it Hurt When I Pee?\" in all tours of Zappa's after the single's release. The single version of the song lacks many of the special effects that the album version contains. The single version of \"Joe's Garage\" was put onto Zappa's best-of Strictly Commercial.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Joe's Garage\" is a single on Frank Zappa's 1979 album Joe's Garage Act I. After the introductory track, \"The Central Scrutinizer\", this song begins the story of Joe's Garage. Although it only charted in Norway and Sweden (where it was a top 20 hit in both countries), it was one of Zappa's songs which had the most airplay on American FM radio, at the time still album-centered. The song was played in concert from 1980 to 1988 along with the song \"Why Does it Hurt When I Pee?\" in all tours of Zappa's after the single's release. The single version", "short_answers": [ "Frank Zappa", "Frank Zappa's" ] }

[ "Cannes, France", "usually in May" ]

[ { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "The Cannes Festival (/kæn/; French: Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2012 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2012 Cannes Film Festival The 65th Cannes Film Festival was held from 16 to 27 May 2012. Italian film director Nanni Moretti was the President of the Jury for the main competition and British actor Tim Roth was the President of the Jury for the Un Certain Regard section. French actress Bérénice Bejo hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. The festival opened with the US film \"Moonrise Kingdom\", directed by Wes Anderson and closed with the late Claude Miller's final film \"Thérèse Desqueyroux\". The main announcement of the line-up took place on 19 April. The official poster of the festival", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16137256", "score": "1.0766768", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "festival was held as the \"Festival du film de Cannes\", where films from sixteen countries were presented. The festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. In 1949, the \"Palais des Festivals\" was expressly constructed for the occasion on the seafront promenade of La Croisette, although its inaugural roof, while still unfinished, blew off during a storm. In 1951, the festival was moved to spring to avoid a direct competition with the Venice Festival which was held in autumn. During the early 1950s, the festival attracted a lot of tourism and press attention, with showbiz", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977053", "score": "1.073665", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "took over as President of the Festival, while Thierry Fremaux became the General Delegate. The board of directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the Festival. The 2018 Cannes Film Festival took place between 8 and 19 May 2018. The jury president was Australian actress Cate Blanchett, and \"Shoplifters\", directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda, won the Palme d'Or. The Cannes Film Festival has its origins in 1932 when Jean Zay, the French Minister of National Education, on the proposal of historian Philippe Erlanger and with the support of the British and Americans, set up an international cinematographic festival. Its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977051", "score": "1.0726172", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "also been accused of sexual harassment and abuse at past festivals. An accusation of rape involving Harvey Weinstein, allegedly occurred at the Venice festival. As a result of the past sexual controversies and the #MeToo movement that arose out of the Harvey Weinstein scandal, in 2018, Cannes Film Festival officials announced the creation of a telephone hotline during the festival in which victims could report incidents of sexual harassment and other crimes. The hotline is in collaboration with the French government. Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Festival (; ), until 2002 called the International Film Festival (') and known in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977070", "score": "1.0682837", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2012 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "out when the submissions had been judged by quality. The following films were selected. Feature films - The winner of the Grand Prix Nespresso has been highlighted. Short and medium length films Special Screenings The line-up for the Directors' Fortnight was announced at a press conference on 24 April. The following films were selected: Feature films - The winner of the Art Cinema Award has been highlighted. Short films - The winner of the Premier Prix Illy for Short Filmmaking has been highlighted. The Palme d'Or was won by the French-language film \"Amour\" directed by Michael Haneke. Haneke previously won", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16137261", "score": "1.0578606", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "their artistic quality\" (page 20). Forbes and Street also point out that, along with other festivals such as the Venice Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival, Cannes offers an opportunity to determine a particular country's image of its cinema and generally foster the notion that European cinema is \"art\" cinema. Additionally, given massive media exposure, the non-public festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for film producers to launch their new films and to attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe. Though most of the media", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977067", "score": "1.0572433", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2012 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "Short Film The official selection was announced on 19 April at Grand Hôtel in Paris. Among comments after the announcement, journalists noted the unusually high number of Hollywood films in the line-up, the absence of any female director in the main competition, as well as the absence of competing first-time feature film directors. The festival's artistic leader Thierry Frémaux responded that people should not focus only on the competition films: \"The selection is an ensemble; you have to consider the whole package.\" The following films were selected as In Competition. The Palme d'Or winner has been highlighted. The following films", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16137258", "score": "1.055111", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2014 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "taking place on 25 May 2014, the winner of the Palme d'Or was announced on 24 May, and the winning film in the Un Certain Regard section announced on 23 May. The festival poster featured Italian actor Marcello Mastroianni from Federico Fellini's 1963 film \"8½\", which was presented in the 1963 Cannes Film Festival's Official Selection, within the Out of Competition section. The Official Selection of films for the 2014 festival, including the line-up for the Main Competition, was announced on 17 April 2014. French actor Lambert Wilson hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. The full jury for the Main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17727989", "score": "1.05124", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2009 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "Réalizateurs): Feature films Special screenings Short films The following films and people received the 2009 Official selection awards: Un Certain Regard Cinéfondation Golden Camera Short films FIPRESCI Prizes Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist Ecumenical Jury Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week Other awards Association Prix François Chalais 2009 Cannes Film Festival The 62nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 13 May to 24 May 2009. French actress Isabelle Huppert was the President of the Jury. Twenty films from thirteen countries were selected to compete for the Palme d'Or. The awards were announced on 23 May. The film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11962755", "score": "1.0488759", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2009 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "following short films were selected for the competition of Cinéfondation: The following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or: The Festival Cannes Classics places the spotlight on documentaries about cinema and restored masterworks from the past. The Cinéma de la Plage is a part of the Official Selection. The outdoors screenings at the beach cinema of Cannes are open to the public. The following films were screened for the 48th International Critics' Week (48e Semaine de la Critique): Feature film competition Short film competition Special screenings The following films were screened for the 2009 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11962754", "score": "1.0472515", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "known to have 'banned' selfies on the Red Carpet of the world's largest Film Festival back in 2015. In 2017, along with the 70th anniversary events of the Festival, the issue of changing the rules on theatrical screening caused controversy. The enforcement of theatrical screening in 2018 resulted in Netflix being banned. The Cannes Film Festival is organised in various sections: The President of the Festival, who represents the Festival in front of its financial partners, the public authorities and the media, is elected by the board of directors of the Festival, officially named the \"French Association of the Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977063", "score": "1.0462532", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "ASVOFF", "text": "25 and 26 September at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, with running installations of the festival's competition films held at the BETC's Passage du Desir from 25–28 September. For this edition Diane Pernet worked together with the young fashion blogger Tavi Gevinson. The festival was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. The festival was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. The festival was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. Fashion film aperitivo by Peroni: Nastro Azurro, live performance by Joana Preiss at Cannes Magnum Beach Cannes: Special Fashion Film Aperitivo Silencio 5 rue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15170395", "score": "1.0455081", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2018 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2018 Cannes Film Festival The 71st annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 19 May 2018. Australian actress Cate Blanchett acted as President of the Jury. The Japanese film \"Shoplifters\", directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda, won the Palme d'Or. Asghar Farhadi's psychological thriller \"Everybody Knows\", starring Javier Bardem, Penélope Cruz and Ricardo Darín, opened the festival and competed in the Main Competition section. It was the second Spanish-language film to open Cannes, following Pedro Almodóvar's \"Bad Education\", which screened on the opening night of the 2004 festival. The official festival poster features Jean-Paul Belmondo and Anna Karina from Jean-Luc", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20434977", "score": "1.0444229", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Edinburgh International Film Festival", "text": "time, Cannes and Venice were the most significant annual film festivals. Over the subsequent years, the programme expanded to include fiction films and experimental work in addition to documentary. In 2008, the film festival moved from its traditional August slot to June. The film festival shows a range of feature-length films and documentaries as well as short films, animations and music videos. A jury awards The Michael Powell Award for Best New British Feature Film while the audience can vote for the Audience Award, and a panel of judges adjudicates the Best International Feature Award. There are also several awards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4629408", "score": "1.044081", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2015 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "In Competition Un Certain Regard Golden Camera Cinéfondation Short Films FIPRESCI Prizes Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist Ecumenical Jury Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week Awards in the frame of Directors' Fortnight L'Œil d'or Jury Queer Palm Jury Palm Dog Jury Prix François Chalais Cannes Soundtrack Award 2015 Cannes Film Festival The 68th Cannes Film Festival was held from 13 to 24 May 2015. Joel and Ethan Coen were the Presidents of the Jury for the main competition. It was the first time that two people chaired the jury. Since the Coen brothers each received a separate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18315361", "score": "1.0429192", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2012 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "received the 2011 Official selection awards: In Competition Un Certain Regard Golden Camera Cinéfondation Short Films FIPRESCI Prizes Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist Ecumenical Jury Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week Awards in the frame of Directors' Fortnight Prize of the Youth Jury Association Prix François Chalais Queer Palm Jury Palm Dog Jury 2012 Cannes Film Festival The 65th Cannes Film Festival was held from 16 to 27 May 2012. Italian film director Nanni Moretti was the President of the Jury for the main competition and British actor Tim Roth was the President of the Jury for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16137263", "score": "1.0420309", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "text": "origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with the Venice Film Festival, which at the time was shocking the democratic world by its fascist bias. The first festival was planned for 1939, Cannes was selected as the location for it, but the funding and organization were too slow and finally the beginning of World War II put an end to this plan. On 20 September 1946, twenty-one countries presented their films at the First Cannes International Film Festival, which took place at the former Casino of Cannes. In 1947, amid serious problems of efficiency, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "977052", "score": "1.0406715", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2013 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "submissions, the following films were selected to compete for the Short Film Palme d'Or. The Short film Palme d'Or winner has been highlighted. The Festival uses Cannes Classics to place the spotlight on rediscovered or restored masterworks from the past, or ones that have been re-released in theatres or on DVD. The Cinéma de la Plage is a part of the Official Selection. The outdoors screenings at the beach cinema of Cannes are open to the public. The line-up for the International Critics’ Week was announced on 22 April at the section's website. The following films were selected: Feature films", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16966159", "score": "1.0404235", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Cinéfondation", "text": "1,000 student films reach the Cinéfondation to present their film to \"la Sélection\". This selection of films is projected at the Cannes Festival and presented to the Cinéfondation and Shorts Jury, which awards prizes to the best three at an official Festival ceremony. The Residence du Festival () is a programme for young international directors working on their first or second film. Each year twelve participants are selected and invited to live in Paris for four and a half months as they embark on a course designed to help them in the writing and production of their films, with help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10887935", "score": "1.0373564", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2007 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2007 Cannes Film Festival The 60th Cannes Film Festival ran from 16 to 27 May 2007. The President of the Jury was British director Stephen Frears. Twenty two films from twelve countries were selected to compete for the Palme d'Or. The awards were announced on 26 May. \"4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days\", directed by Cristian Mungiu won the Palme d'Or. The festival opened with \"My Blueberry Nights\", directed by Wong Kar-wai and closed with \"Days of Darkness (L'Âge des ténèbres)\" by Denys Arcand. Diane Kruger was the mistress of ceremonies. The official poster of the 60th Cannes festival", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10099903", "score": "1.0367997", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2011 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2011 Cannes Film Festival The 64th Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 May 2011. American actor Robert De Niro served as the president of the jury for the main competition and French filmmaker Michel Gondry headed the jury for the short film competition. South Korean film director Bong Joon-ho was the head of the jury for the Caméra d'Or prize, which is awarded to the best first-time filmmaker. The American film \"The Tree of Life\", directed by Terrence Malick won the Palme d'Or. \"Midnight in Paris\", written and directed by Woody Allen, opened the festival and \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15199575", "score": "1.0364013", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "1947 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "The following films and people received the 1947 awards: Feature Films Short Films 1947 Cannes Film Festival The 2nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 12 to 25 September 1947. The new building that was meant to host the festival, the Palais du Festival, was still not ready, and the festival was held amid many technical and financial problems. In 1947, the entire jury of the Festival were French. Six awards were given to films of different categories. The following persons were selected as the jury for the feature and short films: The following feature films competed for the Grand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12344456", "score": "1.0334802", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2016 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2016 Cannes Film Festival The 69th Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 May 2016. Australian director George Miller was the President of the Jury for the main competition. French actor Laurent Lafitte was the host for the opening and closing ceremonies. On 15 March it was announced that Japanese director Naomi Kawase would serve as the Cinéfondation and Short Film Jury president. American director Woody Allen's film \"Café Society\" opened the festival. The Palme d'Or was awarded to the British film \"I, Daniel Blake\" directed by Ken Loach, which also served as closing film of the festival.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19070220", "score": "1.032092", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2014 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "2014 Cannes Film Festival The 67th Cannes Film Festival was held from 14 to 25 May 2014. New Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the main competition section. The Palme d'Or was awarded to the Turkish film \"Winter Sleep\" directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan. The festival opened with the long delayed \"Grace of Monaco\", directed by Olivier Dahan and starring Nicole Kidman as Grace Kelly, which played out of competition. The restored 4K version of Sergio Leone's 1964 western \"A Fistful of Dollars\", served as the closing night film. Due to European Parliament elections", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17727988", "score": "1.0310247", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2008 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "Réalizateurs): Feature films Special screenings Short films The following films and people received the 2008 Official selection awards: Un Certain Regard Cinéfondation Golden Camera Short films FIPRESCI Prizes Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist Ecumenical Jury Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week Other awards Association Prix François Chalais 2008 Cannes Film Festival The 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 14 to 25 May 2008. The President of the Official Jury was American actor and director Sean Penn. Twenty two films from fourteen countries were selected to compete for the \"Palme d'Or\". The awards were announced on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11844633", "score": "1.0304515", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2016 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "seeking to provide support from filmmakers to other filmmakers. The full ACID selection was announced on 19 April 2016, at the section's website. In Competition Un Certain Regard Cinéfondation Golden Camera Short Films FIPRESCI Prizes Vulcan Award of the Technical Artist Ecumenical Jury Awards in the frame of International Critics' Week Awards in the frame of Directors' Fortnight L'Œil d'or Jury Queer Palm Jury Palm Dog Jury Prix François Chalais Cannes Soundtrack Award 2016 Cannes Film Festival The 69th Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 May 2016. Australian director George Miller was the President of the Jury", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19070226", "score": "1.0278761", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1946 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "1946 Cannes Film Festival The 1st annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 20 September to 5 October 1946. Twenty-one countries presented their films at the \"First Cannes International Film Festival\", which took place at the former Casino of Cannes. Only one year after the end of World War II, most of the films were about the war. There arose several technical issues, such as the tarpauline cover blowing away in a storm on the day before the winners were to be announced, the reels of Hitchcock’s \"Notorious\" shown in reverse order, and George Sydney’s \"The Three Musketeers\" projected upside-down.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12299453", "score": "1.0276603", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2010 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "Scott Thomas was the mistress of ceremonies. Agence France-Presse, Reuters, Associated Press and Getty TV boycotted the press conference that announced the line-up for the festival, due to a dispute over access to the red carpet. In a press release, the agencies said that they \"may be forced to suspend their presence at the festival altogether\" if an agreement was not reached. Days before the festival was to begin, concerns were expressed that attendees might be delayed, or would not attend, due to plane flights to surrounding areas in France being delayed or canceled due to volcanic ash in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13514046", "score": "1.0262034", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2017 Cannes Film Festival", "text": "winner of the Cinéfondation First Prize has been highlighted. Out of 4,843 entries, the following films were selected to compete for the Short Film Palme d'Or. The Short film Palme d'Or winner has been highlighted. The full line-up for the Cannes Classics section was announced on 3 May 2017. Restorations Documentaries The Cinéma de la Plage is a part of the Official Selection of the festival. The outdoors screenings at the beach cinema of Cannes are open to the public. The full selection for the International Critics' Week section was announced on 21 April 2017, at the section's website. \"Sicilian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19795805", "score": "1.0261595", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Cannes Film Festival", "long_answer": "The Cannes Festival (/kæn/; French: Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Cannes Festival (/kæn/; French: Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.", "short_answers": [ "Cannes, France", "usually in May" ] }

[ "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" ]

[ { "title": "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", "text": "\"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video. (\"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage\" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "pop rock, pop, pop punk, baroque pop, electropop, synth-pop, dance-punk, power pop, alternative rock, emo pop, vaudeville, and emo. Panic! at the Disco went on record many times saying that the group's second album would be completely different from \"A Fever You Can't Sweat Out\", as \"Rolling Stone\" wrote in an article: \"The group cemented its next direction with their first single, called \"Nine in the Afternoon.\" \"It's influenced by the music our parents listened to: the Beach Boys, the Kinks, the Beatles,\" says Ross. \"Our new songs are more like classic rock than modern rock. We got older and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240038", "score": "1.2149434", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "halves: the first half is mostly electronic dance punk, while the second half features Vaudevillian piano, strings, and accordion. The band grew tired of writing only with drum machines and keyboards and, inspired by film scores (specifically the works of Danny Elfman and Jon Brion) decided to write a completely different half. \"By the end of that, we were completely exhausted,\" said Ross of the studio sessions. After its completion, \"we had two weeks to come home and learn how to be a band,\" Ross said. The group played its first live show during the summer of 2005 at local", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240006", "score": "1.1996791", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "Panic! at the Disco Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 by childhood friends Brendon Urie, Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith and Brent Wilson. Since 2015, vocalist Urie has been the only official member of the band, with drummer Dan Pawlovich, bassist Nicole Row, and guitarist Mike Naran accompanying him on tour. Panic! at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released its debut studio album, \"A Fever You Can't Sweat Out\" (2005). Popularized by the second single, \"I Write", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6239993", "score": "1.1883646", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "High Hopes (Panic! at the Disco song)", "text": "US pop radio the following day. The music video was also released on August 27. The song has reached number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the band's highest-charting song on the chart. It has also reached the top ten in Australia and Germany and the top twenty in Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, becoming their highest charting single worldwide. This song is also included on the \"NHL 19\" video game, by EA Sports. The song has also reached 2nd position on the iTunes chart. Following the success of \"Death of a Bachelor\", Urie was granted the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20634716", "score": "1.1516773", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Nine in the Afternoon", "text": "the autumn of 2007. Panic at the Disco's first performance of \"Nine in the Afternoon\" was at Virgin Festival 2007. The song has undergone changes in key and lyrics since first being performed. This song was number 44 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. On January 28, 2008 at 9:00pm, Panic at the Disco released \"Nine in the Afternoon\" via the group's MySpace page. Soon after, the band removed the song from that page and added a demo of another song from the new album, \"We're So Starving\". The following day, Apple added the single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11425414", "score": "1.1511924", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Crashed the Wedding", "text": "cassette Crashed the Wedding \"Crashed the Wedding\" is a song by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne and McFly's Tom Fletcher and produced by Steve Power. It was released on 10 November 2003 through Island Records as the lead single from Busted's second studio album \"A Present for Everyone\" (2003) \"Crashed the Wedding\" became Busted's second single to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart, with first week sales of 55,000. The song is loosely based on the wedding scene in the 1967 film The Graduate and the line \"I'm so rushed off my", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7325891", "score": "1.1478772", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Don't Threaten Me with a Good Time", "text": "Don't Threaten Me with a Good Time \"Don't Threaten Me with a Good Time\" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco released as the second promotional single from the band's fifth studio album, \"Death of a Bachelor\", released on December 31, 2015. The song features a sample of \"Rock Lobster\" by new wave band The B-52's. The song is featured in the \"NBA 2K18\" soundtrack. \"Don't Threaten Me with a Good Time\" was announced on New Year's Eve, December 31, 2015 through Panic! at the Disco's official Twitter account. The video of the audio track was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19120531", "score": "1.1445096", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "as Frank Sinatra, Queen, David Bowie, Weezer, Green Day and My Chemical Romance as his biggest influences. Current members Former members Headlining Co-headlining Opening Act ! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominated work !! Result !! Ref. Panic! at the Disco Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 by childhood friends Brendon Urie, Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith and Brent Wilson. Since 2015, vocalist Urie has been the only official member of the band, with drummer Dan Pawlovich, bassist Nicole Row, and guitarist Mike Naran accompanying him on tour. Panic! at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240040", "score": "1.1297967", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "on what kind of band we were and what we were going to sound like.\" Meanwhile, Wentz began to hype the band wherever possible: from wearing \"Pete! at the Disco\" T-shirts onstage to mentioning the group in interviews. Wentz gave a quick shout-out to the band during a press junket on the day before the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards: \"I've got a couple of bands coming out soon on Decaydance, one being this band called Panic! at the Disco,\" Wentz said. \"Their record is going to be your next favorite record. It's called \"A Fever You Can't Sweat Out\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240003", "score": "1.1280859", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Crashed the Wedding", "text": "Crashed the Wedding \"Crashed the Wedding\" is a song by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne and McFly's Tom Fletcher and produced by Steve Power. It was released on 10 November 2003 through Island Records as the lead single from Busted's second studio album \"A Present for Everyone\" (2003) \"Crashed the Wedding\" became Busted's second single to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart, with first week sales of 55,000. The song is loosely based on the wedding scene in the 1967 film The Graduate and the line \"I'm so rushed off my feet,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7325888", "score": "1.1276172", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "began the writing process for the new album. After recording the new tracks and performing them live over the summer, the band returned to its native Las Vegas as well as the group's old rehearsal studio, where the band members wrote their debut record. The band grew uninterested in the songs previously written and by August scrapped the entire new album (which Ross later revealed was \"three-quarters\" done) and started over. \"We wanted to approach these songs in the most basic form,\" Ross said. \"We wrote them all on one acoustic guitar and with someone singing. I think that we", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240014", "score": "1.1207466", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Hallelujah (Panic! at the Disco song)", "text": "April 20, 2015. At the Shorty Awards, the band also performed the single \"Miss Jackson\". The band also performed the single at the 2015 Alternative Press Music Awards along with a cover of \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" by Queen. An audio video was uploaded to Fueled By Ramen's YouTube channel featuring racially diverse iOS preaching emojis. On July 7, 2015, a music video was released for the song. The video is inspired by the game Monument Valley. As of April 2018, the music video has surpassed 50 million views. Panic! at the Disco Additional Personnel Hallelujah (Panic! at the Disco song) \"Hallelujah\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18729507", "score": "1.1199536", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hallelujah (Panic! at the Disco song)", "text": "as long as you take responsibility for your actions, everything else seems it can fall into place if you have that same attitude, so, that's really what it was, it's kind of a play on just, 'yeah, you know, hallelujah, I'm not a sinner', but we are, I mean the song is definitely about that\". The opening of the song is taken from the Chicago song \"Questions 67 and 68\". It is the band's first song since the departure of drummer Spencer Smith. The song was performed live for the first time at the 7th annual Shorty Awards on Monday,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18729506", "score": "1.1050725", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Brendon Urie", "text": "being downgraded to a touring member, leaving Urie as the only member of the official lineup. On January 15, 2016, Panic! at the Disco released their fifth studio album, \"Death of a Bachelor\", eventually earning the band its best sales week and first number one album. On March 21, 2018, the band released two new songs \"Say Amen (Saturday Night)\" and \"(Fuck A) Silver Lining\". At the same time, the band also announced a tour, and a new album called \"Pray For The Wicked\". Urie provided guest vocals alongside Patrick Stump on The Cab's song \"One Of THOSE Nights\" from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8819795", "score": "1.1022568", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "High Hopes (Panic! at the Disco song)", "text": "marking their first leader there. Worldwide, the song has charted highly, reaching number seven in Australia and number twelve in the United Kingdom, also becoming their highest charting song in those countries. Also, \"High Hopes\" is the fourth song to top the Pop Songs, Adult Pop Songs and Alternative Songs charts simultaneously since the Adult Pop Songs chart began in \"Billboard\" in March 1996, the Pop Songs chart began in October 1992 and the Alternative Songs chart began in September 1988. High Hopes (Panic! at the Disco song) \"High Hopes\" is a song by Panic! at the Disco released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20634719", "score": "1.1015549", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Panic (The Smiths song)", "text": "\"NME\" interview threatened to \"kick the living shit\" out of the writer if he met him, such was his anger at the article's slant. He also countered that \"disco music\" could not be simply equated with \"black music\", saying, \"To those who took offence at the 'burn down the disco' line [...] I'd say please show me the black members of New Order!\" Fletcher suggests the song was not as much about race or sexuality as it was about the culture of British popular music. \"For British Smiths fans,\" he writes, In 2007, \"NME\" placed \"Panic\" at number 21 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5544847", "score": "1.0977306", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "White Wedding (song)", "text": "(Frenetic) under Digital Dog's Jack Rokka guise. It has appeared on numerous dance compilations such as \"Wild Bassline\" (CD2 Mixed by Brooklyn Bounce) and \"Clubland 12\". The song is included in the video games \"Rock Band 2\", \"Rock Band Unplugged\", \"Guitar Hero Van Halen\", \"\" and as DLC in \"Rocksmith\". The song was also used in an advertisement for British soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", promoting the week of a wedding storyline. It also featured in an episode of the 2004 BBC miniseries \"Blackpool\" as part of the story. The track also appeared on an advert for \"Coronation Street\" in 2003, promoting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6734967", "score": "1.0938022", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "Threaten Me with a Good Time.\" The band co-headlined the Weezer & Panic! at the Disco Summer Tour 2016 with Weezer from June to August 2016. The band released a cover of Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" in August 2016, on the \"Suicide Squad\" soundtrack album. On September 22, 2016, the band released the music video for \"LA Devotee.\" With the release came the announcement of the Death of a Bachelor Tour in 2017. MisterWives and Saint Motel were announced as the opening acts. In a December 2016 interview, Urie said that he hoped to make a music video for every song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240034", "score": "1.092578", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Disco", "text": "This Ain't Love)\" and Modjo's \"Lady (Hear Me Tonight)\", both songs sampling older disco songs and both reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart in 2000. Robbie Williams' disco single \"Rock DJ\" was the UK's fourth best-selling single the same year. Rock band Manic Street Preachers released a disco song, \"Miss Europa Disco Dancer\", in 2001. The song's disco influence, which appears on \"Know Your Enemy\", was described as being \"much-discussed\". In 2005, Madonna immersed herself in the disco music of the 1970s, and released her album \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" to rave reviews. In addition to that,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "97828", "score": "1.0899223", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "on the album \"Death of a Bachelor\". On December 15, 2017, the band released their fourth live album \"All My Friends We're Glorious: Death of a Bachelor Live\". It was released as a limited-edition double-vinyl and digital download. Five days later, the band released a non-album Christmas song titled \"Feels Like Christmas.\" On December 27, bassist Dallon Weekes officially announced his departure from Panic! at the Disco after over eight years of performing in the band, subsequently shifting his focus as the frontman of the band I Don't Know How But They Found Me. On March 19, 2018, the band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240035", "score": "1.0887809", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "played a surprise show in Cleveland, Ohio with new touring bassist, Nicole Row. On March 21, 2018, the band released two new songs \"Say Amen (Saturday Night)\" and \"(Fuck A) Silver Lining.\" At the same time, the band also announced the Pray for the Wicked Tour and a new album called \"Pray for the Wicked\". On June 7, 2018, the band performed at the fountains at the Bellagio prior to game 5 of the Stanley Cup Finals. The performance is said to have had sentimental value to the band as they took to the stage in their hometown. The band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240036", "score": "1.0872924", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "\"We didn't have a day off in the five-and-a-half weeks we were there, 12 or 14 hours a day,\" Ross said in a 2005 interview. \"We were making things up in our heads that weren't there, and on top of the stress of trying to finish the record, we were living in a one-bedroom apartment with four people on bunk beds,\" recalled Ross. \"Everyone got on everybody's nerves. Someone would write a new part for a song and someone else would say they didn't like it just because you ate their cereal that morning.\" The album is split into two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240005", "score": "1.0858941", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Disco", "text": "and a few great one-liners.\" In 2013, several 1970s-style disco and funk songs charted, and the pop charts had more dance songs than at any other point since the late 1970s. The biggest disco song of the year as of June was \"Get Lucky\" by Daft Punk, featuring Nile Rodgers on guitar. \"Random Access Memories\" also ended up winning Album of the Year at the 2014 Grammys. Other disco-styled songs that made it into the top 40 were Robin Thicke's \"Blurred Lines\" (number one), Justin Timberlake's \"Take Back the Night\" (number 29), Bruno Mars' \"Treasure\" (number five) and Michael Jackson's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "97831", "score": "1.0844324", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "sudden success, aided by a contortionist, a ribbon dancer and all the rest of it.\" MTV News favorably likened its theme and wardrobe to \"Janet Jackson's audience-dividing, hypersexual The Velvet Rope Tour.\" The group, fresh off the major success of \"A Fever You Can't Sweat Out\", took a break after non-stop touring, and the group members began formulating ideas for their next album together during the winter of 2006. After a short period of development regarding the ideas of the album, on March 6, 2007 the band arrived at a cabin in the rural mountains of Mount Charleston, Nevada and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240013", "score": "1.0821583", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Panic (The Smiths song)", "text": "lyric from \"Reel Around the Fountain\" (\"I dreamt about you last night\"), while the 12\" version did not have a matrix message. The German 12\" read \"HANG THEM HIGH MONIKA/HANG THEM HIGH MONIKA\". Panic (The Smiths song) \"Panic\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, released in 1986 and written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. The first recording to feature new member Craig Gannon, \"Panic\" bemoans the state of contemporary pop music, which \"says nothing to me about my life\", and exhorts listeners to \"burn down the disco\" and \"hang the DJ\" in retaliation. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5544849", "score": "1.0817174", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "November. In roughly one year, Panic! at the Disco went from being the opening act on a five-band bill to the headliners on a massive arena tour. The Nothing Rhymes with Circus Tour feature the band's first highly theatrical live shows, which featured every song with dance numbers, skits, and tricks performed by a six-member troupe, as the band donned intricate costumes, loosely re-enacting moments from the songs. Kelefa Sanneh of \"The New York Times\" noted the sudden success and circus-inspired tour of the young band in a concert review: \"There’s something charming about watching a band trying to navigate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6240012", "score": "1.0805515", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Crazy=Genius", "text": "was standing in the way of any musical progression on \"Death of a Bachelor\", and that it was \"squarely aimed at the nostalgia center of the fan-base.\" Crazy=Genius \"Crazy=Genius\" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco and is the sixth track on the band's fifth studio album, \"Death of a Bachelor\" (2016). It was written by Brendon Urie, Sam Hollander, and Jake Sinclair and was produced by Sinclair. The song makes references to musicians Dennis Wilson, Brian Wilson, and Mike Love from the Beach Boys. \"Crazy=Genius\" was written by Panic! at the Disco's lead vocalist Brendon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19120545", "score": "1.080119", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Crazy=Genius", "text": "Crazy=Genius \"Crazy=Genius\" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco and is the sixth track on the band's fifth studio album, \"Death of a Bachelor\" (2016). It was written by Brendon Urie, Sam Hollander, and Jake Sinclair and was produced by Sinclair. The song makes references to musicians Dennis Wilson, Brian Wilson, and Mike Love from the Beach Boys. \"Crazy=Genius\" was written by Panic! at the Disco's lead vocalist Brendon Urie, Sam Hollander, and Jake Sinclair. Production was handled by Jake Sinclair. The song was released along with its parent studio album, \"Death of a Bachelor\" on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19120542", "score": "1.0772678", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Pretty. Odd.", "text": "paper, with soy ink, and organize an \"eco-contest,\" in which profits from the tour went straight to environmental organizations. Adapted from AllMusic. Panic at the Disco Additional musicians Pretty. Odd. Pretty. Odd. (stylized as Welcome to the Sound of Pretty Odd) is the second studio album by American rock band Panic at the Disco. Recorded at the Studio at the Palms in Paradise, Nevada with additional production at Abbey Road Studios in London with producer Rob Mathes, the album was released March 25, 2008 on Decaydance and Fueled by Ramen. Inspired by baroque pop and the works of The Beatles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11419756", "score": "1.0747844", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", "long_answer": "\"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video. (\"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage\" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video. (\"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage\" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque.", "short_answers": [ "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" ] }

[ "more than 200", "more than 200 strong" ]

[ { "title": "German verbs", "text": "German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of these are regular systems. Most verbs of both types are regular, though various subgroups and anomalies do arise. The only completely irregular verb in the language is sein (to be). although, textbooks for learners often class all strong verbs as irregular. There are more than 200 strong and irregular verbs, but there is a gradual tendency for strong verbs to become weak.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "no new strong verbs developed. Practically all new verbs were weak, and few new strong verbs were created. Over time, strong verbs tended to become weak in some languages, so that the total number of strong verbs in the languages was constantly decreasing. The coherence of the strong verb system is still present in modern German, Dutch, Icelandic and Faroese. For example, in German and Dutch, strong verbs are consistently marked with a past participle in \"-en\", while weak verbs have a past participle in \"-t\" in German and \"-t\" or \"-d\" in Dutch. In English, however, the original regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927187", "score": "1.2514554", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Middle High German verbs", "text": "Middle High German verbs Verbs in Middle High German are divided into strong or weak verbs. Strong verbs indicate tense by a change in the quality of a vowel, while weak verbs indicate tense by the addition of an ending. The various forms of the Middle High German verb include the infinitive, the present participle, the past participle, and the gerund. In Middle High German the infinitive usually ends in \"-en\" or simply \"-n\". The stem of the infinitive is the basic form from which all other verb forms are derived. The stem can be derived by simply taking the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11628858", "score": "1.171308", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Middle High German verbs", "text": "Strong verbs exhibit patterns of vowel change, called apophony, in the various numbers and tenses of the verb. Strong verbs are further divided according to the pattern of vowel change (the so-called \"Ablautreihe\"), of which there are seven major subdivisions, or classes, and often further subdivisions within a given class. Below is a paradigm of the conjugation of a typical Middle High German strong verb, \"gëben\" (Modern German 'geben', English 'to give') for the indicative and subjunctive present and preterite, along with its principal parts. In the present indicative singular, many of the classes exhibit a change in the stem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11628865", "score": "1.1681626", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Northern Bavarian", "text": "> \"I would know\". Both weak verbs and strong verbs may undergo apophony. The strong verbs can be split into two groups: the first group where the vowel in the non-finite form is the same as in the past participle; and the second group where the vowel in the non-finite form is different from the vowel in the past participle. The most common vowel gradations in the second group can be seen below: Apophony is not as common with weak verbs as in Standard German. However, the number of weak verbs with morphophonological variations is high, especially change in vowel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2154382", "score": "1.1569319", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Old Saxon grammar", "text": "Saxon are divided into strong and weak verbs. Strong verbs indicate tense by a change in the quality of a vowel, while weak verbs indicate tense by the addition of an ending. Here is a quick sum up of all the Old Saxon classes of strong and weak verbs. More information on these classes are given below. Strong verbs use the Germanic form of conjugation known as \"ablaut\". In this form of conjugation, the stem of the word changes to indicate the tense. Verbs like this persist in modern English; for example \"sing, sang, sung\" is a strong verb, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17463059", "score": "1.1566076", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "German verbs", "text": "verbs in German: weak and strong. Some grammars use the term \"mixed verbs\" to refer to weak verbs with irregularities. For a historical perspective on German verbs, see Germanic weak verb and Germanic strong verb. Below, the weak verb \"kaufen\" 'to buy' and the strong verb \"singen\" \"to sing\" are conjugated. Common conditional endings in present and past tense: -e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en \"sein\" \"to be\" is irregular in the conditional mood The \"(e)\"s are inserted when the stem of the verb ends in: The second person singular ending is -t for verbs whose stems end in: \"beten\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7358676", "score": "1.144829", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Weak inflection", "text": "English verbs contrast \"weak\" with \"irregular\", but this is misleading. It is true that most English or German weak verbs are regular, whereas Germanic strong verbs, despite the regularity of the system, are normally taught as irregular verbs; but there are also irregular weak verbs in English and German, and in Hebrew the weak verbs are the most irregular ones. In the case of the German noun, the strong noun is the norm, while the weak noun is usually taught as the anomalous form, though in fact it has its own regularity. In the German adjective, both systems are equally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4803597", "score": "1.1349378", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Middle High German verbs", "text": "to the strong and weak classes, there are a few minor classes of verbs: the so-called \"preterite-presents\", which exhibit a strong preterite-like vowel alternation in the present tense, contracted verbs, which have full forms as well as shortened versions, and anomalous verbs, which are simply irregular and do not conform to a general pattern. Weak verbs consist of two distinct classes: Class I, a small subset that exhibits changes in the stem vowel in present versus preterite, in addition to the dental suffix, and Class II, which covers the vast majority of weak verbs in which the stem vowel remains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11628863", "score": "1.1261424", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Germanic weak verb", "text": "tenses by means of \"ablaut\" (vowel gradation: \"sing - sang - sung\"). Most verbs in the early stages of the Germanic languages were strong. However, as the ablaut system is no longer productive except in rare cases of analogy, almost all new verbs in Germanic languages are weak, and the majority of the original strong verbs have become weak by analogy. As an example of the rather common process of originally strong verbs becoming weak, we may consider the development from the Old English strong verb \"scūfan\" to modern English \"shove\": Many hundreds of weak verbs in contemporary English go", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1479365", "score": "1.1209778", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Middle High German verbs", "text": "and after comparatives. In addition, it often occurs in subordinate clauses where there is otherwise no evident need for a subjunctive. Two voices are exhibited in Middle High German: active and passive. Verbs in Middle High German are divided into two basic categories, based upon the formation of the preterite: strong and weak. Strong verbs exhibit an alternation of the stem vowel in the preterite and past participle (called apophony, vowel gradation, or, traditionally, Ablaut), while in weak verbs, the vowel generally remains the same as in the present tense, and a dental suffix (usually \"-(e)t-\") is attached. In addition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11628862", "score": "1.1152885", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Germanic verb", "text": "Germanic as functioning verbs were strong, apart from the small group of irregular verbs discussed below. Examples in Old English: Or Old High German: In Proto-Germanic consonant alternations known as \"grammatischer Wechsel\" developed, as a result of Verner's law. An example in modern Dutch: The preterite of strong verbs are the reflex of the Indo-European perfect. Because the perfect in late Indo-European was no longer simply stative, but began to be used especially of stative actions whose source was a completed action in the past (e.g. Greek), this anterior aspect of it was emphasized in a couple of Indo-European daughter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3716720", "score": "1.1141592", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "the Germanic languages, the strong verbs were still mostly regular. The classes continued largely intact in Old English and the other older historical Germanic languages: Gothic, Old High German and Old Norse. However, idiosyncrasies of the phonological changes led to a growing number of subgroups. Also, once the ablaut system ceased to be productive, there was a decline in the speakers' awareness of the regularity of the system. That led to anomalous forms and the six big classes lost their cohesion. This process has advanced furthest in English, but in some other modern Germanic languages (such as German), the seven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927192", "score": "1.1134382", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Germanic verb", "text": "the same stem, with no vowel alternations within the stem. This meant that weak verbs were \"simpler\" to form, and as a result strong verbs gradually ceased to be productive. Already in the earliest attested Germanic languages strong verbs had become essentially closed classes, and almost all new verbs were formed using one of the weak conjugations. This pattern later repeated itself—further sound changes meant that stem alternations appeared in some weak classes in some daughter languages, and these classes generally became unproductive. This happened, for example, in all of the West Germanic languages besides Old High Germanic, where umlaut", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3716724", "score": "1.1091279", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "German verbs", "text": "it has a very unambiguous progressive aspect. As is shown in the following, German is not very rigid in its usage of tenses. More precise tenses are available to express certain temporal nuances, but the two most common tenses (present tense and perfect tense) can often be used instead if the context is unambiguous. This is frequent in the 2nd person singular, where the verb ending \"-st\" and the pronoun \"du\" (\"you\") are contracted into \"-ste\" . German verbs German verbs may be classified as either \"weak\", with a dental consonant inflection, or \"strong\", showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7358692", "score": "1.1056522", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Strong inflection", "text": "feature common to all strong forms, except that they are always counterpoints to \"weak\" ones. The Germanic strong verb, occurring in Germanic languages including German and English, is characterised by a vowel shift called ablaut. Examples in English include \"give/gave, come/came, fall/fell\". There is nothing comparable in the German strong adjective inflections. For a full discussion of this distinction see weak inflection. Strong inflection A strong inflection is a system of verb conjugation or noun/adjective declension which can be contrasted with an alternative system in the same language, which is then known as a weak inflection. The term \"strong\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1479433", "score": "1.1035423", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Proto-Germanic language", "text": "Proto-Germanic were divided into two main groups, called \"strong\" and \"weak\", according to the way the past tense is formed. Strong verbs use ablaut (i.e. a different vowel in the stem) and/or reduplication (derived primarily from the Proto-Indo-European perfect), while weak verbs use a dental suffix (now generally held to be a reflex of the reduplicated imperfect of PIE *\"dheH-\" originally \"put\", in Germanic \"do\"). Strong verbs were divided into seven main classes while weak verbs were divided into five main classes (although no attested language has more than four classes of weak verbs). Strong verbs generally have no suffix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1637663", "score": "1.1011014", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "German verbs", "text": "\"to pray\": weak transitive verb \"bitten\" \"to ask for, to beg\": strong transitive verb Some strong verbs change their stem vowel in the second and third person singular of the indicative mood of the present tense. \"lesen\" \"to read\": strong transitive verb werden \"to become\" (strong, irregular) haben \"to have\" (mostly weak, irregular) Compare the archaic English conjugation: sein \"to be\" (suppletive, irregular) Modal verbs are inflected irregularly. In the present tense, they use the \"preterite\" endings of the strong verbs. In the past tense, they use the preterite endings of the weak verbs. In addition, most modal verbs have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7358677", "score": "1.1004008", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "sung/had sung). One relic of a strong verbs remains, however: \"wees was gewees\" (\"to be\"). From West Germanic to Old High German: Changes from Old High German to Modern German: The classes are still well preserved in modern German. In class 1, part 3 is generalised, eliminating the older \"-ei-\" or \"-e-\". However, a new subdivision arises because the \"i\" of the past tense forms is lengthened to \"ie\" before a single consonant. \"reiten ritt geritten\" (\"to ride\") versus \"leihen lieh geliehen\" (\"to loan\"). Class 1 verbs in modern German are: The verbs \"leiden\"and \"schneiden\" preserved the verner alternation: \"leiden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927221", "score": "1.0995978", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "Germanic strong verb In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb that marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g. \"-ed\" in English), and are known as \"weak verbs\". In modern English, strong verbs include \"sing\" (present \"I sing\", past \"I sang\", past participle \"I have sung\") and \"drive\" (present \"I drive\", past \"I drove\", past participle \"I have driven\"), as opposed to weak verbs such as \"open\" (present \"I open\", past \"I opened\", past participle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927179", "score": "1.0979228", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Germanic weak verb", "text": "gradually being replaced by \"gebackt\", but the adjective is always \"gebacken\" (baked). The reverse process is very rare and can also be partial, producing \"semi-strong\" verbs: Weak verbs which develop strong forms are often unstable. A typical example is German \"fragen\" (to ask), which is historically weak and still weak in Standard German, but for a time in the 18th century, the forms \"fragen frug gefragen\" by analogy with for example \"tragen\" (to carry) were also considered acceptable in the standard. They survive today (along with a present tense \"frägt\") in the Rhinelandic regiolect and underlying dialects. In Dutch, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1479367", "score": "1.0970619", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Germanic weak verb", "text": "is sometimes applied to other language groups to designate phenomena that are not really analogous. For example, Hebrew \"irregular\" verbs are sometimes called weak verbs because one of their radicals is weak. See weak inflection. Germanic weak verb In Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, which are therefore often regarded as the norm (the regular verbs), but they are not historically the oldest or most original group. In Germanic languages, weak verbs are those verbs that form their preterites and past participles by means of a dental suffix, an inflection that contains a or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1479376", "score": "1.0965962", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "*\"buranaz\" in the past participle (zero-grade). In Proto-Germanic, the system of strong verbs was largely regular. As sound changes took place in the development of Germanic from PIE, the vowels of strong verbs became more varied, but usually in predictable ways, so in most cases all of the principal parts of a strong verb of a given class could be reliably predicted from the infinitive. Thus we can reconstruct Common Germanic as having seven coherent classes of strong verbs. This system continued largely intact in the first attested Germanic languages, notably Gothic, Old English, Old High German and Old Norse.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927184", "score": "1.0955088", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "changes occurred from West Germanic to Old Saxon: From Old Saxon to Middle Low German: As in Middle Dutch Lengthening of vowels in open syllables: \"e\" > \"ē\", \"o\" > \"ō\", \"a\" > \"ā\", \"ö\" > \"ȫ\", ü > \"ǖ\". \"i\" Is often lengthened to \"ē\". From Middle Low German to Modern Low German: Most classes are quite well preserved, although the cohesion of some has been lost substantially or even entirely. Changes from Proto-Germanic to Old Norse: tærske Changes from Old Norse to modern Norwegian Nynorsk: Germanic strong verb In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927224", "score": "1.09517", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "German grammar", "text": "four cases, and verbs are conjugated for person and number. Accordingly, German has more inflections than English, and uses more suffixes. For example, in comparison to the -s added to third-person singular present-tense verbs in English, most German verbs employ four different suffixes for the conjugation of present-tense verbs, namely -e for the first-person singular, -st for the second-person singular, -t for the third-person singular and for the second-person plural, and -en for the first- and third-person plural. Owing to the gender and case distinctions, the articles have more possible forms. In addition, some prepositions combine with some of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1782095", "score": "1.0925196", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "Germanic strong verbs, mostly deriving directly from PIE, are slowly being supplanted by or transformed into weak verbs. As well as developing the strong verb system, Germanic also went on to develop two other classes of verbs: the weak verbs and a third, much smaller, class known as the preterite-present verbs, which are continued in the English auxiliary verbs, e.g. \"can/could, shall/should, may/might, must\". Weak verbs originally derived from other types of word in PIE and originally occurred only in the present aspect. They did not have a perfect aspect, meaning that they came to lack a past tense in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927185", "score": "1.0914372", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Germanic strong verb", "text": "Germanic once the perfect had become the past. Not having a past tense at all, they obviously also had no vowel alternations between present and past. To compensate for this, a new type of past tense was eventually created for these verbs by adding a \"-d-\" or \"-t-\" suffix to the stem. This is why only strong verbs have vowel alternations: their past tense forms descend from the original PIE perfect aspect, while the past tense forms of weak verbs were created later. The development of weak verbs in Germanic meant that the strong verb system ceased to be productive:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4927186", "score": "1.0905827", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "German grammar", "text": "in the genitive case If there is no other word carrying the strong ending of the genitive plural, the numbers must carry it. If these numbers are center of a nominal phrase in the dative plural and no other word carries case markers, they may carry dative endings. German adjectives normally precede the noun they are modifying. German adjectives have endings which depend on the case, number and (in the singular) gender of the nominal phrase. There are three sets of endings: strong endings, mixed endings and weak endings. Which set is used depends on what kind of word the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1782122", "score": "1.0876772", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Plautdietsch language", "text": "vowel change in past tense and past participle. As in German, some verbs might have a vowel change in second and third person of the singular in present tense as well. A few verbs that are strong in German are weak in Plautdietsch, but many German weak verbs are strong in Plautdietsch, however, when compared with Dutch and English, those are strong, too. GENERALITIES: Vowel changes in present tense are somewhat predictable: long ie and u change into short i; long ä/o change into e or a; diphthongs äa and oa are simplified to a. The first and third person", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1531302", "score": "1.0866275", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Erzgebirgisch", "text": "events (cf. German: \"Er wird wohl wieder nicht da gewesen sein.\" He has probably not attended again.) The infinitive and the present participle and the past participle are formed with the following affixes: Erzgebirgisch distinguishes \"strong verbs\", involving ablaut, and \"weak verbs\", without ablaut. Both classes take the same suffixes. The present tense can be used to refer to events in the present or future. The suffixes are sometimes assimilated to the stem, as can be seen from \"hàm\", `to have'. As mentioned above, the preterite form is only used with \"strong\" verbs. \"Weak\" verbs use the perfect instead. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10126893", "score": "1.0847588", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "German verbs", "long_answer": "German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of these are regular systems. Most verbs of both types are regular, though various subgroups and anomalies do arise. The only completely irregular verb in the language is sein (to be). although, textbooks for learners often class all strong verbs as irregular. There are more than 200 strong and irregular verbs, but there is a gradual tendency for strong verbs to become weak.", "chunked_long_answer": "German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of these are regular systems. Most verbs of both types are regular, though various subgroups and anomalies do arise. The only completely irregular verb in the language is sein (to be). although, textbooks for learners often class all strong verbs as irregular. There are more than 200 strong and irregular verbs, but there is a gradual tendency for strong verbs to become weak.", "short_answers": [ "more than 200", "more than 200 strong" ] }

[ "Joyce Vincent Wilson", "Pamela Vincent", "Tony Orlando and Dawn" ]

[ { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "\"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell, with Motown/Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins, Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals. It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "of it in which James Earl Jones played the role of the returning ex-con. According to L. Russell Brown, he read Hamill's story in the \"Reader's Digest\", and suggested to his songwriting partner Irwin Levine that they write a song based on it. Levine and Brown then registered for copyright the song which they called \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon 'Round the Ole Oak Tree\". At the time, the writers said they heard the story while serving in the military. Pete Hamill was not convinced and filed suit for infringement. Hamill dropped his suit after folklorists working for Levine and Brown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892090", "score": "1.3024132", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "four weeks in April 1973, number one on the Australian charts for seven weeks from May to July 1973 and number one on the New Zealand charts for ten weeks from June to August 1973. It was the top-selling single in 1973 in both the US and UK. In 2008, \"Billboard\" ranked the song as the 37th biggest song of all time in its issue celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Hot 100. The song is told from the point of view of someone who has \"done his time\" but is uncertain if he will be welcomed home. He writes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892086", "score": "1.265138", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and BMI calculated that radio stations had played it 3 million times from seventeen continuous years of airplay. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1973. It also reached No. 1 in the UK and Australia, and has sold 1 million copies in the UK. In New Zealand, the song spent 10 weeks at number one. In the Philippines, the song was best known for its use in the return of exiled politician Benigno Aquino, Jr. to the country in 1983, during which Aquino supporters tied yellow ribbons on trees in anticipation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892092", "score": "1.2600583", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Connie Francis", "text": "picture work, and travelling. From 1970 until 1973, Francis lived in semiretirement, appearing only occasionally as a special guest on TV shows. In 1973, Francis returned to the recording studio, cutting \"(Should I) Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree?\", b/w \"Paint the Rain\" on GSF Records. This answer song to \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree\" by Tony Orlando & Dawn bubbled under the charts. The project of recording a German version, though, remained unfinished. Another 1971 single, \"I Don't Want to Walk Without You\", b/w \"Don't Turn Around\", on Ivanhoe Records, failed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1439581", "score": "1.2082968", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "or in jail, would be welcomed home on their return. In October 1971, newspaper columnist Pete Hamill wrote a piece for the \"New York Post\" called \"Going Home\". In it, he told a variant of the story, in which college students on a bus trip to the beaches of Fort Lauderdale make friends with an ex-convict who is watching for a yellow handkerchief on a roadside oak in Brunswick, Georgia. Hamill claimed to have heard this story in oral tradition. In June 1972, nine months later, \"Reader's Digest\" reprinted \"Going Home\". Also in June 1972, ABC-TV aired a dramatized version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892089", "score": "1.1813551", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "much welcome. The origin of the idea of a yellow ribbon as remembrance may have been the 19th-century practice that some women allegedly had of wearing a yellow ribbon in their hair to signify their devotion to a husband or sweetheart serving in the U.S. Cavalry. The song \"'Round Her Neck She Wears a Yeller Ribbon\", which later inspired the John Wayne movie \"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon\", is a reference to this. The symbol of a yellow ribbon became widely known in civilian life in the 1970s as a reminder that an absent loved one, either in the military", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892088", "score": "1.1702099", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "L. Russell Brown", "text": "My Sweet Gypsy Rose\". \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" appears in such films as Wallace and Gromitt, \"Fargo\", and \"Forrest Gump\", and has reputedly been recorded over one thousand times. One of Brown's later successes as a writer was \"Use It Up and Wear It Out\", co-written with Sandy Linzer, which was a #1 hit in the UK for Odyssey in 1980. Other musicians who have recorded his songs include Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Perry Como, Lesley Gore, Ray Conniff, Johnny Mathis, and Donny Osmond. L. Russell Brown Lawrence \"Larry\" Russell Brown (born June 29, 1940),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12167131", "score": "1.1686535", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "to his love, asking her to tie a yellow ribbon around the \"ole oak tree\" in front of the house (which the bus will pass by) if she wants him to return to her life; if he does not see such a ribbon, he will remain on the bus (taking that to mean he is unwelcome) and understand her reasons (\"put the blame on me\"). He asks the bus driver to check, fearful of not seeing anything. To his amazement, the entire bus cheers the response – there are 100 yellow ribbons around the tree, a sign he is very", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892087", "score": "1.1578948", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "text": "turned up archival versions of the story that had been collected before \"Going Home\" had been written. Levine and Brown first offered the song to Ringo Starr, but Al Steckler of Apple Records told them that they should be ashamed of the song and described it as \"ridiculous\". In April 1973, the recording by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando reached No. 1 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (chart date 21 April 1973) in the US, and stayed at No. 1 for four weeks. \"Tie A Yellow Ribbon\" sold 3 million records in the US in three weeks. It also reached No.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8892091", "score": "1.1502581", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Yellow ribbon", "text": "a symbol of acceptance in the song \"Tie A Yellow Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree\" as stated above. In South Korea, the yellow ribbon is a symbol in memory of the victims and families of deceased of the 2014 MV \"Sewol\" disaster, in which 304 ferry passengers perished. During the Iran hostage crisis, the yellow ribbon was used a symbol of support for the hostages held at the United States embassy in Tehran. In November 1979, a committee headed by Suzan E. Garrett of the Jaycees ladies service organization in Leitchfield, Kentucky organized a campaign to \"Tie A Yellow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2794226", "score": "1.1348188", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Awareness ribbon", "text": "Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" was released, and based on this song, a wife of a hostage in Iran, Penney Laingen, was the first who used the ribbon as an awareness symbol. She tied yellow ribbons around trees, to illustrate desire for her husband coming home. Her friends and family members followed the trend. As many individuals were able to see this message, the \"ribbon became a medium\". In May 1986, the AIDS Faith Alliance, later to be known as Christian Action on AIDS, held an open conference on AIDS at Notting Hill Gate in London, supported by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4233468", "score": "1.1322926", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Don Kirshner's Rock Concert", "text": "the Ole Oak Tree\" but sung as \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round a Dodge Omni\" sung by him and Tony Orlando (Tony Rosato). The skit appears on the 'Best of the Early Years' DVD. Specific General Don Kirshner's Rock Concert Don Kirshner's Rock Concert is an American television music variety show that ran during the 1970s and early 1980s, created and produced by Don Kirshner and syndicated to television stations, initially through Viacom Enterprises, and later through Syndicast. It premiered on September 27, 1973, with a performance by The Rolling Stones; its last episode was in 1981. Kirshner had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8853214", "score": "1.102184", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Yellow ribbon", "text": "the Ole Oak Tree (with the song's lyrics serving as an allegory of Aquino's homecoming after a long period of incarceration and subsequent exile due to his constant criticism of the Marcos regime), supporters tied yellow ribbons along the streets of Metro Manila to welcome him from his self-exile in the United States. Aquino never saw the ribbons as he was assassinated while disembarking at the Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983. His death led to a series of events that culminated in the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos. The color yellow was symbolic of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2794223", "score": "1.0606757", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Connie Francis", "text": "chart. After her modest success with \"(Should I) Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree?\" Francis began performing regularly again. While appearing at the Westbury Music Fair in New York, on November 8, 1974, Francis was raped at the Jericho Turnpike Howard Johnson's Lodge in Jericho, New York, and nearly suffocated under the weight of a heavy mattress the culprit had thrown upon her. She subsequently sued the motel chain for failing to provide adequate security and reportedly won a $2.5 million judgment, at the time one of the largest such judgments in history, leading to a reform", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1439582", "score": "1.0426075", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Green, Green Grass of Home", "text": "as they lay me 'neath the green, green grass of home.\" The Joan Baez version ends: \"Yes, we'll all be together in the shade of the old oak tree / When we meet beneath the green, green grass of home.\" Welsh singer Tom Jones, who was appearing on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1965, visited Colony Records while staying in New York City. On asking if they had any new works by Jerry Lee Lewis, he was given the new country album. Impressed with the song, Jones recorded and released the song in the UK in 1966 and it reached", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6534501", "score": "1.019327", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Lonely Tree", "text": "old oak as a symbol of the German people, rooted in the landscape; Jens Christian Jensen sees it as a link between the past and the present; and Charlotte Margarethe de Prybram-Gladona sees it as a symbol of loneliness. The Lonely Tree The Lonely Tree (German: \"Der einsame Baum\") is an 1822 oil-on-canvas painting by German painter Caspar David Friedrich. It measures . The work depicts a panoramic view of a romantic landscape of plains with mountains in the background. A solitary oak tree dominates the foreground. An ancient oak stands at the centre of the painting, clearly damaged but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18406499", "score": "1.0138264", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Awareness ribbon", "text": "during the Middle Ages in Europe. The yellow ribbon came from the Puritan Army during the English Civil War. From there, it spread to the Americas, where the Army of the United States became associated with it. A yellow ribbon was mentioned in a marching song, sung by the military in the United States. In the year 1917 George A. Norton copyrighted the song for the first time. The title of the song was \"Round Her Neck She Wears a Yeller Ribbon\". In the 1940s the song was rewritten by several musicians. In the early 1970s, the song \"Tie a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4233467", "score": "1.0131993", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Old Pop in an Oak", "text": "climbed up an oak tree to get away from his wife whose pet skunk he cooked on a grill. The music video for \"Old Pop in an Oak\" was directed by Swedish director Stefan Berg. Berg also directed the music video for \"Cotton Eye Joe\". Old Pop in an Oak \"Old Pop in an Oak\" is a song recorded by the Swedish band Rednex. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from their debut album \"Sex & Violins\". The song reached number one in many countries, including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. It is essentially a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5541143", "score": "1.0120502", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Old Orange Flute", "text": "The Old Orange Flute The Old Orange Flute (also spelt Ould Orange Flute) is a folk song originating in Ireland. It is often associated with the Orange Order. Despite this, its humour ensured a certain amount of cross-community appeal, especially in the period before the commencement of The Troubles in the late 1960s, and it has also been recorded by artists better-known for songs associated with Irish nationalism, such as The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem and The Dubliners. The tune itself, often referred to as \"Villikins and his Dinah\" after a music hall song of the 1850s (and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16875720", "score": "1.0109451", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Yellow ribbon", "text": "Her Neck She Wears a Yeller Ribbon\"\" \"(For Her Lover Who Is Far, Far Away)\". While he tells in the song about the love between Susie Simpkins and her soldier lover Silas Hubbard, his chorus goes: The lyrics were altered and the song was titled \"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon\" by Russ Morgan for the 1949 movie of the same name. This was performed by several popular musicians of the 1940s, including Mitch Miller and The Andrews Sisters. The Tanner Sisters recorded their version in London on December 30, 1949. It was released by EMI on the His Master's Voice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2794204", "score": "1.0043045", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Oak Apple Day", "text": "Tower Captain throws the old branch down from the top of the tower and a new one is hauled to the top. Everyone is then invited to the vicarage gardens for refreshments and a barbecue. Up to 12 noon villagers wear a sprig of \"red\" (new) oak and in the afternoon wear a sprig of \"Boys Love\" (\"Artemisia abrotanum\"); tradition dictates that the punishment for not doing this results in being stung by nettles. Oak Apple Day Restoration Day, more commonly known as Oak Apple Day or Royal Oak Day, was an English public holiday, observed annually on 29 May,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2604475", "score": "1.0023324", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Yellow Ribbon Project", "text": "poetry competition allows ex-offenders to express their thoughts and reflections through their self-penned poems. The 2006 competition saw the participation of 480 inmates and 20 of them were selected to recite their entry in front of their families. Organised by CARE Network and the National Library Board, the 2007 competition saw the participation of 24 inmates who were asked to write on the theme of giving and how they hoped to contribute to their families and society. The inaugural Tie-A-Yellow-Ribbon Walk was held on 3 September 2005 and drew a crowd of 14,000. The second Tie-A-Yellow-Ribbon Walk was held in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8851274", "score": "0.99773705", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Oakerthorpe", "text": "garlands were made of wooden hoops decorated with rosettes, ornaments of white paper and ribbons, and sometimes a pair of white gloves. They were hung up in the church after the funeral, many lingering for centuries. Such a garland was carried at Ann Kendall’s funeral and was still hanging in South Wingfield in the 1870s, in spite of previous offers to purchase the curio. South Wingfield, which includes Oakerthorpe, was held by Alnoth at the time of the Norman Conquest. He also held extensive land in Dorset, Devon and Tolgullow in Cornwall. Oakerthorpe Oakerthorpe is a village in Derbyshire, England.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10768595", "score": "0.99483925", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Old Pop in an Oak", "text": "Old Pop in an Oak \"Old Pop in an Oak\" is a song recorded by the Swedish band Rednex. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from their debut album \"Sex & Violins\". The song reached number one in many countries, including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. It is essentially a nonsensical song that relies on a catchy beat and the band's trademark blend of Eurodance and country to carry it; melodically and stylewise it is extremely similar to the earlier single \"Cotton Eye Joe\", however, the central theme seems to be that the father (Pop)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5541142", "score": "0.9947485", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Yellow ribbon", "text": "Ribbon\" around public trees as well as encouraging people to wear tied ribbons on lapels in support of the U.S. hostages being held in Iran. She was interviewed on ABC-TV by Ted Koppel on the newly created \"Nightline\" late-night news program and later by Peter Jennings for ABC's \"World News Tonight\". This symbolism continued and gained further recognition in December 1979, when Penelope Laingen, wife of Bruce Laingen who was the most senior foreign service officer being held hostage, tied a yellow ribbon around a tree on the lawn of her Maryland home. The ribbon primarily symbolized the resolve of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2794227", "score": "0.99452853", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Chained Oak", "text": "Chained Oak The Chained Oak is an oak tree, tied in chains, near to the village of Alton, Staffordshire, England. The tree, referred to as \"The Old Oak\", is the subject of a local legend involving the Earl of Shrewsbury and an old beggar woman. The legend goes that on an autumn night Earl of Shrewsbury was returning to his home at Alton Towers when an old woman suddenly appeared in the road. The coach stopped to find why she was there, and then the old woman begged for a coin. The Earl cruelly dismissed her, so the old woman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7018397", "score": "0.97687984", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tony Orlando and Dawn (TV series)", "text": "Orlando') released another single in 1973, and it almost immediately became their next No. 1 single — \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon 'Round the Ole Oak Tree.\" In terms of sales, this single was the most successful in the group's career, starting a string of seven consecutive Hot 100 appearances with long titles by the group. The group's next single, \"Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose\" (from their concept album \"Dawn's New Ragtime Follies\"), went to No. 3 on the Hot 100, followed by similarly flavored top 40 hits \"Who's In The Strawberry Patch With Sally\" (the first single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19248054", "score": "0.9760222", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Down by the Old Mill Stream", "text": "included the song in their album \"Greatest Barbershop Hits\" (1959). Harry James recorded a version in 1965 on his album \"Harry James Plays Green Onions & Other Great Hits\" (Dot DLP 3634 and DLP 25634). \"My darling I am dreaming of the days gone by,<br> \"When you and I were sweethearts beneath the summer sky;<br> \"Your hair has turned to silver, the gold has faded too;<br> \"But still I will remember, where I first met you.\" \"The old mill wheel is silent and has fallen down,<br> \"The old oak tree has withered and lies there on the ground;<br> \"While you", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12051978", "score": "0.9732171", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Just an Old Fashioned Girl", "text": "simple kind<br>I want an old fashioned house, with an old fashioned fence<br>And an old fashioned millionaire. The song's lyricist and composer, Marvin A. \"Marve\" Fisher (June 21, 1907 – September 1, 1957), was an Illinois-born and Los Angeles-based writer of comic and novelty songs, including \"Ring Those Christmas Bells\", recorded by Peggy Lee and others, which Fisher co-wrote with Gus Levene. He is sometimes confused with another songwriter, Marvin Fisher (1916–1993), who wrote \"When Sunny Gets Blue\" and \"Destination Moon\", and was the son of Fred Fisher. Just an Old Fashioned Girl \"Just An Old Fashioned Girl\" is a popular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18606815", "score": "0.9693947", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "long_answer": "\"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell, with Motown/Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins, Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals. It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell, with Motown/Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins, Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals. It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973.", "short_answers": [ "Joyce Vincent Wilson", "Pamela Vincent", "Tony Orlando and Dawn" ] }

[ "\"Psychomachia,\"" ]

[ { "title": "Patience is a virtue", "text": "Patience is a virtue is a proverbial phrase referring to one of the seven heavenly virtues typically said to date back to \"Psychomachia,\" an epic poem written in the fifth century.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Stanley Hauerwas", "text": "\"patience is integral to the Christian life\". Patience cannot be first learned while being a patient. To learn patience, Christians are to exercise the virtue through deeds, truth, practice, and living it. Hauerwas also says that patience is a virtue we have in common with God. \"In Him, patience has its beginning, and from Him as its source it takes its splendor and dignity.\" He also says that God showed us the best example of patience when it comes to the life of Jesus. Because God is the foundation, Hauerwas stated that “only patience shaped by Christ is true patience\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4523970", "score": "1.008373", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "are connected to the Internet at faster speeds are less patient than their counterparts connected at slower speeds, demonstrating a link between the human expectation of speed and human patience. These and other scientific studies of patience have led many social commentators to conclude that the rapid pace of technology is rewiring humans to be less and less patient. Patience and fortitude are prominent themes in Judaism. The Talmud extols patience as an important personal trait. The story of Micah, for example, is that he suffers many challenging conditions and yet endures, saying \"I will wait for the God who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583860", "score": "0.9505499", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "is also discussed in other sections, such as Ecclesiastes: \"Better is the patient spirit than the lofty spirit. Do not in spirit become quickly discontented, for discontent lodges in the bosom of a fool.\" (Ecclesiastes 7:8-9, NAB). In the Christian religion, patience is one of the most valuable virtues of life. Increasing patience is viewed as the work of the Holy Ghost in the Christian who has accepted the gift of salvation. While patience is not one of the traditional biblical three theological virtues nor one of the traditional cardinal virtues, it is part of the fruit of the Holy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583862", "score": "0.9347168", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "Patience Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances such as perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding in annoyance/anger; or forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties. Patience is the level of endurance one can have before negativity. It is also used to refer to the character trait of being steadfast. Antonyms include and impetuousness. In psychology and in cognitive neuroscience, patience is studied as a decision-making problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, versus a more valuable reward in the long-term. When given a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583857", "score": "0.8940371", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Patience (poem)", "text": "in mass one day. He closely associates it with poverty, closing with an admonition not to grumble or fight one’s fate, as Jonah did (ll. 1 - 56). The remainder of the work utilizes the story of Jonah as an exemplum which illustrates and justifies the admonition to accept the will of God patiently. Jonah's story delineates his own impatience because he could not handle the burden of what he was supposed to do — preach to the Ninevites. Notably, patience is generally paired in opposition to sloth. Medieval schools of thought would have condemned sloth, portraying negative consequences of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1297546", "score": "0.8904734", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "saves me.\" Patience in God, it is said, will aid believers in finding the strength to be delivered from the evils that are inherent in the physical life. In the Hebrew Torah, patience is referred to in several proverbs, such as \"The patient man shows much good sense, but the quick-tempered man displays folly at its height\" (Proverbs 14:29, NAB); \"An ill-tempered man stirs up strife, but a patient man allays discord.\" (Proverbs 15:18, NAB); and \"A patient man is better than a warrior, and he who rules his temper, than he who takes a city.\" (Proverbs 16:32). The emotion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583861", "score": "0.87725043", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Stanley Hauerwas", "text": "“a kind of endurance in the face of difficulty, danger, or oppression.\" To tie in the first essay, he went on to say that patience and perseverance are “integral to the very meaning of virtue.\" All of this is to say that the Christian must have the patience to get through tough times. To him, the ultimate display of courage is through the martyr, who is “required to patiently persevere, since they have the confidence that enduring wrong is the gift of charity.\" The philosopher also highlighted that true courage is a gift of the Holy Spirit when he said", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4523974", "score": "0.8746265", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "\"perfections\" (\"paramitas\") that a bodhisattva trains in and practices to realize perfect enlightenment (\"bodhi\"). The Buddhist concept of patience is distinct from the English definition of the word. In Buddhism, patience refers to not returning harm, rather than merely enduring a difficult situation. It is the ability to control one's emotions even when being criticized or attacked. In verse 184 of the Dhammapada it is said that 'enduring patience is the highest austerity'. Patience and forbearance is considered an essential virtue in Hinduism. In ancient literature of Hinduism, the concept of patience is referred to with the word \"pariksaha\" (patience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583867", "score": "0.8695028", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Patience (play)", "text": "from his cell phone to find the answer to what is the point of being good. This play falls under the genre of a classic tragedy. It starts with a state of equilibrium where there is a basic moral code. In \"Patience\" it is if you do your work you will be rewarded. Reuben worked hard at his job and became successful. He had a girl fall in love with him and they got married and had kids. Then the inciting incident happens when a character commits an act of shame. Reuben's business partners find that he has stolen from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13098182", "score": "0.8591424", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "Spirit, according to the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians. In the Christian Bible, patience is referred to in several sections. The Book of Proverbs notes that \"through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone\" (Proverbs 25:14-16, NIV); Ecclesiastes points out that the \"end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride\" (Ecclesiastes 7:7-9, NIV); and 1 Thessalonians states that we should \"be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583863", "score": "0.84034103", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "and forbearance, Sanskrit: परिषहा), and several other words such as sahiṣṇutā (patient toleration, Sanskrit: सहिष्णुता), \"titiksha\" (forbearance, Sanskrit: तितिक्षा), \"sah\" or \"sahanshilata\" (suffer with patience, Sanskrit: सह, सहनशीलता) and several others. Patience, in Hindu philosophy, is the cheerful endurance of trying conditions and the consequence of one's action and deeds (karma). It is also the capacity to wait, endure opposites - such as pain and pleasure, cold and heat, sorrows and joys - calmly, without anxiety, and without a desire to seek revenge. In interpersonal relationships, virtuous \"titiksha\" means that if someone attacks or insults without cause, one must endure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583868", "score": "0.8308212", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Stanley Hauerwas", "text": "As well as this, he later emphasized that patience is not developed by human will, but given through the Holy Spirit, who gives us the capacity to love, for “without [love] in us there cannot be patience because in good men it is the [love] of God which endures all things.” In the author’s essay, he gave people a framework of how to learn to practice patience when we are not sick: 1. We have been given one another to learn to live with one another. 2. We’ve been given time and space to develop habits from activities that require", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4523971", "score": "0.8300929", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "term. Some of the verse excerpts from this book are: \"our conduct must always foster forbearance\"; \"one must patiently endure rude remarks, because it delivers us to purity\"; \"if we are unjustly wronged by others, it is best to conquer our hurt with patience, accept suffering, and refrain from unrighteous retaliation\"; \"it is good to patiently endure injuries done to you, but to forget them is even better\"; \"just as the Earth bears those who dig into her, one must with patience bear with those who despise us\", and so on. The spiritual teacher Meher Baba stated that \"[O]ne of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583871", "score": "0.814939", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Patience (poem)", "text": "Patience (poem) Patience (Middle English: \"Pacience\") is a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century. Its unknown author, designated the \"Pearl Poet\" or \"Gawain-Poet\", also appears, on the basis of dialect and stylistic evidence, to be the author of \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\", \"Pearl\", and \"Cleanness\" (all ca. 1360-1395) and may have composed \"St. Erkenwald\". This is thought to be true because the techniques and vocabulary of regional dialect of the unknown author is that of Northwest Midlands, located between Shropshire and Lancashire. The manuscript, Cotton Nero A.x is in the British Library. The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1297543", "score": "0.8131657", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "all\" (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15, NAB). In the Epistle of James, the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and \" see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth...until it receives the early and the late rains.\" (James 5:7-11, NAB). In Galatians, patience is listed as part of the \"fruit of the Spirit\": \"love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law\". (Galatians 5:21-23, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that \"Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583864", "score": "0.81204534", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Morality in Islam", "text": "used to deposit their valuable things at Muhammad because of his honesty and trustworthiness. When Muhammad was compelled to leave Mecca because of Quraysh opposition, he directed his cousin Ali to return those deposits at their due recipients after his leave. The issue of patience is of special interest in Islam. Islamic tradition holds that God has made this world a testing ground for mankind, especially for the believers, and that the sincerity and strength of their faith will be judged through various trials. Patience is one of the moral qualities which Islamic sharia considers necessary for a Muslim in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19679701", "score": "0.8101554", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Khidr", "text": "nature and that \"Surely you [Moses] cannot have patience with me. And how canst thou have patience about things about which thy understanding is not complete?\" Moses promises to be patient and obey him unquestioningly, and they set out together. After they board a ship, the Servant of God damages the vessel. Forgetting his oath, Moses says, \"Have you made a hole in it to drown its inmates? Certainly you have done a grievous thing.\" The Servant reminds Moses of his warning, \"Did I not say that you will not be able to have patience with me?\" and Moses pleads", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4428075", "score": "0.80732167", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lois Reeves", "text": "late 1970s, Lois quit singing and opened a night spot in Detroit with her then-husband. A few years later she closed the business, got divorced, and found herself back on the road as a Vandella, this time with younger sister Delphine. In 1990, she released the single \"Patience Is a Virtue\" and the album track \"Sweet Temptation\" for Ian Levine's Motorcity project. \"Patience Is a Virtue\" is one of the songs on the \"Ladies Of Soul 2\" Motorcity album. Lois continues singing with her sisters Martha and Delphine as \"Martha Reeves and the Vandellas\". Her contribution to her tenure as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10868012", "score": "0.80254215", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "the first requirements of the [spiritual] aspirant is that he should combine \"unfailing enthusiasm with unyielding patience\"...Spiritual effort demands not only physical endurance and courage, but also unshrinking forbearance and unassailable moral courage.\" In \"Human, All Too Human\", philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that \"being able to wait is so hard that the greatest poets did not disdain to make the inability to wait the theme of their poetry.\" He notes that \"Passion will not wait\", and gives the example of cases of duels, in which the \"advising friends have to determine whether the parties involved might be able to wait", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583872", "score": "0.8021681", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Patience (poem)", "text": "poet's improvisation and colorful retelling of story, such as the manner how Jonah floats into the whale's mouth \"like a mote going through the church door\" (268 ). This is meant as the antithesis of its example. Jonah is the impatient, which makes for a perfect \"what not to do\" example to include the poet's story. Furthermore, the author changes perspective \"with an eye toward the psychological motives of God, as well as Jonah\" (Szarmach,568). This humanizes God, which would not have been a known theological concept in the 14th century, distinguishing this poem from the others. Patience (poem) Patience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1297553", "score": "0.80066454", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "a while longer. If they cannot, then a duel is reasonable [because]...to wait would be to continue suffering the horrible torture of offended honor...\". Impatience is not just the opposite of patience or the lack of it, it is more than that. Impatience is also a cultural phenomenon in many respects. There are deep-rooted psychological and social reasons for both feelings of and displays of impatience. The term 'road rage' is commonly used to refer to situations that are the result of some form of impatience, though of course there can be other factors involved. This phrase refers to circumstances", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583873", "score": "0.8000767", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Patience (play)", "text": "is a decent amount of traffic that allows them to have a lengthy conversation. During the drive Phil reveals that he is leaving his wife Mary for a student he was teaching. He thought this was always bound to happen: “Every year, I worry about this. Every year they get more gorgeous. Or maybe I get less picky.” He tells Reuben everything, about how they met, how they first went out for a drink, and how he fell in love with her right away. He asks Reuben if something like this had ever happened to him before. He mentions once", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13098153", "score": "0.79758906", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Tokugawa Ieyasu", "text": "Look upon the wrath of thy enemy. If thou only knowest what it is to conquer, and knowest not what it is to be defeated; woe unto thee, it will fare ill with thee. Find fault with thyself rather than with others. The strong manly ones in life are those who understand the meaning of the word patience. Patience means restraining one's inclinations. There are seven emotions: joy, anger, anxiety, adoration, grief, fear, and hate, and if a man does not give way to these he can be called patient. I am not as strong as I might be, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "421316", "score": "0.7943485", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Patience (play)", "text": "Patience (play) Patience is a play written and published in 1998 by Jason Sherman (Doollie.com). It is about Reuben, who one day loses everything. The play follows a path similar to David Mamet's play \"Edmond\". It traces a psychological journey through Reuben's head while he tries to figure out how everything happened. The play was written at a time when the story would hit home for a lot of middle-aged, middle-class men. The play opens with the lead character, Reuben, playing squash with Peter, a business partner. They get into an argument which causes Reuben to go to dinner by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13098146", "score": "0.7937183", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "on hold for a significant length of time, and sometimes eventually reaching the wrong person for whatever reason, the customer is understandably upset. Impatience is usually viewed as a negative thing. Patience should not be confused with laziness, complacency or inaptitude. Laziness is lacking a desire to fix a certain problem or complete a job. Laziness means that one's desire to do other things than a given task outweighs the desire to do that particular task. This is not the same as being patient with a process. The Perl programming culture has famously declared Impatience to be a virtue. Patience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583876", "score": "0.7934449", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Patience (opera)", "text": "the 19th-century European movement that emphasised aesthetic values over moral or social themes in literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design. Called \"Art for Art's Sake\", the movement valued its ideals of beauty above any pragmatic concerns. Although the output of poets, painters and designers was prolific, some argued that the movement's art, poetry and fashion was empty and self-indulgent. That the movement was so popular and also so easy to ridicule as a meaningless fad helped make \"Patience\" a big hit. The same factors made a hit out of \"The Colonel\", a play by F. C. Burnand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5161672", "score": "0.7877112", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Patience (game)", "text": "of the game is to build up four blocks of cards going from ace to king in each suit, taking cards from the layout if they appear on the table. There is a vast array of variations on the patience theme, using either one or more decks of cards, with rules of varying complexity and skill levels. Many of these have been converted to electronic form and are available as computer games. The game is most likely German or Scandinavian in origin. The game became popular in France in the early 19th century, reaching Britain and America in the latter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11346342", "score": "0.7874922", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1844", "text": "the first and patience is the last, precisely because patience is just as active as it is passive and just as passive as it is active. \"Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses\", Hong p. 187 There are two paths people take in life. The path of patience or the path of impatience. Kierkegaard puts it so well, Does not patience perceive that the greatest danger is that the elucidating understanding’s fears prove not to be the case, for then not even patience could comfort anymore? Now it can, if only the sick one so desires, since the danger is whether the sick one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15396771", "score": "0.78684795", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Patience", "text": "a food product acquired by waiting for exudate to flow from trees, whereas tamarins feed on insects, a food product requiring impulsive action. Foraging ecology, therefore, may provide a selective pressure for the evolution of self-control. Patience of human users in the online world has been the subject of much recent scientific research. In a 2012 study involving tens of millions of users who watched videos on the Internet, Krishnan and Sitaraman show that online users lose patience in as little as two seconds while waiting for their chosen video to start playing. The study also shows that users who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "583859", "score": "0.7860771", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Patience is a virtue", "long_answer": "Patience is a virtue is a proverbial phrase referring to one of the seven heavenly virtues typically said to date back to \"Psychomachia,\" an epic poem written in the fifth century.", "chunked_long_answer": "Patience is a virtue is a proverbial phrase referring to one of the seven heavenly virtues typically said to date back to \"Psychomachia,\" an epic poem written in the fifth century.", "short_answers": [ "\"Psychomachia,\"" ] }

[ "Elizabeth Mitchell" ]

[ { "title": "Rocky Road (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to tell the truth but it fails, as he knows nothing about Elsa or Anna, and wishes them the best of luck finding her. At the same time, Robin Hood (Sean Maguire), Marian, and Roland visit \"Any Given Sundae,\" where the Snow Queen (Elizabeth Mitchell) serves them ice cream, but unknown to them she casts a spell on the ice cream cone that she gave Marian. Afterwards, the family joins the other residents at the Mayor's office, as Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), who is still trying to balance both maternal and mayoral duties, is holding the first annual “Mayor’s Fireside", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Elsa (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "is somehow responsible for Elsa's trapping in her urn, a woman with similar powers to Elsa. They soon discover that the Snow Queen is Elsa's aunt, Ingrid, who was forgotten from Arendelle when Elsa's mother, Gerda, used the power of the troll king to erase everyones memory of her, not wishing for the world to remember how Ingrid accidentally killed their third sister, Helga. Ingrid soon discovered a prophecy that stated she would one day have the love of her sisters again. With Ingrid's sisters dead however, she believed she would be forced to create new sisters. For this, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458106", "score": "1.1369565", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rocky Road (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to the palace to get to know Elsa, and reveals to her that she is her aunt after she looks at a portrait of Elsa's parents. She also tells Elsa about finding others like them who may have met the same fate as her. Elsa has literally frozen Storybrooke, and hopes to find her sister, Anna (Elizabeth Lail). She accompanies Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) to try to break down the wall of ice she created around Storybrooke, but her powers aren't strong enough to melt the barrier. The two, along with Hook, pay Gold a visit and to find out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18322639", "score": "1.1186587", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Elsa (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Elsa (Once Upon a Time) Elsa appears as a recurring character in the fourth season of the television series \"Once Upon a Time\", where she is portrayed by Georgina Haig. Elsa is loosely based on a character of the same name from the \"Frozen\" franchise. At the end of the show's third season finale, \"There's No Place Like Home\", Emma Swan (Snow White and Prince Charming's daughter) and Captain Hook accidentally bring back an urn from Rumplestiltskin's vault after their excursion into the past. The urn releases a blue liquid that coalesces into Elsa. She takes off her glove and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458103", "score": "1.1157057", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Elsa (Frozen)", "text": "Elsa has become very popular in the cosplaying community. Cosplayer Anna Faith is well known for cosplaying as Elsa at charities, comic-cons, and other events. Queen Elsa appears at the conclusion of the ABC fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\"'s third season, released from an urn in which she had been sealed. She walks into Storybrooke searching for Anna. In the fourth season, she forges an ice wall that seals the town in and learns she has an aunt she was never told about named Ingrid who has the same ice powers as her. She is a proponent of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17719049", "score": "1.054713", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Family Business (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "back home and Elsa asks what she found out about their parents, but Anna lies and says she found nothing. Anna then notices Elsa isn't making snowflakes and she tells her sister that she’s learning how to get her magic under control. Elsa then introduces the Snow Queen to Anna as their aunt Ingrid, but Anna says their mother never mentioned having a sister. Ingrid explains she had been trapped in a magical urn by people who don’t understand her, and demonstrates her magic as proof. Unconvinced, Anna tells Kristoff that she does not trust the Snow Queen, since there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18373794", "score": "1.0441748", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 4)", "text": "fellow cast members Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan, Josh Dallas as Prince Charming / David Nolan, Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Killian \"Hook\" Jones and Jared S. Gilmore as Henry Mills, Lana Parrilla as the Evil Queen / Regina Mills and Emilie de Ravin as Belle. De Ravin also confirmed Robert Carlyle's return as Rumpelstiltskin / Mr. Gold, through a photo on her Instagram. On July 1, 2014, it was announced that Scott Michael Foster had been cast as \"Frozen\" character Kristoff and Elizabeth Lail as Anna. The following day, it was announced Georgina Haig had been cast as Elsa. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999482", "score": "1.0355477", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Elsa (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Arendelle, Elsa shrunk and trapped him and the Jolly Roger inside a bottle, unknowingly trapping Ariel inside as well. With the introduction of \"Frozen\" characters, the season 4 of \"Once Upon a Time\" saw a 31-percent increase in ratings from the autumn of 2013 (9.3 million viewers), marking its best ratings in almost two years. Elsa (Once Upon a Time) Elsa appears as a recurring character in the fourth season of the television series \"Once Upon a Time\", where she is portrayed by Georgina Haig. Elsa is loosely based on a character of the same name from the \"Frozen\" franchise.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458111", "score": "1.0338408", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 4)", "text": "for the sixth episode, although appearances later on in the season were also hinted. A new character, Lily, has been cast to Nicole Muñoz, while Sally Pressman was given the role of Helga. It was announced on November 5, 2014 that Victoria Smurfit would be portraying Cruella de Vil in a recurring capacity later on in the season and that hints will be placed in the next few episodes. Another Disney villain was also cast in the form of Ursula from The Little Mermaid who was portrayed by Merrin Dungey, the character portrayed is named after the original sea-goddess who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999485", "score": "1.0236537", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ginnifer Goodwin", "text": "in film. Goodwin played Gigi in \"He's Just Not That into You\", which was released in February 2009. For this role, she received a nomination for the People's Choice Award for Breakout Movie Actress. In April 2009 she began filming \"Ramona and Beezus\" (playing \"Aunt Bea\"). From 2011 to 2017, Goodwin played a leading role in the ABC fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\". She played both the fairy tale heroine Snow White and her real world counterpart, schoolteacher Mary Margaret Blanchard. Goodwin and husband Josh Dallas exited the show at the end of its sixth season to move", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6769042", "score": "1.0209677", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Elsa (Frozen)", "text": "Elsa (Frozen) Queen Elsa of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film \"Frozen\". She is voiced primarily by Broadway actress and singer Idina Menzel. At the beginning of the film, she is voiced by Eva Bella as a young child and by Spencer Lacey Ganus as a teenager. Created by directors Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee, Elsa is loosely based on the title character of \"The Snow Queen\", a Danish fairytale by Hans Christian Andersen. In the Disney film adaptation, she is introduced as the princess of the fictional Scandinavian kingdom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17718994", "score": "1.0194392", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Elsa (Frozen)", "text": "Bella and Spencer Lacey Ganus were cast to portray Elsa as a young child and as a teenager, respectively. Actress and singer Megan Mullally was originally cast to voice an adult Elsa. but was replaced by Idina Menzel, a Broadway actress and singer best known for performing as Elphaba in \"Wicked\". Menzel already knew Kristen Bell, who voiced Anna, and had previously auditioned for a lead role in the 2010 Disney film \"Tangled\". She was not cast for the part, but the casting director recorded her singing and later showed the recording to \"Frozen\"s film executives. Menzel was surprised when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17719002", "score": "1.01839", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Elsa (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "voyage. In the present, Elsa is frightened by her sudden exposure into the town of modern-day Storybrooke and re-conjures Marshmallow for protection. Marshmallow is defeated by Regina Mills (the Evil Queen), while Elsa discovers a necklace she gave long ago to Anna in Mr. Gold's (Rumplestiltskin's) shop, leaving her resolved to learn what happened to her sister. As the season progresses, Elsa befriends series protagonist Emma Swan, Emma and the series' central cast resolving the help Elsa find Anna. The group eventually discovers that a figure named the Snow Queen (a more faithful adaptation of the original fairy tale's character)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458105", "score": "1.0174778", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Disney Princess", "text": "star Ariel Winter. In the 2014 film \"Maleficent\", Aurora is played by Elle Fanning. Lily James portrays Cinderella in the 2015 film of the same name. Emma Watson is seen as Belle in the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". Naomi Scott is set to star as Jasmine in the 2019 film \"Aladdin\". Liu Yifei will appear as Mulan in the 2020 film of the same name. The Princesses, along with Anna, Elsa and Moana, all make guest appearances in the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". This film marks the first direct interaction between the characters in an animated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7239603", "score": "1.0098155", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Karen David", "text": "in Palos Verdes, California. Karen David Karen Shenaz David (born 15 April 1979 or 1980) is an Indo-Canadian actress, singer and songwriter, who is best known for portraying Princess Isabella Maria Lucia Elizabetta of Valencia in ABC's fairytale-themed musical-comedy television series, \"Galavant\", as well as Francesca \"Cesca\" Montoya in the BBC television series \"Waterloo Road\", and Layla in the American action film \"\". She starred as Angela in the ITV television series \"Cold Feet\" and plays Princess Jasmine (from \"Aladdin\") in the American television series \"Once Upon a Time\". David also starred in \"Pixelface\", a CBBC children's television series, where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11809096", "score": "1.001991", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "White Out (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Swan and Georgina Haig's \"Frozen\" character Elsa. Haig said \"Elsa is very confused and makes friends with Emma. They bond over the fact that they both can't control their magic. But she's still dealing with a lot of the problems that she was dealing with in \"Frozen\". She can't control her powers and ends up hurting people without meaning to.\" A preview featured a scene in which Elsa and Emma are trapped in a closed off ice cave. The producers planned to film the scene in a meat locker in order to capture the characters' breath on screen; however, according", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18307474", "score": "1.001889", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Elsa (Frozen)", "text": "Emma Swan and Killian Jones' then-budding relationship. She is portrayed by Georgina Haig. Caissie Levy originated the role of Elsa in the Broadway musical, which opened in March 2018. Elsa and Anna together with the Disney Princesses and Moana appear in the film. In one scene, Vanellope Von Schweetz accidentally breaks into the Princess room, where Elsa and other princesses gather together. After a panic, they surround Vanellope and ask why she's here. After learning Vanellope's a princess, Elsa asks \"(Do you have) Magic hands?\" while conjuring ice in her hands in front of her. The character of Elsa was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17719050", "score": "0.9953141", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Anna (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Anna (Once Upon a Time) Anna is a fictional character that appears in the fourth season of \"Once Upon a Time\", with actress Elizabeth Lail portraying the character. Anna is loosely based on the character with the same name from the 2013 animated film \"Frozen. Following the events of the film \"Frozen\", Anna is preparing to wed Kristoff when Elsa finds a diary from their mother stating their real reason for their parents' fatal trip. Determined to seek answers, Anna postpones her wedding and travels to the Enchanted Forest (known as Misthaven in Arendelle). Anna meets David, a friend of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458263", "score": "0.9928853", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Elisabeth Moss", "text": "in the animated film \"Once Upon a Forest\" (1993). She appeared in the television remake of the 1993 film \"Gypsy\" and played Harvey Keitel's younger daughter in the film \"Imaginary Crimes\" (1994). The following year, she appeared in the remake of the Walt Disney Pictures film \"Escape to Witch Mountain\" (1995) and played a young Ashley Judd in the TV-movie biopic \"Love Can Build A Bridge\" (1995). She also had a supporting role in the drama \"Separate Lives\" (1995) opposite Jim Belushi and Linda Hamilton, and a minor part in the black comedy \"The Last Supper\" (1995). Moss also again", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6385824", "score": "0.9857957", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Snow White (Disney character)", "text": "Princesses, appeared in the film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". In the ABC television series \"Once Upon a Time\", an alternative version of Snow White is the daughter of King Leopold and Queen Eva and later stepdaughter of the Evil Queen (Regina Mills). She is the true love of Prince Charming, mother of Emma Swan and Prince Neal, and grandmother of Emma's son Henry. In Storybrooke, she appears as Mary Margaret Blanchard, Henry Mills' teacher at Storybrooke Elementary School. Critical reception towards the character of Snow White has been polarized. \"TV Guide \"described Snow White as iconic, unique and incomparable, writing,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12590117", "score": "0.9852209", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mary Margaret Blanchard", "text": "Mary Margaret Blanchard Snow White, formerly known as Mary Margaret Blanchard in Storybrooke, is a fictional character in ABC's television series \"Once Upon a Time\". She is portrayed by Ginnifer Goodwin and by Bailee Madison as a child. She is the true love of Prince Charming/David Nolan, mother of Emma Swan and Neal Nolan, and grandmother of Emma's children, Henry and Hope. The character has been one of Goodwin's most well received roles, one she has said she loves playing on the show. Before accepting the role, Goodwin stated in interviews that she'd always wanted to play Snow White and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17610139", "score": "0.9849849", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Aunt Em", "text": "was voiced by Frances Conroy in the direct-to-video animated film \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\". Conroy also voiced Glinda. Aunt Em appears in the \"Once Upon a Time\" episode \"Ruby Slippers\" portrayed by Gina Stockdale. Her being the aunt of Dorothy Gale is still intact with this show, but in this version, she, along with Dorothy, is from a fictional version Kansas and not from Earth (dubbed the Land Without Magic in the show). After Dorothy returns from her trip to Oz, Dorothy tells her family about her trip. While the rest of the family refuses to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6342890", "score": "0.98434687", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rocky Road (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Rocky Road (Once Upon a Time) \"Rocky Road\" is the third episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired on October 12, 2014. In this episode, Elsa is framed, while flashbacks show Elsa meeting her aunt, The Snow Queen. This episode marks the introduction of Michael Socha as Will Scarlet to the main cast, who recently featured in the spin-off series \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\". The Snow Queen's ice cream shop, \"Any Given Sundae\", is shown in the forest. The Arendelle events take place after \"A Tale of Two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18322635", "score": "0.9821359", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Miranda Richardson", "text": "\"A Dance to the Music of Time\" (1997), Miss Gilchrist in \"St. Ives\" (1998), Bettina the interior decorator in \"Absolutely Fabulous\", Queen Elspeth, Snow White's stepmother, in \"\" (2001), and Queen Mary in \"The Lost Prince\" (2003). Richardson has appeared in a number of high-profile supporting roles in film, including Vanessa Bell in \"The Hours\", Lady Van Tassel in \"Sleepy Hollow\" and Patsy Carpenter in \"The Evening Star\". She also won acclaim for her performances in \"The Crying Game\" and \"Enchanted April\", for which she won a Golden Globe. She received Academy Award nominations for her performances in \"Damage\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "269230", "score": "0.9789107", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Snow Queen (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "goes to the Grand Pabbie and asks him to make a potion that will cause the residents of Arendelle to forget Ingrid and Helga ever existed in order to protect the future of the kingdom. He warns her that magic comes at a price but agrees to make the memory potion. The Snow Queen/ Ingrid has set up shop in the clock tower, and conjures up her mirror for her latest plot. At the sheriff's station, Emma Swan tests out a spell with Elsa that they can use on Ingrid. Emma later visits a \"Mommy & Me\" class to see", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18393161", "score": "0.97834015", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Idina Menzel", "text": "Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Menzel herself won a Grammy Award for the film's soundtrack. She is also featured in the song \"For the First Time in Forever\" and its reprise. She has since reprised her role of Elsa in most of her appearances including video games such as the \"Disney Infinity\" series and \"Kingdom Hearts III\", the 2015 short film \"Frozen Fever\", the 2017 featurette short film \"Olaf's Frozen Adventure\", the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\", and will reprise it again for \"Frozen 2\". Menzel was invited to perform \"Let It Go\" at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3401217", "score": "0.9761261", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 5)", "text": "where she came from, but post-movie is where our \"Once Upon a Time\" spin comes into play\". On September 8, Meghan Ory was confirmed to be returning for multiple episodes of the season as Little Red Riding Hood / Ruby, while on September 15, Horowitz revealed that Jamie Chung would be returning as Mulan. Both Chung and Ory will first appear in the season's two-parter on November 15, 2015. The premiere episode of the season, \"The Dark Swan\", saw the return of David-Paul Grove as Doc, Faustine Di Bauda as Sleepy, Jeffrey Kaiser as Dopey, Michael Coleman as Happy, Mig", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18830986", "score": "0.97601163", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Maleficent (film)", "text": "to take the title role: \"She seemed like the only person who could play the part. There was no point in making the movie if it wasn't her.\" In March 2012, Elle Fanning was reported to be in talks for the role of Princess Aurora, the Sleeping Beauty. Her casting was officially announced in May 2012, along with Sharlto Copley as the male lead, King Stefan, Princess Aurora's father, then described as the half-human, half-fairy son of a human king, along with Imelda Staunton; Miranda Richardson as Queen Ulla, then described as a fairy queen who is Maleficent's aunt with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16582704", "score": "0.9755575", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 4)", "text": "Nolan, is portrayed by eight different babies, adding: \"I used to be like, 'babies look like babies.' And now that I have a baby, I'm like, how does the audience not notice that in every shot, this is a different kid?\" The season's first episode, \"A Tale of Two Sisters\" saw the return of Jason Burkart as Little John, who reprised his role in the sixth episode, and Raphael Alejandro as Roland who reprised the role in the third and sixth episodes, and introduced Pascale Hutton as the Queen of Arendelle, Anna and Elsa's mother, who reappeared in the seventh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999487", "score": "0.9739568", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 5)", "text": "returning as a series regular as Will Scarlet / Knave of Hearts although further appearances as a recurring or guest star were hinted. Adam Horowitz confirmed via Twitter that Emilie de Ravin would return as Belle, while Vine Report confirmed the return of Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan. On June 26, 2015, Josh Dallas confirmed his return as Prince Charming / David Nolan and Horowitz confirmed that there would be ten series regulars for the season. During Comic-Con 2015, Ginnifer Goodwin, Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue and Robert Carlyle were confirmed to return as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard, Evil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18830983", "score": "0.9697629", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Rocky Road (Once Upon a Time)", "long_answer": "Elsa has literally frozen Storybrooke, and hopes to find her sister, Anna (Elizabeth Lail). She accompanies Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) to try to break down the wall of ice she created around Storybrooke, but her powers aren't strong enough to melt the barrier. The two, along with Hook, pay Gold a visit and to find out if he has known Anna based on the necklace Elsa found in his pawn shop. Belle uses the fake dagger to “command” Gold to tell the truth but it fails, as he knows nothing about Elsa or Anna, and wishes them the best of luck finding her. At the same time, Robin Hood (Sean Maguire), Marian, and Roland visit \"Any Given Sundae,\" where the Snow Queen (Elizabeth Mitchell) serves them ice cream, but unknown to them she casts a spell on the ice cream cone that she gave Marian. Afterwards, the family joins the other residents at the Mayor's office, as Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), who is still trying to balance both maternal and mayoral duties, is holding the first annual “Mayor’s Fireside Chat,” where she assures the citizens that they are no longer afraid of Regina's influence, but it appears that they want Mary Margaret to do something about the town’s snowy fiasco. Mary Margaret then tells the residents about Elsa's presence in Storybrooke and is trying to reassure everyone that she is not dangerous, only to have Marian beginning to start feeling as if something was glossing over her and she passes out. Elsa's presence has also resulted in her becoming a prime suspect, and with her heart slowly freezing, a cure must be found before Marian's heart completely freezes and kills her. The Storybrooke residents blame Elsa, who is being framed by the Snow Queen for the icy cold mayhem. With the entire town ready to go after their newest addition, Emma (who starts to question her abilities as \"The Savior\") and Hook decide to hide Elsa at the sheriff's office while she and David search for the real suspect.", "chunked_long_answer": "to tell the truth but it fails, as he knows nothing about Elsa or Anna, and wishes them the best of luck finding her. At the same time, Robin Hood (Sean Maguire), Marian, and Roland visit \"Any Given Sundae,\" where the Snow Queen (Elizabeth Mitchell) serves them ice cream, but unknown to them she casts a spell on the ice cream cone that she gave Marian. Afterwards, the family joins the other residents at the Mayor's office, as Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), who is still trying to balance both maternal and mayoral duties, is holding the first annual “Mayor’s Fireside", "short_answers": [ "Elizabeth Mitchell" ] }

[ "Dhaka, Bangladesh", "Lucknow" ]

[ { "title": "All-India Muslim League", "text": "The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference; that was later, scheduled to be held at Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lucknow meeting and later in Simla; the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December, until 30 December 1906. that was headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference); in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah Bar at Law Lucknow and Syed Zahur Ahmad an eminent lawyer and several others. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mian Muhammad Shafi", "text": "that was held on 30 December 1906 on the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, at the Ahsan Manzil Palace, Shahbagh, Dhaka that was hosted by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah (1871 – 1915). The meeting was attended by three thousand delegates and presided over by Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk. The others founding members were Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Syed Ameer Ali, and Mualana Mohammad Ali Jouhar. Mian Muhammad Shafi organized a Muslim Association in early 1906, but when the All-India Muslim League was formed, he established its powerful branch in the Punjab of which he became the General Secretary. This branch,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7624764", "score": "1.2917618", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Punjab Muslim League", "text": "Punjab Muslim League When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh. Ghulam Sadiq. Earlier Mian Muhammad Shafi organised a Muslim Association in early 1906, but when the All-India Muslim League was formed, he established its powerful branch in the Punjab of which he became the general secretary. Shah Din was elected as its first President. This branch, organised in November 1907,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14596481", "score": "1.2448953", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "All India Muhammadan Educational Conference", "text": "political session of the conference took place. It was chaired by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk. In this session a motion to form an All India Muslim League (AIML) was proceeded. Initially a party styled as \"All India Muslim Confederacy\" was discussed. But, in the process the name \"All India Muslim League\", proposed by Nawab Khawaja Sir Salimullah Bahadur and seconded by Hakim Ajmal Khan, was resolved in the meeting. All delegates were registered as members of the proposed party led by Janab Muhsin-ul-mulk and Janab Wakar-ul-mulk was Joint Conveners. AIML was first Muslim political party in the history of India. From the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8938492", "score": "1.2304496", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "All-India Muslim League", "text": "1906, with the participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all-Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of the Educational Conference, which was scheduled to be held in Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2778822", "score": "1.22625", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pakistan Muslim League", "text": "held in Karachi on 14 and 15 December upon invitation sent by the party's convener Liaquat Ali Khan, who had taken over as the first prime minister. The council decided to establish two organisations of the AIML. Its nomenclature in India was to remain the same while it was Muslim League for the new state. Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, who had been the AIML-nominated prime minister of Bengal in 1937 and held the same office after 1946 elections, did not agree to 'Muslim League' as the name of AIML in Pakistan. He pleaded the word \"Muslim\" had lost its efficacy after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2442779", "score": "1.2146497", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Syed Khalil-ur-Rehman", "text": "Table Conference’ was being held there. Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam), Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Mahatma Gandhi and other prominent leaders of South Asia were present on the occasion. Syed Khalil-ur-Rehman was very impressed with Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar. From there on, he became inclined towards politics. He met Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar many times and they became close friends. He participated actively in the All India Muslim League session held in Abbotabad in 1938. He was member of the Pakistan Resolution Committee and organiser of the All India Muslim League session held in Minto Park (Minar-e-Pakistan, Lahore in April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18493221", "score": "1.2124124", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "All India Muhammadan Educational Conference", "text": "taken for the progress of education. The principal aims of the Conference were: After the Congress sponsored agitation against the partition of Bengal (1905) an All India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Shahbag in Dhaka, capital of the then East Bengal and Assam Province in the year 1906. The conference was sponsored by Nawab Khwaja Salimullah the Nawab of Dhaka. The conference was inaugurated on 27 December 1906 and continued till 29 December 1906 as Conference on Education. The inaugural session was chaired by Nawab Justice Sharfuddin, the newly appointed justice of Calcutta High Court. On 30 December 1906", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8938491", "score": "1.2104638", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Lahore Resolution", "text": "their common motherland. The session was held on March 22-24, 1940, at Iqbal Park, Lahore. The welcome address was made by Sir Shah Nawaz Khan of Mamdot, as the chairman of the local reception committee. The various draft texts for the final resolution/draft were deliberated over by the Special Working Committee of the All India Muslim League The resolution text, unanimously approved by the Subject Committee, accepted the concept of a united homeland for Muslims and recommended the creation of an independent Muslim state. The resolution was moved in the general session by A. K. Fazlul Huq, the chief minister", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5653144", "score": "1.2086895", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Liaquat Ali Khan", "text": "\"Dawn\". The Pakistan Resolution was adopted in 1940 at the Lahore session of the Muslim League. The same year elections were held for the central legislative assembly which were contested by Khan from the Barielly constituency. He was elected without contest. When the twenty-eighth session of the League met in Madras (now Chennai) on 12 April 1941, Jinnah told party members that the ultimate aim was to obtain Pakistan. In this session, Khan moved a resolution incorporating the objectives of the Pakistan Resolution in the aims and objectives of the Muslim League. The resolution was seconded and passed unanimously. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2623406", "score": "1.208533", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Noakhali riots", "text": "SP on 22 March prohibiting meetings in public places, processions and slogans. However, meetings could be held in private places like madrasas and mosques. Rehan Ali, the Officer-in-Charge of the Ramganj police station, said that the meeting would be held at the Amtali ground, which was a private place as it was adjacent to a mosque, and therefore the government order would not be violated. The Muslim League leadership resolved to hold the meeting at any cost. Muslim League leaders Mohammad Ershad and Mujibur Rahman enlisted minister Abdul Gofran as one of the speakers at the meeting. On 23 March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12063703", "score": "1.2071166", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi", "text": "session that if the Muslim League were to continue its operations in a hard working manner and according to the constitution, it would undoubtedly become a formidable political force. In the 1908 session at Aligarh he was selected as a member of the central committee, and in the same year was appointed Diwan for the state of Mangrol, a title he held until 1916. From 1924 to 1927 he served as a member of the Bombay Legislative Council, sitting as the minister for excise, forests and registration. In 1927, he was re-elected into the Bombay Legislative Council as President. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13894553", "score": "1.19897", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jinnah (film)", "text": "Congress. He went back to British India from the UK in order to start political journey of the two-nation theory. In 1940, the Muslim League annual conference is held from 22 to 24 March. Jinnah addresses thousands of Muslims and gives them the assurance of the birth of Pakistan. Guide questions Jinnah as to who he loves the most apart from Ruttie and Fatima. He then remembers his daughter, who married a Parsi boy without his permission. While he was addressing a Muslim League conference in 1947, rebel Indian Muslims who were not in the favour of Pakistan attack the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6770654", "score": "1.1927917", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of Pakistan", "text": "movement also stirred Muslim's concerns about their faith. Eventually, the Muslims feared that the Hindu majority would seek to suppress the rights of Muslims in the region following the departure of the British. The All-India Muslim League was founded by Shaiiq-e-Mustafa in 30 December 1906, in the aftermath of division of Bengal, on the sidelines of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in Shahbagh, Dhaka East Bengal. The meeting was attended by three thousand delegates and presided over by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk. It addressed the issue of safeguarding interests of Muslims and finalised a programme. A resolution, moved by Nawab", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "314115", "score": "1.1918775", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Noor-ud-din Qureshi", "text": "Ram Mandir scheme. Under his leadership, a big procession was held, and finally Ram Mandir scheme came to an end. In 1937, he founded All India Muslim League in Hazara District. He invited all leading members of All India Muslim League including Maulana Shaukat Ali (Ali bradaran), Maulana Abdul Hameed Badauni, Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung, Pir Maanki Sharif, Sardar Aurangzeb, for a meeting which was held at his home. Other leaders attending this meeting included Qazi Essa, Nawab Mohd Ismail, Bakht Jamal Khan, Agha syed Lal Badshah, etc. After this meeting a successful Muslim Conference was held in Abbottabad and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13648660", "score": "1.1916045", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ziauddin Ahmad", "text": "Muslim Kamboh Conference held at Marehra (District Etha UP) on 21 and 22 April 1935 in Marison Islamia School. In 1924 he was elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Muslim Constituency of Mainpuri, Etah and Farrukhabad. He was elected a Member of the Central Assembly in 1930. He was repeatedly elected from different constituencies and served in the Central Legislature until 1947. In 1946, he was the chief whip of the Muslim League in the Central Assembly. He was knighted in the 1938 New Year Honours list. He sponsored the Indian Foreign Relations Act in Parliament. Ahmad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7323148", "score": "1.1900921", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chaudhry Naseer Ahmad Malhi", "text": "the University of the Punjab, Lahore. Malhi commenced his political career with the Congress Party. After attending the 1940 Lahore Conference held by the All India Muslim League, he recognised the immense potential that the Muslim League had for representing the Muslims of India. He joined the Muslim League's Sialkot chapter and rapidly ascended to become its president. In 1943 Malhi met Muhammad Ali Jinnah at Jinnah House on Malabar Hill, Bombay. It was on Malhi's advice that what became the historic Sialkot Convention was planned for Punjab. Held in Sialkot city in May 1944, this convention was attended by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9344702", "score": "1.1877271", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lahore Resolution", "text": "Muslim League Conference held its first session in Karachi in October 1938, adopted a resolution which recommended to the All India Muslim League to devise a scheme of constitution under which Muslims may attain full independence. The premiers of other Muslim majority provinces, e.g. A. K. Fazal-ul-Haque (Bengal) and Sir Sikander Hayat Khan (Punjab), who were not in the Muslim League, also were quite convinced in favor of separation. The idea was more vividly expressed by M. A. Jinnah in an article in the London weekly \"Time & Tide\" on 9 March 1940. Jinnah wrote: Democratic systems based on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5653140", "score": "1.1876153", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rahil Begum Sherwani", "text": "League and called the first meeting of 9 leading Muslim Politicians including Nawab Moosa Khan, father of Raheel Begum, the said meeting was held in new constructed house of Quaid-e-Azam situated at Mount Pleasant Road Bombay, when Raheel Begum along with her late father arrived there, after introduction from Quaid-e-Azam she was allowed participate in the meeting because there was no representation from Muslim women in the said meeting, hence it is completed on the participation of daughter of Nawab Sahib. Raheel Begum Sharwania was the permanent member of All India Muslim League Council but Quaid-e-Azam also selected as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10477065", "score": "1.1806324", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Khwaja Salimullah", "text": "All India Mohammedan Educational Conference at his own cost. Over two thousand people covering Muslim leaders from all over India gathered at the Nawab's family garden-house in Shahbag, Dhaka for the conference held between 27 and 30 December 1906. On the last day, the assembly formed the All India Muslim League, appointing Nawab Salimullah the Vice President and placing him on a committee to craft its constitution. Two years later, in December 1908, Salimullah would speak out for free speech in educational institutes and also rights for Muslims to separate elections. Throughout these years, Salimullah held positions of authority in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8980095", "score": "1.1800585", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Yusuf Ali Chowdhury", "text": "of the Pakistan movement and All-India Muslim League. In 1937 he was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly. From 1941 to 1953 he served as the President of the Faridpur district unit of Muslim League. From 1941 to 1947 he was part of the Bengal Muslim League working committee. From 1952 to 1947 he served as the General Secretary of the East Bengal Muslim League. He was expelled from the league and joined the Krishak Sramik Party. In 1950 he was elected to the Pakistan Constituent Assembly. In 1954 he was elected to the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly. He served", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11904610", "score": "1.1799673", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Khwaja Yusuf Jan", "text": "In 1905, he attended a meeting in Northbrook Hall led by Nawab Salimullah in University of Dhaka, where the Mohammedan Association was transformed into the \"Mohammedan Provincial Union\". He was made the secretary of the union. From 1901 to 1905 he was the vice chairman of Dhaka Municipality and from 1905 to 1916 he served as the chairman of Dhaka Municipality. On 16 October 1910, he presided over the meeting of the Muslim League in Bengal. He supported the partition of Bengal. In 1913, a market in Naya Bazar was named after him. He was the chairman of the district", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20333646", "score": "1.1781752", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi", "text": "of India, and served as the Secretary of Education of the All India Muslim League. He presided over the 10th Residency Presidential Educational Conference. Dehlavi started his political career participating in the 1906 session of the All India Muslim League, and in December 1906 was included in the divisional committee of the Muslim League. He also had ties with Muhammad Ali Jinnah which were according to some scholars, later disturbed near the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. In 1907 he served as one of the chief organisers of the All India Muslim League meeting in Karachi. He stated in that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13894552", "score": "1.1744969", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Raja Sahib of Mahmudabad", "text": "same year 1937, he founded All India Muslim Students Federation, which later mobilized into a strong vocal support for Pakistan Movement. However, he was against the independence of Pakistan in 1947. When the Muslim League passed the resolution at Lahore in 1940 for a separate Pakistan, he stood against it and formed All-India Jamhur Muslim League in 1940 to counter the move. The first session of this party was held at Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Raja Saheb was elected its President and Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi as General Secretary. Later on, he changed his mind under the influence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17821482", "score": "1.1741762", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Pakistan Muslim League", "text": "independence and the organisation might be named as Pakistan League. Moreover, he claimed that Muslim League's objective of Muslim Nationalism was unrealistic and instead Pakistani Nationalism should be focused on. Suhrawardy's suggestion was not accepted, thus, he parted ways with the party to found the Awami League in 1949. This was to serve the first shock to the country's political structure. The first party convention of Muslim League held in Karachi in February 1948, elected Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman as the chief organiser and elected a new PML Council. Khaliquzzaman appointed provincial organising committees. The first meeting of the new party council,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2442780", "score": "1.1726975", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Bengal Provincial Muslim League", "text": "was the birthplace of the Muslim League in 1906. The League was created as a response to the growth of Hindu nationalist movements in India, particularly in Bengal after the 1905 partition. It was formed at the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, which was aimed at promoting liberal education among Indian Muslims. In 1912, the British government annulled the partition. The annulment was not well-received among many in the Muslim population. The founders of the BPML were Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah, Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury, Zahid Suhrawardy, Abul Kashem, Wahid Hossain and Abdur Rasul. Many members were concurrently members of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20261414", "score": "1.1711526", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Rahil Begum Sherwani", "text": "called the first meeting of 9 leading Muslim Politicians including Nawab Moosa Khan, father of Raheel Begum, the said meeting was held in new constructed house of Quaid-e-Azam situated at Mount Pleasant Road Bombay, when Raheel Begum along with her late father arrived there, after introduction from Quaid-e-Azam she was allowed participate in the meeting because there was no representation from Muslim women in the said meeting, hence it is completed on the participation of daughter of Nawab Sahib. Raheel Begum Sharwania was the permanent member of All India Muslim League Council but Quaid-e-Azam also selected as the member of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10477042", "score": "1.1694996", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Bengal Provincial Muslim League", "text": "Bengal Provincial Muslim League The Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) was the branch of the All India Muslim League in the British Indian province of Bengal. It was established in Dacca on 2 March 1912. Its official language was Bengali. The party played an important role in the Bengal Legislative Council and in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, where two of the Prime Ministers of Bengal were from the party. It was vital to the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan, particularly after its election victory in 1946. In 1929, a faction of the party broke away as the Praja Party.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20261412", "score": "1.165645", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Bengal Provincial Muslim League", "text": "account. Suhrawardy also faced bitterness to his plans from Nazimuddin and could not count the on cooperation of Nazimuddin's ally Jinnah. Bengal Provincial Muslim League The Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) was the branch of the All India Muslim League in the British Indian province of Bengal. It was established in Dacca on 2 March 1912. Its official language was Bengali. The party played an important role in the Bengal Legislative Council and in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, where two of the Prime Ministers of Bengal were from the party. It was vital to the creation of the Dominion of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20261418", "score": "1.1651098", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi", "text": "League session which he was participated on 22–24 March 1940. During the Pakistan Movement, Hazarvi was among the scholars who sided with Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League, on the platform of \"All India Sunni Conference″ held at Banaras in 1946. When Pakistan movement began for the independence of India, the Indian National Congress was supported by many Muslim scholars, leaders and the learned who were devotees of Indian nationality and stood side by side with the Hindu leaders. Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi announced his assistance and loyalty to Qa’id A‘zam in the struggle to acquire Pakistan. After the passage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17790313", "score": "1.1637049", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "All-India Muslim League", "long_answer": "The formation of a Subhan political party on national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference; that was later, scheduled to be held at Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lucknow meeting and later in Simla; the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December, until 30 December 1906. that was headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference); in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah Bar at Law Lucknow and Syed Zahur Ahmad an eminent lawyer and several others. The political party was established at the end of the conference. The Founding meeting was hosted by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah and attended by three thousand delegates, while Ameer Ali, Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi were also the founding fathers who attended this meeting. The name \"All-India Muslim League\" was proposed by Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi. Sir Agha Khan III was appointed its first president. Fifty eight delegates from all over the Subcontinent were the founding members of League. The League's constitution was framed in 1907 in Karachi. In 1910, Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda selected as the president of the party.", "chunked_long_answer": "The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference; that was later, scheduled to be held at Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lucknow meeting and later in Simla; the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December, until 30 December 1906. that was headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference); in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah Bar at Law Lucknow and Syed Zahur Ahmad an eminent lawyer and several others. ", "short_answers": [ "Lucknow" ] }

[ "Saphira" ]

[ { "title": "Eragon", "text": "he attempts to use it as payment to a butcher. A dragon he later names Saphira hatches from the stone, which was really an egg. When the evil King Galbatorix finds out the general location of the egg he sends the Ra'zac to acquire it. By that time Saphira had been growing for a while and takes Eragon to the Spine after Ra'zac appear in their village Carvahall. Eragon and Saphira are forced to flee from their hometown, with a storyteller called Brom, and decide to search for the Varden, a group of rebels who want the downfall of Galbatorix.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Eragon", "text": "other Rider a hundred years ago. On the journey, Brom teaches Eragon sword fighting, magic, the ancient elvish language, and the ways of the Dragon Riders. Their travels bring them to the city of Teirm, where they meet with Brom's friend Jeod. Eragon's fortune is told by the witch Angela, and her companion, the werecat Solembum, gives Eragon some mysterious advice. With Jeod's help, they are able to track the Ra'zac to the southern city of Dras-Leona. Although they manage to infiltrate the city, Eragon encounters the Ra'zac in a cathedral and he and Brom are forced to flee. Later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3011534", "score": "1.0138747", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Inheritance (Paolini novel)", "text": "of Queen Islanzadí, her mother, in battle, and is chosen. She takes with her the rescued green dragon egg, which soon hatches for her. Thus, Arya becomes a Rider with her dragon named Fírnen. Eragon reworks and rephrases the magic of the original pact between Riders and dragons to include both dwarves and Urgals, allowing the dragon eggs to hatch for members of their races. Eragon, coming to the decision that there is no safe place to raise the dragons and train new Riders in Alagaësia, begins planning to sail away with the Eldunarí and the eggs to a region", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11113159", "score": "1.0127963", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Inheritance Cycle", "text": "between elves and dragons to include both dwarves and Urgals, allowing the dragon eggs to hatch for members of their races. Eragon, coming to the conclusion that there is no safe place to raise the dragons and train new Riders in Alagaësia, begins planning transport of the Eldunarí and the eggs to a region far from Alagaësia, save for two eggs which are kept in Alagaësia: one is to be sent to the dwarves, and the other to the Urgals. Those future Riders will travel to Eragon's new home for training, while new eggs will be sent back to Alagaësia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18419742", "score": "1.0006269", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Eragon (film)", "text": "the planned franchise was cancelled. Arya, elf princess of Ellesméra, flees with a strange stone, pursued by Durza, a dark sorcerer under king Galbatorix. When Durza corners Arya, she uses magic to send the stone away. Eragon, a farm boy living in the country of Alagaësia with his uncle, is hunting for food when he witnesses the stone appearing. Hoping to trade it for food, Eragon brings the stone home, and finds a blue dragon hatching from it. As he touches the dragon, a magical mark is burned into his palm. A few people are shown reacting to this incident,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4680589", "score": "0.985589", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Eragon", "text": "of three elves. After he and the urgals kill the other elves, Durza attempts to steal an egg carried by one of the female elves, but is foiled when she causes it to vanish. Infuriated, he renders her unconscious with a ball of fire and abducts her. Eragon is a fifteen-year-old boy who has lived with his uncle Garrow and cousin Roran on a farm near the village of Carvahall, ever since his mother Selena, Garrow's sister, left him there right after his birth. While hunting in the Spine, Eragon is surprised to see the blue dragon egg, which he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3011531", "score": "0.9807197", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Eldest", "text": "the enemy ships. Meanwhile, Eragon arrives at the Varden's camp, who are under attack by an army of one hundred thousand of Galbatorix's soldiers. A group of Urgals join the Varden, and Eragon is able to repel the opposing army with help from the dwarves' reinforcements. Eventually, a Dragon Rider appears in favor of the Empire. The hostile Dragon Rider kills the dwarf king Hrothgar, and soon begins to fight with Eragon. The Dragon Rider is soon unmasked by Eragon and is revealed to be Murtagh, his old friend. Murtagh tells Eragon that he was kidnapped and forced into loyalty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3244967", "score": "0.97272503", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Eragon", "text": "the correct moniker, I use a placeholder name until a replacement suggests itself.\" He added that he was \"really lucky\" with the name Eragon, \"because it's just dragon with one letter changed.\" Also, Paolini commented that he thought of both parts of the name \"Eragon\" - \"era\" and \"gone\" - as if the name itself changes the era in which the character lives. He thought the name fit the book perfectly, but some of the other names caused him \"real headaches\". The landscape in \"Eragon\" is based on the \"wild territory\" of Paolini's home state, Montana. He said in an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3011526", "score": "0.9699161", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Eragon (film)", "text": "with his thoughts, she hears everything that Eragon says and comes back. Brom is leading the group to the Varden, rebel freedom fighters opposing Galbatorix. On the way, Brom fills Eragon in on the knowledge of dragon riders, Galbatorix, Durza and the Ra'zac. He also trains Eragon's sword-fighting. In a small village Eragon meets a fortune-teller named Angela who tells him of a girl awaiting his help, and of his dangerous path ahead. When Brom and Eragon are attacked by Galbatorix's servants, the Urgals, Eragon attempts to mimic Brom and wipes out the whole group with a magic attack of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4680591", "score": "0.9575102", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Time of the Dragon", "text": "Time of the Dragon Time of the Dragon is an accessory for the Dragonlance campaign setting of the \"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game. \"Time of the Dragon\" is an accessory for the Dragonlance campaign setting that describes the continent of Taladas on the world of Krynn. Taladas has its own unique cultures and geography, and as it plays no major role in the War of the Lance, Taladas remained relatively untouched by its events. The peoples who inhabit this continent have different views and lifestyles from those of Ansalon, including their relationship with the gods. The dragons of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15169550", "score": "0.95662856", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "any other known flame. Two extinct genera have been named inspired by Tolkien's dragon. In 1977, an extinct genus of worms from the Cambrian Burgess Shale was named \"Ancalagon\" and in 1980, an extinct genus of mammal was named \"Ankalagon\". Scatha was a mighty \"long-worm\" of the Grey Mountains. Little is known of Scatha except that he was slain by Fram in the early days of the Éothéod (circa ). After slaying Scatha, Fram's ownership of his recovered hoard was then disputed by the Dwarves of that region. Fram rebuked this claim, sending them instead Scatha's teeth, with the words,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756067", "score": "0.9538674", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "for games made from Tolkien's books, they expanded the selection of named dragons considerably in both Middle-earth Role Playing and The Wizards, a trading card game set in Middle-earth. Also in the real-time strategy game \"\", based on Peter Jackson's film trilogy, there is a dragon named Drogoth. In \"\", there are several types of creatures distantly related to dragons. There are giant salamanders, worms (long, quadrupedal serpents) and drakes (smaller, weaker, less intelligent forms of dragons.) There is also an undead dragon in the game, Thorog, resurrected by the forces of the Witch-king of Angmar to aid him in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756072", "score": "0.9526162", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Inheritance Cycle", "text": "be the daughter of Queen Islanzadí. During an elvish Agaetí Blödhren, or Blood-Oath Celebration, honoring the pact between elves and dragons, Eragon is changed by a symbolic dragon, giving him elf-like abilities and completely healing his back as well as all of his other injuries. Eragon then reveals his true feelings to Arya. After much persistence, Arya angrily rejects Eragon's suit. Meanwhile, Nasuada moves the Varden to the separate country of Surda which is ruled by King Orrin, and Roran moves the villagers of Carvahall to Surda, after their village was destroyed by the Ra'zac, who also captured Katrina. Eragon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18419735", "score": "0.94915414", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "in his powerfully hallowed Elven airborne ship Vingilot, aided by Thorondor and the great Eagles, battled Ancalagon and his dragons for an entire day. At length Eärendil prevailed, casting Ancalagon upon the triple-peaked towers of Thangorodrim, destroying both Ancalagon and the towers. With his last and mightiest defender slain, Morgoth was soon utterly defeated and made captive, thus ending the War of Wrath. Ancalagon the Black was the greatest dragon of Middle-earth, undoubtedly the largest, and is often referred to as the \"father of the winged-drakes\". Like all other Urulóki, Ancalagon breathed fire, which was said to be hotter than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756066", "score": "0.946975", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Inheritance Cycle", "text": "a servant of Galbatorix. Only two other dragon eggs remained, in the citadel in Ilirea, renamed Urû'baen by Galbatorix. Arya attempted to send the egg to Brom, but the remaining Eldunarí, which were hidden in the Vault of Souls, a secret cave hidden on the island Vroengard, near Doru Araeba, altered the spell making the egg go to Eragon, because they believed that the egg might hatch for him (revealed in the final book), who finds the egg while on a hunting trip. A few days later, the egg hatches and Eragon touches the dragon that was inside of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18419729", "score": "0.94426215", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Inheritance Cycle", "text": "he faces Galbatorix, who uses the true name of the ancient language against Eragon. Eragon duels Murtagh, besting him. Then Eragon and Galbatorix have a fierce mental battle, where Eragon accidentally forces Galbatorix to commit suicide with an improvised spell. Murtagh and Thorn retreat to somewhere in the north to have some time to themselves, but Eragon tracks him down. Murtagh tells him the name of the ancient language. Nasuada, after a heated debate with the other leaders of the rebellion, becomes the High Queen of Alagaësia, and changes Urû'baen back to Ilirea. Arya returns to Du Weldenvarden to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18419740", "score": "0.93923175", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Eldest", "text": "villagers reach Narda, where they pay for barges to sail to Teirm. In Teirm, Roran meets Jeod, Brom's friend, who tells him about Eragon and that he now is a Dragon Rider. Roran is stunned that his cousin is a Dragon Rider, and he asks Jeod for help to reach the Varden. Jeod decides to go with them and he gathers a group of his friends to steal a ship called the Dragon Wing. The villagers are chased by a group of Galbatorix's boats, but they force themselves into the gigantic whirpool, the Boar's eye, so that they can trap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3244966", "score": "0.93573284", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "He arose like a storm of wind and fire from the infernal pits of Angband beneath the Iron Mountains, as a last defense of the realm of Dor Daedeloth. Near the end of the War of Wrath that pitted Morgoth's hosts against the Host of the Valar, Morgoth sent Ancalagon to lead a fleet of winged dragons from the fortress of Angband to destroy the Dark Lord's enemies. So powerful was the assault of the dragon flight that the Host of the Valar was driven back from the gates of Angband onto the ashy plain of Anfauglith. Eärendil 'The Blessed'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756065", "score": "0.93460315", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "a love of treasure (especially gold), subtle intelligence, immense cunning, great physical strength, and a hypnotic power called \"dragon-spell\". They are extremely powerful and dangerous but mature very slowly. Because of this, Melkor's first attempts to use them against his enemies fail, as they are not yet powerful enough to be useful in battle. Despite their evil beginnings, they are not purely destructive by nature, as can be seen by Smaug, who wants to be left in peace, though he did force out the dwarves in the Lonely Mountain. Dragon-fire (even that of Ancalagon the Black) is described as not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756062", "score": "0.92318976", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Ankalagon saurognathus", "text": "scavengers that ate bones. The generic name refers to the dragon Ancalagon, who was mentioned in \"The Silmarillion\" by J.R.R. Tolkien. In \"The Silmarillion\", Ancalagon was described as being one of the more powerful servants of the malevolent being, Morgoth, having been bred to be the fiercest, mightiest, and largest dragon in all of Middle Earth. According to Tolkien, \"Ancalagon\" translates from Sindarin as being \"anc\" 'jaw', \"alag\" 'impetuous'. Leigh Van Valen studied the New Mexico mesonychid \"Dissacus saurognathus\" and eventually came to the conclusion that \"D. saurognathus\" differed enough from the sympatric \"D. navajovius\", and from other members of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11103373", "score": "0.9187341", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Time of the Dragon", "text": "unusual mix (for \"AD&D\") of magic and science.\" Time of the Dragon Time of the Dragon is an accessory for the Dragonlance campaign setting of the \"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game. \"Time of the Dragon\" is an accessory for the Dragonlance campaign setting that describes the continent of Taladas on the world of Krynn. Taladas has its own unique cultures and geography, and as it plays no major role in the War of the Lance, Taladas remained relatively untouched by its events. The peoples who inhabit this continent have different views and lifestyles from those of Ansalon, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15169558", "score": "0.9181132", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Morgoth", "text": "the Father of Dragons; Ancalagon \"the Black\", greatest of the Winged Dragons; Carcharoth, the mightiest wolf that ever lived; Draugluin, Sire of Werewolves; and Thuringwethil, Sauron's vampire messenger. Ungoliant, a demon in spider form, helped Melkor destroy the Two Trees. This alliance was temporary, however; when Melkor refused to yield the Silmarils to Ungoliant, she attacked him. He had spread his power and malice too thin, and had weakened himself too much to fight back; he escaped only through the arrival of the Balrogs. When the race of Men awoke, Morgoth (or his servant, depending on the text consulted) temporarily", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13447627", "score": "0.9153532", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "is shown to use his ability to control and enslave Men using his mind to wipe the memory of Túrin's sister Nienor, though it was restored after Glaurung had perished. He is described as having four legs and the ability to breathe fire, but no wings. Ancalagon: (Sindarin: \"rushing jaws\" from \"anc\" 'jaw', \"alag\" 'impetuous') Ancalagon the Black was a dragon bred by Morgoth during the First Age of Middle-earth, as told in \"The Silmarillion\". He was one of Morgoth's most powerful servants, bred to be the greatest and mightiest of all dragons, and the first of the winged \"fire-drakes\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756064", "score": "0.9123757", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Dragon (Middle-earth)", "text": "\"Jewels such as these you will not match in your treasuries, for they are hard to come by.\" This led to his death in a feud with the Dwarves. The Éothéod retained at least some of the hoard, and brought it south with them when they settled in Rohan. The silver horn that Éowyn gave to Merry Brandybuck after the War of the Ring came from this hoard. His name was likely taken from Anglo-Saxon \"sceaða\", \"injurious person, criminal, thief, assassin\". Smaug was the last named dragon of Middle-earth. He was slain by Bard, a descendant of Girion, Lord of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756068", "score": "0.90920985", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Eragon", "text": "The ancient language used by the elves in \"Eragon\" is based \"almost entirely\" on Old Norse, German, Anglo Saxon, and Russian myth. Paolini commented: \"[I] did a god-awful amount of research into the subject when I was composing it. I found that it gave the world a much richer feel, a much older feel, using these words that had been around for centuries and centuries. I had a lot of fun with that.\" Picking the right names for the characters and places was a process that could take \"days, weeks, or even years\". Paolini said: \"if I have difficulty choosing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3011525", "score": "0.90610296", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Inheritance (Paolini novel)", "text": "Vrael (the last leader of the Dragon Riders) who speaks for all of the Eldunarí, says that the time has come for them to reveal themselves and to help Eragon and the Varden to overthrow Galbatorix. Eragon and the others leave Vroengard with all the Eldunarí save five, who volunteer to stay and guard the eggs, and as they pass through the rock back onto the surface to open land, their knowledge of the existence of the stored dragon eggs is removed from their minds. They make their way to Urû'baen, where the combined forces of the Varden, the elves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11113154", "score": "0.9053067", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Age of Fire", "text": "the family name, Au for 'Gold', Fe for 'Iron', No for 'Nobellium', and so forth. Before their wings emerge, emphasis on a dragon's name is placed on the, familial, first syllable. Once a male dragon's wings emerge, the emphasis of his name shifts to the second syllable. For this reason, adult males' names are written with the second consonant capitalized, to represent adulthood. For example, when Auron's wings emerge, his name becomes AuRon after that point. Female dragons do not follow this convention, though they may shorten their names for familiarity, such as Wistala's preference that her elf father a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12461811", "score": "0.9023027", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Dragon (fantasy series)", "text": "from whom it took her a thousand years to learn magic from before she could escape. She is the primary antagonist of \"Dragon of the Lost Sea\", but joins forces with Shimmer in \"Dragon Steel\". She is named after the civet and is based on the Old Mother of the Waters myth. The Nameless One/The Boneless King<br> The Nameless One was a once-powerful king and wizard who battled the Five Masters so long ago that his name is now largely forgotten. He destroyed vast swathes of land that never recovered. Defeated, he could not be killed, so he was disembodied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11310614", "score": "0.8941908", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Middle-earth", "text": "have wings and whether they breathe fire (cold-drakes versus fire-drakes). The first of the fire-drakes (\"Urulóki\" in Quenya) was Glaurung the Golden, bred by Morgoth in Angband, and called \"The Great Worm\", \"The Worm of Morgoth\", and \"The Father of Dragons\". Glaurung played a decisive part in the battles of Morgoth against the Elves in the First Age, and directed the defeat of Nargothrond, but was eventually slain by Túrin. Winged dragons first appeared in the Great Battle at the end of the First Age, led by Ancalagon the Black, the mightiest of that host. In that battle he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13446985", "score": "0.8874321", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "Dragon Quest XI", "text": "past at the Tower of Lost Lime, but turned into the Timekeeper instead, as only one with the mark of the Luminary can use the tower's powers. After making their preparations, the party sets out to confront Calasmos and defeat him once and for all. Doing so, the Luminary entrusts his mark to the Timekeeper, who returns to her original form as Serenica, and uses it to return to the past and reunite with Erdwin. Accompanied by Veronica and Serena, he also returns the Sword of Light to Yggdrasil, who reveals itself as the Yggdragon, an ancient dragon who was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18935882", "score": "0.8862974", "original_retrieval_index": 60 } ]

{ "title": "Eragon", "long_answer": "The book tells the story of a farm boy named Eragon, who finds a mysterious stone in the mountains. Not knowing the stone's origin or worth, he attempts to use it as payment to a butcher. A dragon he later names Saphira hatches from the stone, which was really an egg. When the evil King Galbatorix finds out the general location of the egg he sends the Ra'zac to acquire it. By that time Saphira had been growing for a while and takes Eragon to the Spine after Ra'zac appear in their village Carvahall. Eragon and Saphira are forced to flee from their hometown, with a storyteller called Brom, and decide to search for the Varden, a group of rebels who want the downfall of Galbatorix.", "chunked_long_answer": "he attempts to use it as payment to a butcher. A dragon he later names Saphira hatches from the stone, which was really an egg. When the evil King Galbatorix finds out the general location of the egg he sends the Ra'zac to acquire it. By that time Saphira had been growing for a while and takes Eragon to the Spine after Ra'zac appear in their village Carvahall. Eragon and Saphira are forced to flee from their hometown, with a storyteller called Brom, and decide to search for the Varden, a group of rebels who want the downfall of Galbatorix.", "short_answers": [ "Saphira" ] }

[ "unattainable" ]

[ { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an attainable point: it can be produced with currently available resources. Points that lie to the right of the production possibilities curve are said to be unattainable because they cannot be produced using currently available resources. Points that lie strictly to the left of the curve are said to be inefficient, because existing resources would allow for production of more of at least one good without sacrificing the production of any other good. An efficient point is one that lies", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "to the left in response to a reduction in an economy's productive capability. Thus all points on or within the curve are part of the production set: combinations of goods that the economy could potentially produce. If the two production goods depicted are capital investment (to increase future production possibilities) and current consumption goods, the higher the investment this year, the more the PPF would shift out in following years. Shifts of the curve can represent how technological progress that favors production possibilities of one good, say guns, more than the other shifts the PPF outwards more along the favored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412247", "score": "1.1355529", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Production function", "text": "to the steepest ray from the origin hence the average physical product is at a maximum. Beyond point B, mathematical necessity requires that the marginal curve must be below the average curve (See production theory basics for further explanation.). To simplify the interpretation of a production function, it is common to divide its range into 3 stages. In Stage 1 (from the origin to point B) the variable input is being used with increasing output per unit, the latter reaching a maximum at point B (since the average physical product is at its maximum at that point). Because the output", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2502330", "score": "1.0831896", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "Production–possibility frontier A production–possibility frontier (PPF) or production possibility curve (PPC) is a curve which shows various combinations of set of two goods which can be produced with the given resources and technology where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them. This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. Graphically bounding the production set for fixed input quantities, the PPF curve shows the maximum possible production level", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412229", "score": "1.0738013", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "of one commodity for any given production level of the other, given the existing state of technology. By doing so, it defines productive efficiency in the context of that production set: a point on the frontier indicates efficient use of the available inputs (such as points B, D and C in the graph), a point beneath the curve (such as A) indicates inefficiency, and a point beyond the curve (such as X) indicates impossibility. PPFs are normally drawn as bulging upwards or outwards from the origin (\"concave\" when viewed from the origin), but they can be represented as bulging downward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412230", "score": "1.0687767", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "frontier (such as \"A\") can be produced but are productively \"inefficient\"; all points outside the curve (such as \"X\") cannot be produced with the given, existing resources. Not all points on the curve are Pareto efficient, however; only in the case where the marginal rate of transformation is equal to all consumers' marginal rate of substitution and hence equal to the ratio of prices will it be impossible to find any trade that will make no consumer worse off. Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412235", "score": "1.0521098", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "compared to what consumers would prefer, given what is feasible on the PPF. Production–possibility frontier A production–possibility frontier (PPF) or production possibility curve (PPC) is a curve which shows various combinations of set of two goods which can be produced with the given resources and technology where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them. This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. Graphically bounding the production set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412250", "score": "1.0482941", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Marginal product of labor", "text": "derived from the total product curve by drawing secants from the origin that intersect (cut) the total product curve. The slope of the secant line equals the average product of labor, where the slope = dQ/dL. The slope of the curve at each intersection marks a point on the average product curve. The slope increases until the line reaches a point of tangency with the total product curve. This point marks the maximum average product of labor. It also marks the point where MP (which is the slope of the total product curve) equals the AP (the slope of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13045271", "score": "1.0461595", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Production function", "text": "are unobtainable with current technology, all points below are technically feasible, and all points on the function show the maximum quantity of output obtainable at the specified level of usage of the input. From point A to point C, the firm is experiencing positive but decreasing marginal returns to the variable input. As additional units of the input are employed, output increases but at a decreasing rate. Point B is the point beyond which there are diminishing average returns, as shown by the declining slope of the average physical product curve (APP) beyond point Y. Point B is just tangent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2502329", "score": "1.0252159", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Smiling curve", "text": "ends of these processes of the value chain, are the raw material at one end of chain and at the other sales service. This assumption has caused an intense global competition which increasing in the assembly of standardized and modular components. Report examines the assembly-type manufacturing value chain and the formation of the smile curve. Because it use the ratio of the profit as a performance indicator. All the sources of products produced broader concept in industrial processes. Input-output tables and each firm's annual financial statements were used to calculate total assets and operating surplus. The assembly-type manufacturing industry also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9496077", "score": "1.0224818", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Smiling curve", "text": "stage, and brand and product concepts at high point, the manufacturing industry is located below, values in the retail and service phases rise again. With the end of the Cold War and the former socialist countries into the global economy, there was more and more cheap labor, while developing countries have been watching their profits decline, then resulting in fierce competition. Therefore, increasing the slope of the smile curve. Smile curve assumes a phenomenon, in the middle of the process of value-added profits or assembly-type manufacturing value chain is assembled, these processes have a downward trend, which increases at both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9496076", "score": "1.006587", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "the curve describe the tradeoff between the goods. The sacrifice in the production of the second good is called the \"opportunity cost\" (because increasing production of the first good entails losing the opportunity to produce some amount of the second). Opportunity cost is measured in the number of units of the second good forgone for one or more units of the first good. In the context of a PPF, opportunity cost is directly related to the shape of the curve (see below). If the shape of the PPF curve is a straight-line, the opportunity cost is constant as production of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412238", "score": "1.0052598", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Economics", "text": "total output. Each point on the curve shows potential total output for the economy, which is the maximum feasible output of one good, given a feasible output quantity of the other good. Scarcity is represented in the figure by people being willing but unable in the aggregate to consume \"beyond the PPF\" (such as at \"X\") and by the negative slope of the curve. If production of one good \"increases\" along the curve, production of the other good \"decreases\", an inverse relationship. This is because increasing output of one good requires transferring inputs to it from production of the other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "110930", "score": "0.9997778", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "factor of production to consider or if the factor intensity ratios in the two sectors were constant at all points on the production-possibilities curve. With varying returns to scale, however, it may not be entirely linear in either case. With economies of scale, the PPF would curve inward, with the opportunity cost of one good falling as more of it is produced. Specialization in producing successive units of a good determines its opportunity cost (say from mass production methods or specialization of labor). The two main determinants of the position of the PPF at any given time are the state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412245", "score": "0.9962548", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Economics", "text": "of the increased output is anticipated to be worth the cost to the agents. By construction, each point on the curve shows \"productive efficiency\" in maximizing output for given total inputs. A point \"inside\" the curve (as at \"A\"), is feasible but represents \"production inefficiency\" (wasteful use of inputs), in that output of \"one or both goods\" could increase by moving in a northeast direction to a point on the curve. Examples cited of such inefficiency include high unemployment during a business-cycle recession or economic organization of a country that discourages full use of resources. Being on the curve might", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "110932", "score": "0.9872545", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "of the production–possibility frontier (PPF) at any given point is called the marginal rate of transformation (MRT). The slope defines the rate at which production of one good can be redirected (by reallocation of productive resources) into production of the other. It is also called the (marginal) \"opportunity cost\" of a commodity, that is, it is the opportunity cost of \"X\" in terms of \"Y\" at the margin. It measures how much of good Y is given up for one more unit of good \"X\" or vice versa. The shape of a PPF is commonly drawn as concave to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412240", "score": "0.97899425", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "text": "that technological progress does not occur, if the economy is operating on the PPF, production of guns would need to be sacrificed to produce more butter. If production is efficient, the economy can choose between combinations (points) on the PPF: \"B\" if guns are of interest, \"C\" if more butter is needed, \"D\" if an equal mix of butter and guns is required. In the PPF, all points \"on\" the curve are points of maximum productive efficiency (no more output of any good can be achieved from the given inputs without sacrificing output of some good); all points inside the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2412234", "score": "0.97451097", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Isocost", "text": "those quantities of the two inputs. The absolute value of the slope of the isocost line, with capital plotted vertically and labour plotted horizontally, equals the ratio of unit costs of labour and capital. The slope is: The isocost line is combined with the isoquant map to determine the optimal production point at any given level of output. Specifically, the point of tangency between any isoquant and an isocost line gives the lowest-cost combination of inputs that can produce the level of output associated with that isoquant. Equivalently, it gives the maximum level of output that can be produced for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4305124", "score": "0.9720892", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Eco-costs value ratio", "text": "environmental impact of products). The area underneath the curve is proportional to the total eco-costs of the EU25. Basically there are two strategies to reduce the area under the curve: - ask industry to reduce the eco-costs of their products (this will shift the curve downward) - try to reduce expenditures of consumers in high end of the curve, and let them spend this money at the low end of the curve (this will shift the middle part of the curve to the right). The question is now how designers and engineers can contribute to this required shift towards sustainability", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14081997", "score": "0.9711344", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Cost curve", "text": "U-shaped cost curve is in the range of 5 to 11 percent. The average total cost curve is constructed to capture the relation between cost per unit of output and the level of output, \"ceteris paribus\". A perfectly competitive and productively efficient firm organizes its factors of production in such a way that the factors of production is at the lowest point. In the short run, when at least one factor of production is fixed, this occurs at the output level where it has enjoyed all possible average cost gains from increasing production. This is at the minimum point in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4852534", "score": "0.96305656", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Price point", "text": "Price point Price points are prices at which demand for a given product is supposed to stay relatively high. Introductory microeconomics depicts a demand curve as downward-sloping to the right and either linear or gently convex to the origin. The downwards slope generally holds, but the model of the curve is only piecewise true, as price surveys indicate that demand for a product is not a linear function of its price and not even a smooth function. Demand curves resemble a series of waves rather than a straight line. The diagram shows price points at the points labeled A, B,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1869799", "score": "0.9598018", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cost curve", "text": "Cost curve In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms use these curves to find the optimal point of production (minimizing cost), and profit maximizing firms can use them to decide output quantities to achieve those aims. There are various types of cost curves, all related to each other, including total and average cost curves, and marginal (\"for each additional unit\") cost curves, which are equal to the differential of the total cost curves. Some are applicable to the short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4852532", "score": "0.9567984", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Engel curve", "text": "up to unity. This rules out the possibility of saturation being a general property of Engel curves across all goods as this would imply that the income elasticity of all goods approaches zero starting from a certain level of income. The adding-up restriction stems from the assumption that consumption always takes place at the upper boundary of the household's opportunity set, which is only fulfilled if the household cannot completely satisfy all its wants within the boundaries of the opportunity set. Other scholars argue that an upper saturation level exists for all types of goods and services. In microeconomics Engel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2531285", "score": "0.9554263", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Income–consumption curve", "text": "formula_8. This too is clearly linear and homogeneous in \"m\", thus making the income-consumption curves for both the goods 1 and 2 straight lines passing through the origin. At each level of income level, say \"m\", there would be an optimal choice for each of the goods. If only the case of a good say, good X is taken, the optimal choice at each set of prices and income or in other words, the demand function for good X can be written as: formula_9 Here, \"p\" is the price of good X, \"p\" is the price of good X and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2645713", "score": "0.9532709", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Simalto", "text": "that can combine to form the product or service. Each row of the matrix represents an attribute and the matrix columns are the various options (alternative features, levels of service, benefits) of that particular row attribute. Each option is associated with ‘cost points’ which indicates how much more or less that option costs to deliver than the other options on the matrix. The cost points may reflect the actual price in currency, say, of a consumer or industrial product option, or, more commonly in service applications, the relative costs to the supplier of delivering the different benefit options. Example SIMALTO", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20464121", "score": "0.94548166", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Supply (economics)", "text": "The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns (LDMR) shapes the SRMC curve. The LDMR states that as production increases eventually a point (the point of diminishing marginal returns) will be reached after which additional units of output resulting from fixed increments of the labor input will be successively smaller. That is, beyond the point of diminishing marginal returns the marginal product of labor will continually decrease and hence a continually higher selling price would be necessary to induce the firm to produce more and more output. The market supply curve is the horizontal summation of firm supply curves. The law of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7610495", "score": "0.9433317", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Marginal product", "text": "total product curve, which is the production function plotted against labor usage for a fixed level of usage of the capital input. In the neoclassical theory of competitive markets, the marginal product of labor equals the real wage. In aggregate models of perfect competition, in which a single good is produced and that good is used both in consumption and as a capital good, the marginal product of capital equals its rate of return. As was shown in the Cambridge capital controversy, this proposition about the marginal product of capital cannot generally be sustained in multi-commodity models in which capital", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3347834", "score": "0.9431956", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Experience curve effects", "text": "form for the unit cost, \"P\", producing unit number \"x\" starting with \"P\" for a wide variety of different products and services: where (1-\"b\") is the proportion reduction in the unit cost with each doubling in the cumulative production. To see this, note the following: Of course, this is only a statistical average and will rarely if ever exactly predict the unit cost of producing any future product. However, it has been found to be useful in many contexts with \"b\" ranging from 0.75 to 0.9 in different industries (so 1-\"b\" ranges from 0.1 to 0.25, as noted elsewhere in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2134728", "score": "0.94184124", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Break-even (economics)", "text": "curve (FC) which shows the costs that do not vary with output level, and finally the various total revenue lines (R1, R2, and R3), which show the total amount of revenue received at each output level, given the price you will be charging. The break-even points (A,B,C) are the points of intersection between the total cost curve (TC) and a total revenue curve (R1, R2, or R3). The break-even quantity at each selling price can be read off the horizontal axis and the break-even price at each selling price can be read off the vertical axis. The total cost, total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2097461", "score": "0.9414189", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Utility–possibility frontier", "text": "Utility–possibility frontier In welfare economics, a utility–possibility frontier (or utility possibilities curve), is a widely used concept analogous to the better-known production–possibility frontier. The graph shows the maximum amount of one person's utility given each level of utility attained by all others in society. Points on the curve are, by definition, Pareto efficient, while points off the curve are not. However, based on the extent of society’s preferences for an equal distribution of real income, a point off the curve may be preferred. All points on or below the utility–possibility frontier are attainable by society; all points above it are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12049370", "score": "0.9413717", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Production–possibility frontier", "long_answer": "Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an attainable point: it can be produced with currently available resources. Points that lie to the right of the production possibilities curve are said to be unattainable because they cannot be produced using currently available resources. Points that lie strictly to the left of the curve are said to be inefficient, because existing resources would allow for production of more of at least one good without sacrificing the production of any other good. An efficient point is one that lies on the production possibilities curve. At any such point, more of one good can be produced only by producing less of the other. ", "chunked_long_answer": "Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an attainable point: it can be produced with currently available resources. Points that lie to the right of the production possibilities curve are said to be unattainable because they cannot be produced using currently available resources. Points that lie strictly to the left of the curve are said to be inefficient, because existing resources would allow for production of more of at least one good without sacrificing the production of any other good. An efficient point is one that lies", "short_answers": [ "unattainable" ] }

[ "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake" ]

[ { "title": "1700 Cascadia earthquake", "text": "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California. The length of the fault rupture was about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), with an average slip of 20 meters (66 ft).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1965 Puget Sound earthquake", "text": "about the installation of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network in 1969. 1965 Puget Sound earthquake The 1965 Puget Sound earthquake occurred at 08:28 PDT (15:28 UTC) on April 29 within the Puget Sound region of Washington State. It had a magnitude of 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (\"Severe\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused the deaths of seven people and about $12.5–28 million in damage. There were no recorded aftershocks. The western part of Washington State lies above the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13305764", "score": "1.031651", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "1993 Scotts Mills earthquake", "text": "1993 Scotts Mills earthquake The 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake, also known as the \"Spring break quake\", occurred in the U.S. state of Oregon on March 25 at 5:34 AM Pacific Standard Time. With a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum perceived intensity of VII (\"Very strong\") on the Mercalli intensity scale, it was the largest earthquake in the Pacific Northwest since the Elk Lake and Goat Rocks earthquakes of 1981. Ground motion was widely felt in Oregon's Willamette Valley, the Portland metropolitan area, and as far north as the Puget Sound area near Seattle, Washington. The Scotts Mills mainshock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9622791", "score": "1.0281665", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pacific Northwest Seismic Network", "text": "Pacific Northwest Seismic Network The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, or PNSN, collects and studies ground motions from about 400 seismometers in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. PNSN monitors volcanic and tectonic activity, gives advice and information to the public and policy makers, and works to mitigate earthquake hazard. Damaging earthquakes are well known in the Pacific Northwest, including several larger than magnitude 7, most notably the M9 1700 Cascadia earthquake and the M7.0–7.3 earthquake in about 900AD on the Seattle Fault. The M6.5 1965 Puget Sound earthquake shook the Seattle, Washington area, causing substantial damage and seven deaths.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4113701", "score": "1.016497", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2018 Anchorage earthquake", "text": "near Tacoma, Washington than to the 1964 megathrust earthquake. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale using a centroid moment tensor inversion of the W-phase. The focal mechanism shows that the earthquake was a result of normal faulting. A fault dipping at 29° towards the east gives the best match to the observed seismic waveforms. The depth and mechanism are consistent with faulting within the down-going Pacific Plate. This implies that the earthquake was an intraslab earthquake within that plate, rather than at the plate boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates beneath the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20994325", "score": "1.0011041", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "1965 Puget Sound earthquake", "text": "1965 Puget Sound earthquake The 1965 Puget Sound earthquake occurred at 08:28 PDT (15:28 UTC) on April 29 within the Puget Sound region of Washington State. It had a magnitude of 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (\"Severe\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused the deaths of seven people and about $12.5–28 million in damage. There were no recorded aftershocks. The western part of Washington State lies above the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The seismicity of this region consists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13305760", "score": "0.99633324", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1700 Cascadia earthquake", "text": "26, 1700 (NS). Although there are no written records for the region from the time, the timing of the earthquake has been inferred from Japanese records of a tsunami that does not correlate with any other Pacific Rim quake. The Japanese records exist primarily in the modern-day Iwate Prefecture, in communities such as Tsugaruishi, Kuwagasaki and Ōtsuchi. The most important clue linking the tsunami in Japan and the earthquake in the Pacific Northwest comes from studies of tree rings (dendrochronology), which show that several \"ghost forests\" of red cedar trees in Oregon and Washington, killed by lowering of coastal forests", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3066517", "score": "0.99618", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cascadia subduction zone", "text": "pieces of the puzzle were linked, and they then realized that the subduction zone was more hazardous than previously suggested. In 2009, some geologists predicted a 10% to 14% probability that the Cascadia Subduction Zone will produce an event of magnitude 9.0 or higher in the next 50 years. In 2010, studies suggested that the risk could be as high as 37% for earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 or higher Geologists and civil engineers have broadly determined that the Pacific Northwest region is not well prepared for such a colossal earthquake. The earthquake is expected to be similar to the 2011", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3964091", "score": "0.99458784", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake", "text": "Hawaii. Residents in low-lying areas along the Gulf of Alaska and in British Columbia were evacuated to shelters and higher ground. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center later cancelled most of the alerts within four hours of the earthquake, due to the apparent lack of tsunami. The highest recorded waves after the event measured at under above tide level on Kodiak Island. According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake occurred southeast of Kodiak, Alaska at 12:31 AM local time (AKST). Witnesses to the earthquake itself reported that it was very long in duration, feeling like a \"slow roller,\" but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20546309", "score": "0.9833633", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pacific Northwest Seismic Network", "text": "campus, and the network is managed by UW staff. Additional funding is provided by the Department of Energy, the State of Washington, and the State of Oregon. Pacific Northwest Seismic Network The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, or PNSN, collects and studies ground motions from about 400 seismometers in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. PNSN monitors volcanic and tectonic activity, gives advice and information to the public and policy makers, and works to mitigate earthquake hazard. Damaging earthquakes are well known in the Pacific Northwest, including several larger than magnitude 7, most notably the M9 1700 Cascadia earthquake and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4113705", "score": "0.981841", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Puget Sound faults", "text": "these faults. The ultimate driver of the stresses that cause earthquakes are the motions of the tectonic plates: material from the Earth's mantle rises at spreading centers, and moves out as plates of oceanic crust which eventually are subducted under the more buoyant plates of continental crust. Western Washington lies over the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Juan de Fuca Plate is subducting towards the east (see diagram, right). This is being obliquely overridden by the North American plate coming out of the northeast, which has formed a bend in the subducting plate and in the forearc basin above it.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14635964", "score": "0.97860736", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "1700 Cascadia earthquake", "text": "with an M9+ event within the same time frame. Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake. The tsunami produced could reach heights of . A 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise (cause by subsidence) along the Cascadia subduction zone. It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island, such as Tofino and Ucluelet, are at risk for a 1–2 m subsidence, relative to mean sea level. The confirmation of their oral traditions about a great earthquake has led many aboriginal groups in the area to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3066526", "score": "0.9782173", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Puget Sound faults", "text": "and largely centered near the coast. The energy of the somewhat smaller Benioff earthquakes is likewise diluted over a relatively large area. The largest intra-crustal earthquakes have about the same total energy (which is about one-hundredth of a subduction event), but since they are closer to the surface they will cause more powerful shaking, and, therefore, more damage. One study of seismic vulnerability of bridges in the Seattle – Tacoma area estimated that an M 7 earthquake on the Seattle or Tacoma faults would cause nearly as much damage as a M 9 subduction earthquake. Because the Seattle and Tacoma", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14635959", "score": "0.97424734", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cascadia subduction zone", "text": "and can exceed magnitude 9.0. They occur when enough energy (stress) has accumulated in the \"locked\" zone of the fault to cause a rupture known as a megathrust earthquake. The magnitude of a megathrust earthquake is proportional to length of the rupture along the fault. The Cascadia Subduction Zone, which forms the boundary between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates, is a very long sloping fault that stretches from mid-Vancouver Island to Northern California. Because of the great length of the fault, the Cascadia Subduction Zone is capable of producing very large earthquakes if rupture occurs along its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3964085", "score": "0.97336435", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1949 Olympia earthquake", "text": "1949 Olympia earthquake The 1949 Olympia earthquake occurred on April 13 at with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"). The shock was located in the area between Olympia and Tacoma, and was felt throughout the state, as well as parts of Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana. It is the largest recorded earthquake to occur in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Eight people were killed, a minimum of 64 people were injured, and the total damage is estimated at $25 million. Damage in Olympia from the earthquake was estimated between $500,000 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11490674", "score": "0.97131693", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mount Cayley volcanic field", "text": "American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone along the British Columbia Coast. This is a long fault zone running off the Pacific Northwest from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia. The plates move at a relative rate of over per year at an oblique angle to the subduction zone. Because of the very large fault area, the Cascadia subduction zone can produce large earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater. The interface between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates remains locked for periods of roughly 500 years. During these periods, stress builds up on the interface between the plates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14556393", "score": "0.96945715", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Portland, Oregon", "text": "a hazard\" than the Cascadia subduction zone due to their proximities to population centers, with the potential of producing magnitude 7 earthquakes. Notable earthquakes that have impacted the Portland area in recent history include the 6.8-magnitude Nisqually earthquake in 2001, and a 5.6-magnitude earthquake that struck on March 25, 1993. Per a 2014 report, over 7,000 locations within the Portland area are at high-risk for landslides and soil liquefaction in the event of a major earthquake, including much of the city's west side (such as Washington Park) and sections of Clackamas County. Portland is east of the Pacific Ocean at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "316795", "score": "0.966492", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Seattle Fault", "text": "their energy is dissipated. And there are the infrequent but very powerful great subduction events, such as the magnitude 9 1700 Cascadia earthquake, where the entire Cascadia subduction zone, from Cape Mendocino to Vancouver Island, slips. But the Seattle and Tacoma faults are probably the most serious earthquake threat to the populous Seattle–Tacoma area. A 2002 study of bridge vulnerability estimated that a magnitude 7 earthquake on the Seattle Fault would damage approximately 80 bridges in the Seattle–Tacoma area, whereas a magnitude 9 subduction event would damage only around 87 bridges in all of Western Washington. The same study also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3656622", "score": "0.9661703", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2001 Nisqually earthquake", "text": "2001 Nisqually earthquake The 2001 Nisqually earthquake occurred at on February 28, 2001. The intraslab earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"). The epicenter was in the southern Puget Sound, northeast of Olympia, but the shock was felt in Oregon, Canada, eastern Washington, and Idaho. This was one of several large earthquakes that occurred in the Puget Sound region in the prior 52 years and caused property damage valued at between one and four billion dollars. One person died of a heart attack and several hundred were injured. The Puget Sound area", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2503821", "score": "0.96615624", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2001 Nisqually earthquake", "text": "is prone to deep earthquakes due to the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate's subduction under the North American Plate at 3.5 to 4.5 cm a year as part of the Cascadia subduction zone, which causes stress in the North American Plate as the Juan de Fuca Plate sinks into the mantle. Similar significant earthquakes occurred in the same general region on April 29, 1965 (magnitude 6.7, depth ), and April 13, 1949 (magnitude 6.7, depth ). Although there were no directly-related deaths, local news outlets reported that there was one death from a heart attack. About 400 people were injured.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2503822", "score": "0.96584994", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "1872 North Cascades earthquake", "text": "be mapped to a corresponding moment magnitude. The intensities for twelve 20th-century Pacific Northwest earthquakes were used for calibration before analyzing the known intensities for the 1872 event in an attempt to resolve the location and magnitude. The reports were interpreted in a way that placed the epicenter near the south end of Lake Chelan, but other considerations left other plausible focal points both north and northeast of the lake. The magnitude was estimated to be 6.5–7.0 with 95% confidence. Using a similar strategy, S. D. Malone and S. Bor analyzed the known intensities for the 1872 shock, then compared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15216614", "score": "0.9647039", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Seattle Fault", "text": "magnitude 7.0 earthquake. In addition to extensive damage to unreinforced structures and structures built on fill (such as much of Seattle's Pioneer Square area, the industrial area, and the waterfront), computer modeling has shown that such earthquakes could cause a tsunami of about high on Elliott Bay. The modeling shows that such a tsunami would also inundate the industrial areas on Commencement Bay 30 miles south (Tacoma) and low-lying areas on the Puyallup River delta. There is also concern that a severe or prolonged event could cause failure of the Duwamish or Puyallup River deltas, where the main port facilities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3656625", "score": "0.96409714", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake", "text": "2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake On January 23, 2018, at 00:31 AKST, an earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island. The earthquake, measured at 7.9 on the scale, was approximately southeast of Kodiak and happened at a depth of . It was initially measured as a M 8.2 event, but later downgraded by the United States Geological Survey. The earthquake was felt throughout most of southern Alaska, including the major cities of Anchorage and Fairbanks, and parts of neighboring British Columbia. The earthquake prompted tsunami warnings and advisories for Alaska, British Columbia, the U.S. West Coast, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20546308", "score": "0.9599954", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "1872 North Cascades earthquake", "text": "just south of the Canada–United States border at Ross Lake. The Cascadia subduction zone rarely influences the western portion of Washington state, but the November 1873 M7.3 shock near the California–Oregon border may have been associated with it. Although activity in the Pacific Northwest (especially west of the Cascades in Washington) has occasionally been located near the subduction zone, earthquakes there (1949 Olympia, 1965 Puget Sound, 2001 Nisqually) have mostly been intraslab events. A large M7 earthquake on the Seattle Fault in 900 C.E. may have generated a tsunami in Puget Sound. The 1872 event east of the Cascades is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15216612", "score": "0.9599875", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "1872 North Cascades earthquake", "text": "reached the western portion of the state, near the highly populated Puget Sound region, and to the southeast beyond where the Hanford nuclear reactor site later stood. A relationship exists between the depth of the mainshock and the occurrence of aftershocks, and several Pacific Northwest earthquakes illustrate this link, like the February 1981 M5.5 Elk Lake event in southwest Washington that was followed by more than 1,000 in the first two years. The M7.3 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake in Montana had a significant sequence of aftershocks, and the shallow M7 1983 Borah Peak event was followed by four aftershocks. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15216619", "score": "0.9570193", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1872 North Cascades earthquake", "text": "intensity patterns for a number of instrumentally recorded earthquakes that also occurred in the Pacific Northwest. A factor that was taken into consideration was that for earthquakes that have either circular or slightly elliptical isoseismal maps, the epicenter is usually close to the center of the pattern, but that for shocks where instrumental information are also available, the epicenter is sometimes not where it would have been assumed to be, had only the intensity information (and no instrumental information) been available. An isoseismal map of the 1949 Olympia earthquake was presented as an example of a distorted or convoluted pattern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15216615", "score": "0.9568219", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake", "text": "also the most severe earthquake in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States along with the 6.9 magnitude earthquake which struck Idaho in 1983. The landslide caused by this quake was the largest since an earthquake in Wyoming in 1925 caused a landslide amounting to of rock and debris that left 28 people dead. The death toll from the quake was also the highest since the 1925 earthquake and most recent for the Northwestern United States since an earthquake in 1927 that left seven people dead. The 1959 earthquake was also the most damaging earthquake to occur in Montana", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10622743", "score": "0.9531203", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Paleoseismology", "text": "of the Pacific Northwest. It was thought for some time that there was low seismic hazard in region because relatively few modern earthquakes are being recorded. There was a concept that the subduction zone was merely sliding in a benign manner. All of these comforting notions were shattered by paleoseismology studies showing evidence of extremely large earthquakes (the most recent being in 1700), along with historical tsunami records. In effect, the subduction zone under British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and far northern California, is perfectly normal, being extremely hazardous in the long term, with the capability of generating coastal tsunamis of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5798018", "score": "0.9521392", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Seattle", "text": "Union Bay. Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly and one more by heart failure.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10286765", "score": "0.9474913", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Willamette River", "text": "harm to the Oregon State Capitol in Salem. Evidence suggests that massive quakes of 8 or more on the Richter scale have occurred historically in the Cascadia subduction zone off the Oregon coast, most recently in 1700 CE, and that others as strong as 9 on the Richter scale occur every 500 to 800 years. The basin's high population density, its nearness to this subduction zone, and its loose soils, which tend to amplify shaking, make the Willamette Valley especially vulnerable to damage from strong earthquakes. The Willamette River drains a region of , which is 12 percent of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "839932", "score": "0.9458438", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "1700 Cascadia earthquake", "long_answer": "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California. The length of the fault rupture was about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), with an average slip of 20 meters (66 ft).", "chunked_long_answer": "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California. The length of the fault rupture was about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), with an average slip of 20 meters (66 ft).", "short_answers": [ "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake" ] }

[ "16 March 2018", "3–4 April 2018" ]

[ { "title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Champions League", "text": "The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019. The first leg matches will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second leg matches will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019 (after the quarter-final draw). The first leg matches will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second leg matches will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019. The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The \"home\" team (for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19982025", "score": "1.1417297", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2019. <section begin=R16 /> The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second legs will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20735155", "score": "1.0975213", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "held on 15 March 2019, 12:00 CET (after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second legs will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019. The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. 2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 February and end on 1 June 2019 with the final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20735156", "score": "1.0899314", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2015–16 UEFA Champions League", "text": "16 was held on 14 December 2015. The first legs were played on 16, 17, 23 and 24 February, and the second legs were played on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2016. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 18 March 2016. The first legs were played on 5 and 6 April, and the second legs were played on 12 and 13 April 2016. The draw for the semi-finals was held on 15 April 2016. The first legs were played on 26 and 27 April, and the second legs were played on 3 and 4 May 2016. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17316801", "score": "1.0563717", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "time since the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations. <section begin=SF /> The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 May 2018. \"Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate.\" \"Liverpool won 7–6 on aggregate.\" <section begin=Final /> The final was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw. <section end=Final /> 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2017–18", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210824", "score": "1.0539725", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2019 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "García, who won the UEFA Champions League with Liverpool in 2005. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> 2019 UEFA Champions League Final The 2019 UEFA Champions League Final will be the final match of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the 64th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 27th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19981996", "score": "1.0435965", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2014–15 UEFA Champions League", "text": "played on 17, 18, 24 and 25 February, and the second legs were played on 10, 11, 17 and 18 March 2015. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 20 March 2015. The first legs were played on 14 and 15 April, and the second legs were played on 21 and 22 April 2015. The draw for the semi-finals and final (to determine the \"home\" team for administrative purposes) was held on 24 April 2015. The first legs were played on 5 and 6 May, and the second legs were played on 12 and 13 May 2015. Statistics exclude", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16531504", "score": "1.0430653", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2016–17 UEFA Champions League", "text": "on 17 March 2017. The first legs were played on 11 and 12 April, and the second legs were played on 18 and 19 April 2017. The draw for the semi-finals was held on 21 April 2017. The first legs were played on 2 and 3 May, and the second legs were played on 9 and 10 May 2017. The final was played on 3 June 2017 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw. Statistics exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round. The UEFA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18394714", "score": "1.0381998", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2012–13 UEFA Champions League", "text": "13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs were played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2013. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 15 March 2013. The first legs were played on 2 and 3 April, and the second legs were played on 9 and 10 April 2013. The draw for the semi-finals and final (to determine the \"home\" team for administrative purposes) was held on 12 April 2013. The first legs were played on 23 and 24 April, and the second legs were played on 30 April and 1 May 2013. The final was played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15134465", "score": "1.0312042", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "and 24 April, and the second legs were played on 30 April and 1 May 2013. \"Borussia Dortmund won 4–3 on aggregate.\" \"Bayern Munich won 7–0 on aggregate.\" The final was played on 25 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. 2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League began on 12 February and concluded on 25 May 2013 with the final at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Times up to 30 March 2013 (round of 16) are CET (), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (). All draws are held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16583202", "score": "1.0306634", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase", "text": "(after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 2 May, and the second legs will be played on 9 May 2019. The final will be played on 29 May 2019 at the Olympic Stadium in Baku. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 February and end on 29 May 2019 with the final at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan, to decide the champions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20735162", "score": "1.0220599", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase", "text": "and the second legs will be played on 20 and 21 February 2019. <section begin=R32 /> The draw for the round of 16 will be held on 22 February 2019, 13:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 7 March, and the second legs will be played on 14 March 2019. The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 11 April, and the second legs will be played on 18 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20735161", "score": "1.0170597", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "held after the semi-final draw. 2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 14 February and ended on 3 June 2017 with the final at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales, to decide the champions of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams competed in the knockout phase. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times are in parentheses). The schedule of the competition was as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise). The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19600065", "score": "1.0156652", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2017–18 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase", "text": "November 2017, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.<section end=QF_draw /> <section begin=QF /> The first legs were played on 21 and 22 March, and the second legs on 28 March 2018. \"Chelsea won 5–1 on aggregate.\" \"Wolfsburg won 6–1 on aggregate.\" \"Manchester City won 7–3 on aggregate.\" \"Lyon won 3–1 on aggregate.\" <section begin=SF_draw /> The draw for the semi-finals was held on 24 November 2017, 13:30 CET (together with the quarter-final draw), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.<section end=SF_draw /> <section begin=SF /> The first legs were played on 22 April, and the second legs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210900", "score": "1.0153137", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Europa League", "text": "will be held on 15 March 2019. The first legs will be played on 11 April, and the second legs will be played on 18 April 2019. The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 15 March 2019 (after the quarter-final draw). The first legs will be played on 2 May, and the second legs will be played on 9 May 2019. The final will be played on 29 May 2019 at the Olympic Stadium in Baku. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. Statistics exclude", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20169266", "score": "1.0152278", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2008–09 UEFA Champions League", "text": "be played on 15 April; the match was played on 14 April. Porto's 1–0 loss to Manchester United in the second leg of the quarter-finals was the club's first ever home defeat to English opposition. The first leg matches were played on 28 April and 29 April, while the second leg matches were played on 5 May and 6 May 2009. As in 2007–08, the semi-final teams consisted of three Premier League sides and Barcelona. This was the third consecutive season in which three of the four semi-final teams were English. Manchester United were the first defending champions to reach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10289525", "score": "1.0039725", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase", "text": "The draws for the quarter-finals and semi-finals were held on 25 November 2016, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <section begin=Quarter-finals /> The first legs were played on 22 and 23 March, and the second legs on 29 and 30 March 2017. \"Manchester City won 2–0 on aggregate.\" \"Barcelona won 3–0 on aggregate.\" \"Lyon won 2–1 on aggregate.\" \"Paris Saint-Germain won 4–1 on aggregate.\" <section begin=Semi-finals /> The first legs were played on 22 April, and the second legs on 29 April 2017. \"Paris Saint-Germain won 5–1 on aggregate.\" \"Lyon won 3–2 on aggregate.\" The final was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19567714", "score": "1.0035605", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League", "text": "were drawn against the eight group runners-up, with the restriction that teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn with each other. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the \"home\" team) was held on 19 March 2010, conducted by Gianni Infantino and Emilio Butragueño, the ambassador for the final in Madrid. From the quarter-finals onwards, there were no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association may be drawn with each other. Starting from this season, the matches in the round of 16 were held over four weeks, instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11156321", "score": "1.0026804", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2009–10 in English football", "text": "they are eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals. 7 April: Manchester United's hopes of winning the UEFA Champions League are ended when they are eliminated in the quarter-finals by Bayern Munich on away goals. 8 April: Fulham reach the UEFA Europa League semi-finals with a 3–1 aggregate win over VfL Wolfsburg in the quarter-finals. Liverpool also reach the semi-finals by eliminating Benfica. 10 April: Portsmouth become the first Premier League club to be relegated this season when fellow relegation side West Ham United beat Sunderland 1–0, while West Bromwich Albion are promoted to the Premier League for the fourth time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13296729", "score": "1.0019943", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2010–11 UEFA Champions League", "text": "play in the knockout stages of the tournament. In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2010. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the \"home\" team) was held on 18 March 2011. The first legs of the round of 16 were played on 15, 16, 22 and 23 February, and the second legs were played on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2011. The first legs were played on 5 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12159518", "score": "0.9997467", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League", "text": "1 September 2016, 13:30 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 October 2016, 13:30 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The draws for the quarter-finals and semi-finals was held on 25 November 2016, 13:30 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The final was played on 1 June 2017 at the Cardiff City Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. Qualifying goals count towards the topscorer award. The UEFA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18674410", "score": "0.9976611", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League began on 12 February and concluded on 25 May 2013 with the final at Wembley Stadium in London, England. Times up to 30 March 2013 (round of 16) are CET (), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (). All draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The knockout phase involves the sixteen teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage. Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the final, is played over two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16583198", "score": "0.9914666", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage", "text": "or country could be drawn together from the quarter-finals onwards. The first legs of the quarter-finals were played on 1 April and 2 April, while the second legs were played on 8 April and 9 April 2008. \"All times CEST\" \"All times CEST\" \"Liverpool won 5–3 on aggregate.\" \"Chelsea won 3–2 on aggregate.\" \"Manchester United won 3–0 on aggregate.\" \"Barcelona won 2–0 on aggregate.\" The first legs of the semi-finals were played on 22 April and 23 April, while the second legs were played on 29 April and 30 April 2008. \"Manchester United won 1–0 on aggregate.\" \"Chelsea won 4–3", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11296308", "score": "0.99080205", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2019 UEFA Europa League Final", "text": "(for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which will be held on 15 March 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> 2019 UEFA Europa League Final The 2019 UEFA Europa League Final will be the final match of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League, the 48th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 10th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It will be played at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan on 29 May 2019. Starting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19982001", "score": "0.9907975", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Youth League knockout phase", "text": "winners advance to the round of 16, where they are joined by the eight group winners from the UEFA Champions League Path. <section begin=R16_draw /> The draw for the round of 16 onwards will be held on 22 February 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows: <section begin=Bracket /> <section end=Bracket /> <section begin=R16 /> The round of 16 matches will be played on 12 and 13 March 2019. <section begin=QF /> The quarter-finals will be played on 2 and 3 April 2019. <section begin=SF /> The semi-finals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20863073", "score": "0.9903249", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2008–09 UEFA Champions League", "text": "the semi-finals since the introduction of the first knockout round in the 2003–04 season. Chelsea were knocked out by Barcelona after a highly controversial performance by referee Tom Henning Øvrebø, while Arsenal's 3–1 loss to Manchester United in the second leg of the semi-finals was the club's first defeat at the Emirates Stadium in a European competition. The 2009 UEFA Champions League Final was played at 20:45 CEST on 27 May 2009 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy. Barcelona won the match 2–0, with goals from Samuel Eto'o and Lionel Messi. Barcelona's victory also meant that they became the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10289526", "score": "0.988803", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "was held on 11 December 2017, 12:00 CET.<section end=R16 /> With five English teams in the round of 16, this was the first time five teams from one association qualified for the Champions League knockout phase. <section begin=R16 /> The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018. \"Juventus won 4–3 on aggregate.\" \"Manchester City won 5–2 on aggregate.\" \"Liverpool won 5–0 on aggregate.\" \"Sevilla won 2–1 on aggregate.\" \"Real Madrid won 5–2 on aggregate.\" \"2–2 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210822", "score": "0.98878765", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase", "text": "20 and 21 April, and the second legs on 27 and 28 April 2019. <section begin=F /> The final will be played on 18 May 2019 at the Groupama Arena in Budapest. The \"home\" team for the final (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. <section end=F /> 2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase is scheduled to begin on 12 September 2018 and end on 18 May 2019 with the final at Groupama Arena in Budapest, Hungary, to decide the champions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20739375", "score": "0.9884206", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "text": "i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team advances by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out. In the final, which is played as a single match, if scores are level at the end of normal time, extra time is played, followed by penalty shoot-out if scores remain tied. The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows: <section begin=bracket /> <section end=bracket/> The draw was held on 12 December 2016. The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19600062", "score": "0.9878379", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase", "long_answer": "The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.", "chunked_long_answer": "The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.", "short_answers": [ "16 March 2018" ] }

[ "CeCe Drake" ]

[ { "title": "A (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "partnership and together they built up the \"A-Team\". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second \"A\", Red Coat, and the leader of the \"A-Team\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"A.D.\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists", "text": "and the second spin-off series following \"Ravenswood\". On September 25, 2017, it was announced that Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish had been cast to reprise their roles from mother series \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal, respectively. On January 29, 2018, it was announced that Sofia Carson had been cast in the role of Ava, one of the series' protagonists. On March 9 several cast members were announced with \"Deadline Hollywood\" announcing that Kelly Rutherford best known for CW's \"Gossip Girl\" will be playing Claire Hotchkiss. Furthermore, it was announced that Sydney Park best known for her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20360291", "score": "1.1411071", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6)", "text": "was allegedly leaked on Reddit. The person behind the account claimed to have been fired after being a PA at the set of \"Pretty Little Liars\" after failing a drug test, and could therefore reveal information about the show. Showrunner I. Marlene King took to Instagram, where she posted a picture and reassured the audience that the claims were false and that the identity of 'A' had not been leaked. ABC Family responded to the leaks, stating, \"All of the info on the site is false. No crew member was fired from PLL and we believe it is just a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18651117", "score": "1.0803146", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)", "text": "down the new 'A'. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who has relationship problems with Caleb, while Ashley Benson played Hanna Marin, who was kidnapped at the end of last season. Lucy Hale continued her role as Aria Montgomery as she is set in a love triangle with Ezra and her boyfriend Liam. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who begins to rekindle her relationship with Alison. Sasha Pieterse continued to portray Alison DiLaurentis as Alison struggles with being in a psych-ward. Janel Parrish returned as Mona Vanderwaal who seems to be finally on their side. Tyler Blackburn continues to play Caleb", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19269400", "score": "1.0432453", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars", "text": "Pretty Little Liars Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named \"A\" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets. The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings, Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery, Ashley Benson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14201326", "score": "1.0390289", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (novel)", "text": "DiLaurentis knew). Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15573222", "score": "1.0363462", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (book series)", "text": "face and her neck is caught between rocks. However, a new \"A\" rises, this time even more determined to hurt the Liars. This A is revealed to be Alison herself who wanted revenge on the Liars for ruining her life and Nick, who is revealed to be her accomplice. Pretty Little Liars (book series) Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels have appeared on \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10492166", "score": "1.032894", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (book series)", "text": "she eventually turned into and befriended the Liars up until the night of her infamous disappearance when she was killed and buried by the real Alison DiLaurentis and her accomplice Nick Maxwell. A: A is the main antagonist of the series, being, for the most part, an anonymous character who relentlessly torments many characters, in particular the Liars. Mona Vanderwaal, Alison DiLaurentis and Nick Maxwell are discovered to be A. Mona became A due to Alison and the Liars being responsible for The Jenna Thing, which burned her too. However, she is killed when Spencer pushes her off a cliff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10492165", "score": "1.0300875", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars", "text": "featuring the cast and executive producer King discussing the series ending. On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled \"\", had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively. On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019. In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in \"Pretty Little Liars\" will be resolved during the spin-off. Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14201329", "score": "1.0257893", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e", "text": "announced that Sean Faris would join the show and would be playing Pennsylvania state police officer Gabriel Holbrook. 'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e \"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e\" is the first episode, and the premiere of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", and is the 72nd episode overall, which aired on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The episode was written and directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, marking the second episode King has directed for the TV series. In the episode, Aria, Emily, Hanna, and Spencer try to find answers by questioning Mona about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18748405", "score": "1.0238013", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sara Shepard", "text": "confirmed the cancellation of \"The Lying Game\" in July 2013, after Alexandra Chando had herself announced the news on Twitter and Instagram. Chando starred as the main two characters Sutton Mercer and Emma Becker. On September 27, 2017, it was announced that Shephard’s 2014 book series \"The Perfectionists\" would be as a sequel to the series \"Pretty Little Liars\" which will air on Freeform. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish have confirmed to reprise their role as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. Sofia Carson, Sydney Park, Eli Brown and Kelly Rutherford have confirmed to be cast in \"Pretty Little Liars: The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12521234", "score": "1.0235374", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 2)", "text": "Robinson, and Julian Morris, who will all reprise their roles from the first season. Annabeth Gish appears as Anne Sullivan, a therapist whom the girls' parents feel can help them on their problems.Andrea Parker will play Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother, who returns to Rosewood to help out with a fashion show being held in Alison's honour. Actor Drew Van Acker also joined the cast playing Jason DiLaurentis, replacing Parker Bagley. Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15461435", "score": "1.0212415", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)", "text": "of the series continue the roles. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who struggles with family drama. Ashley Benson continued her role as Hanna Marin, whom finds herself in an identity crisis as a result of Alison's return. Lucy Hale played Aria Montgomery who volunteers to work at Radley Sanitarium in addition to build up her relationship with Ezra. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who is affected the most of Alison's return, which makes her confront her feelings towards Ali. Sasha Pieterse returned as Alison DiLaurentis, who moves back home after being presumably dead the last two years, which makes her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17916500", "score": "1.0173125", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Alison DiLaurentis", "text": "the original series. \"Pretty Little Liars\" is a series of books which revolves around the lives of four teenagers in Rosewood, Pennsylvania whom each struggle with different physical and psychological issues, as well as living in danger because of a dangerous stalker who emerges after the four's best friend and leader Alison DiLaurentis vanishes and is found dead. The twin sisters Alison and Courtney Day-DiLaurentis were born on June 6, 1990, the fruits of a secret sexual relationship between Jessica DiLaurentis and Peter Hastings. They were identical, but completely opposite in personality. Both were popular in her hometown, but Alison", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14831311", "score": "1.0133368", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 3)", "text": "elusive \"A\" that had been creatively and relentlessly tormenting the four main characters, Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale), Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson), and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) for the past year. The first half of the season addresses the issue of whether or not Garrett Reynolds (Yani Gellman) actually killed or was involved in the murder of the girls' former friend and queen bee, Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and who killed Maya St. Germain (Bianca Lawson) in the season two finale, while the second half deals with the reveal that Toby Cavanaugh is a member of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16130496", "score": "1.0099087", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6)", "text": "Brown. However, it was revealed that Davis will instead be playing Sara Harvey, a girl who went missing the same time as Alison. It was announced on April 21, 2015, that Troian Bellisario's real life best friend Lulu Brud Zsebe would appear on the show as Sabrina, which Bellisario commented \"It's a pinch me I'm dreaming scenario.\" On April 24, 2015, it was announced that actor Titus Makin Jr. had joined the cast, as his audition playing Lorenzo was leaked, however on May 27, 2015, it was announced that Travis Winfrey will be the one playing Lorenzo, who will be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18651110", "score": "1.007682", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Is for Answers", "text": "A Is for Answers \"A Is for Answers\" is the twenty-fourth episode of the fourth season and the ninety-fifth episode of the ABC Family mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The episode, serving as the fourth-season finale and the winter finale, was broadcast on March 18, 2014. It was directed and written by I. Marlene King and features a guest appearance from Ryan Merriman, his first since the second-season episode \"The Blond Leading the Blind\", as Ian Thomas, Melissa Hastings' deceased husband who was suspected of killing Alison. In the episode, the girls finally meet up with Alison in Philadelphia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18034932", "score": "1.0043411", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "\"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009. In December 2009, \"The Futon Critic\" confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya. Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" also noted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14891584", "score": "1.0031949", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (novel)", "text": "Pretty Little Liars (novel) Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series. The story introduces an exclusive group of friends: Alison DiLaurentis, the perfect yet manipulative queen bee, Aria Montgomery, an independent girl who is considered to be the weirdo in Rosewood, Emily Fields, a swimmer who holds secret feelings for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15573218", "score": "1.0014706", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Spencer Hastings", "text": "of their classes and having winning essays. Throughout the story, the sisters make up, and in the later books they share a strong bond. Troian Bellisario was cast as Spencer Hastings for the \"Pretty Little Liars\" television series adaptation in November 2009. Spencer is a focused and intelligent girl. Unlike in the books, Spencer is more emotional and sentimental, and has great affection for her family and friends, and is also known to be more humorous than her book counterpart. She's the most academically gifted of her friends, and in the running for valedictorian. Spencer is on the Rosewood Day", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14831263", "score": "0.999407", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Holly Marie Combs", "text": "of the same name. However, that version of the show never made it to air. (ABC later made a version featuring Combs's former \"Charmed\" co-star Alyssa Milano.) In 2010, Combs was cast in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Ella Montgomery, the mother of one of the main characters, Aria Montgomery (played by Lucy Hale). Combs was a series regular for the first three seasons, but became credited as a special guest star from season four onwards. \"Pretty Little Liars\" ended after seven seasons, and Combs returned for the show's final episode on June 27, 2017. Combs and Doherty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2583105", "score": "0.99832153", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars", "text": "characters' secrets. On May 23, 2011, Andrea Parker signed up to appear as Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother. On June 29, 2011, it was announced that Natalie Hall would be replacing Natalie Floyd as Hanna's soon-to-be stepsister, Kate. On January 30, 2012, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that Tyler Blackburn had been promoted to series regular for the third season. In March 2012, Janel Parrish was also promoted from recurring to series regular for the third season. On March 16, 2016, \"TVLine\" reported that Andrea Parker was added as a series regular for the seventh season. \"Pretty Little Liars\" was called one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14201335", "score": "0.9979012", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars", "text": "Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009. In December 2009, The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya. Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14201333", "score": "0.9945041", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)", "text": "the attention of the town. Janel Parrish played Mona Vanderwaal, who starts a group against Alison. Tyler Blackburn returned to the series as Caleb Rivers after playing the same character on \"Ravenswood\", while Ian Harding continued his role as Ezra Fitz who is almost killed after being shot in the abdomen by Shana. In addition, Laura Leighton played Ashley Marin, Hanna's mom. On March 12, 2014, it was announced that Tyler Blackburn would be returning as a series regular on the show after leaving halfway through the fourth season for the sister show; \"Ravenswood\", and would return in the 100th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17916501", "score": "0.99403197", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. In the episode, the girls plan to expose Ian as Alison's murderer after finding video files of them changing in their rooms. Meanwhile, each of the girls", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17937516", "score": "0.99401903", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Brant Daugherty", "text": "a trip to Amsterdam. Brant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's \"Army Wives\" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film \"The Starving Games\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15192630", "score": "0.9938501", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Drew Van Acker", "text": "was announced he had joined the cast of \"Pretty Little Liars\" for the second season to replace Parker Bagley, who played Jason DiLaurentis during the first season. He has been cast on Lifetime's show \"Devious Maids\" as Remi Delatour. Drew Van Acker Drew Van Acker (born April 2, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jason DiLaurentis, the older brother of Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) on ABC Family's \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017) and Ian Archer in Cartoon Network's \"Tower Prep\" (2010). He has also starred as Remi Delatour on Lifetime's \"Devious Maids\" (2013–2015), and as Detective", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14984446", "score": "0.99261695", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Melissa Hastings", "text": "Melissa Hastings Melissa Hastings is a fictional character in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" franchise. Created in 2006 by Sara Shepard for the book series, the character was later reworked by I. Marlene King, the developer of the television series, in which she is portrayed by Torrey DeVitto. An antiheroine, Melissa is primarily sister to protagonist Spencer Hastings, and the daughter of Peter and Veronica Hastings. She is a fierce woman who does everything to succeed in her life goals. In print, she is a guest character, while on screen Melissa has a much bigger presence in the story. Melissa has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14858689", "score": "0.99250877", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mary Drake", "text": "Mary Drake Mary Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Andrea Parker in the American television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". \"Pretty Little Liars\" is a television adaptation of the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard, in which the antagonist Alison DiLaurentis has an identical twin sister, Courtney DiLaurentis. It is believed that Mary is the on-screen counterpart of Courtney, though her recent characterization is more in line with Alison. The character makes her first official introduction during the sixth-season finale \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\". The Liars discover that Mary is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19395221", "score": "0.99110806", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Laura Leighton", "text": "been cast in a lead role in the TV series \"Pretty Little Liars\", a TV adaptation of a book of the same name by Sara Shepard as Ashley Marin, the mother of Hanna Marin played by Ashley Benson, one of the four main characters on the show. Leighton stayed with \"Pretty Little Liars\" for all seven seasons until the show's end in June 2017. Following her performance in the second season of \"Melrose Place\", Leighton was featured on the cover of \"Entertainment Weekly\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 1994 Fall TV Preview issue. She appeared on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" with her co-stars Heather", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3206377", "score": "0.9873393", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "A (Pretty Little Liars)", "long_answer": "After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original \"A\", she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the \"A-Team\". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second \"A\", Red Coat, and the leader of the \"A-Team\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"A.D.\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, \"A.D.\" reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer.", "chunked_long_answer": "partnership and together they built up the \"A-Team\". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second \"A\", Red Coat, and the leader of the \"A-Team\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"A.D.\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then,", "short_answers": [ "CeCe Drake" ] }

[ "1987" ]

[ { "title": "History of sustainability", "text": "In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable, but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity’s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of sustainability", "text": "it provides an inclusive and ethical economic model for society. A plethora of new concepts to help implement and measure sustainability are becoming more widely accepted including the car-free movement, smart growth (more sustainable urban environments), life cycle assessment (the cradle to cradle analysis of resource use and environmental impact over the life cycle of a product or process), ecological footprint analysis, green building, dematerialization (increased recycling of materials), decarbonisation (removing dependence on fossil fuels) and much more. The work of Bina Agarwal and Vandana Shiva amongst many others, has brought some of the cultural wisdom of traditional, sustainable agrarian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13716828", "score": "1.0638022", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Sustainability in construction", "text": "policy was based on energy, mineral resources, land use and biodiversity, and they defined sustainable construction as \"a way of building which aims at reducing (negative) health and environmental impacts caused by the construction process or by buildings or by the built-up environment.\" Definitions of \"sustainable construction\" include: Sustainability is not a new concept in the construction industry. The emergence of the awareness of sustainability at modern time was back to 1970 s when the oil crises happened. It was at that time when people started to realize the necessity and urgency to conserve energy, to utilize energy in an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21007376", "score": "1.0451845", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Sustainability at American Colleges and Universities", "text": "Claire, Perrault and Clark found that about one-third of students surveyed did not know their campus had a Student Office of Sustainability, and nearly 80% did not know their own student fees were being used to pay for its $200,000 annual budget since its inception in 2011. When asked to define the term \"sustainability,\" students also had a fairly uni-dimensional understanding of the concept - with the majority discussing the importance of simply maintaining the status-quo. While environmental factors were noted in about one-third of responses, the social and economic factors of the sustainability triad were largely not mentioned. If", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16041934", "score": "1.0445225", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "History of sustainability", "text": "History of sustainability The history of sustainability traces human-dominated ecological systems from the earliest civilizations to the present. This history is characterized by the increased regional success of a particular society, followed by crises that were either resolved, producing sustainability, or not, leading to decline. In early human history, the use of fire and desire for specific foods may have altered the natural composition of plant and animal communities. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agrarian communities emerged which depended largely on their environment and the creation of a \"structure of permanence\". The Western industrial revolution of the 18th to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13716812", "score": "1.0398488", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sustainable industries", "text": "Sustainable industries The phrase sustainable industries is related to the development of industrial processes in a sustainable way. The earliest mention of the phrase \"sustainable industries\" appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. Soon after, a study entitled “Jobs in a Sustainable Economy” by Michael Renner of the Worldwatch Institute was published, using the term \"sustainable industries\". This 1991 report concluded, \"Contrary to the jobs-versus-owls rhetoric that blames environmental restrictions for layoffs, the movement toward an environmentally sustainable global economy will create far more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1956025", "score": "1.0352085", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Regenerative design", "text": "all sectors increasing rapidly each year. In the book \"Regenerative Development and Design: A Framework for Evolving Sustainability\", the Regenesis Group asserts that the sustainability “debate is shifting from whether we should work on sustainability to how we’re going to get it done.” Sustainability was first viewed as a “steady state of equilibrium” in which there was a balance between inputs and outputs with the idea that sustainable practices meant future resources were not compromised by current processes. As this idea of sustainability and sustainable building has become more widely accepted and adopted, the idea of “net-zero” and even “net-positive”", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11369109", "score": "1.0338126", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Sustainable national income", "text": "sustainable situation. If the distance decreases then we are on the road to environmental sustainability, the part of the production that is based on unsustainable use of the environment decreases. If the distance increases then we are drifting further away from sustainability. The original concept of ´sustainability´ refers to an equilibrium relation between human activities and their physical surroundings and has a long tradition going back to the nineteenth century. The sustainable national income is based on a definition of sustainability in conformity with this. The original concept of sustainability is introduced in the international discussion by 1980 publication of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7289038", "score": "1.0322646", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sustainable development", "text": "the development of the environmental movement in the 1960s. Following the publication of Rachel Carson's \"Silent Spring\" in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and development and environmental degradation. Kenneth E. Boulding in his influential 1966 essay \"The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth\" identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources. One of the first uses of the term sustainable in the contemporary sense was by the Club of Rome in 1972 in its classic report on the \"Limits to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "403429", "score": "1.0320613", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sustainability in construction", "text": "\"the creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resource efficient and ecological principles.\" The definition of \"Sustainable Construction\" is a living concept and varies in different scenarios based on peoples’ needs. Taken as the starting point, the definition above has been reinterpreted and expanded based on different approaches and priorities from country to country. In a study led by the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and carried out with the collaboration of experts from countries around the world, different definitions were given. For example, in the Netherlands, the government sustainable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21007375", "score": "1.0302157", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Sustainability", "text": "building, sustainable agriculture), or work practices (sustainable architecture), using science to develop new technologies (green technologies, renewable energy and sustainable fission and fusion power), or designing systems in a flexible and reversible manner, and adjusting individual lifestyles that conserve natural resources. \"The term 'sustainability' should be viewed as humanity's target goal of human-ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while 'sustainable development' refers to the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the end point of sustainability.\" (305) Despite the increased popularity of the use of the term \"sustainability\", the possibility that human societies will achieve environmental sustainability has been, and continues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12198325", "score": "1.0285717", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Sustainability in construction", "text": "Sustainability in construction Sustainability during the construction phase is one of the aspects of “green building,\" defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as \"the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.\" While \"sustainable development\" had already been discussed for years, \"sustainable \"construction\"\" was first coined by Professor Charles J. Kibert in a 1994 conference, the Final Session of the First International Conference of CIB TG 16 on Sustainable Construction in Tampa, Florida. Kibert defined \"sustainable construction\" as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21007374", "score": "1.0281547", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sustainability advertising", "text": "arose” and were later accompanied by an intensive mediatization of environmental issues in the 1980s. For example: the discovery of the ´hole in the ozone layer` in 1985 and Chernobyl in 1986. By this time, green marketing and environmental marketing concepts were built up and elements from the product life cycle assessment (associated with environmental marketing) as well as destruction of ecosystems and poverty in developing countries (associated with green marketing) were considered in the advertising campaigns. Lately, the concept of sustainability advertising has evolved as it is defined in the first part of this article. It has encountered critics,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7851104", "score": "1.0260938", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sustainability", "text": "that were now being enjoyed. In the late 20th century, environmental problems became global in scale. The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on non-renewable energy resources. In the 21st century, there is increasing global awareness of the threat posed by the human greenhouse effect, produced largely by forest clearing and the burning of fossil fuels. The philosophical and analytic framework of sustainability draws on and connects with many different disciplines and fields; in recent years an area that has come to be called sustainability science has emerged. Sustainability is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12198340", "score": "1.0220549", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sustainable urbanism", "text": "management, which denote the processes of planning, designing, and building urban settlements that are more sustainable than if they were not planned according to sustainability criteria and principles . The origin of the term sustainable urbanism has been attributed to Professor Susan Owens of Cambridge University in the UK in the 1990s, according to her doctoral student and now professor of architecture Phillip Tabb. The first university graduate program named Sustainable Urbanism was founded by professors Michael Neuman and Phillip Tabb at Texas A&M University in 2002 . There are now dozens of university programs with that name worldwide. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16084989", "score": "1.0205662", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Students of Sustainability", "text": "Students of Sustainability Students of Sustainability (SoS) is an annual conference of the Australian student environment and social justice movement and predates the Australian Student Environment Network (ASEN). The first Students of Sustainability conference was held at ANU in 1991 when it was called Students, Science and Sustainability. The name changed in 1995 to Students and Sustainability and then again in 2003 to Students of Sustainability. In each case the name changes were to make the conference open to a wider range of participants. Students of Sustainability always runs in July co-currently with NAIDOC week, Aboriginal and Islander politics and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8318663", "score": "1.0193533", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sustainable community", "text": "of places, ranging from neighborhoods to watersheds to cities to multi-state regions. Etymologically, the term “sustainable community” grew out of the related discourses of “sustainability” and “sustainable development” that gained widespread use among local, national, and international politicians and policymakers in NGOs starting in the late 1980s. The term originally referred to environmental concerns and was later applied to cities. The best example of a real Sustainable Community is Saint Michael's Sustainable Community in Costa Rica. The community produces far more food and water then it needs. It uses regenerative agriculture as a base to live in harmony with nature.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6963108", "score": "1.0187361", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "History of sustainability", "text": "late 19th century Eugenius Warming was the first botanist to study physiological relations between plants and their environment, heralding the scientific discipline of ecology. By the 20th century, the industrial revolution had led to an exponential increase in the human consumption of resources. The increase in health, wealth and population was perceived as a simple path of progress. However, in the 1930s economists began developing models of non-renewable resource management (see Hotelling's rule) and the sustainability of welfare in an economy that uses non-renewable resources (Hartwick's rule). Ecology had now gained general acceptance as a scientific discipline, and many concepts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13716820", "score": "1.018616", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sustainability at American Colleges and Universities", "text": "Sustainability at American Colleges and Universities Sustainability, as defined by the 1983 Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), states “development which implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. As sustainability gains support worldwide, universities across the United States have begun to take initiatives toward more sustainable campuses. Alongside student-run projects, drastic changes in administration, energy efficiency, and food and recycling have sprung up in Ivy League schools and liberal arts colleges alike. The American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment is an evident", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16041879", "score": "1.0177863", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sustainability metrics and indices", "text": "performance of products and services through all phases of their life cycle: extracting and processing raw materials; manufacturing, transportation and distribution; use, re-use, maintenance; recycling, and final disposal. Building on the work of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, businesses began to see the needs of environmental and social systems as opportunities for business development and contribution to stakeholder value. This approach has manifested itself in three key areas of strategic intent: 'sustainable innovation', human development, and 'bottom of the pyramid' business strategies. Now, as businesses have begun the shift toward sustainable enterprise, many business schools are leading the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11889111", "score": "1.0166754", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of sustainability", "text": "must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity’s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their needs only by importing resources from other nations. A move toward sustainable living by increasing public awareness and adoption of recycling, and renewable energies emerged. The development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13716825", "score": "1.0154214", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sustainability in New Zealand", "text": "Values Party formed, being the first national level Green party. The New Zealand government has enacted legislation to enshrine sustainability principles in law, notably the Resource Management Act 1991. It was a landmark piece of legislation, being the first to adopt the principle of sustainability. In 2003 the government announced the Sustainable Development Programme of Action. and the Govt programme was also announced that year but was cancelled in March 2009. As with many other countries there were demand for sustainable products and services and some companies began filling this demand. In March 2007 the Westpac bank became the \"first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13953636", "score": "1.0146393", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Weak and strong sustainability", "text": "factor of production. However, it only really came into the mainstream in the 1990s within the context of sustainable development discourse. At its inception, sustainability was interpreted as a requirement to preserve, intact, the environment as we find it today in all its forms. The Brundtland Report, for example, stated that ‘The loss of plant and animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations. The result is that sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species’. Wilfred Beckerman posits that the absolutist concept of sustainable development given above is morally repugnant. The largest part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16049127", "score": "1.0140101", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Sustainability science", "text": "Sustainability science Sustainability science emerged in the 21st century as a new academic discipline. This new field of science was officially introduced with a \"Birth Statement\" at the World Congress \"Challenges of a Changing Earth 2001\" in Amsterdam organized by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The field reflects a desire to give the generalities and broad-based approach of “sustainability” a stronger analytic and scientific underpinning as it \"brings together scholarship and practice, global and local perspectives from north", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12085212", "score": "1.0139056", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Copper in architecture", "text": "to kill harmful bacteria. See: a list of products approved in the U.S. While a universally accepted definition of sustainability remains elusive, the Brundtland Commission of the United Nations defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability, the long-term maintenance of responsibility, requires the reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands. These \"three pillars\" of sustainability encompass the responsible management of resource use. Also, it can mean that we can use a resource which won't cease to be abundant despite increasing intake.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16522620", "score": "1.0127147", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Sustainable business", "text": "the needs of the present [world] without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It is the process of assessing how to design products that will take advantage of the current environmental situation and how well a company’s products perform with renewable resources. The Brundtland Report emphasized that sustainability is a three-legged stool of people, planet, and profit. Sustainable businesses with the supply chain try to balance all three through the triple-bottom-line concept—using sustainable development and sustainable distribution to affect the environment, business growth, and the society. Everyone affects the sustainability of the marketplace and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5550969", "score": "1.0107423", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Sustainability", "text": "to raise the global standard of living without increasing the use of resources beyond globally sustainable levels; that is, to not exceed \"one planet\" consumption. Information generated by reports at the national, regional and city scales confirm the global trend towards societies that are becoming less sustainable over time. Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, a progenitor in economics and a paradigm founder of ecological economics, has argued that the carrying capacity of Earth — that is, Earth's capacity to sustain human populations and consumption levels — is bound to decrease sometime in the future as Earth's finite stock of mineral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12198354", "score": "1.0080454", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Applied sustainability", "text": "social sciences, to ensure a better quality of life for all, now and into the future whilst living within the limits of supporting ecosystems. This comes from the definition of Just Sustainability, which is “the egalitarian conception of sustainable development\". It generates an improved definition of sustainable development as \"the need to ensure a better quality of life for all, now and into the future, in a just and equitable manner, whilst living within the limits of supporting ecosystems\". This new form of sustainable development prioritizes justice and equity, while maintaining the importance of the environment and the global life", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12146308", "score": "1.0072865", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Sustainable consumption", "text": "Sustainable consumption As a compliment to analyses of production and its processes, Sustainable Consumption (SC) is the study of resource and energy use (domestic or otherwise). As the term sustainability would imply, those who study SC seek to apply the concept of “continuance”—the capacity to meet both present and future human generational needs. SC, then, would also include analyses of efficiency, infrastructure, and waste, as well as access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all. It shares a number of common features with and is closely linked to the terms sustainable production", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12101870", "score": "1.0050967", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Triple bottom line", "text": "and environmental factors. The phrase, \"people, planet, and profit\" to describe the triple bottom line and the goal of sustainability, was coined by John Elkington in 1994 while at Sustain Ability, and was later used as the title of the Anglo-Dutch oil company Shell's first sustainability report in 1997. As a result, one country in which the 3P concept took deep root was The Netherlands. The people, social equity, or human capital bottom line pertains to fair and beneficial business practices toward labour and the community and region in which a corporation conducts its business. A TBL company conceives a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2111709", "score": "1.0040967", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "History of sustainability", "long_answer": "In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable, but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity’s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their needs only by importing resources from other nations. A move toward sustainable living by increasing public awareness and adoption of recycling, and renewable energies emerged. The development of renewable sources of energy in the 1970s and '80s, primarily in wind turbines and photovoltaics and increased use of hydroelectricity, presented some of the first sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel and nuclear energy generation, the first large-scale solar and wind power plants appearing during the 1980s and '90s. Also at this time many local and state governments in developed countries began to implement small-scale sustainability policies.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable, but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity’s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their", "short_answers": [ "1987" ] }

[ "Cincinnati" ]

[ { "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "text": "As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital. It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "text": "a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play \"Iphigenia at Aulis\" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19701181", "score": "1.3669868", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "text": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer The Killing of a Sacred Deer is a 2017 psychological thriller film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, from a screenplay by Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou. It stars Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Barry Keoghan, Raffey Cassidy, Sunny Suljic, Alicia Silverstone, and Bill Camp. The story is based on the ancient Greek play \"Iphigenia at Aulis\" by Euripides. The film follows a cardiac surgeon (Farrell) who secretly befriends a teenage boy (Keoghan) with a connection to his past. He introduces the boy to his family, who begin to fall mysteriously ill. \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19701171", "score": "1.3171687", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "text": "at the Cannes Film Festival on May 22, 2017. Lanthimos and Filippou won the Best Screenplay award at the festival. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017 and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating 80%, based on 241 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\" continues director Yorgos Lanthimos' stubbornly idiosyncratic streak—and demonstrates again that he is a talent not to be ignored.\" On Metacritic, which assigns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19701180", "score": "1.3164799", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "text": "was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017, by A24, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017, by Curzon Artificial Eye. It has received positive reviews, and grossed over $6 million worldwide. Steven Murphy, a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, finishes an open heart surgery, and goes to a diner where he meets a teenage boy named Martin. Afterward, Steven returns home to his wife, Anna, and their children, Kim and Bob. He later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19701172", "score": "1.2483978", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Favourite (film)", "text": "actors] to not take themselves too seriously, learn the text in a physical way by doing completely irrelevant things to what the scene is about, just be comfortable about making a fool of themselves.” Filming was expected to begin in the spring of 2016, but was pushed back a year, during which time Lanthimos directed \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\" (2017). Principal photography began in March 2017 at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire and concluded in May 2017. Lanthimos stated that a major reason for filming at the Hatfield House was because \"From the beginning, I had this image of these", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19220508", "score": "1.2407674", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Taloka", "text": "kill the last female deer in the herd. The female deer died along with two of her unborn fawns. Bhai Taloka was very upset watching the tragic scene in front of him. His intention was to kill just one deer and not three! He went home and as it was nearly 5:30 pm, started to recite Rehras Paath; the scenes of the killed female deer and her unborn calves were flashing before his eyes and he could not concentrate on Paath. Just before falling asleep, Bhai Sahib ji recited Kirtan Sohila, and again the tragic scene of the three dead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9966556", "score": "1.0553691", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tracey Deer", "text": "Tracey Deer Tracey Penelope Tekahentakwa Deer (born February 28, 1978) is a Mohawk film director and newspaper publisher. Deer has written and directed several award-winning projects for the Aboriginal-run film and television production company, Rezolution Pictures, as well as her own independent short work. Tracey Deer was born in 1978 and grew up in a large, close knit family in Kahnawake, a Mohawk reserve in Quebec, Canada, south of the St. Lawrence River across from Montreal. After attending local schools, Karonhianhnonha School Elementary and Queen of Angels Academy, she went to Dartmouth College, in New Hampshire, USA where she graduated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14089085", "score": "1.0432091", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Thimios Bakatakis", "text": "and crawl through hospital corridors, like the lurking spirits in \"The Shining\" – all low-angle prowls and ghostly high glides\". Lanthimos noted that the camera moves more in \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\" than many of his other films, saying that he \"felt the need for the camera to be almost like another entity\" during pre-production and location scouting. He elaborated that he \"thought of these high angles, or very low angles, with the camera following people around, creeping from below or above\", which ended up working well, with the film's many scenes at a hospital and its numerous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20454249", "score": "1.0425062", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Jancita Eagle Deer", "text": "convicted of vehicular manslaughter for killing a motorcyclist in South Dakota in 2003. He died of terminal brain cancer on January 12, 2012. Jancita Eagle Deer Jancita Eagle Deer (1952 – April 4, 1975) was a Brulé Lakota who lived on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota. She was notable for accusing William Janklow of having raped her in January 1967 when he was a poverty lawyer and Director of the Rosebud Sioux Legal Services program on the reservation. She had worked as his babysitter. At the time the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the Federal Bureau of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15657966", "score": "1.0359675", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jim Corbett National Park", "text": "noise, littering and causing disturbances in general. In 2007, the naturalist and photographer Kahini Ghosh Mehta made the first comprehensive travel guide on Corbett National Park. The film, titled \"Wild Saga of Corbett\", shows how tourists can contribute to conservation efforts. A major incident in the history of the reserve followed the construction of a dam at the Kalagarh river and the submerging of of prime low lying riverine area. The consequences ranged from local extinction of swamp deer to a massive reduction in hog deer population. The reservoir formed due to the submerging of land has also led to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1982462", "score": "1.0312791", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Deer in mythology", "text": "gods in Shinto, especially Kasuga Shrine in Nara Prefecture where a white deer had arrived from Kashima Shrine as its divine messenger. It has become a symbol of the city of Nara. Deer in Itsukushima Shrine, located in Miyajima, Hiroshima, are also sacred as divine messengers. In various parts of Northeast Japan, a deer dance called \"Shishi-odori\" has been traditionally performed as an annual shinto ritual. Quintus Sertorius, while a general in Lusitania, had a tame white stag which he had raised nearly from birth. Playing on the superstitions of the local tribes, he told them that it had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2780388", "score": "1.0293301", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Sacred Ground (film)", "text": "Sacred Ground (film) Sacred Ground is a 1983 western adventure film directed by Charles B. Pierce and starring Tim McIntire, Jack Elam and L. Q. Jones. The film was shot in several outdoor locations in Oregon. Set in the year 1861, Matt Colter, a mountain man is traveling across the great divide with his young Indian bride, Little Doe. They cross paths with a Paiute party, a beautiful young woman Wannetta watches the mountain man and his pretty Indian bride. Ostracized by the white and Indian community, they are forced to leave and find a new home. They come across", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10798169", "score": "1.0291972", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Alicia Silverstone", "text": "modest US$40.1 million worldwide, it emerged as Silverstone's most widely-seen film since \"Beauty Shop\" (2005). In the psychological thriller \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\", directed by Yorgos Lanthimos and co-starring Colin Farrell and Nicole Kidman, Silverstone took on the role of a widow and the mother of a mysterious boy who befriends his late father's cardiac surgeon. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 70th Cannes Film Festival and was an arthouse success. Casting director Francine Maisler choose Silverstone after seeing her star in a previous play; her two-scene appearance was filmed in one day, and she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "782636", "score": "1.0203202", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Deer (1974 film)", "text": "which overthrow the regime of Shah took place in 1978 - 1979. Dilip Hiro, author of \"Iran Under the Ayatollahs\", said that the film, \"passed the censors with considerable difficulty.\" The film was shown at the Cinema Rex; during one showing the cinema was intentionally set on fire as a terrorist attack during the Irani Revolution. The Deer (1974 film) The Deer (; \"Gavaznha\" or \"Gavaznhā\") is a 1974 drama Iranian film directed by Masoud Kimiai and one of the most acclaimed Persian movies before the Iranian revolution starring Behrouz Vossoughi, the most famous Iranian male actor before the revolution", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12676077", "score": "1.0195336", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Keibul Lamjao National Park", "text": "the park which was initially declared to be a sanctuary in 1966, was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 through a gazette notification. The act has generated local support and public awareness. The film \"The Return of Sangai\" (Manipuri \"Sangai Hallakpa\") by the Manipur Forest Department gives a deep insight of Sangai and Keibul Lamjao National Park The brow-antlered deer, which was first discovered in Manipur in 1839 and named \"Cervus eldi eldi\" in 1844 in honour of Lt. Percy Eld – a British officer, was reported an extinct species in 1951. It was re–discovered in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3281175", "score": "1.0170203", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Eld's deer", "text": "children's magazine called \"Chandamama\", which gives a first-person symbolic narrative by the affected 'deer' itself. The final conclusion by the deer, quoted below, concisely puts the security provided in the park in a proper perspective. \" 'Thanks to these youngsters who live nearby', he said. I was happy and felt indebted to the youngsters for saving our lives. My friend added that these people really loved and respected the Sangai deer. They believed that killing the Sangai was an unpardonable sin. According to a Meitei legend, the Sangai are the link between humans and nature. So, killing us would mean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3281101", "score": "1.0160396", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hart Merriam Schultz", "text": "to practice his art. While at the Canyon, he met Thomas Moran, who encouraged the young man to pursue his art. In 1909 he went to Los Angeles, where he began working in the fledgling film industry, appearing in the one-reelers of James Young Deer. Young Deer was the first American Indian filmmaker and producer in Hollywood, making films for Pathe Films. While in Los Angeles, he was reunited with his father, who had remarried in 1907. He lived with his father and step-mother while in Los Angeles. After his brief stint in film, due to the influence of Thomas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19976401", "score": "1.0156984", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Nara Park", "text": "to a visit from Takemikazuchi-no-mikoto, one of the four gods of Kasuga Shrine. He was said to have been invited from Kashima Shrine in present-day Ibaraki Prefecture, and appeared on Mount Mikasa (also known as Mount Wakakusa) riding a white deer. From that point, the deer were considered divine and sacred by both Kasuga Shrine and Kōfuku-ji. Killing one of these sacred deer was a capital offense punishable by death up until 1637, the last recorded date of a breach of that law. After World War II, the deer were officially stripped of their sacred/divine status, and were instead designated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9839079", "score": "1.0153371", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Prabhas Patan", "text": "This location is a very peaceful and amazing, yet underrated - Many famous temples are located on the banks of Triveni Ghat. Dehotsarg - Krishna, reclining under a pipal tree was shot in the foot by a Bhil huntsman named Jara who had mistaken him for a deer. Limping a long way eastward, Shri Krishna reached the bank of the river Hiranya just above the triveni sangam, and breathed his last in a small cave. His body was taken to the triveni sangam and cremated there. The site where he was shot is known as Bhalka Tirtha, and the site", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6243594", "score": "1.0114276", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Land of the Tiger", "text": "wildlife of India's central forests and grasslands, the stronghold of the Bengal tiger. Much of the footage is from the Kanha National Park, a protected reserve. Here, the characters of Kipling's \"Jungle Book\" can still be observed, among them the sloth bear, wolf, dhole, and tiger. Many of the animals are sacred or revered by Hindus, including elephants, monkeys, peacocks and snakes. A female tiger with young cubs is filmed. To provide for her cubs, she must hunt. Spotted deer (or chital) are her favourite prey, but although distracted by the rut, her first hunt is unsuccessful. In the afternoon,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11401549", "score": "1.0099193", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "James Young Deer", "text": "Omaha, she was a member of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska through her parents Mitchell St. Cyr and Julia Decora. St. Cyr was best known for her lead role in \"The Squaw Man\" (1914 film). Young Deer began acting in 1909 in New York in several one-reel Westerns that year. Among the film companies for which he worked were Kalem, Lubin, Vitagraph, and Biograph. He worked at one of the first independent film companies, the New York Motion Picture Company, under the Bison trademark. In 1910, Young Deer was hired to direct for Pathé Frères. The French-based studio in Jersey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12006186", "score": "1.0097367", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Wildlife Protection Society of India", "text": "poaching and the illegal trade in tiger parts.), Birds of the Indian Monsoon (a 45-minute film on the lives of Kepladeo Sanctuary’s birds), The Killing Fields: Orissa’s Appalling Turtle Crisis (a documentary on the mass slaughter of olive ridley sea turtles along the coast of Orissa) and “…And Then There Were None” (a short documentary film which investigates the rampant poaching of otters in India). Wildlife Protection Society of India The Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) was founded in 1994 by Belinda Wright, its Executive Director, who was an award-winning wildlife photographer and filmmaker till she took up the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13218642", "score": "1.0050232", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sacred Falls State Park", "text": "to the demigod associated with the location. Kaliuwaa, also known as Sacred Falls, is the valley, the perpendicular cliffs, streams, and falls (Sacred Falls), located in Hauula, Oahu. A short distance below the falls is a trough-like gouge up the cliff where the pig demigod, Kama-puaa, is believed to have leaned against the cliff so that members of his family might climb up his body and escape their enemies. The stream and valley are also called Kaluanui. The park was closed indefinitely after a fatal rockfall on May 9, 1999 that killed eight hikers and injured many others, in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5971708", "score": "0.99223065", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Territory of White Deer", "text": "the deer park (Martin Růžek), former poacher (Jiří Sovák), manager of local restaurant (Oldřich Vlach), designer planning a motorway (Miroslav Etzler) and a couple of others. Stella Zázvorková performed a local widow, as well as Jana Hlaváčová, who works hard to repay financial debt the manager of restaurant. Ondřej Vetchý performed a lover of local teacher. Some parts of the story were narrated by Viktor Preiss (voiceover). Filming location included South-Bohemian town Třeboň and Deer Park Žehušice near Kutná Hora. The series was screened on Czechoslovak Television, on German ZDF, Super RTL and Kinderkanal and several times on Czech Television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8461734", "score": "0.99199164", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Lame Deer, Montana", "text": "National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center, which works to prevent family violence, is located in Lame Deer. The Lame Deer High School Morningstars play in the 3B conference with the Baker Spartans, Colstrip Colts, Forsyth Dogies, St. Labre Braves, and Broadus Hawks. Lame Deer, Montana Lame Deer (Meaveʼhoʼeno in Cheyenne) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana. The community is named after Miniconjou Lakota chief Lame Deer, who was killed by the U.S. Army in 1877 under a flag of truce south of the town. It is the tribal and government agency headquarters of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1134781", "score": "0.99052286", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Chander Pahar (film)", "text": "the shooting, where the crew members stayed. They were surrounded by electric fences because lions may destroy them if angry and it has occurred before. Other than lions and Black mamba, shooting featured other wild animals such as Python, hyena, crocodile, cheetah, hippopotamus, Puff adder, viper and wild scorpions, some of which are extremely venomous. \"Every animal will be shot real and alive with no use of computer graphics!\" said Dev. A 22-year-old Bengali boy named Sundar trained the hyenas. There is so much risk in the shooting that the crew is bound to keep mobile phones and ambulances so", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17201959", "score": "0.9864502", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Deer Hunter", "text": "in the production, nearly halfway through principal photography, Cimino was already over budget, and producer Spikings could tell from the script that shooting the extended scene could sink the project. The bar was specially constructed in an empty storefront in Mingo Junction, Ohio for $25,000; it later became an actual saloon for local steel mill workers. U.S. Steel allowed filming inside its Cleveland mill, including placing the actors around the furnace floor, only after securing a $5 million insurance policy. Other filming took place in Pittsburgh. The first deer to be shot was depicted in a \"gruesome close-up\", although he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "809099", "score": "0.9849639", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sun goddess of Arinna", "text": "a sitting goddess with a halo may also be depictions of her. The deer was sacred to the Sun goddess and Queen Puduḫepa promised to give her many deer in her prayers. Cultic vessels in the shape of a deer presumably were used for worship of the Sun goddess. It is also believed that the golden deer statuettes from the Early Bronze Age, which were found in the middle of the Kızılırmak River and belong to the Hattian cultural period, ere associated with the cult of the Sun goddess. The name Ištanu is the Hittite form of the Hattian name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19894158", "score": "0.9843403", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Amit Jethwa", "text": "He also highlighted the use of a Chinkara deer in a scene in the movie \"Lagaan\" and opposed a Bhuj court decision which stayed an inquiry against the actor-director Aamir Khan. He campaigned vigorously against corruption among officers of the Indian Forest Service, and opposed malafide application of article 356 of the. In 2007, he drew attention to the mysterious deaths of lions in Gir Forest including three that were shot within a few hundred meters of the Babariya forest guard outpost. Claiming that \"Such a thing cannot be possible without support of some forest officials\", Jethwa sought the suspension", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14758054", "score": "0.9838696", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "The Killing of a Sacred Deer", "long_answer": "As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital. It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.", "chunked_long_answer": "As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital. It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods. The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.", "short_answers": [ "Cincinnati" ] }

[ "16.5 quadrillion BTUs", "30.4%" ]

[ { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "Coal power in the United States accounted for 39% of the country's electricity production at utility-scale facilities in 2014, 33% in 2015, and 30.4% in 2016 Coal supplied 16.5 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy to electric power plants in 2013, which made up nearly 92% of coal's contribution to energy supply. Utilities buy more than 90 percent of the coal consumed in the United States.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Coal mining in the United States", "text": "278 GW in 2000). Actual power generated from coal in 2006 was 227.1 GW (1.991 trillion kilowatt-hours per year), the highest in the world and still slightly ahead of China (1.95 trillion kilowatt-hours per year) at that time. In 2000, US production of electricity from coal was 224.3 GW (1.966 trillion kilowatt-hours per year). In 2006, the US consumed or 92.3% of coal mined for electricity generation. As of 2013, domestic coal consumption for power production was being displaced by natural gas, but production from strip mines utilizing thick deposits in the western United States such as the Powder River", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12403766", "score": "1.0909016", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Coal mining in the United States", "text": "(1,047 million short tons) and the amount of US electricity generated from coal (2.02 million GWh) peaked in 2007. By 2015, electrical generation from coal had declined to 1.36 million GWh, and coal's share of total electrical generation in the US fell from 48.5 percent in 2007 to 33.1 percent in 2015. Most of the decrease in coal electricity was offset by an increase in generation from natural gas-fired power plants. In 2006, there were 1,493 coal-powered generating units at electrical utilities across the US, with total nominal capacity of 335.8 GW (compared to 1024 units at nominal capacity of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12403765", "score": "1.090688", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "in 1997 to 45% in 2009. In 2009, there were 1436 coal-powered units at the electrical utilities across the US, with a total nominal capacity of 338.732 GW (compared to 1024 units at nominal 278 GW in 2000). The actual average generated power from coal in 2006 was 227.1 GW (1.991 trillion kilowatt-hours per year), the highest in the world and still slightly ahead of China (1.95 trillion kilowatt-hours per year) at that time. In 2000, the US average production of electricity from coal was 224.3 GW (1.966 trillion kilowatt-hours for the year). In 2006, US electrical generation consumed or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080621", "score": "1.0874405", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "facilities hold the noncombustible ingredients of coal and the ash trapped by equipment designed to reduce air pollution. Byproducts of coal plants have been linked to acid rain. 86 coal powered plants have a capacity of 107.1 GW, or 9.9% of total U.S. electric capacity, they emitted 5,389,592 tons of SO in 2006 – which represents 28.6% of U.S. SO emissions from all sources. Emissions from electricity generation account for the largest share of U.S. greenhouse gases, 38.9% of U.S. production of carbon dioxide in 2006 (with transportation emissions close behind, at 31%). Although coal power only accounted for 49%", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080627", "score": "1.0794528", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "92.3% of the coal mined in the US. Due to emergence of shale gas, coal consumption declined from 2009. In the first quarter of 2012, the use of coal for electricity generation declined substantially more, 21% from 2011 levels. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 27 gigawatts of capacity from coal-fired generators is to be retired from 175 coal-fired power plants between 2012 and 2016. Natural gas showed a corresponding increase, increasing by a third over 2011. Coal's share of electricity generation dropped to just over 36%. Coal use continues to decline rapidly through November 2015 with its share", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080622", "score": "1.0593016", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Electricity sector in India", "text": "generate a kWh, whereas United States thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. This is because of the difference in the quality of the coal, as measured by the Gross Calorific Value (GCV). On average, Indian coal has a GCV of about 4500 Kcal/kg, whereas the quality elsewhere in the world is much better; for example, in Australia, the GCV is 6500 Kcal/kg approximately. In the year 2017, India imported nearly 130 Mtoe (nearly 200 million tons) of steam coal and coking coal which is 29% of total consumption to meet the demand in electricity, cement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4418619", "score": "1.0556107", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "the state's coal plants (max. output 8 GW), and they contribute about a quarter of the state's electricity. The cost of transporting coal may be around $20 for trains, or $5–6 for barge and truck. A 2015 study by a consortium of environmental organizations concluded that US Government subsidies for coal production are around $8/ton for the Powder River Basin. In 2018, 16 of the 50 Federal States of the US had either no coal power in their power production for the public power supply (California, Idaho, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Vermont), less than 5% coal in power production Connecticut,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080625", "score": "1.0464948", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Coal", "text": "is roughly 24 megajoules per kilogram (approximately 6.7 kilowatt-hours per kg). For a coal power plant with a 40% efficiency, it takes an estimated of coal to power a 100 W lightbulb for one year. 27.6% of world energy was supplied by coal in 2017 and Asia used almost three quarters of it. Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from coking coal (a low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal, also known as metallurgical coal), which is used in manufacturing steel and other iron products. Coke is made from coking coal by baking in an oven without oxygen at temperatures as high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "74650", "score": "1.035887", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Coal mining in India", "text": "concentrations are negligible. The natural fuel value of Indian coal is poor. On average, the Indian power plants using India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of coal to generate a kWh, whereas United States thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. This is because of the difference in the quality of the coal, as measured by the Gross Calorific Value (GCV). On average, Indian coal has a GCV of about 4500 Kcal/kg, whereas the quality elsewhere in the world is much better; for example, in Australia, the GCV is 6500 Kcal/kg approximately. India imported nearly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12160926", "score": "1.0282456", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Peak coal", "text": "the US has declined as mining shifts to coals of lower rank. Although the tonnage of coal mined in the United States reached its latest peak in 2008, the peak in terms of coal energy content occurred in 1998, at 598 Millions of metric tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe); by 2005 this had fallen to 576 Mtoe, or about 4% lower. Australia has substantial coal resources, mostly brown coal. It is responsible for almost 40% of global coal exports worldwide, and much of its current electricity is generated from coal-fired power stations. There are tentative plans to very slowly phase", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10473302", "score": "1.0255518", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Fossil fuel power station", "text": "Information Administration, 27 gigawatts of capacity from coal-fired generators is to be retired from 175 US coal-fired power plants before 2016. Natural gas showed a corresponding jump, increasing by a third over 2011. Some coal power plants such as the 1200 MW Hearn Generating Station have stopped burning coal by switching the plant to natural gas. Coal's share of electricity generation dropped to just over 36%. Natural gas accounted for 81% of new power generation in the US between 2000 and 2010. Coal-fired generation puts out about twice the amount of carbon dioxide - around 2,000 pounds for every megawatt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4664407", "score": "1.0244503", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Energy in the United States", "text": "2014. The US has been the world's leading producer of natural gas liquids since 2010, when US NGL production passed that of Saudi Arabia. Although the United States leads the world in natural gas production, it is only fifth in proved reserves of natural gas, behind Russia, Iran, Qatar, and Turkmenistan. Generation of electricity is the largest user of coal, although its use is in decline. About 50% of electric power was produced by coal in 2005, declining to 30% in 2016. Electric utilities buy more than 90% of the coal consumed in the United States. The United States is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9016398", "score": "1.0199093", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "of the U.S. electricity production in 2006, it was responsible for 83% of CO emissions caused by electricity generation that year, or 1,970 Tg of CO emissions. Further 130 Tg of CO were released by other industrial coal-burning applications. Click Here to see a graph displaying CO emissions from coal powered plants. U.S. coal-fired electricity-generating power plants owned by utilities emitted an estimated 48 tons of mercury in 1999, the largest source of man-made mercury pollution in the U.S. In 1995-96, this accounted for 32.6% of all mercury emitted into the air by human activity in the U.S. In addition,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080628", "score": "1.018043", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Energy in Kazakhstan", "text": "93, Colombia 69, South Africa 67, United States 33, Vietnam 25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4. The coal of Kazakhstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne. Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh. In 2013, the country produced 93.76 billion kWH - 70 billion kWh (81%) from coal, 8 from gas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11116684", "score": "1.0160125", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Energy policy of the United States", "text": "since 1978. Most electricity (52% in 2000) in the country is generated from coal-fired power plants: in 2006, more than 90% of coal consumed was used to generate electricity. In 1950, about 19% percent of the coal consumed was for electricity generation. In terms of the production of energy from domestic sources, from 1885 through 1951, coal was the leading source of energy in the United States. Crude oil and natural gas then vied for that role until 1982. Coal regained the position of the top domestic resource that year and again in 1984, and has retained it since. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7084248", "score": "1.0139073", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Natural gas in the United States", "text": "increased its share of total US electricity from 18.8 percent in 2005, to 32.6 percent in 2015. The increase in gas-generated electricity was mostly at the expense of coal power, which fell from 49.6 percent of US electricity in 2005, to 33.2 percent in 2015. Natural gas surpassed coal as the number one generator of US electricity in late 2015. During the 12-month period through August 2016, natural gas generated 34.5 percent of US electricity, versus 29.8 percent for coal. Unlike the other sectors of natural gas consumption, the electrical power industry uses more natural gas in the summer, when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19026845", "score": "1.0012963", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "21st-century fossil fuel regulations in the United States", "text": "gas, coal production has been declining since 2008. Currently the U.S. occupies five major basins or regions where coal is produced. The U.S. Energy Information Administration released coal production data of 2016 in January, reporting a 17% decrease from 2015 levels. As coal is projected to remain a key energy resource, regulations concerning environmental pollution increase. The Environmental Protection Administration monitors and controls the emissions from coal-fired power plants to ensure public health and air quality. Coal production and consumption generates various environmental impacts such as the release of greenhouse gases. There are around 1,100 major electric power plants, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19957346", "score": "0.99884176", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Energy policy of the United States", "text": "54% of U.S. oil consumption by 2030. The subject of continued exploration for offshore drilling in the United States is a perennial debate, one which was heavily influenced in 2010 by the BP Macondo oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. America is self-sufficient in coal. Indeed, it has several hundred years' supply of it. The United States trend in coal use has been rising from 1950 through 2007, when coal production and consumption more than doubled. The population of the US has almost doubled in this time period as well, while the per capita energy use has been declining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7084247", "score": "0.998505", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sustainability measurement", "text": "for European Commission Joint Research Centre, reaches similar conclusions and states that \"\"coal might not be so abundant, widely available and reliable as an energy source in the future\". Work by David Rutledge of Caltech predicts that the total of world coal production will amount to only about 450 gigatonnes. This implies that coal is running out faster than usually assumed. Finally, insofar as global peak oil and peak in natural gas are expected anywhere from imminently to within decades at most, any increase in coal production (mining) per annum to compensate for declines in oil or NG production, would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12782370", "score": "0.9956313", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Energy in the United States", "text": "a net exporter of coal. Coal exports, for which Europe is the largest customer, peaked in 2012, and have declined since. In 2015, the U.S. exported 7.0% of mined coal. Coal has been used to generate electricity in the United States since an Edison plant was built in New York City in 1882. The first AC power station was opened by General Electric in Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania in 1902, servicing the Webster Coal and Coke Company. By the mid-20th century, coal had become the leading fuel for generating electricity in the US. The long, steady rise of coal-fired generation of electricity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9016399", "score": "0.99341035", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products", "text": "to about 2.52 quadrillion BTU's of energy produced from fossil fuels being abated every year because of these performance standards, or 750,000,000,000 kWh. Production of electricity from coal creates 2.095 pounds of carbon dioxide per kWh, from natural gas 1.321 pounds of carbon dioxide per kWh, and from petroleum 1.969 pounds of carbon dioxide per kWh. This equates to about 500 million tons of carbon dioxide from coal, 160 million tons of carbon dioxide from natural gas, and 10 million tons of carbon dioxide from petroleum. For a total of about 670 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions abated in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17201166", "score": "0.99289834", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Coal in China", "text": "coal mines in the northeast. Coal is the main source of energy in China. In 2011 the Chinese coal production was equivalent to 3,576 Mt × 0.522 toe/t × 11.630 MWh/toe = 21,709 TWh. Assuming the same caloric value for the imported coal the net coal energy available would be evaluated as 22,784 TWh. Assuming imported coal equal to domestic one, available coal (IEA) was about 17,000 TWh in 2008 and 22,800 TWh in 2011, with increase of 5,800 TWh in three years. Total renewable energy in China was 3,027 TWh in 2008 and 2,761 TWh in 2005, with increase", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11269933", "score": "0.99167615", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Coal power in the United States", "text": "around 33.6%. The coal plants are mostly base-load plants with typical utilisation rates of 50% to 60% (relating to full load hours). As of July 7, 2011, utility companies will shut down and retire aging coal-fired power plants following the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) announcement of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAP). The extent of shutdowns and reduction in utilization will depend on factors such as future price of natural gas and cost of installation of pollution control equipment; however, as of 2013, the future of coal-fired power plants in the United States did not appear promising. Recent estimates gauge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080623", "score": "0.9895842", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Coal mining", "text": "year. The United States was ranked as the second highest coal producing country in the world in 2010, and possesses the largest coal reserves in the world. In 2008 then-President George W. Bush stated that coal was the most reliable source of electricity. However, in 2011 President Barack Obama said that the US should rely more on \"clean\" sources of energy that emit lower or no carbon dioxide pollution. For a time, while domestic coal consumption for electric power was being displaced by natural gas, exports were increasing. US net coal exports increased ninefold from 2006 to 2012, peaked at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1667054", "score": "0.98932487", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fossil fuel power station", "text": "In 2000, the carbon intensity (CO emissions) of U.S. coal thermal combustion was 2249 lbs/MWh (1,029 kg/MWh) while the carbon intensity of U.S. oil thermal generation was 1672 lb/MWh (758 kg/MWh or 211 kg/GJ) and the carbon intensity of U.S. natural gas thermal production was 1135 lb/MWh (515 kg/MWh or 143 kg/GJ). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that increased quantities of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide within the atmosphere will \"very likely\" lead to higher average temperatures on a global scale (global warming). Concerns regarding the potential for such warming to change the global climate prompted IPCC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4664415", "score": "0.985139", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Coal mining in the United States", "text": "terminals raised environmental concerns with respect to global warming. As of February 2016, four proposals for coal terminals had been withdrawn, leaving two still applied for. The withdrawals were ascribed to loss of demand and consequent lower coal prices. In 2013, 92.8 percent of US internal coal consumption was for electricity generation. Other uses were industrial (4.7 percent), coke manufacture (2.3 percent), and commercial and institutional (0.2 percent). In 2016, the EIA calculated that coal would provide 30% of electricity generation nationwide with natural gas providing 34%, nuclear, 19%, and renewables, 15%. Both the tonnage of coal used for electricity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12403764", "score": "0.9836141", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Electricity sector of the United States", "text": "table summarize the electrical energy generated by fuel sources for the USA. Data was mined from Electric Power Annual 2016]. Profile data is from Electric Power Monthly and is for 2016]. Fossil fuels – mainly coal and natural gas – remain the backbone of electricity generation in the U.S., accounting for 68% of installed generation capacity in 2010. In 2007 the Department of Energy estimated the planned additional capacity for 2008-12 at 92 GW, most of which to be fueled by natural gas (48 GW) and coal (19GW). As of 2007 in the United States, there are 104 commercial nuclear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13718867", "score": "0.98081493", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Fossil fuel power station", "text": "factors based on actual emissions from power plants in the European Union. Electricity generation using carbon-based fuels is responsible for a large fraction of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions worldwide and for 34% of U.S. man-made carbon dioxide emissions in 2010. In the U.S. 70% of electricity is generated by combustion of fossil fuels. Coal contains more carbon than oil or natural gas fossil fuels, resulting in greater volumes of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricity generated. In 2010, coal contributed about 81% of CO emissions from generation and contributed about 45% of the electricity generated in the United States.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4664414", "score": "0.97396195", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Energy market", "text": "breakdown was as follows; coal was 42%, nuclear was 19%, natural gas was 25%, renewable energy was 13% and oil dropped down to 1%. These figures show a dramatic drop in energy from coal, and a significant increase in both natural gas as well as renewable energy. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) data from 2006, hydroelectric power accounted for most of the renewable energy production in the United States. However, increasing government funding, grants, and incentives have been drawing many companies towards the biofuel, wind, and solar energy production industries. In recent years, there has been a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12111888", "score": "0.97257686", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Coal power in the United States", "long_answer": "Coal power in the United States accounted for 39% of the country's electricity production at utility-scale facilities in 2014, 33% in 2015, and 30.4% in 2016 Coal supplied 16.5 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy to electric power plants in 2013, which made up nearly 92% of coal's contribution to energy supply. Utilities buy more than 90 percent of the coal consumed in the United States.", "chunked_long_answer": "Coal power in the United States accounted for 39% of the country's electricity production at utility-scale facilities in 2014, 33% in 2015, and 30.4% in 2016 Coal supplied 16.5 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy to electric power plants in 2013, which made up nearly 92% of coal's contribution to energy supply. Utilities buy more than 90 percent of the coal consumed in the United States.", "short_answers": [ "16.5 quadrillion BTUs", "30.4%" ] }

[ "Ben Willis" ]

[ { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes it is Ben they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away before Ray can explain that he went to see Missy to relieve his conscience. Ben appears, knocks Ray out, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. Looking around, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "I Know What You Did Last Summer I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Jim Gillespie, written by Kevin Williamson, and starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, and Freddie Prinze Jr., with Anne Heche, Bridgette Wilson, and Johnny Galecki appearing in supporting roles. Loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan, the film centers on four young friends who are stalked by a hook-wielding killer one year after covering up a car accident in which they were involved. The film also draws inspiration from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872861", "score": "1.2032714", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "It was also spoofed in \"The Simpsons\" \"Treehouse of Horror X\" as “I Know What You Diddly-Did”, with Ned Flanders as the killer. I Know What You Did Last Summer I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Jim Gillespie, written by Kevin Williamson, and starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, and Freddie Prinze Jr., with Anne Heche, Bridgette Wilson, and Johnny Galecki appearing in supporting roles. Loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan, the film centers on four young friends who are stalked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872896", "score": "1.18419", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer I Still Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1998 American-Mexican slasher film and a sequel to the 1997 film \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\". Directed by Danny Cannon, the film was written by Trey Callaway, and features characters originally created in Lois Duncan's 1973 novel \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\". Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze, Jr. and Muse Watson reprise their roles, with Brandy, Mekhi Phifer, Jennifer Esposito, and Matthew Settle joining the cast. \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" continues after the events", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3135880", "score": "1.1390567", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel)", "text": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel) I Know What You Did Last Summer (1973) is a suspense novel for young adults by Lois Duncan. It was later adapted into the film of the same name. In an unnamed town, high-school senior Julie James receives a sinister note from an elusive stalker telling her, \"I know what you did last summer.\" The note refers to events of the previous year, when Julie, her boyfriend Ray Bronson, Ray's best friend Barry Cox, and Barry's girlfriend and Julie's best friend Helen Rivers accidentally ran over and killed a young boy named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11211127", "score": "1.1217979", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "through it as Julie screams in horror. \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" was a screenplay penned by Kevin Williamson several years beforehand, which was then rushed into production by Columbia Pictures upon the success of the Williamson-written \"Scream\" (1996). It was based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan, a youth-oriented suspense novel about four young people who are involved in a hit-and-run accident involving a young boy. Producer Erik Feig pitched the idea of a screen adaptation to Mandalay Entertainment, and subsequently appointed Williamson to retool the core elements of Duncan's novel, rendering", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872872", "score": "1.1198778", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)", "text": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series) I Know What You Did Last Summer is an American horror film series, based on the novel of the same name by Lois Duncan. The series consists of three films. After an accident on a winding road, four teens make the fatal mistake of dumping their victim's body into the sea. But exactly one year later, the dead man returns from his watery grave and he's looking for more than an apology. The murderous fisherman with a hook is back to once again stalk the two surviving teens, Julie James and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20643105", "score": "1.1161387", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "in the mirror. Sadly, this potentially-fascinating element of the movie is dismissed quickly to facilitate a higher body count. And, as I said before, a few extra deaths can only make a slasher movie better, right?\" Film scholar Adam Rockoff notes in his book \"Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986\" that at the time of its release, many critics branded \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" as an imitation of \"Scream\"; however, he contends that it is a \"much different film,\" even in spite of the fact that their respective screenplays were penned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872891", "score": "1.10549", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "film establishes a new plotline and does not star any cast members from the previous two installments. \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" has also been parodied and referenced in popular culture, and credited alongside \"Scream\" with revitalizing the contemporary slasher film in the late-1990s. On the Fourth of July 1996 in Southport, North Carolina, Julie James and her friends Ray Bronson, Helen Shivers, and Barry Cox drive to the beach after attending a party. While driving along a coastal byway, they accidentally hit a pedestrian. Julie's friend Max passes by them on the road. Julie reassures Max that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872864", "score": "1.1047066", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer is a 2006 American slasher film. Released direct-to-video, the film is the third and final installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series, but does not have any of the cast returning from the first two installments. The film instead takes the basic myth of the series and starts it over with a new set of characters. \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 15, 2006. In 2005, Amber Williams (Brooke Nevin), her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7327697", "score": "1.1005658", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (The Vampire Diaries)", "text": "on Matt who loses his senses. At the end of summer party in Mystic Falls, the Mayor who is Bonnie's father, Rudy Hopkins (Rick Worthy), is killed by Silas in front of everyone, while Bonnie watches, helpless. Silas influences the crowd to help him find Katherine. In the meantime, Stefan is still locked in the safe underwater and is hallucinating scenes where he talks to Damon and later to Elena, while he is fighting the urge to turn off his humanity. In the \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" episode we can hear the songs: \"I Know What You", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17532935", "score": "1.0871868", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "the urban legend known as the Hook. After having written \"Scream\" (released in 1996), Williamson was approached to adapt Duncan's source novel by producer Erik Feig. Where Williamson's screenplay for \"Scream\" contained prominent elements of satire and self-referentiality, his adaptation of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" reworked the novel's central plot to resemble a straightforward 1980s-era slasher film. Shot on location in both California and North Carolina in the spring of 1997, \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" was released theatrically in the North America on October 17, 1997. It received varied reviews from critics but was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872862", "score": "1.0794454", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)", "text": "Ray Bronson who left him for dead, as well as cause even more murder and mayhem, this time at a posh island resort. A group of teenagers in Colorado find themselves being stalked and killed one by one by a mysterious figure with a hook, exactly one year after they covered up a friend's accidental death. On September 14, 2014, Sony reported that they have plans to remake the film; Mike Flanagan and Jeff Howard are writing a script. In a June 1, 2016, Blumhouse.com \"Shockwaves\" podcast, writer Mike Flanagan revealed and further confirmed this new iteration and reimagination of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20643106", "score": "1.064933", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "a worldwide total of $126 million. According to data compiled by \"Box Office Mojo\", \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" is the sixth highest-grossing slasher film as of 2018. The film received mixed reviews upon release, inevitably drawing both positive and negative comparisons to \"Scream\", also written by Williamson. Mick LaSalle thought it inferior to \"Scream\", but Richard Harrington compared it favorably, stating that it was \"... a smart, sharply drawn genre film with a moral center and a solid cast of young actors to hold it.\" \"Variety\" was also enthusiastic, calling it a \"polished genre piece with superior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872887", "score": "1.0522064", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "He described the directing, editing, script, and acting all as predictable and uninteresting, ultimately summarizing the film as \"Not so much outrageously awful as it is deadly dry and dishwater dull\". I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer is a 2006 American slasher film. Released direct-to-video, the film is the third and final installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series, but does not have any of the cast returning from the first two installments. The film instead takes the basic myth of the series and starts it over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7327706", "score": "1.045468", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Scary Movie", "text": "entirely based on \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" including the teens' accidental murder of an innocent man on a car ride and the murder scene at the beauty pageant. Major references to \"Scream\" include the character Ghostface and the murder of Drew Decker in the opening scene (a reference to Drew Barrymore, who played a similar character in \"Scream\"). Additionally, the characters of \"Scream\" and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" are heavily mirrored in the film. Cindy Campbell is a play on the character of Sidney Prescott (portrayed by Neve Campbell) in \"Scream\", as is Gail", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1959623", "score": "1.0454191", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "there, she uncovers the bodies of Helen and Barry in the boat's ice box. Ray regains consciousness and steals a motorboat to rescue Julie. He ultimately uses the rigging to sever Ben's hand and send him overboard. When Julie and Ray are questioned by the police, they deny knowing why Ben attempted to kill them, but they are relieved not to have actually killed anyone the previous summer, and reconcile. A year later, Julie is in college in Boston. As she enters the shower, she notices the words \"I still know\" on the mirror. Moments later, a dark figure crashes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872871", "score": "1.0439222", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "saying, \"I can do that!\" And he can.\" Critic James Berardinelli credited the film (along with \"Scream\") as igniting a new boom of slasher films, adding: \"There is one minor aspect of the plot that elevates \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" above the level of a typical '80s slasher flick -- it has an interesting subtext. I'm referring to the way the lives and friendships of these four individuals crumble in the wake of their accident. Guilt, confusion, and doubt build in them until they can no longer stand to be with each other or look at themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872890", "score": "1.0269896", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "and implemented into the final cut to achieve this (in the original script, his character was not killed). The original ending of the film featured a sequence in which Julie receives an email reading: \"I Still Know.\" This ending was scrapped for the more dramatic ending featured in the final cut of the film, in which Julie finds the same message scrawled on a shower stall just before the killer comes crashing through the glass. This footage was also shot after principal photography, on a soundstage next-door to where Hewitt was filming \"Party of Five\". In anticipation of the film's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872884", "score": "1.0244597", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "a screenplay more akin to a 1980s slasher film. Inspired by his father, who had been a commercial fisherman, Williamson changed the setting of the novel to a small fishing village, and made the villain a hook-wielding fisherman. The killer's arming of himself with a hook is a reference to the urban legend \"The Hook,\" which the four main characters recount at the beginning of the film around a campfire. According to Williamson, he wrote the scene as a way of indicating what was to come: \"Basically what I was doing was I was setting the framework to say, 'Alright,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872873", "score": "1.0201097", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "of the first film. Callaway's script was published in an edited \"young adult\" format, leaving in all descriptions of violence but omitting the harsher language. Filming took place in Mexico and California. \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" was released to negative reviews, but was a box office success, grossing $84 million worldwide. It is the second installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series and was followed by \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" in 2006. One year after the events of the first film, in 1998, Julie James is attending summer classes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3135881", "score": "1.0199591", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)", "text": "film, \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\", based on a 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan. Centered on four high school friends who accidentally run over a man and dump his body in an attempt to go on with their lives, the plot focuses on the four friends a year after the accident when they become the victims of a serial stalker. Despite receiving negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success and helped launch the careers of actors Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, and Ryan Phillippe, going on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3611217", "score": "1.0031302", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "audience: That's that legend. Now here's a new one.'\" Unlike Williamson's screenplay for the film's contemporary, \"Scream\" (1996), which incorporated satire of the slasher film, \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" was written more as a straightforward slasher film. Gillespie commented in 2008: \"The joy of this film for me as a filmmaker was in taking [the] elements that we've seen before, and saying to the audience: 'Here's something you've seen before'—knowing that they're saying 'We've seen this before'—and still getting them to jump.\" Gillespie also claimed that he felt Williamson's screenplay did not resemble a \"slasher horror movie,\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872874", "score": "0.9825988", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "the film grossed $40,020,622 in the United States. It grossed $44 million internationally, bringing the total worldwide gross to $84 million. The film received highly negative reviews, and although Brandy’s performance was praised, the film has an approval rating of 7% and an average rating of 3.3/10 on Rotten Tomatoes out of 56 total reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Boring, predictable, and bereft of thrills or chills, \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" is exactly the kind of rehash that gives horror sequels a bad name.\" It also has a 21 score on Metacritic compared to 52", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3135892", "score": "0.9693494", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "everything is all right, and he leaves. After some arguing, the group decides to dispose of the body, dumping it in the water. They agree to never again discuss what had happened. A year later, Julie returns home from her college in Boston for the summer. Since the incident, the friends have gone their separate ways. Julie receives a letter with no return address, stating, \"I know what you did last summer!\" Disturbed, Julie tracks down Helen, who has returned to Southport to work at her family's department store after a failed attempt at an acting career in New York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872865", "score": "0.96881115", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "To her surprise, Julie is sharing a hotel room with Will. That evening at the hotel’s bar, Julie is talked into singing karaoke. She stops when the words “I STILL KNOW WHAT YOU DID LAST SUMMER” roll onto the screen. Terrified, she runs back to her room and is met by Will, who laid out flowers and a love note for her. Julie sidesteps Will's affection for her, while Tyrell and Karla (and later Will) get into the hot tub. Julie notices that her toothbrush is missing. She searches the room and finds the dockhand Darick hanging dead in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3135884", "score": "0.96774685", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "commercially successful, grossing $72 million domestically, and remaining at number 1 on the U.S. box office for three consecutive weeks. It would go on to gross an additional $53 million in other markets, making for a total of over $125 million in international box office returns. It also was nominated for and won multiple awards. The film was followed by two sequels, \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1998) and the straight-to-DVD release \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" (2006). Though the former film has a continuation of the plotline established in its predecessor, the latter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872863", "score": "0.96765393", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "City. The girls take the note to Barry, who immediately suspects Max. They confront Max on the docks, and Barry threatens him with a hook. Julie meets Ray, who is now working as a fisherman; he unsuccessfully tries to reconcile with her. Later, Max is killed by a figure in a rain slicker wielding a hook. Barry discovers a note in his gym locker saying, \"I know.\" He is then ambushed by the same assailant driving Barry's car. Meanwhile, Julie researches newspaper articles which lead her to believe the man they ran over was a local named David Egan. Helen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872866", "score": "0.9657288", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "text": "by the same writer: On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 36% approval rating, based on reviews from 44 critics. Metacritic reported an aggregate score of 52 out of 100 based on reviews from 17 critics. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B-\" on an A+ to F scale. The film produced two soundtracks. One of them featured the score composed by John Debney, while the other contained various rock songs found in the film. Additional songs featured in the film (but not on a soundtrack): The film was released on DVD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1872892", "score": "0.9574035", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Slasher film", "text": "released \"Scream 2\" (1997) to the highest grossing opening weekend of any R-rated film at the time; the sequel sold 22 million tickets and was a critical hit. Taking note from the marketing success of \"Scream\", the promotional materials for \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" and \"Scream 2\" relied heavily on the recognizability of cast-members Rebecca Gayheart, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Joshua Jackson, Laurie Metcalf, Jerry O'Connell, Ryan Phillippe, Jada Pinkett, Freddie Prinze Jr. and Liev Schreiber. \"Scream\" and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" were internationally popular. In Asia, Hong Kong released \"The Deadly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1399228", "score": "0.95602214", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "long_answer": "Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes it is Ben they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away before Ray can explain that he went to see Missy to relieve his conscience. Ben appears, knocks Ray out, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. Looking around, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the docks, as Ray regains consciousness and steals a motorboat to rescue Julie, who is being chased all around Ben's boat. Ray ultimately uses the rigging to sever Ben's hook-carrying hand and send him overboard. When the police question them, they deny knowing why Ben attempted to kill them, but they are relieved not to have actually killed anybody the previous summer, and reconcile.", "chunked_long_answer": "Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes it is Ben they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away before Ray can explain that he went to see Missy to relieve his conscience. Ben appears, knocks Ray out, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. Looking around, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the", "short_answers": [ "Ben Willis" ] }

[ "National Industrial Recovery Act", "NIRA" ]

[ { "title": "New Deal", "text": "and employment (deflation). He argued that government economic planning was necessary to remedy this. New Deal economists argued that cut-throat competition had hurt many businesses and that with prices having fallen 20% and more, \"deflation\" exacerbated the burden of debt and would delay recovery. They rejected a strong move in Congress to limit the workweek to 30 hours. Instead their remedy, designed in cooperation with big business, was the NIRA. It included stimulus funds for the WPA to spend and sought to raise prices, give more bargaining power for unions (so the workers could purchase more) and reduce harmful competition.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production, [is] a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government\". The AAA was replaced by a similar program that did win Court approval. Instead of paying farmers for letting fields lie barren, this program subsidized them for planting soil enriching crops such as alfalfa that would not be sold on the market. Federal regulation of agricultural production has been modified many times since then, but together with large subsidies is still in effect today. The Farm Tenancy Act in 1937 was the last major New Deal legislation that concerned farming. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448923", "score": "1.0843847", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "American automobile industry in the 1950s", "text": "was signed three years later in July 1953, yet no official ending. For automakers in the early 1950s, this meant US government control over raw materials such as steel. While not as strict as the rationing that was seen during World War II, the impact was obvious, with steel being rationed to the different manufacturers under government control, rather than by market forces. The National Production Authority (NPA) had the final say on what resources each company would be given. In 1952, it limited the industry to 4,342,000 cars, with General Motors (GM) given a quota of 41 percent of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16844732", "score": "1.069157", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Modern liberalism in the United States", "text": "(in the sense of state ownership of the means of production), and only one major program, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), involved government ownership of the means of production (that is power plants and electrical grids). The conservatives feared the New Deal meant socialism; Roosevelt noted privately in 1934 that the \"old line press harps increasingly on state socialism and demands the return to the good old days\". The New Deal was racially segregated; blacks and whites rarely worked alongside each other in New Deal programs. The largest relief program by far was the WPA; it operated segregated units, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7880162", "score": "1.0461893", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of agriculture in the United States", "text": "War II, even as rationing and price controls limited the availability of meat and other foods in order to guarantee its availability to the American And Allied armed forces. During World War II, farmers were not drafted, but surplus labor, especially in the southern cotton fields, voluntarily relocated to war jobs in the cities. The New Deal era farm programs were continued into the 1940s and 1950s, with the goal of supporting the prices received by farmers. Typical programs involved farm loans, commodity subsidies, and price supports. The rapid decline in the farm population led to a smaller voice in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4612736", "score": "1.0394714", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Village industries", "text": "something of a lull in the village industry program, with only two new plants, in Flat Rock and Ypsilanti, opened in the next ten years. However, in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Ford moved to rapidly expand the village industry concept, opening plants in Tecumseh, Newburg, Dundee, Brooklyn, Saline, Milan, Milford, Sharon Hollow, Willow Run, and Manchester. many of these plants, opening in the middle of the Great Depression, had a profound economic effect on the community, employing dozens or hundreds of workers who would otherwise have been unemployed or have moved away. During World War II, three more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15805027", "score": "1.038824", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt", "text": "on food processing. The goal was to force up farm prices to the point of \"parity,\" an index based on 1910–1914 prices. To meet these goals, cotton was plowed up, bountiful crops were left to rot, and six million piglets were killed and discarded. Farm incomes increased significantly in the first three years of the New Deal, as prices for commodities rose. However, some sharecroppers suffered under the new system, as some landowners pocketed the federal subsidies distributed for keeping lands fallow. The AAA was the first federal agricultural program to operate on such a large scale, and it established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9013232", "score": "1.0322381", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of agriculture in the United States", "text": "for any sharecroppers or tenants or farm laborers who might become unemployed, but there were other New Deal programs especially for them, such as the Farm Security Administration. In 1936, the Supreme Court declared the AAA to be unconstitutional for technical reasons; it was replaced by a similar program that did win Court approval. Instead of paying farmers for letting fields lie barren, the new program instead subsidized them for planting soil enriching crops such as alfalfa that would not be sold on the market. Federal regulation of agricultural production has been modified many times since then, but together with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4612733", "score": "1.0289516", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt", "text": "the Depression as President Roosevelt and his economic planners had hoped\", but that the \"New Deal policies are an important contributing factor to the persistence of the Great Depression\". They believe that the \"abandonment of these policies coincided with the strong economic recovery of the 1940s\". They do not credit Roosevelt for the remarkable prosperity of the 1940s. New Deal defenders argue that the failure of industry to create new jobs in the 1930s was caused primarily by the lack of new technologies and new industries as apart from radio there were few growth industries that emerged in the 1930s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7870181", "score": "1.0254495", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "History of agriculture in the United States", "text": "the Hoover plan was adopted. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a liberal Democrat, was keenly interested in farm issues and believed that true prosperity would not return until farming was prosperous. Many different New Deal programs were directed at farmers. Farming reached its low point in 1932, but even then millions of unemployed people were returning to the family farm having given up hope for a job in the cities. The main New Deal strategy was to reduce the supply of commodities, thereby raising the prices a little to the consumer, and a great deal to the farmer. Marginal farmers produce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4612729", "score": "1.0232545", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "African-American history", "text": "and sharecroppers (who had less control), as well as daily laborers (mostly black, with least control). The problem was very low prices for farm products and the New Deal solution was to raise them by cutting production. It accomplished this in the South by the AAA, which gave landowners acreage reduction contracts, by which they were paid to \"not\" grow cotton or tobacco on a portion of their land. By law, they were required to pay the tenant farmers and sharecroppers on their land a portion of the money, but some cheated on this provision, hurting their tenants and croppers.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4046821", "score": "1.0228128", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt", "text": "rare cases the Roosevelt administration temporarily took control of industrial facilities. War production increased dramatically after the attack on Pearl Harbor, but that production fell short of the goals established by the president, due in part to manpower shortages. The effort was also hindered by numerous strikes, especially among union workers in the coal mining and railroad industries. Despite various challenges, between 1941 and 1945, the United States produced 2.4 million trucks, 300,000 military aircraft, 88,400 tanks, and 40 billion rounds of ammunition. The production capacity of the United States dwarfed that of other countries; for example, in 1944, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9013315", "score": "1.0210502", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "to benefit their incomes. The AAA paid land owners subsidies for leaving some of their land idle with funds provided by a new tax on food processing. To force up farm prices to the point of \"parity,\" of growing cotton was plowed up, bountiful crops were left to rot and six million piglets were killed and discarded. The idea was to give farmers a \"fair exchange value\" for their products in relation to the general economy (\"parity level\"). Farm incomes and the income for the general population recovered fast since the beginning of 1933. Food prices remained still well below", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448921", "score": "1.0206976", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Alcoa, Tennessee", "text": "of the lack of demand for aluminum. Managers sought to cut workers' hours— which at one point dropped to 30 hours per week— rather than slash jobs. By the end of the decade, the company had stockpiled 42,000 tons of aluminum. The Depression (and accompanying New Deal legislation) also brought about increased labor union activity in Alcoa. A strike in 1934 was forcibly ended when Hultquist deployed a large police force. A second strike in 1937 was broken in a similar fashion, with two striking workers shot and killed and the National Guard forced to intervene. World War II proved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1224851", "score": "1.0203135", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of the United States (1918–1945)", "text": "the PWA and AAA, operated through private firms. The New Deal and Roosevelt's leadership were under assault during Roosevelt's second term, which suffered new economic setbacks in the Recession of 1937. A sharp economic downturn began in the fall of 1937 and continued through most of 1938. Conservatives said it was caused by the labor unions' assault on industry through massive strikes and the way the New Deal discourages further investment. Keynesian economists argued it was a result of a premature effort by FDR to balance the budget by reducing federal spending. The administration reacted by launching a rhetorical campaign", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1919364", "score": "1.0151049", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt", "text": "Court approval. Instead of paying farmers for letting fields lie barren, the new program subsidized them for planting soil enriching hay crops such as alfalfa that would not be sold on the market. Federal regulation of agricultural production has been modified many times since then, but the basic philosophy of subsidizing farmers remains in effect. Many rural people lived in severe poverty, especially in the South. Agencies such as the Resettlement Administration and its successor, the Farm Security Administration (FSA), represented the first national programs to help migrants and marginal farmers, whose plight gained national attention through the 1939 novel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20687151", "score": "1.0125073", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "unprecedented scale to curb flooding, generate electricity and modernize poor farms in the Tennessee Valley region of the Southern United States. Under the Farmers' Relief Act of 1933, the government paid compensation to farmers who reduced output, thereby raising prices. As a result of this legislation, the average income of farmers almost doubled by 1937. In the 1920s, farm production had increased dramatically thanks to mechanization, more potent insecticides and increased use of fertilizer. Due to an overproduction of agricultural products, farmers faced a severe and chronic agricultural depression throughout the 1920s. The Great Depression even worsened the agricultural crises", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448918", "score": "1.011673", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Agricultural subsidy", "text": "In the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). This came as a result of the series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by the president known as the New Deal. The AAA helped to regulate agricultural production by reducing surplus and controlling the supply of agricultural products in society. Through the control of seven crops (corn, wheat, cotton, rice, peanuts, tobacco and milk), Congress was able to balance the supply and demand for farm commodities by offering payment to farmers in return for taking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1477222", "score": "1.0116419", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "liberal trade policy that persists to this day. A separate set of programs operated in Puerto Rico, headed by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration. It promoted land reform and helped small farms, it set up farm cooperatives, promoted crop diversification and helped local industry. The Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration was directed by Juan Pablo Montoya Sr. from 1935 to 1937. In the spring of 1935, responding to the setbacks in the Court, a new skepticism in Congress and the growing popular clamor for more dramatic action, New Dealers passed important new initiatives. Historians refer to them as the \"Second New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448934", "score": "1.0115846", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Federal Crop Insurance Corporation", "text": "themselves and were unable to make money off of the crops. In order to help America recover from the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the New Deal, which was a plan compiled of federal programs, including several focused on farming. The Federal Crop Insurance Corporation was a program created to carry out the government initiative to provide insurance for farmers' produce, which means that farmers would receive compensation for crops, even if they were not sustained in that year. On September 26, 1980, the program was expanded through Public Law 96-365. Initially, participation in FCIC was voluntary. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12477780", "score": "1.010021", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Southern Tenant Farmers Union", "text": "1930s prepared an agricultural deterioration in southern states. When the Great Depression started, the southern agriculture sector had inherited weak foundations. In order to alleviate this sector, the federal government under the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, through the New Deal, started economic incentives to reduce the production output of plantations; thereby, decreasing the number of sharecroppers and farmers needed in the fields. The implications of the policies from the AAA caused unemployment and the eviction of tenant farmers to raise dramatically. Harry Leland Mitchell, a socialist and sharecropper, and Clay East, a gasoline station owner, saw that the federal subsidies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5746224", "score": "1.0095631", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "and at the beginning of 1933 agricultural markets nearly faced collapse. Farm prices were so low that in Montana wheat was rotting in the fields because it could not be profitably harvested. In Oregon, sheep were slaughtered and left to the buzzards because meat prices were not sufficient to warrant transportation to markets. Roosevelt was keenly interested in farm issues and believed that true prosperity would not return until farming was prosperous. Many different programs were directed at farmers. The first 100 days produced the Farm Security Act to raise farm incomes by raising the prices farmers received, which was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448919", "score": "1.0080185", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "Connally's federal Hot Oil Act of 1935, which guaranteed that illegal \"hot oil\" would not be sold. By the time NRA ended in May 1935, well over 2 million employers accepted the new standards laid down by the NRA, which had introduced a minimum wage and an eight-hour workday, together with abolishing child labor. These standards were reintroduced by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The New Deal had an important impact in the housing field. The New Deal followed and increased President Hoover's lead and seek measures. The New Deal sought to stimulate the private home building industry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448931", "score": "1.0067871", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Amtorg Trading Corporation", "text": "as Ford Motor Company, General Electric, International Harvester, Albert Kahn, Inc., Hugh L. Cooper, Arthur G. McKee (), Freyn Engineering, DuPont de Nemours, Radio Corporation of America, and more than a hundred other companies during the first five-year plan, taking advantage of the desperate condition of the American economy during the Great Depression. In turn, American businesses, concerned about keeping their factories in operation, were eager to tap into vast Soviet markets despite continuing warnings by the U.S. Department of State that, due to the lack of diplomatic representation in the USSR., the U.S. government was unable to provide security", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11764299", "score": "1.0064191", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pigford v. Glickman", "text": "the Democratic Party in the South and their power on important Congressional committees meant that, during the Great Depression, African Americans were overlooked in many programs established to help struggling Americans. The New Deal programs effectively protected white farmers by shifting the risk to black tenants. Many black farmers lost their land by tax sales, eminent domain, and voluntary sales. The USDA has admitted to having discriminated against black farmers. By 1992 the number of black farmers had declined by 98%. Studies in the late 20th century found that county and state USDA authorities, who were typically white in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13011534", "score": "1.0063908", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt", "text": "first three years of the New Deal, as prices for commodities rose. However, some sharecroppers suffered under the new system, as some landowners pocketed the federal subsidies distributed for keeping lands fallow. The AAA was the first federal agricultural program to operate on such a large scale, and it established a long-lasting federal role in the planning of the entire agricultural sector of the economy. In 1936, the Supreme Court declared the AAA to be unconstitutional for technical reasons. With the passage of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, the AAA was replaced by a similar program that did win", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20687150", "score": "1.0060965", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "most blacks worked in hospitality and agricultural sectors. The New Deal programs put millions of Americans immediately back to work or at least helped them to survive. The programs were not specifically targeted to alleviate the much higher unemployment rate of blacks. Some aspects of the programs were even unfavorable to blacks. The Agricultural Adjustment Acts for example helped farmers which were predominantly white, but reduced the need of farmers to hire tenant farmers or sharecroppers which were predominantly black. While the AAA stipulated that a farmer had to share the payments with those who worked the land this policy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448978", "score": "1.0044961", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of agriculture in the United States", "text": "was plowed up, bountiful crops were left to rot, and six million piglets were killed and discarded. The idea was the less produced, the higher the wholesale price and the higher income to the farmer. Farm incomes increased significantly in the first three years of the New Deal, as prices for commodities rose. Food prices remained well below 1929 levels. The AAA established a long-lasting federal role in the planning of the entire agricultural sector of the economy, and was the first program on such a scale on behalf of the troubled agricultural economy. The original AAA did not provide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4612732", "score": "1.0033454", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "New Deal", "text": "Reserve Index of Industrial Production sank to its lowest point of 52.8 in July 1932 (with 1935–1939 = 100) and was practically unchanged at 54.3 in March 1933. However, by July 1933 it reached 85.5, a dramatic rebound of 57% in four months. Recovery was steady and strong until 1937. Except for employment, the economy by 1937 surpassed the levels of the late 1920s. The Recession of 1937 was a temporary downturn. Private sector employment, especially in manufacturing, recovered to the level of the 1920s, but failed to advance further until the war. The U.S. population was 124,840,471 in 1932", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12448901", "score": "1.0021982", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Living New Deal", "text": "workforce was unemployed and national output had fallen by one-third. To address the economic collapse and resulting human suffering, President Roosevelt declared a \"new deal for the American people.\" Within days of his inauguration, he had launched The New Deal, an innovative constellation of federal programs aimed at restoring financial stability, stabilizing industry and agriculture, increasing relief efforts, and employing millions of desperate workers. The economy began a rapid revival from 1933 to 1942, marred by a sharp recession in 1937. National output recovered to pre-Depression levels just before the outbreak of World War II, which absorbed the last of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17994231", "score": "1.0012933", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "New Deal", "long_answer": "Roosevelt's advisers believed that excessive competition and technical progress had led to overproduction and lowered wages and prices, which they believed lowered demand and employment (deflation). He argued that government economic planning was necessary to remedy this. New Deal economists argued that cut-throat competition had hurt many businesses and that with prices having fallen 20% and more, \"deflation\" exacerbated the burden of debt and would delay recovery. They rejected a strong move in Congress to limit the workweek to 30 hours. Instead their remedy, designed in cooperation with big business, was the NIRA. It included stimulus funds for the WPA to spend and sought to raise prices, give more bargaining power for unions (so the workers could purchase more) and reduce harmful competition.", "chunked_long_answer": "and employment (deflation). He argued that government economic planning was necessary to remedy this. New Deal economists argued that cut-throat competition had hurt many businesses and that with prices having fallen 20% and more, \"deflation\" exacerbated the burden of debt and would delay recovery. They rejected a strong move in Congress to limit the workweek to 30 hours. Instead their remedy, designed in cooperation with big business, was the NIRA. It included stimulus funds for the WPA to spend and sought to raise prices, give more bargaining power for unions (so the workers could purchase more) and reduce harmful competition.", "short_answers": [ "NIRA" ] }

[ "April 12, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day-and-date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017. The film was released day-and-date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day-and-date opening in IMAX history.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "8 x 10 Tasveer", "text": "the country. The film was stiffly contested by \"Fast & Furious\" at the box office. Particularly in Maharashtra, the film was highly surpassed by Mahesh Manjrekar's Marathi film \"Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy\". Filmmakers believe that the primary reasons for the film's disappointing run at the box office was the lack of a blockbuster soundtrack and a less targeted promotion. Vivek Agnihotri stated \"I saw the film in an empty theater. One of the main reasons why I think the film didn't even take an opening is due to Akshay's brand promise which is pure entertainment. I think makers couldn't exploit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10724854", "score": "1.2602819", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Fast and the Furious", "text": "Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020, and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series. Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment. It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment. In May 2018, Daniel Casey from \"Kin\", was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan. Filming will begin in April 2019 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11545137", "score": "1.2564533", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Fast and the Furious", "text": "of the Furious\", which was released in April 2017, starting a new trilogy of movies which will end the entire franchise. Originally the ninth movie was supposed to be released April 2019 and followed by the tenth movie in April 2021. However, Universal proceeded to start a spin-off movie with Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham called \"Hobbs & Shaw\", which now occupies the 2019 release date. This caused tensions between Dwayne Johnson, Vin Diesel and Tyrese as it delayed the release of \"Fast & Furious 9\". Universal later announced that both films will be released back-to-back on April 2020 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11545119", "score": "1.2121542", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "has to be as good as or better [than \"Furious 7\"]\". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where \"Furious 7\" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title \"Fast 8\". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18391988", "score": "1.1924543", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "it has to be as good as or better [than \"Furious 7\"]\". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where \"Furious 7\" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title \"Fast 8\". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261262", "score": "1.1897428", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fast Five", "text": "the \"Fast and Furious\" franchise (behind \"Fast 6\" and \"Furious 7\") and the fifth highest-grossing Universal film. It was initially released in Australia on Wednesday, April 20, 2011 – nine days before the release date in North America – followed by releases in the UK, South Korea and New Zealand. The earlier start in these countries was timed to coincide with their Easter holidays and avoided competition from forthcoming summer films, although this placed it in direct competition with \"Thor\" in some countries. By the end of its opening weekend, the film had accrued a total of $23.4 million from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14749042", "score": "1.1786044", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "The Fate of the Furious The Fate of the Furious (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 8 and Fast 8, and often stylized as F8) is a 2017 American action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Chris Morgan. It is the eighth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell and Charlize Theron. \"The Fate of the Furious\" follows Dominic Toretto (Diesel), who has settled down with his wife Letty Ortiz (Rodriguez), until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18391975", "score": "1.1763382", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "Fast and the Furious 8\" to make clear its connection to \"Furious 7\". After ticket sales began on April 2, the film pre-sold more than RMB 125 million ($18.1 million) worth of tickets before its release, breaking the previous record held by local film \"\" three months prior. Moreover, it also set a record for the fastest IMAX advance sales, with RMB 16.5 million ($2.4 million), breaking the previous record held by \"\", according to leading local movie site Mtime. In total, it pre-sold around $43.5 million tickets two hours before previews began, the biggest ever in the country. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18392012", "score": "1.1761073", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "2013, with the North American release on May 24. While the film is officially titled \"Fast & Furious 6\", its on-screen title card displays the title as simple \"Furious 6\". \"Fast & Furious 6\" earned $239 million in North America and $550 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $789 million. Calculating in all expenses, \"Deadline Hollywood\" estimated that the film made a profit of $135.1 million. Worldwide, it is the sixth highest-grossing 2013 film and the fourth highest-grossing Universal film. On the weekend of June 14–16, 2013, it became the second highest-grossing film in the \"Fast and the Furious\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608636", "score": "1.1745292", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "starring Johnson and Statham's characters is scheduled for release in August 2019. The Fate of the Furious The Fate of the Furious (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 8 and Fast 8, and often stylized as F8) is a 2017 American action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Chris Morgan. It is the eighth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell and Charlize Theron. \"The Fate of the Furious\" follows Dominic Toretto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18392028", "score": "1.1726215", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious (2009 film)", "text": "June 12, 2009, but moved it up to April 3, 2009 instead. It was the first motion-enhanced theatrical film to feature D-BOX motion feedback technology in selected theaters. \"Fast & Furious\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 28, 2009. The DVD is a two-disc set that includes: As of July 29, 2011 the DVD has sold 3,324,117 copies generating $53,879,547 in sales revenue for a combined total of $417,043,812 including worldwide movie ticket sales. It was re-released in Australia on Blu-ray including a digital copy and re-titled \"Fast & Furious 4\" on March 30, 2011. \"Fast & Furious\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11544775", "score": "1.1676574", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "postponed to April 3, 2015. Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Sung Kang, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, Gal Gadot, and John Ortiz. \"Fast & Furious 6\" follows a professional criminal gang led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who have retired following their successful heist in \"Fast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608649", "score": "1.1604004", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ishkq in Paris", "text": "5 to 10 percent in multiplexes across the country\". Comparatively, the new release that took the top place, \"Fast & Furious 6\", collected 60 million Rupees on its first day. Despite being its opening weekend's second highest-grossing Hindi film, and third highest-grossing overall according to the \"International Business Times\", the film \"opened on such a bad note that it would require some miracle to come out with a decent number during the weekend\", and in fact \"Ishkq in Paris\" only managed to collect a little over 10 million Rupees over the three-day period, and has been labeled a disaster. Internationally,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16430830", "score": "1.1529876", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious (2009 film)", "text": "theatrical release on July 2, 2009 with a gross of $155,064,265 in the United States and $208,100,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $363,164,265 (making it the fifth most successful film in the franchise behind \"Furious 7\", \"The Fate of the Furious\", \"Fast & Furious 6\", and \"Fast Five\"). It is also the 17th highest-grossing film of 2009 and the fifth highest film of 2009 to gross $300 million worldwide behind \"Star Trek\", \"Monsters vs. Aliens\", \"\", and \"Terminator Salvation\". Vin Diesel and Paul Walker reunited for a \"Fast & Furious\" sequel, entitled \"Fast Five\". Justin Lin directed, while Chris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11544780", "score": "1.1517922", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious (2009 film)", "text": "Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 4, or Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the fourth installment of \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film, which stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster, is set between the second and installments and bridges from the first film into a present-day setting, with main members of the original cast reprising their roles. Originally released on April 3, 2009, it received negative reviews upon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11544759", "score": "1.1506196", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "film release. It became the highest-grossing film in the \"Fast & Furious\" franchise, doing so only in ten days (the previous record which was held by \"Fast & Furious 6\" took fifteen weeks to reach its entire lifetime gross of $238.67 million). It also set the record for the biggest second-weekend April gross. It topped the box office for four consecutive weekends, becoming the first film to top the box office for four consecutive weekends since \"The Hunger Games\" in March 2012 and one of only 29 films since 1985 to have had four straight box office wins during their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261248", "score": "1.1486897", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "photography began in London, England in July 2012. Filming locations also included the Canary Islands, Glasgow, and Los Angeles. The film was first released in the United Kingdom, on May 17, 2013, followed by an international release on May 24, 2013. A sequel was released on April 3, 2015. Following their successful heist in Brazil (depicted in Fast Five), Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto and his professional criminal crew have fled around the world: Dom lives with Elena; his sister Mia lives with Brian O'Conner and their son, Jack; Gisele and Han live together; and Roman and Tej live in luxury. Meanwhile,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608607", "score": "1.1338791", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "franchise worldwide behind Furious 7, as well as separately in North America and outside North America. Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film in the \"Fast and Furious\" series, the second highest-grossing Universal film and the second highest-grossing 2013 film. In the United Kingdom, the film took $4.4 million during its opening day from 462 screens, the biggest opening day for both \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise and Universal in that market, the second-highest opening of 2013 behind \"Iron Man 3\" ($4.7 million), and the number 1 film of the day with 54% of the market. It finished", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608637", "score": "1.1284494", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2 Fast 2 Furious", "text": "Monica Fuentes to bring down drug lord Carter Verone. The film saw a majority of shooting being done on location in Miami, and was released on June 6, 2003, grossing over $236 million worldwide from an estimated $76 million budget. It is followed by \"\" (2006) and \"Fast & Furious\" (2009). After letting Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) escape from the authorities, Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) relocates from Los Angeles to Miami and makes a living by participating in illegal street races. Tej Parker (Ludacris) organizes a local street race, involving Suki, Orange Julius, and Slap Jack, however, the race lacks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2436107", "score": "1.1255878", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "The game also featured missions and locations based on the plot of the film, and allowed players to join forces with \"Fast & Furious 6\" characters. REG offered players of \"Car Town\" the ability to purchase tickets in-game via Fandango for films at REG theaters. By buying these tickets in-game, players were given promotional codes which in turn allowed them to unlock a virtual 2013 Dodge Charger SRT8. The premiere of \"Fast & Furious 6\" took place on May 7, 2013, at the Empire cinema in Leicester Square, London. The film was released in the United Kingdom on May 17,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608635", "score": "1.122708", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Fast and the Furious", "text": "Atlanta, Georgia and Boston, Massachusetts. Vin Diesel announced in an interview with \"Variety\" that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development. A spin-off film centered around Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with a release date of July 26, 2019, with \"Variety\" reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script. The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth \"Fast & Furious\" film to be delayed for another year. On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11545138", "score": "1.1182413", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "The film set all-time opening-day records in 15 countries including Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, India, Indonesia, the Middle East and Thailand, and opening day records for Universal Pictures in 40 countries including Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy and Mexico. Through Sunday, April 5, it earned a 4-day opening weekend total of $250.4 million from 10,683 screens in 64 countries, which is the fourth-highest international opening ever, in all which it reached first place at the box office It earned an IMAX opening weekend total of $7.5 million from 175 IMAX screens, breaking the record for the biggest April IMAX gross, previously", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261251", "score": "1.114646", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast Seven) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan. It is the seventh installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Djimon Hounsou, Kurt Russell, and Jason Statham. \"Furious 7\" follows Dominic Toretto (Diesel), Brian O'Conner (Walker), and the rest of their team, who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261209", "score": "1.1116158", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "and Walker, and an initial release date was set. Principal photography began in Atlanta, Georgia, in September 2013, resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014, with other filming locations including Los Angeles, Colorado, Abu Dhabi, and Tokyo. \"Furious 7\" premiered in Los Angeles on April 1, 2015, and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3, 2015, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally. Upon release, the film became a critical and commercial success, with praise being aimed at the film's action sequences and its tribute to Walker. The film grossed $397.6 million worldwide during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261212", "score": "1.1047535", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "Android devices. The story of \"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\" runs parallel to that of \"Fast & Furious 6\", allowing players to race and customize vehicles alongside characters from the film. A sequel, titled \"Furious 7\", was announced in April 2013. Lin would not return to direct the sequel as Universal pursued an accelerated schedule for the film, with a release date scheduled for July 11, 2014, just over a year after the release of \"Fast & Furious 6\". Lin was replaced by director James Wan that same month. After the death of Paul Walker, the release date was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608648", "score": "1.1010084", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "be dubbed into the Kannada language. Despite clashing with local pic \"Begum Jaan\", analysts believe the two films will not affect each other's performance, as they appeal to distinct moviegoers. Universal had high hopes in the territory, after \"Furious 7\" grossed an unprecedented $24.9 million in 2015, and became the biggest foreign release ever in the country at the time of its release (now the second biggest). The Central Board of Film Certification gave the film a UA rating (parental guidance suggested for children under 12), rather than an A for adults, after the studio agreed to cut several profanities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18392018", "score": "1.1006064", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Furious 7", "text": "3, 2015 (the same release date from the 2009 film \"Fast & Furious\"). The official announcement in change of date was made in July 2014. \"Furious 7\" premiered at the SXSW Film Festival at 12:07 a.m. at Austin's Paramount Theatre on March 16, 2015. On March 27, 2015, a free standalone expansion for the video game \"Forza Horizon 2\", titled \"Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious\", was released to help promote the film. For its global premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on April 1, 2015, IMAX Corporation installed a new laser projection which was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17261239", "score": "1.0989022", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "opened to $6.9 million, making it Universal's highest-grossing film in the territory. It earned its 66th number 1 opening, earning $23.6 million during its opening weekend, $3 million of which came from IMAX screenings. In North America, \"Fast & Furious 6\" debuted simultaneously with the comedy \"The Hangover Part III\" and the animated feature \"Epic\". It opened for midnight showings on May 23, 2013, in 2,409 theaters. It took $6.5 million, nearly doubling \"Fast Five\"s midnight gross ($3.8 million) which faced less direct competition. On its opening day, \"Fast & Furious 6\" earned $38.7 million (including midnight earnings) from 3,659", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608639", "score": "1.0988646", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fast & Furious 6", "text": "2012, and were scheduled to conclude on September 16, 2012. The shoot took place entirely at night and involved approximately 250 crew, but none of the central cast. Sets were built on site for the scenes including a large car showroom. Filming was scheduled to take place at the former Royal Air Force base RAF Bentwaters in late August 2012 until early September 2012. Shooting also occurred on Spain's Canary Islands including the island of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Filming had been intended to take place in Marseille, France, but was relocated to the islands to take advantage of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15608622", "score": "1.0965943", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "long_answer": "The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day-and-date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017. The film was released day-and-date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day-and-date opening in IMAX history.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day-and-date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017. The film was released day-and-date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day-and-date opening in IMAX history.", "short_answers": [ "April 12, 2017" ] }

[ "the U.S. Electoral College", "U.S. Electoral College" ]

[ { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty-Third Amendment granting voting", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "for either or both offices receives a majority, then choice falls to Congress in a procedure known as contingent election. Even though the aggregate national popular vote is calculated by state officials, media organizations, and the Federal Election Commission, the people only indirectly elect the president, as the national popular vote is not the basis for electing the president or vice president. The president and vice president of the United States are elected by the Electoral College, which consists of 538 presidential electors from the fifty states and Washington, D.C. Presidential electors are selected on a state-by-state basis, as determined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876790", "score": "0.9682317", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Presidency", "text": "most common ways to become removed from term of office and/or to prevent re-election In the United States the Presidency is headed by the president, who has many roles, such as: The United States holds their presidential election every four years. At the national convention, major and minor political parties nominate candidates for the president and vice president. Citizens then vote on the presidential and vice presidential candidate of their choice. However, these votes do not elect a candidate directly. Instead, the votes are sent to the Electoral College, and cast ballots for presidential electors. The candidate with a majority", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1610483", "score": "0.9625039", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "Some states provide for the placing in nomination of a candidate to receive the electoral votes (the candidate for president of the political party of the electors). Each elector submits a written ballot with the name of a candidate for president. In New Jersey, the electors cast ballots by checking the name of the candidate on a pre-printed card; in North Carolina, the electors write the name of the candidate on a blank card. The tellers count the ballots and announce the result. The next step is the casting of the vote for vice president, which follows a similar pattern.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876803", "score": "0.9588504", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "President of the United States", "text": "President of the United States The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. In contemporary times, the president is looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures and as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. The role includes responsibility for the world's most expensive military, which has the second largest nuclear arsenal. The president also leads the nation with the largest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322325", "score": "0.95707446", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "President", "text": "is this, \"in Europe\" known to be a \"President of Counsel\" from the French Présidente du Conseil, used 1871-1940 and 1944-1958, as the Third and Fourth French Republics. In the United States the President has always been both \"Head of State\" and \"Head of Government\" and has always had the title of President. Presidents in this system are either \"directly\" elected by popular vote or \"indirectly\" elected by an electoral college or some other democratically elected body. In the United States, the President is \"indirectly\" elected by the Electoral College made up of electors chosen by voters in the presidential", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322281", "score": "0.95316416", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "President-elect of the United States", "text": "each state, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in every fourth year\". Thus, all states appoint their electors on the same date, in November, once every four years. However, the manner of appointment of the electors is determined by the law of each State, subject to the restrictions stipulated by the Constitution. Currently, in every state, an election by the people is the method employed for the choice of the members of the Electoral College. The Constitution however, gives the states some latitude on the subject of choosing its slate of presidential electors. A state could,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12658547", "score": "0.952183", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "President-elect of the United States", "text": "the 46th person to be Vice President-elect. President-elect of the United States The President-elect of the United States is the person who has won the quadrennial presidential election in the United States, but who has not yet been inaugurated as President of the United States. President-elect is also the honorific title accorded to this individual. The only constitutional provisions pertaining directly to the president-elect, address matters related to the election winner's availability to take the oath of office. Nowhere is there an unequivocal statement made of \"when\" the winner of the election actually becomes president-elect. Since the 1960s, U.S. federal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12658570", "score": "0.9512141", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "European Democratic and Social Rally group", "text": "event of a public ballot, allowing the votes of every member to be known with precision. Divergences within the group are frequent, most of the time corresponding to the left/right divide within the group, with the group bound together not by common political parties but by common \"political affinities\". The group currently consists of 16 senators, with Gilbert Barbier, a member of The Republicans (LR), as its president since 23 May 2017. Though a majority of the group supported Emmanuel Macron in the 2017 presidential election, Jacques Mézard, the previous president of the group (who left the Senate to take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11966504", "score": "0.94082123", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election", "text": "candidate from the rotational group which is scheduled to hold he post of president of the UNGA, if there is no consensus candidate then a vote is held by secret ballot. The Eastern European Group is the smallest of the UN regional groups with 23 members who are informally entitled to choose a candidate from within their group. Failure to do so would result in a secret ballot amongst the entire United Nations General Assembly (the last time this happened was in 1991 when the Asian Group failed to agree on a candidate out of three options). After his election,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16405626", "score": "0.93914837", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Georgetown Chimes", "text": "F. Yates and Rev. Richard C. Law (inducted into the group in 1953), and Father James Walsh, S.J. Father Walsh was an active for almost 30 years before his death on June 30, 2015. Each year, a member of the Actives is elected “Ephus”. The Ephus, a \"leader among equals”, acts as a head of the group, presiding over most of the group's affairs. The first Ephus was Frank Jones, the founder of the group, who despite the legend, never legally changed his name to Francis Edward \"Ephus\" Jones. The group also elects a Business Manager, Treasurer, and Webmaster each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7783051", "score": "0.9381214", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Presidential election", "text": "College at the state level. In the U.S., the presidential elections at the state-level decide which people shall become members of the Electoral College for each state, and those members of the Electoral College in turn cast their votes for the presidential candidates. The first recorded Electoral College presidential election in the United States was in 1788−1789, in which George Washington won. The President of Venezuela is elected by the public to a six-year term. Presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. The President of Albania is elected by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3517166", "score": "0.93809676", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "President-elect of the United States", "text": "President-elect of the United States The President-elect of the United States is the person who has won the quadrennial presidential election in the United States, but who has not yet been inaugurated as President of the United States. President-elect is also the honorific title accorded to this individual. The only constitutional provisions pertaining directly to the president-elect, address matters related to the election winner's availability to take the oath of office. Nowhere is there an unequivocal statement made of \"when\" the winner of the election actually becomes president-elect. Since the 1960s, U.S. federal law has empowered the General Services Administration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12658544", "score": "0.9371718", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Politics of the United States", "text": "systems, Americans vote for a specific candidate instead of directly selecting a particular political party. With a federal government, officials are elected at the federal (national), state and local levels. On a national level, the President, is elected indirectly by the people, through an Electoral College. In modern times, the electors virtually always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of Congress, and the offices at the state and local levels are directly elected. Various federal and state laws regulate elections. The United States Constitution defines (to a basic extent) how federal elections are held, in Article", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "437991", "score": "0.93438107", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Vice President of the United States", "text": "Vice President of the United States The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, VP, or Veep) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the President of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as President of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president presides over Senate deliberations (or delegates this task to a member of the Senate), but may only vote to break a tie. The vice president also presides over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "449657", "score": "0.92936057", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Presidential election", "text": "of Tanzania is elected by general vote every five years. As of 2015, 24,001,134 people in Tanzania were registered to vote. Voters are registered upon completion of a Biometric Voters Register kit. The current president is John Magufuli. The President of Ukraine is elected for a five-year term by the public. The first Presidential election in Ukraine was held in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The United States has elections on the state and local levels. The Electoral College is the constitutional body that elects the president, and voters actually vote for the members of the Electoral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3517165", "score": "0.9274963", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Republic", "text": "by the people, or is indirectly elected as done in the United States. In that country the president is officially elected by an electoral college, chosen by the States, all of which do so by direct election of the electors. The indirect election of the president through the electoral college conforms to the concept of republic as one with a system of indirect election. In the opinion of some, direct election confers legitimacy upon the president and gives the office much of its political power. However, this concept of legitimacy differs from that expressed in the United States Constitution which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "345078", "score": "0.9258124", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Elections in the United States", "text": "Elections in the United States Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor and legislature. There are also elected offices at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3637915", "score": "0.9231883", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election", "text": "decision to the U.S. Senate. In the unique system of presidential elections of the United States of America, which was established as a republic (representative democracy), the president is not determined directly by the popular vote of the national electorate, but indirectly through the mechanism of the Electoral College determined by cumulative wins of the popular votes of state electorates. In this system of representative democracy, a presidential candidate is deemed to have won a presidential race if that candidate wins a simple majority of the electoral college vote. Electors are selected based on a state-by-state basis; some states choose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19882585", "score": "0.9213453", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "President-elect of the United States", "text": "to the presidency by way of the president's death, resignation or removal (via impeachment) from office, that person does not hold the title of president-elect, as they would become president immediately. Conversely, a sitting vice president who is elected president \"does\" become president-elect. of the United States Constitution, along with the Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments directly address and govern the process for electing the nation's president. Presidential elections are further regulated by various federal and state laws. Under federal Law, the presidential electors, the members of the Electoral College, the body that directly elects the president, must be \"appointed, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12658546", "score": "0.9205774", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "President", "text": "in the council as a whole. The modern usage of the term \"president\" to designate a single person who is the head of state of a republic can be traced directly to the United States Constitution of 1787, which created the office of President of the United States. Previous American governments had included \"presidents\" (such as the president of the Continental Congress or the president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress), but these were presiding officers in the older sense, with no executive authority. It has been suggested that the executive use of the term was borrowed from early American colleges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322274", "score": "0.91874087", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "large victory margins for Barack Obama in the 2012 election and for Hillary Clinton in 2016. United States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876879", "score": "0.9156387", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2008 United States presidential election in Wisconsin", "text": "mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 10 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12679022", "score": "0.9141927", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Contingent election", "text": "Martin Van Buren's vice-presidential nominee Richard Mentor Johnson, denying him a majority of the electoral vote and forcing the Senate to elect him in a contingent election. In the United States, the president and vice president are indirectly elected by the Electoral College, which (since ratification of the 23rd Amendment in 1961) consists of 538 presidential electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Presidential electors themselves are directly elected on a state-by-state basis. Since the election of 1824, a majority of the states have chosen their electors on a statewide \"winner-take-all\" basis, based on the statewide popular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19824062", "score": "0.9138036", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "President of the United States", "text": "On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, about six weeks after the election, the electors convene in their respective state capitals (and in Washington D.C.) to vote for president and, on a separate ballot, for vice president. They typically vote for the candidates of the party that nominated them. While there is no constitutional mandate or federal law requiring them to do so, the District of Columbia and 30 states have laws requiring that their electors vote for the candidates to whom they are pledged. Following the vote, each state then sends a certified record of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322361", "score": "0.9135533", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Presidential election", "text": "Presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. The President of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. The President of Chile is elected by the Chilean people for a four-year term. Sitting presidents are not allowed to run for reelection, but former presidents may do so. The President and Vice President of China, are elected by the National People's Congress on the nomination of the Presidium of the National People's Congress. President of the Czech Republic is elected for a five-year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3517159", "score": "0.91061425", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "President of the United States", "text": "solicit contributions. Much of the modern electoral process is concerned with winning swing states through frequent visits and mass media advertising drives. The president is elected indirectly by the voters of each state and the District of Columbia through the Electoral College, a body of electors formed every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president to concurrent four-year terms. As prescribed by the Twelfth Amendment, each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the size of its total delegation in both houses of Congress. Additionally, the Twenty-third Amendment provides that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322359", "score": "0.9102142", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "President", "text": "Trade\" and \"Lord President of the Council\" in the United Kingdom, as well as \"President of the Senate\" in the United States (one of the roles constitutionally assigned to the vice president). The officiating priest at certain Anglican religious services, too, is sometimes called the \"president\" in this sense. However, the most common modern usage is as the title of a head of state in a republic. In pre-revolutionary France, the president of a \"Parlement\" evolved into a powerful magistrate, a member of the so-called \"noblesse de robe\" (\"nobility of the gown\"), with considerable judicial as well as administrative authority.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322271", "score": "0.9101667", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2008 United States presidential election in Delaware", "text": "obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 3 were pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: 2008 United States presidential election in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12795646", "score": "0.9100166", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Vice President of the United States", "text": "changed on September 4, when the committee recommended that the nation's chief executive be elected by an Electoral College, with each state having a number of presidential electors equal to the sum of that state's allocation of representatives and senators. The proposed presidential election process called for each state to choose members of the electoral college, who would use their discretion to select the candidates they individually viewed as best qualified. Recognizing that loyalty to one's individual state outweighed loyalty to the new federation, the Constitution's framers assumed that individual electors would be inclined to choose a candidate from their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "449662", "score": "0.9094463", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "United States presidential election", "long_answer": "The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty-Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner.", "chunked_long_answer": "The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty-Third Amendment granting voting", "short_answers": [ "U.S. Electoral College", "the U.S. Electoral College" ] }

[ "Tessa Peake-Jones" ]

[ { "title": "Tessa Peake-Jones", "text": "Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Raquel in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, whom she played from December 1988 until it ended in 2003.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Chance of a Lunchtime", "text": "The Chance of a Lunchtime \"The Chance of a Lunchtime\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the second episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 6 January 1991. In the episode, Raquel auditions for a role in a Shakespeare play. Elsewhere, Del tries to sell musical national anthem doorbells. Raquel has been offered the chance to really get her acting career off the ground by auditioning for the part of Rosalind in Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\", and Del Boy is behind her all the way for it. Meanwhile, Del, knowing that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9522793", "score": "1.1156166", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Chance of a Lunchtime", "text": "means, Unc? Either Raquel's pregnant or Del's pissed.\" Del and Raquel then embrace. Elliott Russell - As Boycie's son Tyler The Chance of a Lunchtime \"The Chance of a Lunchtime\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the second episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 6 January 1991. In the episode, Raquel auditions for a role in a Shakespeare play. Elsewhere, Del tries to sell musical national anthem doorbells. Raquel has been offered the chance to really get her acting career off the ground by auditioning for the part of Rosalind in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9522803", "score": "1.0866511", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Gwyneth Strong", "text": "Gwyneth Strong Gwyneth Strong (born 2 December 1959) is an English actress. She is best known for her role in the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\" as Cassandra, the love interest and, later, wife of Rodney (Nicholas Lyndhurst). Strong's first acting appearance was in the Royal Court Theatre's production \"Live Like Pigs\", when she was eleven. In 1973, whilst a pupil at Holland Park School, she appeared in the horror film \"Nothing But the Night\" as Mary Valley, and she was a regular in the children's TV series \"The Flockton Flyer\" between 1977 and 1979, as Jan Carter. Strong", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5746425", "score": "1.0716516", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses)", "text": "Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses) \"Stage Fright\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the third episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 13 January 1991. In the episode, Del wins a contract to put on the entertainment at the Starlight Rooms, and arranges for Raquel and a club singer named Tony Angelino to perform a duet, unaware that Tony has a speech impediment. The scene when Raquel and Tony perform Crying was named the 8th Greatest Only Fools Moments by UKTV Gold. Raquel is now three months pregnant, and Del Boy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8822935", "score": "1.06881", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses)", "text": "him \"Hang about, Tony. I've got you some more bookings. Stick with me, son, I'll make you wich!\" Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses) \"Stage Fright\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the third episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 13 January 1991. In the episode, Del wins a contract to put on the entertainment at the Starlight Rooms, and arranges for Raquel and a club singer named Tony Angelino to perform a duet, unaware that Tony has a speech impediment. The scene when Raquel and Tony perform Crying was named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8822941", "score": "1.0635167", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sue Holderness", "text": "Sue Holderness Susan Joan Pringle Holderness (born 28 May 1949) is an English actress. She played the role of Marlene Boyce in the British sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\" (from 1985 to 2003) and its spin-off \"The Green Green Grass\" (from 2005 until 2009). Holderness was born in Hampstead, London. After taking her A-levels, she trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. She began her acting career with Manchester’s 69 Theatre Company in \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\", \"Peer Gynt\" and as Desdemona in \"Catch My Soul\" (Jack Good’s rock-musical version of \"Othello\"). She has worked consistently in theatre,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5888162", "score": "1.0521023", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Roy Heather", "text": "conventions for \"Only Fools and Horses\". Heather died in Purbrook, Hampshire from undisclosed causes on 3 September 2014. He was 79 years old. Roy Heather Roy Heather (20 May 1935 – 3 September 2014) was an English television actor best remembered for playing cafe owner Sid in the sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". Heather was born in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire and after leaving school he worked for an asbestos firm before National Service with the Royal Air Force. He then did several jobs including \"Betterware\" household goods salesman whilst continuing his interest in amateur acting. He was spotted by David", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8099971", "score": "1.0399826", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Roy Heather", "text": "Roy Heather Roy Heather (20 May 1935 – 3 September 2014) was an English television actor best remembered for playing cafe owner Sid in the sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". Heather was born in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire and after leaving school he worked for an asbestos firm before National Service with the Royal Air Force. He then did several jobs including \"Betterware\" household goods salesman whilst continuing his interest in amateur acting. He was spotted by David Tudor who gave him his first professional job in repertory theatre at the age of 44. While working for Tudor he played many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8099969", "score": "1.0395334", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Katie Griffiths", "text": "three episodes of the Only Fools and Horses prequel Rock & Chips as Glenda. she was also in the 2010 BBC one series Five Days as a minor character called Rowan. More recently Katie appeared in Father Brown as a brewer's daughter playing an adult heiress in love with her sister's husband. Griffiths auditioned for the role of Cinderella in the 2014 film \"Into the Woods\". Katie Griffiths Katie Griffiths is an English actress, who is best known for playing Chlo Grainger in the BBC1 drama \"Waterloo Road\" from 2006 to 2009. Griffiths joined Stage 84, The Yorkshire School of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11462346", "score": "1.0370464", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Alison Pargeter", "text": "\"Only Fools and Horses\" prequel \"Rock & Chips\" as Val, the Nag's Head barmaid. In 2004 she appeared in the television advertisement for John Smith's bitter \"Annie, I'm not your Daddy\" which starred Peter Kay. Also in 2012 she appeared in a television advertisement for Miracle Whip: Village. Most recently she played a role as a house wife for TV commercial Volvic Juicy drink. Pargeter has appeared in seven films such as \"Calendar Girls\" (2003), \"Mad George\" (2004), \"Angel\" (2007), \"Reuniting the Rubins\" (2010), \"The National Union of Space People\" (2016), \"The Little Stranger\" (2018) and \"Shafted\" (2018) which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9109015", "score": "1.0365884", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Raquel Cassidy", "text": "Abbey\". Other roles include Susan Gately in \"Teachers\" (series 1 and 2), the Home Office Junior Minister Jo Porter in \"Party Animals\", Cassie Turner in \"The Worst Week of My Life\", Nancy Weeks in \"Moving Wallpaper\" and Mel in \"Lead Balloon\". Raquel Cassidy Raquel Josephine Dominic Cassidy (born 22 January 1968) is an English actress. Born to a Spanish mother and an English father, she was the third child and only daughter born to the couple. Born and brought up in Fleet, Hampshire, she was educated at Farnborough Hill Convent, and then Girton College, Cambridge, where she studied modern languages", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8863115", "score": "1.0320249", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Raquel Watts", "text": "of the show's best-loved characters in the 1990s.\" Raquel had a celebrity fan in Cliff Richard, who admitted in the 2000 documentary \"40 Years on Coronation Street\" that he once dreamed of being cast in a walk-on role, rescuing Raquel from Curly and marrying her himself. Raquel has become a notable facet of Lancashire's career. In 2001, \"The Guardian\" Gareth McLean stated that while she has avoided being typecast, Raquel \"may be the role for which she is best known\". Fellow \"Guardian\" writer Paul Flynn observed in 2004 that Lancashire is \"assured her place in the national psyche\" because of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8430076", "score": "1.0285194", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Stage Fright (Only Fools and Horses)", "text": "finds another opportunity to be a millionaire when the \"Starlight Rooms\", managed by an old acquaintance, Eric, needs a good act. Del believes that Raquel's previous experience as a singer makes her perfect for the part. Raquel tells Del that her solicitors are trying to locate her ex-husband, and Del successfully convinces Raquel to marry him. He also reveals he is due in court in a week's time for fly-pitching. Later, at the \"Down by the Riverside\" Club, Del and Rodney meet Trigger's friend, Tony Angelino, the Singing Dustman, who has styled himself after Tom Jones and singing - fairly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8822936", "score": "1.0277086", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dates (Only Fools and Horses)", "text": "while at the \"Nag's Head\" he is approached by the two police officers still searching for the owner of the yellow van. Believing the female officer to be another stripper hired by Albert, Del rips her blouse off and is arrested. Heartbroken, Raquel leaves for the Middle East just as Del Boy is taken into custody. Dates (Only Fools and Horses) \"Dates\" is the seventh Christmas special episode of the BBC sitcom, \"Only Fools and Horses\", first broadcast on 25 December 1988. In the episode, Del Boy joins a dating agency and meets Raquel. Rodney also goes on a date,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8646914", "score": "1.0219047", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Catherine Holman", "text": "and then the \"Wyndham's Theatre\", \"West End\". Other credits include the role of Rose in Dancelands at the \"Old Red Lion Theatre\", Islington; Flora in \"The Innocents\" at the \"Haymarket Theatre\" in Basingstoke; Sarah in a film short by Sean Rogg \"All the King's Horses\"; Jackie in The Ghostbusters of East Finchley for \"BBC\" Television; Poppy in \"Agatha Christie\"'s \"The Pale Horse\" for Anglia Television; Alice in Wilderness for Carlton Television; Becky in \"A Little Princess\" at Manchester's \"Library Theatre\"; Pony in Approaching Zanzibar at \"Southwark Playhouse\"; Charlotte in Tongue of a Bird at the \"Almeida Theatre\" and Alice in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13349475", "score": "1.0205839", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Amanda Noar", "text": "in \"Boon\" (1987), Natasha Glendenning in \"Lovejoy\" (1992), Norma in \"Stay Lucky\" (1993), Melanie Norriss in \"Casualty\" (1994), Rose Finnigan in \"Brookside\" (1999) and Letitia in \"Hollyoaks\". Stage roles include Anita in \"West Side Story\" at Her Majesty's Theatre in London and on national tour, \"Fields of Ambrosia\" at the Aldwych Theatre, London, and Chava in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" with Topol. In addition, Noar played Gypsy in \"\" at The Grand Theatre, Swansea, and Hunyak in \"Chicago\" at The Haymarket Theatre in Leicester. She performed in \"Godspell\" on national tour, as well as roles in \"Sweet Charity\" and \"Cabaret\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10973868", "score": "1.015346", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Paul Barber (actor)", "text": "Paul Barber (actor) Patrick Barber, known by the stage name Paul Barber (born 18 March 1951), is an English actor from Liverpool. In a career spanning more than 30 years, he is best known for playing Denzil in \"Only Fools and Horses\" and Horse in \"The Full Monty\". Barber was taken into care at the age of seven, following the death of his mother from tuberculosis. His mother was from Middlesbrough. His father, originally from Sierra Leone, died when Paul (or Paddy as he was then known) and his security guard brother Brian were very young. Whilst he was in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4416098", "score": "1.0096351", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Sarah Lancashire", "text": "her run in \"Blood Brothers\", Lancashire auditioned for the role of new \"Coronation Street\" character Raquel Wolstenhulme, a colleague of supermarket employee Curly Watts (Kevin Kennedy). Lancashire joined on a three-month contract, continuing to teach at Salford University for another year. Raquel first appeared on 25 January 1991 and departed on 10 May; having moved to London to try to launch a modelling career. Lancashire had initially been reserved about Raquel's characterisation, noting that her \"acidic side\" could have rendered her the \"street bitch\" had it been embellished. She took care to highlight Raquel's potential, playing against what had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5789797", "score": "1.0048008", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rock & Chips", "text": "Trotter, her husband Reg would be portrayed by Shaun Dingwall (\"Soldier Soldier\", \"Doctor Who\"), and his father by Phil Daniels (\"Quadrophenia\", \"EastEnders\"). James Buckley (\"The Inbetweeners\"), would play the teenage Derek, Joan and Reg's son, portrayed by David Jason in \"Only Fools and Horses\". Dewi Humphreys (\"The Green Green Grass\") would direct. It was announced in January 2010 that the production would be shown on 24 January on BBC One with the title \"Rock & Chips\". The drama was produced by Gareth Gwenlan, who worked on \"Only Fools and Horses\" between 1988 and 2003. Speaking to the \"Western Mail\", he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13557315", "score": "1.0047045", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Raquel Watts", "text": "the intervening years. Lancashire and Kennedy were the only cast members to appear in Raquel's return episode, marking the first time the programme had featured just two characters. It remained the only two-hander episode of the soap for seven years, until a 2007 episode featured only mother and daughter Deirdre (Anne Kirkbride) and Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford). Raquel was well received by critics, deemed by Banks-Smith to be \"the jewel in the Rovers' crown\". She called Lancashire \"one of the bright particular stars of \"Coronation Street\"\", writing that Raquel, \"as is the strange way of stars, shines bright long after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8430073", "score": "0.99394846", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Raquel Watts", "text": "Raquel Watts Raquel Watts (also Wolstenhulme) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Sarah Lancashire. Raquel is established as the daughter of a strict Catholic father and heavy-drinking mother, estranged from her father after partaking in semi-nude modelling. She is introduced as an assistant at Weatherfield's Bettabuy supermarket, working alongside Curly Watts (Kevin Kennedy), with whom she begins a relationship. They separate when Raquel develops feelings for a photographer and moves to London to become a model. Disappointed by the calibre of work she is offered, Raquel returns to Weatherfield and becomes a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8430059", "score": "0.98957133", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Angela Bruce", "text": "She is also recognisable to sci-fi fans for her performance as Brigadier Winifred Bambera in the 1989 \"Doctor Who\" serial \"Battlefield\", as well as her portrayal of Dayna Mellanby in the \"Blake's 7\" audio drama \"The Syndeton Experiment\". On the London stage, she was the second actress to play Magenta in the original stage production of \"The Rocky Horror Show\", succeeding Patricia Quinn. Her other notable credits include \"Red Dwarf\" (as Debb Lister, a female counterpart of Dave Lister in a parallel universe), \"Prime Suspect\" and \"Only Fools and Horses\" in which she played Councillor Murray. She also appeared as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7446295", "score": "0.98931336", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Enn Reitel", "text": "of con men. Reitel was the second choice to play Del Boy Trotter in \"Only Fools and Horses\" (behind Jim Broadbent aka Roy Slater in the series), but was busy with other projects (the role ultimately went to David Jason). He also played two roles in different episodes of long-running sitcom \"One Foot in the Grave\". In the first Christmas special, he played \"Mr. Starkey\", a down and out who holds Victor Meldrew and his neighbour's father at gunpoint to wait for Armageddon on Christmas Day. In the second episode of series 3, \"Dreamland\", he played a tramp who took", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1923955", "score": "0.9875418", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sarah Lancashire", "text": "Lancashire returned to \"Coronation Street\" for a single episode in which Raquel asks Curly for a divorce. Lancashire felt it was an apt time to return, as she was now a more confident actress and wanted to portray Raquel again before she aged significantly. The series' producer at the time, Jane Macnaught, deemed Raquel one of \"Coronation Street\" most popular ever characters and her return an opportunity for her \"millions of fans\" to learn what had become of her. Lancashire and Kennedy were the sole actors in the episode, the first to feature just two characters. From late January, Lancashire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5789804", "score": "0.986158", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Paul Barber (actor)", "text": "Barber was best known for his time on \"Only Fools and Horses\" and still attends conventions for the show. In 2008, he had a small part in the long-running ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\" playing a club owner called Nelson, an acquaintance of Vernon Tomlin. He appeared in \"Casualty\" twice, the first time was on 13 August 2011 playing a police officer and the second time was on 17 November 2018 playing a homeless man. He also starred in \"White Van Man\" as Hooky Pete in February 2012. In July 2012, Barber played the role of Captain in Sky 1's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4416101", "score": "0.98511565", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Paula Wilcox", "text": "character in the \"Only Fools and Horses\" universe, appearing in 2 episodes of \"Rock and Chips\", playing Edward \"Grandad\" Trotter's estranged wife Violet. In 2007 Wilcox joined the cast of \"Emmerdale\" as Hilary Potts, mother of the vicar's wife, Laurel Thomas (Charlotte Bellamy). In 2008, Wilcox portrayed Bette Davis in a theatrical play, \"Whatever Happened to the Cotton Dress Girl?\". In 2010, she portrayed a mother of a gay son in a theatrical play, \"Canary\". In November 2010, Wilcox took the leading role as a Liverpudlian private eye in \"Following from the Front\", a BBC radio play first broadcast in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5407399", "score": "0.98489", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Raquel Cassidy", "text": "Raquel Cassidy Raquel Josephine Dominic Cassidy (born 22 January 1968) is an English actress. Born to a Spanish mother and an English father, she was the third child and only daughter born to the couple. Born and brought up in Fleet, Hampshire, she was educated at Farnborough Hill Convent, and then Girton College, Cambridge, where she studied modern languages and then biological anthropology. She later pursued a PhD in biological anthropology, but she abandoned it to pursue a career in acting. Cassidy is best known for her 2013–2015 television role as rehabilitated thief and ladies maid Phyllis Baxter in \"Downton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8863114", "score": "0.9817951", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Cassandra Trotter", "text": "Cassandra Trotter Cassandra Louise Trotter (née Parry; born 16 June 1966) is a fictional character from the British sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". She was portrayed by Gwyneth Strong. The intelligent, slightly-spoiled daughter of the owner of a successful paper merchant, Alan (Denis Lill) and his wife Pam (Wanda Ventham), Cassandra was an ambitious employee of the local bank. She made her first \"Only Fools and Horses\" appearance in the episode \"Yuppy Love\", in which she was an attendee of Rodney's adult education class. The two first met when they accidentally mixed up their raincoats in the cloak room, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8908461", "score": "0.9686833", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Rachael Wooding", "text": "Rachael Wooding Rachael Wooding is a Yorkshire born musical theatre performer, best known for her performances in \"We Will Rock You\", playing Meat and Scaramouche. She began her career in musicals in Germany - such as Cats and Starlight Express. After West End success in Saturday Night Fever and Fame, she went on to play Amber in the original London cast of \"Hairspray the Musical\". Wooding left \"Hairspray\" in October 2008. She then performed the title role in \"Evita the Musical\" on the UK tour. From March 2011, she featured as Mary Delgado in the West End production of \"Jersey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12345092", "score": "0.9685343", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Tessa Peake-Jones", "long_answer": "Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Raquel in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, whom she played from December 1988 until it ended in 2003.", "chunked_long_answer": "Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Raquel in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, whom she played from December 1988 until it ended in 2003.", "short_answers": [ "Tessa Peake-Jones" ] }